Globally, traditional power systems are rapidly transforming towards the adoption of smart grid platforms. Substations which are at the center of the electric power transformation from the power plant are changing to ...Globally, traditional power systems are rapidly transforming towards the adoption of smart grid platforms. Substations which are at the center of the electric power transformation from the power plant are changing to IEC 61850 based digital substations. Therefore, within substation, there is a growing demand for the IEC 61850 based Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The operation of multiple manufacturers of IEDs in a single digital substation network increases the need for IEC 61850 communications specification conformance diagnosis to ensure interoperability for efficient data exchange between IEDs. The IEC 61850-10 presents test items for diagnosing communication specification conformance. There are many test tools available in the market today to test the compliance of the IEC 61850 communications specifications to the IED. In this paper, we propose a model-based diagnostic method for IED communication conformance testing. The proposed model-based software therefore uses the “drag and drop” technique to select the various IEC 61850 communication services (objects) required to design the test case in a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). This makes the service conformance testing more flexible for test engineers and system integrators especially in situations that require test case modifications. Also, the proposed software tool makes it easy to understand the various IEC 61850 services using the friendly GUI.展开更多
In this paper, a conformance test platform is built for intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) from different manufacturers based on IEC 61850 communication protocol. A conformance test of time delay of message transmi...In this paper, a conformance test platform is built for intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) from different manufacturers based on IEC 61850 communication protocol. A conformance test of time delay of message transmission between two IEDs, made by the same or different manufacturers, is performed. The conformance test platform, as well as the test results provide a helpful reference for IEC 61850 implementation.展开更多
The session initiation protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol for Internet telephony, multimedia conferencing, presence, event notification, and instant messaging. With the gaining popularity, more and more SIP implem...The session initiation protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol for Internet telephony, multimedia conferencing, presence, event notification, and instant messaging. With the gaining popularity, more and more SIP implementations have been developed and deployed. How to guarantee the conformance of those SIP implementations is the key point of interconnection and interoperation among them. This paper proposes the test method and architecture for the SIP protocol based on the IPv6 tester system. Tree and tabular combined notation (TTCN-2) is adopted to describe the test suite. With an enhanced reference implementation, the data-processing ability to the original test system has been greatly improved. In the following test practices, some errors have been found in the SIP entities under test. It is proved that the proposed test method and architecture are effective to verify the conformance of the SIP entities, and the result of the conformance test may provide helpful reference to the development of SIP products.展开更多
We present a method of generating test cases from the software specifications which are modeled by nondeterministic finite state machines. It is applicable to both nondeterministic and deterministic finite state mach...We present a method of generating test cases from the software specifications which are modeled by nondeterministic finite state machines. It is applicable to both nondeterministic and deterministic finite state machines. When applied to deterministic machines, this method yields usually smaller test suites with full fault coverage than the existing methods that also assure full fault coverage. In particular, the proposed mehod can be used to test the control portion of software specified in the formalspecification languages SDL or ESTELLE.展开更多
Exchanging simulation models is currently of utmost importance.To improve interoperability between suppliers and original equipment manufacturers(OEMs),the functional mock-up interface(FMI)is exchanged in a standard f...Exchanging simulation models is currently of utmost importance.To improve interoperability between suppliers and original equipment manufacturers(OEMs),the functional mock-up interface(FMI)is exchanged in a standard format called functional mock-up unit(FMU).Since its first release,many simulation tools took the initiative to support FMI.However,since then,there have been many complaints stating that exchanging models via FMI does not work as stable as expected.The reason usually turned out to be the implementation of tool vendors that sometimes fail to comply with the standard fully.This paper introduces a methodology for testing FMI compliance of importing simulation tools using a set of reference FMUs.The standard defines the implementation of FMI functions calling sequence in a state machine.Therefore,conformance testing(also called fault detection)from automata theory is utilized to produce reference FMUs based on the FMI state-machine.展开更多
This paper describes the ISUP (ISDN User Part of CCSS7) conformance testing theory and method according to CCITT and China national standards, and presents a successful ISUP protocol conformance testing system in detail.
目的确保物品包装上的超高频射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)标签一致性关键指标符合相关标准,解决现有文献对一致性关键指标阐述不全面的问题,基于ISO/IEC 18000-63和ISO/IEC 18047-63对一致性关键指标的测试方法展开...目的确保物品包装上的超高频射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)标签一致性关键指标符合相关标准,解决现有文献对一致性关键指标阐述不全面的问题,基于ISO/IEC 18000-63和ISO/IEC 18047-63对一致性关键指标的测试方法展开研究。方法在对现有一致性测试方法进行研究阐述的基础上,改进了状态跳转和截断响应的测试方法,提升了测试准确性;设计了一种时隙计数器测试方法,该方法通过改变Q值和重复发送QueryRep命令,验证时隙计数器在非0到0的变化过程中,标签有且仅有一次响应,从而避免出现多个标签同时应答的现象。结果应用改进及新设计的测试方法对指定标签进行测试,结果符合标准。结论较为全面地实现了对RFID标签的客观验证和有效评估,对提升RFID标签在实际应用中的可靠性具有重要意义。展开更多
The objective of conformance testing is to determine whether an implementation under test (IUT) conforms to its specification. In distributed test architecture where there are multiple remote testers, the objective ca...The objective of conformance testing is to determine whether an implementation under test (IUT) conforms to its specification. In distributed test architecture where there are multiple remote testers, the objective can be complicated by the fact that testers may encounter controllability and observability problems during the application of a test sequence. A certain amount of work has been done in the area of generating test sequence that is free from these problems. However, few researchers investigate them from the aspect of test execution. This work studies the test execution phase when test sequences are applied to the imple- mentation and it is pointed out that controllability and observability problems can be resolved if and only if the test system im- plements some timing constraints. When determining these constraints, the dynamic time information during test is taken into account, which reduces the test execution time and improves test efficiency further.展开更多
Formal methods for test sequence generation from FSM have been studied widely andthoroughly,but most real communication systems can only be modeled as EFSM exactly.Data portion in EFSM brings difficulties for test sui...Formal methods for test sequence generation from FSM have been studied widely andthoroughly,but most real communication systems can only be modeled as EFSM exactly.Data portion in EFSM brings difficulties for test suite generation.In this paper,the strategyof generating test suite from protocols modelled as EFSM is presented.This strategy consid-ers testing of both the control portion and data portion of protocols.A software,the testsuite generation system(TSGS)based on above strategy,is introduced.展开更多
This paper rejuvenates the notion of conformance testing in order to assess the security of networks. It leverages the Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN-3) by applying it to a redefined notion of <i...This paper rejuvenates the notion of conformance testing in order to assess the security of networks. It leverages the Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN-3) by applying it to a redefined notion of <i>System under Test</i> (<i>SUT</i>). Instead of testing, as it is classically done, a software/firmware/ hardware element, an intangible object, namely the network, is tested in order to infer some of its security properties. After a brief introduction of TTCN-3 and Titan, its compilation and execution environment, a couple of use cases are provided to illustrate the feasibility of the approach. The pros and cons of using TTCN-3 to implement a scalable and flexible network testing environment are discussed.展开更多
在EtherCAT从站解决方案的开发过程中,进行一致性测试是确保从站符合EtherCAT规范的关键步骤。尽管EtherCAT技术集团(EtherCAT Technology Group,ETG)提供了一致性测试工具CTT(Consistency Test Tool),但其高昂的成本对于预算有限且项...在EtherCAT从站解决方案的开发过程中,进行一致性测试是确保从站符合EtherCAT规范的关键步骤。尽管EtherCAT技术集团(EtherCAT Technology Group,ETG)提供了一致性测试工具CTT(Consistency Test Tool),但其高昂的成本对于预算有限且项目开发周期较长的团队而言构成了较重的负担。为了解决此问题,基于开源EtherCAT主站SOEM(Simple Open EtherCAT Master)框架,设计并实现了一个低成本的EtherCAT一致性测试平台。该平台借鉴CTT的测试标准,自动化实现了CTT的部分核心功能,包括从站信息接口(Slave Information Interface,SII)EEPROM相关内容测试、对象字典一致性测试、状态机测试和邮箱配置测试等。通过实际应用测试,该程序能够准确反映测试结果,有效简化了手动比对从站描述(EtherCAT Slave Information,ESI)文件和从站信息的繁琐流程,并能够准确地识别并反馈从站配置中的问题,为EtherCAT从站的开发提供了一种经济高效的测试替代方案。展开更多
文摘Globally, traditional power systems are rapidly transforming towards the adoption of smart grid platforms. Substations which are at the center of the electric power transformation from the power plant are changing to IEC 61850 based digital substations. Therefore, within substation, there is a growing demand for the IEC 61850 based Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The operation of multiple manufacturers of IEDs in a single digital substation network increases the need for IEC 61850 communications specification conformance diagnosis to ensure interoperability for efficient data exchange between IEDs. The IEC 61850-10 presents test items for diagnosing communication specification conformance. There are many test tools available in the market today to test the compliance of the IEC 61850 communications specifications to the IED. In this paper, we propose a model-based diagnostic method for IED communication conformance testing. The proposed model-based software therefore uses the “drag and drop” technique to select the various IEC 61850 communication services (objects) required to design the test case in a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). This makes the service conformance testing more flexible for test engineers and system integrators especially in situations that require test case modifications. Also, the proposed software tool makes it easy to understand the various IEC 61850 services using the friendly GUI.
文摘In this paper, a conformance test platform is built for intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) from different manufacturers based on IEC 61850 communication protocol. A conformance test of time delay of message transmission between two IEDs, made by the same or different manufacturers, is performed. The conformance test platform, as well as the test results provide a helpful reference for IEC 61850 implementation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60572082)
文摘The session initiation protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol for Internet telephony, multimedia conferencing, presence, event notification, and instant messaging. With the gaining popularity, more and more SIP implementations have been developed and deployed. How to guarantee the conformance of those SIP implementations is the key point of interconnection and interoperation among them. This paper proposes the test method and architecture for the SIP protocol based on the IPv6 tester system. Tree and tabular combined notation (TTCN-2) is adopted to describe the test suite. With an enhanced reference implementation, the data-processing ability to the original test system has been greatly improved. In the following test practices, some errors have been found in the SIP entities under test. It is proved that the proposed test method and architecture are effective to verify the conformance of the SIP entities, and the result of the conformance test may provide helpful reference to the development of SIP products.
文摘We present a method of generating test cases from the software specifications which are modeled by nondeterministic finite state machines. It is applicable to both nondeterministic and deterministic finite state machines. When applied to deterministic machines, this method yields usually smaller test suites with full fault coverage than the existing methods that also assure full fault coverage. In particular, the proposed mehod can be used to test the control portion of software specified in the formalspecification languages SDL or ESTELLE.
文摘Exchanging simulation models is currently of utmost importance.To improve interoperability between suppliers and original equipment manufacturers(OEMs),the functional mock-up interface(FMI)is exchanged in a standard format called functional mock-up unit(FMU).Since its first release,many simulation tools took the initiative to support FMI.However,since then,there have been many complaints stating that exchanging models via FMI does not work as stable as expected.The reason usually turned out to be the implementation of tool vendors that sometimes fail to comply with the standard fully.This paper introduces a methodology for testing FMI compliance of importing simulation tools using a set of reference FMUs.The standard defines the implementation of FMI functions calling sequence in a state machine.Therefore,conformance testing(also called fault detection)from automata theory is utilized to produce reference FMUs based on the FMI state-machine.
文摘This paper describes the ISUP (ISDN User Part of CCSS7) conformance testing theory and method according to CCITT and China national standards, and presents a successful ISUP protocol conformance testing system in detail.
文摘目的确保物品包装上的超高频射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)标签一致性关键指标符合相关标准,解决现有文献对一致性关键指标阐述不全面的问题,基于ISO/IEC 18000-63和ISO/IEC 18047-63对一致性关键指标的测试方法展开研究。方法在对现有一致性测试方法进行研究阐述的基础上,改进了状态跳转和截断响应的测试方法,提升了测试准确性;设计了一种时隙计数器测试方法,该方法通过改变Q值和重复发送QueryRep命令,验证时隙计数器在非0到0的变化过程中,标签有且仅有一次响应,从而避免出现多个标签同时应答的现象。结果应用改进及新设计的测试方法对指定标签进行测试,结果符合标准。结论较为全面地实现了对RFID标签的客观验证和有效评估,对提升RFID标签在实际应用中的可靠性具有重要意义。
文摘The objective of conformance testing is to determine whether an implementation under test (IUT) conforms to its specification. In distributed test architecture where there are multiple remote testers, the objective can be complicated by the fact that testers may encounter controllability and observability problems during the application of a test sequence. A certain amount of work has been done in the area of generating test sequence that is free from these problems. However, few researchers investigate them from the aspect of test execution. This work studies the test execution phase when test sequences are applied to the imple- mentation and it is pointed out that controllability and observability problems can be resolved if and only if the test system im- plements some timing constraints. When determining these constraints, the dynamic time information during test is taken into account, which reduces the test execution time and improves test efficiency further.
基金Sponsored by Natural Sclence Foundation of China.
文摘Formal methods for test sequence generation from FSM have been studied widely andthoroughly,but most real communication systems can only be modeled as EFSM exactly.Data portion in EFSM brings difficulties for test suite generation.In this paper,the strategyof generating test suite from protocols modelled as EFSM is presented.This strategy consid-ers testing of both the control portion and data portion of protocols.A software,the testsuite generation system(TSGS)based on above strategy,is introduced.
文摘This paper rejuvenates the notion of conformance testing in order to assess the security of networks. It leverages the Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN-3) by applying it to a redefined notion of <i>System under Test</i> (<i>SUT</i>). Instead of testing, as it is classically done, a software/firmware/ hardware element, an intangible object, namely the network, is tested in order to infer some of its security properties. After a brief introduction of TTCN-3 and Titan, its compilation and execution environment, a couple of use cases are provided to illustrate the feasibility of the approach. The pros and cons of using TTCN-3 to implement a scalable and flexible network testing environment are discussed.
文摘在EtherCAT从站解决方案的开发过程中,进行一致性测试是确保从站符合EtherCAT规范的关键步骤。尽管EtherCAT技术集团(EtherCAT Technology Group,ETG)提供了一致性测试工具CTT(Consistency Test Tool),但其高昂的成本对于预算有限且项目开发周期较长的团队而言构成了较重的负担。为了解决此问题,基于开源EtherCAT主站SOEM(Simple Open EtherCAT Master)框架,设计并实现了一个低成本的EtherCAT一致性测试平台。该平台借鉴CTT的测试标准,自动化实现了CTT的部分核心功能,包括从站信息接口(Slave Information Interface,SII)EEPROM相关内容测试、对象字典一致性测试、状态机测试和邮箱配置测试等。通过实际应用测试,该程序能够准确反映测试结果,有效简化了手动比对从站描述(EtherCAT Slave Information,ESI)文件和从站信息的繁琐流程,并能够准确地识别并反馈从站配置中的问题,为EtherCAT从站的开发提供了一种经济高效的测试替代方案。
