Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic material...Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic materials,a capability that is essential to the transition toward a sustainable future[1–3].展开更多
Accurate state of health(SOH)estimation is essential for the safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries.However,existing methods face significant challenges,primarily because they rely on complete charge–di...Accurate state of health(SOH)estimation is essential for the safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries.However,existing methods face significant challenges,primarily because they rely on complete charge–discharge cycles and fixed-form physical constraints,which limit adaptability to different chemistries and real-world conditions.To address these issues,this study proposes an approach that extracts features from segmented state of charge(SOC)intervals and integrates them into an enhanced physics-informed neural network(PINN).Specifically,voltage data within the 25%–75%SOC range during charging are used to derive statistical,time–frequency,and mechanism-based features that capture degradation trends.A hybrid PINN-Lasso-Transformer-BiLSTM architecture is developed,where Lasso regression enables sparse feature selection,and a nonlinear empirical degradation model is embedded as a learnable physical term within a dynamically scaled composite loss.This design adaptively balances data-driven accuracy with physical consistency,thereby enhancing estimation precision,robustness,and generalization.The results show that the proposed method outperforms conventional neural networks across four battery chemistries,achieving root mean square error and mean absolute error below 1%.Notably,features from partial charging segments exhibit higher robustness than those from full cycles.Furthermore,the model maintains strong performance under high temperatures and demonstrates excellent generalization capacity in transfer learning across chemistries,temperatures,and C-rates.This work establishes a scalable and interpretable solution for accurate SOH estimation under diverse practical operating conditions.展开更多
Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphys...Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphysical processes such as raindrop evaporation and cloud water accretion in a double-moment six-class cloud microphysics scheme were revised to enhance the simulation of low clouds using the Global-Regional Integrated Forecast System(GRIST)model. The validation of the revised scheme using a single-column version of the GRIST demonstrated a reasonable reduction in liquid water biases. The revised parameterization simulated medium-and low-level cloud fractions that were in better agreement with the observations than the original scheme. Long-term global simulations indicate the mitigation of the originally overestimated low-level cloud fraction and cloud-water mixing ratio in mid-to high-latitude regions,primarily owing to enhanced accretion processes and weakened raindrop evaporation. The reduced low clouds with the revised scheme showed better consistency with satellite observations, particularly at mid-and high-latitudes. Further improvements can be observed in the simulated cloud shortwave radiative forcing and vertical distribution of total cloud cover. Annual precipitation in mid-latitude regions has also improved, particularly over the oceans, with significantly increased large-scale and decreased convective precipitation.展开更多
Making full use of the operator ordering method and the integration within ordered products,we obtain the analytical evolution law of a general quadratic state in the amplitude decay channel,and find that it is determ...Making full use of the operator ordering method and the integration within ordered products,we obtain the analytical evolution law of a general quadratic state in the amplitude decay channel,and find that it is determined not only by the decay rate of the amplitude decay channel but also by the coefficients of the initial quadratic state.Further,the quantum statistical properties of the initial quadratic state for amplitude decay are investigated via its average photon number and photon-counting distribution,and its Wigner distribution function evolution is discussed in detail.展开更多
This study aims to reveal the prototypical argumentative patterns employed in situations where patient distrust arises in China.Based on the quantitative analysis of data from a general social survey,we focus on a dis...This study aims to reveal the prototypical argumentative patterns employed in situations where patient distrust arises in China.Based on the quantitative analysis of data from a general social survey,we focus on a distinctive phenomenon that while a majority of Chinese respondents trust the medical profession as a whole,significant distrust exists toward doctors'skills and ethics,particularly among older,urban,and higher income populations.Qualtatively,we employ Generalized Argumentation Theory to analyze Chinese clinical dialogues,identifying three kinds of prototypical argumentative patterns in situations of patient distrust.Methodologically,this article shows the value of combining statistical analysis with goal-oriented Generalized Argumentation research to reconcile the tricky trust phenomenon of Chinese doctor-patient communication.展开更多
In Italy,general practitioners(GPs),pivotal figures in the healthcare system,face growing challenges due to limited support and a healthcare system misaligned with modern complexities.1 The capitation model requires t...In Italy,general practitioners(GPs),pivotal figures in the healthcare system,face growing challenges due to limited support and a healthcare system misaligned with modern complexities.1 The capitation model requires them to manage over 1500 patients each,limiting meaningful engagement.The lack of integrated multidisciplinary teams and impending retirements further strains the workforce.To address these issues,the Italian government has launched reforms,such as the National Recovery and Resilience Plan(Mission 6).展开更多
The US 2024 general election ended with the Republican Party winning the presidential, House and Senate elections at the same time. In the presidential election, the Republican Party not only won more popular votes in...The US 2024 general election ended with the Republican Party winning the presidential, House and Senate elections at the same time. In the presidential election, the Republican Party not only won more popular votes in over 90% counties than in the 2020 general election, but also won seven highly contested swing States with greater edges. This also marks the first time since 2004 that the Republican Party has won a relative majority of popular votes in the presidential election.展开更多
The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurr...The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurrence of a traumatic event[1].Fear generalization within the normal range represents an adaptive evolutionary mechanism to facilitate prompt reactions to potential threats and to enhance the likelihood of survival.展开更多
Background and objective The WHO emphasises the importance of integrating advice on physical activity(PA)into primary care of patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease(IHD).Similarly,the German treatment guideline...Background and objective The WHO emphasises the importance of integrating advice on physical activity(PA)into primary care of patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease(IHD).Similarly,the German treatment guideline‘Chronic Coronary Heart Disease’recommends that general practitioners(GPs)provide advice on PA to IHD patients.However,the provision of PA advice seems to be inadequately implemented in general practice.One reason is the lack of medical training in providing PA advice effectively and efficiently.International guidelines recommend such training for health professionals.This study aims to explore experiences,perceptions and attitudes,including barriers and facilitators of GPs towards the routine delivery of PA advice to IHD patients.Methods Between March and June 2023,12 face-to-face problem-centred interviews and six focus group discussions(n=37)with GPs were conducted.Interview and discussion guides were developed and pilot tested by the multi-professional study team.We used a purposive sampling strategy,and data were collected in an iterative process.Audio-recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a content structuring procedure(deductive and inductive approach).GPs were involved throughout the entire research process,for example,in multi-professional analysis groups.Results Although GPs are mostly aware of the health benefits of PA for patients with IHD,PA advice is not routinely provided.Conversations on PA tend to be rather unstructured,and advice is often addressed more generally than customised to the patients’needs and preferences.Priority is given to other lifestyle issues,such as smoking cessation.PA advice is perceived as time-consuming and rather ineffective with regard to the target behaviour.GPs frequently express frustration in this context.GPs express a lack of and simultaneously a need for communication strategies(structure and tools)that can be integrated into everyday GP practice to motivate patients to PA.Conclusion The results provide relevant insights into the current practice of GPs with regard to their attitudes on,experiences with,and requirements for the provision of PA advice to IHD patients.These results are helpful to inform the development of appropriate GP training in the provision of very brief PA advice to IHD patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for ...BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.METHODS In this retrospective study,94 patients scheduled for laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia,admitted to Yiwu Central Hospital between May 2022 and May 2023,were divided into a control group(inhalation combined general anesthesia)and a treatment group(dexmedetomidine-assisted intrave-nous-inhalation combined general anesthesia).Perioperative indicators,analgesic effect,preoperative and postoperative 24-hours blood pressure(BP)and heart rate(HR),stress indicators,immune function levels,and adverse reactions were com-pared between the two groups.RESULTS Baseline data,including age,hernia location,place of residence,weight,monthly income,education level,and underlying diseases,were not significantly different between the two groups,indicating comparability(P>0.05).No significant difference was found in operation time and anesthesia time between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the treatment group exhibited a shorter postoperative urinary catheter removal time and hospital stay than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperatively,no significant differences were found in the visual analog scale(VAS)scores between the two groups(P>0.05).However,at 12,18,and 24 hours postoper-atively,the treatment group had significantly lower VAS scores than the control group(P<0.05).Although no significant differences in preoperative hemodynamic indicators were found between the two groups(P>0.05),both groups experienced some extent of changes in postoperative HR,diastolic BP(DBP),and systolic BP(SBP).Nevertheless,the treatment group showed smaller changes in HR,DBP,and SBP than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperative immune function indicators showed no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).However,postoperatively,the treatment group demonstrated higher levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+and lower levels of CD8+than the control group(P<0.05).The rates of adverse reactions were 6.38%and 23.40%in the treatment and control groups,respectively,revealing a significant difference(χ2=5.371,P=0.020).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia can promote early recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.It ensures stable blood flow,improves postoperative analgesic effects,reduces postoperative pain intensity,alleviates stress response,improves immune function,facilitates anesthesia recovery,and enhances safety.展开更多
Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN model...Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN models—DenseNet201,VGG16,InceptionV3,ResNet50,VGG19,MobileNetV2,Xception,and InceptionResNetV2—leveraging transfer learning and fine-tuning to enhance liveness detection performance.The models were trained and tested on NUAA and Replay-Attack datasets,with cross-dataset generalization validated on SiW-MV2 to assess real-world adaptability.Performance was evaluated using accuracy,precision,recall,FAR,FRR,HTER,and specialized spoof detection metrics(APCER,NPCER,ACER).Fine-tuning significantly improved detection accuracy,with DenseNet201 achieving the highest performance(98.5%on NUAA,97.71%on Replay-Attack),while MobileNetV2 proved the most efficient model for real-time applications(latency:15 ms,memory usage:45 MB,energy consumption:30 mJ).A statistical significance analysis(paired t-tests,confidence intervals)validated these improvements.Cross-dataset experiments identified DenseNet201 and MobileNetV2 as the most generalizable architectures,with DenseNet201 achieving 86.4%accuracy on Replay-Attack when trained on NUAA,demonstrating robust feature extraction and adaptability.In contrast,ResNet50 showed lower generalization capabilities,struggling with dataset variability and complex spoofing attacks.These findings suggest that MobileNetV2 is well-suited for low-power applications,while DenseNet201 is ideal for high-security environments requiring superior accuracy.This research provides a framework for improving real-time face liveness detection,enhancing biometric security,and guiding future advancements in AI-driven anti-spoofing techniques.展开更多
Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited t...Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited training data,imbalance data distribution,and inadequate feature extraction persist,hindering both the segmentation performance and optimal model generalization.Addressing these critical issues,the DEFFA-Unet is proposed featuring an additional encoder to process domain-invariant pre-processed inputs,thereby improving both richer feature encoding and enhanced model generalization.A feature filtering fusion module is developed to ensure the precise feature filtering and robust hybrid feature fusion.In response to the task-specific need for higher precision where false positives are very costly,traditional skip connections are replaced with the attention-guided feature reconstructing fusion module.Additionally,innovative data augmentation and balancing methods are proposed to counter data scarcity and distribution imbalance,further boosting the robustness and generalization of the model.With a comprehensive suite of evaluation metrics,extensive validations on four benchmark datasets(DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and HRF)and an SLO dataset(IOSTAR),demonstrate the proposed method’s superiority over both baseline and state-of-the-art models.Particularly the proposed method significantly outperforms the compared methods in cross-validation model generalization.展开更多
Mingalarpar!On behalf of the Consulate-General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Nanning,I would like to express my sincerest congratulations to CAEXPO on reaching the remarkable milestone of over 20 years—a...Mingalarpar!On behalf of the Consulate-General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Nanning,I would like to express my sincerest congratulations to CAEXPO on reaching the remarkable milestone of over 20 years—an incredible journey filled with numerous achievements.展开更多
The object of this article is to study and develop the generalized fractional calcu- lus operators given by Saigo and Maeda in 1996. We establish generalized fractional calculus formulas involving the product of R-fun...The object of this article is to study and develop the generalized fractional calcu- lus operators given by Saigo and Maeda in 1996. We establish generalized fractional calculus formulas involving the product of R-function, Appell function F3 and a general class of poly- nomials. The results obtained provide unification and extension of the results given by Saxena et al. [13], Srivastava and Grag [17], Srivastava et al. [20], and etc. The results are obtained in compact form and are useful in preparing some tables of operators of fractional calculus. On account of the general nature of the Saigo-Maeda operators, R-function, and a general class of polynomials a large number of new and known results involving Saigo fractional calculus operators and several special functions notably H-function, /-function, Mittag-Leffier function, generalized Wright hypergeometric function, generalized Bessel-Maitland function follow as special cases of our main findings.展开更多
Objective:The study aimed to investigate the effect of relaxation techniques in reducing fear and anxiety in patients in need of general surgery.Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study with a pre-post cont...Objective:The study aimed to investigate the effect of relaxation techniques in reducing fear and anxiety in patients in need of general surgery.Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study with a pre-post control group design was conducted on 120 patients requiring general surgery at Saman Al-Hojjaj Hospital in Sirjan County.Patients were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention group(n=60)and control group(n=60).The intervention group was taught box breathing and progressive muscle relaxation techniques by a senior psychiatric nursing expert for 15-20 min every 4 h until surgery.The control group received routine care for surgery.Data on fear and anxiety outcomes were collected using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Surgical Fear Questionnaire.Results:The intervention group had a mean total fear score of 29.27±12.69 compared to 37.20±16.39 in the control group(P=0.012),with significant reductions in both short-term(13.57±5.93 vs.15.98±8.90;P=0.209,Cohen’s d=0.32)and long-term(15.70±7.19 vs.21.22±9.11;P=0.001,Cohen’s d=0.66)fear components(total fear:P=0.012,Cohen’s d=0.54).The total anxiety score was 91.88±6.28 in the control group and 93.60±3.62 in the intervention group,with trait anxiety significantly reduced in the intervention group(P=0.039,Cohen’s d=0.41)postintervention,but no significant change in state anxiety(P=0.577,Cohen’s d=0.16).Conclusions:Relaxation techniques significantly alleviate preoperative psychological distress,effectively reducing fear and anxiety in general surgery patients.These cost-effective,non-invasive methods enhance recovery and reduce healthcare costs.We recommend training healthcare providers to implement these techniques for optimal patient outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak lasted several months,having started in December 2019.This study aimed to report the impacts of various factors on the depression levels of the general public ...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak lasted several months,having started in December 2019.This study aimed to report the impacts of various factors on the depression levels of the general public and ascertain how emotional measures could be affected by psychosocial factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.AIM To investigate the depression levels of the general public in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS A total of 2001 self-reported questionnaires about Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)were collected on August 22,2022 via the website.Each questionnaire included four levels of depression and other demographic information.The BDI scores and incidences of different depression levels were compared between various groups of respondents.χ2 analysis and the two-tailed t-test were used to assess categorical and continuous data,respectively.Multiple linear regressions and logistic regressions were employed for correlation analysis.RESULTS The averaged BDI score in this study was higher than that for the non-epidemic periods,as reported in previous studies.Even higher BDI scores and incidences of moderate and severe depression were recorded for people who were quarantined for suspected COVID-19 infection,compared to the respondents who were not quarantined.The participants who did not take protective measures were associated with higher BDI scores than those who made efforts to keep themselves relatively safer.Similarly,the people who did not return to work had higher BDI scores compared to those managed to.A significant association existed between the depression levels of the subgroups and each of the factors,except gender and location of residence.However,quarantine was the most relative predictor for depression levels,followed by failure to take preventive measures and losing a partner,either through divorce or death.CONCLUSION Based on these data,psychological interventions for the various subpopulations in the general public can be implemented during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Other countries can also use the data as a reference.展开更多
In this paper,a stochastic framework with a general nonmonotonic response function is formulated to investigate the competition dynamics between two species in a chemostat environment.The model incorporates both white...In this paper,a stochastic framework with a general nonmonotonic response function is formulated to investigate the competition dynamics between two species in a chemostat environment.The model incorporates both white noise and telegraph noise,the latter being described by Markov process.The existence of a unique global positive solution for the stochastic chemostat model is established.Subsequently,by using the ergodic theory of Markov process and utilizing techniques of stochastic analysis,the critical value differentiating between persistence in mean and extinction for the microorganism species is explored.Moreover,the existence of a unique stationary distribution is proved by using stochastic Lyapunov analysis.Finally,numerical simulations are introduced to support the obtained results.展开更多
General anesthesia(GA)is a pharmacologically induced,reversible state characterized by unconsciousness,amnesia,analgesia,and immobility in response to noxious stimuli.Accumulating evidence from animal models has eluci...General anesthesia(GA)is a pharmacologically induced,reversible state characterized by unconsciousness,amnesia,analgesia,and immobility in response to noxious stimuli.Accumulating evidence from animal models has elucidated diverse mechanisms of the action underlying GA,including disruption of large-scale brain network connectivity,regulation of multiple neural pathways,and modulation of specific receptors and ion channels.Despite advances in dissecting the neurobiological basis of anesthetic action,the precise cellular and circuit-level processes remain incompletely understood,limiting the development of safer and more effective strategies.Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster,a genetically tractable model organism offering robust genetic analysis,advanced imaging capabilities,and compact neural architecture,have yielded critical insights into the conserved neurobiological mechanisms of GA,offering translational value for mammalian systems.This review outlines:1)experimental paradigms used to evaluate anesthetic sensitivity and behavioral responses in Drosophila;2)molecular targets and their mechanistic roles in mediating GA;and 3)neural circuit architectures and activity patterns shared by GA and sleep.Cross-species comparisons are integrated to highlight conserved mechanisms that may guide the development of more refined anesthetic strategies.展开更多
Primary healthcare service is the first line of defense to guard the health of the nation,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its characteristics of“simplicity,testing and inexpensiveness,”holistic outlook,an...Primary healthcare service is the first line of defense to guard the health of the nation,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its characteristics of“simplicity,testing and inexpensiveness,”holistic outlook,and the concept of treating the disease before it occurs,has a unique advantage in primary healthcare and a great demand for it.This paper analyzes the core challenges facing the cultivation of general medicine talents in TCM colleges and universities,such as the disconnection between cultivation goals and grassroots,the misalignment between practical ability and grassroots demand,and the lack of career attraction.On this basis,it puts forward a systematic reform path with the core concept of“rooting at the grassroots,highlighting characteristics,and strengthening competence”to cultivate talents that meet grassroots needs,aiming to provide theoretical references for TCM colleges and universities to cultivate excellent TCM talents who are“able to go down to the grassroots,be useful,stay in the field,and have development”,and to provide theoretical reference for the training of excellent TCM talents.The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for Chinese medicine colleges to cultivate excellent Chinese medicine talents who can“get down,use,stay and develop,”and to help the construction of a healthy China.展开更多
The former Vice-President of the International Council of Ophthalmology(ICO).Professor of Ophthalmology Emeritus Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Wilmer Eye Institute,USA.The first Director of the Departmen...The former Vice-President of the International Council of Ophthalmology(ICO).Professor of Ophthalmology Emeritus Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Wilmer Eye Institute,USA.The first Director of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences,The Chinese University of Hong Kong China.The first Director of the Peking University Eye Center,China.展开更多
文摘Heterogeneous catalysis is a complex,multiscale phenomenon in which reactions occur at dynamically evolving surfaces.A longstanding goal is to probe these processes to distill design rules for novel catalytic materials,a capability that is essential to the transition toward a sustainable future[1–3].
基金supported by the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22T01400100-18)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278127 and 12447149)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ZFJH004)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20250159).
文摘Accurate state of health(SOH)estimation is essential for the safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries.However,existing methods face significant challenges,primarily because they rely on complete charge–discharge cycles and fixed-form physical constraints,which limit adaptability to different chemistries and real-world conditions.To address these issues,this study proposes an approach that extracts features from segmented state of charge(SOC)intervals and integrates them into an enhanced physics-informed neural network(PINN).Specifically,voltage data within the 25%–75%SOC range during charging are used to derive statistical,time–frequency,and mechanism-based features that capture degradation trends.A hybrid PINN-Lasso-Transformer-BiLSTM architecture is developed,where Lasso regression enables sparse feature selection,and a nonlinear empirical degradation model is embedded as a learnable physical term within a dynamically scaled composite loss.This design adaptively balances data-driven accuracy with physical consistency,thereby enhancing estimation precision,robustness,and generalization.The results show that the proposed method outperforms conventional neural networks across four battery chemistries,achieving root mean square error and mean absolute error below 1%.Notably,features from partial charging segments exhibit higher robustness than those from full cycles.Furthermore,the model maintains strong performance under high temperatures and demonstrates excellent generalization capacity in transfer learning across chemistries,temperatures,and C-rates.This work establishes a scalable and interpretable solution for accurate SOH estimation under diverse practical operating conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42375153,42105153,42205157)Development of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023KJ038)。
文摘Clouds play an important role in global atmospheric energy and water vapor budgets, and the low cloud simulations suffer from large biases in many atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, cloud microphysical processes such as raindrop evaporation and cloud water accretion in a double-moment six-class cloud microphysics scheme were revised to enhance the simulation of low clouds using the Global-Regional Integrated Forecast System(GRIST)model. The validation of the revised scheme using a single-column version of the GRIST demonstrated a reasonable reduction in liquid water biases. The revised parameterization simulated medium-and low-level cloud fractions that were in better agreement with the observations than the original scheme. Long-term global simulations indicate the mitigation of the originally overestimated low-level cloud fraction and cloud-water mixing ratio in mid-to high-latitude regions,primarily owing to enhanced accretion processes and weakened raindrop evaporation. The reduced low clouds with the revised scheme showed better consistency with satellite observations, particularly at mid-and high-latitudes. Further improvements can be observed in the simulated cloud shortwave radiative forcing and vertical distribution of total cloud cover. Annual precipitation in mid-latitude regions has also improved, particularly over the oceans, with significantly increased large-scale and decreased convective precipitation.
文摘Making full use of the operator ordering method and the integration within ordered products,we obtain the analytical evolution law of a general quadratic state in the amplitude decay channel,and find that it is determined not only by the decay rate of the amplitude decay channel but also by the coefficients of the initial quadratic state.Further,the quantum statistical properties of the initial quadratic state for amplitude decay are investigated via its average photon number and photon-counting distribution,and its Wigner distribution function evolution is discussed in detail.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese MOE Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities(22JJD720022)the Central Universities of Jinan University(Grant No.23JNQMX55).
文摘This study aims to reveal the prototypical argumentative patterns employed in situations where patient distrust arises in China.Based on the quantitative analysis of data from a general social survey,we focus on a distinctive phenomenon that while a majority of Chinese respondents trust the medical profession as a whole,significant distrust exists toward doctors'skills and ethics,particularly among older,urban,and higher income populations.Qualtatively,we employ Generalized Argumentation Theory to analyze Chinese clinical dialogues,identifying three kinds of prototypical argumentative patterns in situations of patient distrust.Methodologically,this article shows the value of combining statistical analysis with goal-oriented Generalized Argumentation research to reconcile the tricky trust phenomenon of Chinese doctor-patient communication.
文摘In Italy,general practitioners(GPs),pivotal figures in the healthcare system,face growing challenges due to limited support and a healthcare system misaligned with modern complexities.1 The capitation model requires them to manage over 1500 patients each,limiting meaningful engagement.The lack of integrated multidisciplinary teams and impending retirements further strains the workforce.To address these issues,the Italian government has launched reforms,such as the National Recovery and Resilience Plan(Mission 6).
文摘The US 2024 general election ended with the Republican Party winning the presidential, House and Senate elections at the same time. In the presidential election, the Republican Party not only won more popular votes in over 90% counties than in the 2020 general election, but also won seven highly contested swing States with greater edges. This also marks the first time since 2004 that the Republican Party has won a relative majority of popular votes in the presidential election.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022QH144).
文摘The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurrence of a traumatic event[1].Fear generalization within the normal range represents an adaptive evolutionary mechanism to facilitate prompt reactions to potential threats and to enhance the likelihood of survival.
基金funded as a junior research group in health services research by the German Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)(funding period:05/2022-04/2027,grant number:01GY2103).
文摘Background and objective The WHO emphasises the importance of integrating advice on physical activity(PA)into primary care of patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease(IHD).Similarly,the German treatment guideline‘Chronic Coronary Heart Disease’recommends that general practitioners(GPs)provide advice on PA to IHD patients.However,the provision of PA advice seems to be inadequately implemented in general practice.One reason is the lack of medical training in providing PA advice effectively and efficiently.International guidelines recommend such training for health professionals.This study aims to explore experiences,perceptions and attitudes,including barriers and facilitators of GPs towards the routine delivery of PA advice to IHD patients.Methods Between March and June 2023,12 face-to-face problem-centred interviews and six focus group discussions(n=37)with GPs were conducted.Interview and discussion guides were developed and pilot tested by the multi-professional study team.We used a purposive sampling strategy,and data were collected in an iterative process.Audio-recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a content structuring procedure(deductive and inductive approach).GPs were involved throughout the entire research process,for example,in multi-professional analysis groups.Results Although GPs are mostly aware of the health benefits of PA for patients with IHD,PA advice is not routinely provided.Conversations on PA tend to be rather unstructured,and advice is often addressed more generally than customised to the patients’needs and preferences.Priority is given to other lifestyle issues,such as smoking cessation.PA advice is perceived as time-consuming and rather ineffective with regard to the target behaviour.GPs frequently express frustration in this context.GPs express a lack of and simultaneously a need for communication strategies(structure and tools)that can be integrated into everyday GP practice to motivate patients to PA.Conclusion The results provide relevant insights into the current practice of GPs with regard to their attitudes on,experiences with,and requirements for the provision of PA advice to IHD patients.These results are helpful to inform the development of appropriate GP training in the provision of very brief PA advice to IHD patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.METHODS In this retrospective study,94 patients scheduled for laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia,admitted to Yiwu Central Hospital between May 2022 and May 2023,were divided into a control group(inhalation combined general anesthesia)and a treatment group(dexmedetomidine-assisted intrave-nous-inhalation combined general anesthesia).Perioperative indicators,analgesic effect,preoperative and postoperative 24-hours blood pressure(BP)and heart rate(HR),stress indicators,immune function levels,and adverse reactions were com-pared between the two groups.RESULTS Baseline data,including age,hernia location,place of residence,weight,monthly income,education level,and underlying diseases,were not significantly different between the two groups,indicating comparability(P>0.05).No significant difference was found in operation time and anesthesia time between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the treatment group exhibited a shorter postoperative urinary catheter removal time and hospital stay than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperatively,no significant differences were found in the visual analog scale(VAS)scores between the two groups(P>0.05).However,at 12,18,and 24 hours postoper-atively,the treatment group had significantly lower VAS scores than the control group(P<0.05).Although no significant differences in preoperative hemodynamic indicators were found between the two groups(P>0.05),both groups experienced some extent of changes in postoperative HR,diastolic BP(DBP),and systolic BP(SBP).Nevertheless,the treatment group showed smaller changes in HR,DBP,and SBP than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperative immune function indicators showed no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).However,postoperatively,the treatment group demonstrated higher levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+and lower levels of CD8+than the control group(P<0.05).The rates of adverse reactions were 6.38%and 23.40%in the treatment and control groups,respectively,revealing a significant difference(χ2=5.371,P=0.020).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia can promote early recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.It ensures stable blood flow,improves postoperative analgesic effects,reduces postoperative pain intensity,alleviates stress response,improves immune function,facilitates anesthesia recovery,and enhances safety.
基金funded by Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS),Faculty of Engineering and IT,University of Technology Sydney.Moreover,Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-14)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,under Project ORF-2025-。
文摘Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN models—DenseNet201,VGG16,InceptionV3,ResNet50,VGG19,MobileNetV2,Xception,and InceptionResNetV2—leveraging transfer learning and fine-tuning to enhance liveness detection performance.The models were trained and tested on NUAA and Replay-Attack datasets,with cross-dataset generalization validated on SiW-MV2 to assess real-world adaptability.Performance was evaluated using accuracy,precision,recall,FAR,FRR,HTER,and specialized spoof detection metrics(APCER,NPCER,ACER).Fine-tuning significantly improved detection accuracy,with DenseNet201 achieving the highest performance(98.5%on NUAA,97.71%on Replay-Attack),while MobileNetV2 proved the most efficient model for real-time applications(latency:15 ms,memory usage:45 MB,energy consumption:30 mJ).A statistical significance analysis(paired t-tests,confidence intervals)validated these improvements.Cross-dataset experiments identified DenseNet201 and MobileNetV2 as the most generalizable architectures,with DenseNet201 achieving 86.4%accuracy on Replay-Attack when trained on NUAA,demonstrating robust feature extraction and adaptability.In contrast,ResNet50 showed lower generalization capabilities,struggling with dataset variability and complex spoofing attacks.These findings suggest that MobileNetV2 is well-suited for low-power applications,while DenseNet201 is ideal for high-security environments requiring superior accuracy.This research provides a framework for improving real-time face liveness detection,enhancing biometric security,and guiding future advancements in AI-driven anti-spoofing techniques.
文摘Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited training data,imbalance data distribution,and inadequate feature extraction persist,hindering both the segmentation performance and optimal model generalization.Addressing these critical issues,the DEFFA-Unet is proposed featuring an additional encoder to process domain-invariant pre-processed inputs,thereby improving both richer feature encoding and enhanced model generalization.A feature filtering fusion module is developed to ensure the precise feature filtering and robust hybrid feature fusion.In response to the task-specific need for higher precision where false positives are very costly,traditional skip connections are replaced with the attention-guided feature reconstructing fusion module.Additionally,innovative data augmentation and balancing methods are proposed to counter data scarcity and distribution imbalance,further boosting the robustness and generalization of the model.With a comprehensive suite of evaluation metrics,extensive validations on four benchmark datasets(DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and HRF)and an SLO dataset(IOSTAR),demonstrate the proposed method’s superiority over both baseline and state-of-the-art models.Particularly the proposed method significantly outperforms the compared methods in cross-validation model generalization.
文摘Mingalarpar!On behalf of the Consulate-General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Nanning,I would like to express my sincerest congratulations to CAEXPO on reaching the remarkable milestone of over 20 years—an incredible journey filled with numerous achievements.
基金NBHM Department of Atomic Energy,Government of India,Mumbai for the finanicai assistance under PDF sanction no.2/40(37)/2014/R&D-II/14131
文摘The object of this article is to study and develop the generalized fractional calcu- lus operators given by Saigo and Maeda in 1996. We establish generalized fractional calculus formulas involving the product of R-function, Appell function F3 and a general class of poly- nomials. The results obtained provide unification and extension of the results given by Saxena et al. [13], Srivastava and Grag [17], Srivastava et al. [20], and etc. The results are obtained in compact form and are useful in preparing some tables of operators of fractional calculus. On account of the general nature of the Saigo-Maeda operators, R-function, and a general class of polynomials a large number of new and known results involving Saigo fractional calculus operators and several special functions notably H-function, /-function, Mittag-Leffier function, generalized Wright hypergeometric function, generalized Bessel-Maitland function follow as special cases of our main findings.
基金funded by Sirjan Medical Sciences Faculty,Sirjan,Iran.(Project code:402000018).
文摘Objective:The study aimed to investigate the effect of relaxation techniques in reducing fear and anxiety in patients in need of general surgery.Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study with a pre-post control group design was conducted on 120 patients requiring general surgery at Saman Al-Hojjaj Hospital in Sirjan County.Patients were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention group(n=60)and control group(n=60).The intervention group was taught box breathing and progressive muscle relaxation techniques by a senior psychiatric nursing expert for 15-20 min every 4 h until surgery.The control group received routine care for surgery.Data on fear and anxiety outcomes were collected using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Surgical Fear Questionnaire.Results:The intervention group had a mean total fear score of 29.27±12.69 compared to 37.20±16.39 in the control group(P=0.012),with significant reductions in both short-term(13.57±5.93 vs.15.98±8.90;P=0.209,Cohen’s d=0.32)and long-term(15.70±7.19 vs.21.22±9.11;P=0.001,Cohen’s d=0.66)fear components(total fear:P=0.012,Cohen’s d=0.54).The total anxiety score was 91.88±6.28 in the control group and 93.60±3.62 in the intervention group,with trait anxiety significantly reduced in the intervention group(P=0.039,Cohen’s d=0.41)postintervention,but no significant change in state anxiety(P=0.577,Cohen’s d=0.16).Conclusions:Relaxation techniques significantly alleviate preoperative psychological distress,effectively reducing fear and anxiety in general surgery patients.These cost-effective,non-invasive methods enhance recovery and reduce healthcare costs.We recommend training healthcare providers to implement these techniques for optimal patient outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak lasted several months,having started in December 2019.This study aimed to report the impacts of various factors on the depression levels of the general public and ascertain how emotional measures could be affected by psychosocial factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.AIM To investigate the depression levels of the general public in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS A total of 2001 self-reported questionnaires about Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)were collected on August 22,2022 via the website.Each questionnaire included four levels of depression and other demographic information.The BDI scores and incidences of different depression levels were compared between various groups of respondents.χ2 analysis and the two-tailed t-test were used to assess categorical and continuous data,respectively.Multiple linear regressions and logistic regressions were employed for correlation analysis.RESULTS The averaged BDI score in this study was higher than that for the non-epidemic periods,as reported in previous studies.Even higher BDI scores and incidences of moderate and severe depression were recorded for people who were quarantined for suspected COVID-19 infection,compared to the respondents who were not quarantined.The participants who did not take protective measures were associated with higher BDI scores than those who made efforts to keep themselves relatively safer.Similarly,the people who did not return to work had higher BDI scores compared to those managed to.A significant association existed between the depression levels of the subgroups and each of the factors,except gender and location of residence.However,quarantine was the most relative predictor for depression levels,followed by failure to take preventive measures and losing a partner,either through divorce or death.CONCLUSION Based on these data,psychological interventions for the various subpopulations in the general public can be implemented during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Other countries can also use the data as a reference.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,P.R.China(No.BK20220553)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742955)Z.Qiu's work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12071217).
文摘In this paper,a stochastic framework with a general nonmonotonic response function is formulated to investigate the competition dynamics between two species in a chemostat environment.The model incorporates both white noise and telegraph noise,the latter being described by Markov process.The existence of a unique global positive solution for the stochastic chemostat model is established.Subsequently,by using the ergodic theory of Markov process and utilizing techniques of stochastic analysis,the critical value differentiating between persistence in mean and extinction for the microorganism species is explored.Moreover,the existence of a unique stationary distribution is proved by using stochastic Lyapunov analysis.Finally,numerical simulations are introduced to support the obtained results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371063,82341288,32071009)to C.L.Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011500)to C.L.
文摘General anesthesia(GA)is a pharmacologically induced,reversible state characterized by unconsciousness,amnesia,analgesia,and immobility in response to noxious stimuli.Accumulating evidence from animal models has elucidated diverse mechanisms of the action underlying GA,including disruption of large-scale brain network connectivity,regulation of multiple neural pathways,and modulation of specific receptors and ion channels.Despite advances in dissecting the neurobiological basis of anesthetic action,the precise cellular and circuit-level processes remain incompletely understood,limiting the development of safer and more effective strategies.Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster,a genetically tractable model organism offering robust genetic analysis,advanced imaging capabilities,and compact neural architecture,have yielded critical insights into the conserved neurobiological mechanisms of GA,offering translational value for mammalian systems.This review outlines:1)experimental paradigms used to evaluate anesthetic sensitivity and behavioral responses in Drosophila;2)molecular targets and their mechanistic roles in mediating GA;and 3)neural circuit architectures and activity patterns shared by GA and sleep.Cross-species comparisons are integrated to highlight conserved mechanisms that may guide the development of more refined anesthetic strategies.
文摘Primary healthcare service is the first line of defense to guard the health of the nation,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its characteristics of“simplicity,testing and inexpensiveness,”holistic outlook,and the concept of treating the disease before it occurs,has a unique advantage in primary healthcare and a great demand for it.This paper analyzes the core challenges facing the cultivation of general medicine talents in TCM colleges and universities,such as the disconnection between cultivation goals and grassroots,the misalignment between practical ability and grassroots demand,and the lack of career attraction.On this basis,it puts forward a systematic reform path with the core concept of“rooting at the grassroots,highlighting characteristics,and strengthening competence”to cultivate talents that meet grassroots needs,aiming to provide theoretical references for TCM colleges and universities to cultivate excellent TCM talents who are“able to go down to the grassroots,be useful,stay in the field,and have development”,and to provide theoretical reference for the training of excellent TCM talents.The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for Chinese medicine colleges to cultivate excellent Chinese medicine talents who can“get down,use,stay and develop,”and to help the construction of a healthy China.
文摘The former Vice-President of the International Council of Ophthalmology(ICO).Professor of Ophthalmology Emeritus Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Wilmer Eye Institute,USA.The first Director of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences,The Chinese University of Hong Kong China.The first Director of the Peking University Eye Center,China.
