Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)oil has been gaining increasing attention due to its nutritional and functional potentials.Krill oil usually contains a high concentration(about 50%)of phospholipids(AKOP)rich in DHA ...Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)oil has been gaining increasing attention due to its nutritional and functional potentials.Krill oil usually contains a high concentration(about 50%)of phospholipids(AKOP)rich in DHA and EPA accompanied with 30%–40%triacylglycerols.Phospholipids can be made into liposomes without emulsifiers due to its amphiphilic characteristics.However,the absorption kinetics of AKOP liposome in vivo is not clear,which restrict the molecular mechanism analysis related to its distinct bioactivities.The lipid analysis in serum,small intestinal content and wall was carried out after oral administration of AKOP liposome to illustrate its absorption kinetics in blood and the digestive tract of healthy mice by single gavage.The major type of the obtained AKOP was phosphatidylcholine,and the total contents of the DHA and EPA were 29.31%.AKOP liposome was almost completely digested in the small intestine in 1 h and the hydrolysis products could be quickly absorbed by intestinal enterocytes.The DHA in serum peaked at 2 h after administration of AKOP liposome.AKOP liposome could be quickly digested and absorbed in vivo.The obtained results might provide a scientific basis for the molecular mechanism analysis related to distinct bioactivities of Antarctic krill oil phospholipid.展开更多
The peritrophic membrane plays an important role in the defense system of the arthropod gut. The digestive tract is considered one of the major tissues targeted by white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） in shrimp. In this...The peritrophic membrane plays an important role in the defense system of the arthropod gut. The digestive tract is considered one of the major tissues targeted by white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） in shrimp. In this study, the nucleotide sequence encoding peritrophin-like protein of Litopenaeus vannamei （LvPT） was amplified from a yeast two-hybrid library of L. vannamei. The epitope peptide of LvPT was predicted with the GenScript OptimumAntigenTM design tool. An anti-LvPT polyclonal antibody was produced and shown to specifically bind a band at -27 kDa, identified as LvPT. The LvPT protein was expressed and its concentration determined. LvPT dsRNA （4 pg per shrimp） was used to inhibit LvPT expression in shrimp, and a WSSV challenge experiment was then performed with reverse gavage. The pleopods, stomachs, and guts were collected from the shrimp at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection （hpi）. Viral load quantification showed that the levels of WSSV were significantly lower in the pleopods, stomachs, and guts of shrimp after LvPT dsRNA interference than in those of the controls at 48 and 72 hpi. Our results imply that LvPT plays an important role during WSSV infection of the digestive tract.展开更多
A great deal of attention has been focused on the potential health benefits of using rice bran oil because it is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD) is a byproduct obtaine...A great deal of attention has been focused on the potential health benefits of using rice bran oil because it is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD) is a byproduct obtained from distillation of rice bran oil. Elevated plasma cholesterol level is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tocols (tocopherols + tocotrienols) rich fraction isolated from RBODD on plasma and liver lipid concentrations in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly assigned into three groups: normal fat control (NFC), high fat control (HFC) and high fat diet plus tocols rich fraction (RBODD). RBODD was administered daily for 3 weeks by oral gavage using 5% of Tween-80 as a vehicle. The rats in the control groups received 5% of Tween-80 alone in the same manner. Blood samples and livers were collected at the end of the feeding period. RBODD group had significantly lower plasma triglyceride levels compared to the HFC group (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes for plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found in RBODD compared with HFC. Compared to the rat fed HFC, hepatic free fatty acids were significantly reduced in the rats with the RBODD treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the tocols rich fraction isolated from RBODD is associated with decreased plasma triglyceride and hepatic free fatty acids concentrations. Further study is needed to investigate the mechanism and optimal dose by which isomers of tocols lower triglyceride concentrations.展开更多
Pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of streptomycin sulfate (STR) are important in the determination of optimal dosage regimens and in establishing safe withdrawal periods in farmed fishes. The pharmacokinetics o...Pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of streptomycin sulfate (STR) are important in the determination of optimal dosage regimens and in establishing safe withdrawal periods in farmed fishes. The pharmacokinetics of STR was studied after a single dose (50 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in freshwater at 25°C. Eight fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. Plasma and muscle were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with 0.05 μg/ml detection limit. The data of pharmacokinetics conformed to the two-compartment open model for intramuscular and one-compartment open model for oral administrations. After intramuscular administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2β) was calculated to be 11.346 h, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) to be 29.524 μg/ml, the time to peak plasma streptomycin concentration (Tmax) to be 0.218 h, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) to be 90.206 μg/ml?h. Following p.o. administration, the corresponding estimates were 13.239 h, 0.346 μg/ml, 11.960 h, and 12.356 μg/ml?h. After intramuscular administration, a therapeutic concentration of the drug was maintained for 12 hours in the plasma, however, a therapeutic level could not be achieved after oral administration, and the results suggest that the drug can be used clinically by intramuscular administration against streptomycin susceptible systemic infections in Japanese eel.展开更多
AIM To investigat the influence of hemochromatosis gene(Hfe) mutation on ^(59)Fe labelled duodenal heme absorption in mice.METHODS Heme absorption was measured in Hfe wild type and Hfe^((-/-)) mice by the duodenal tie...AIM To investigat the influence of hemochromatosis gene(Hfe) mutation on ^(59)Fe labelled duodenal heme absorption in mice.METHODS Heme absorption was measured in Hfe wild type and Hfe^((-/-)) mice by the duodenal tied loop and by oral gavage methods. The m RNA expression of heme oxygenase(HO-1), Abcg2 and Flvcr1 genes and levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS Heme absorption was significantly increased in homozygous Hfe^((-/-)) mice despite significant hepatic and splenic iron overload. While duodenal HO-1 mRNA was highly expressed in the wild type and Hfe^((-/-)) heme-treated group following 24 h heme administration, Flvcr1 a mRNA decreased. However, Abcg2 mRNA expression levels in duodenum remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Heme absorption was enhanced in Hfe^((-/-)) mice from both duodenal tied-loop segments and by oral gavage methods. HO-1 m RNA levels were enhanced in mice duodenum after 24 h of heme feeding and may account for enhanced heme absorption in Hfe^((-/-)) mice. Implications for dietary recommendations on heme intake by Hfe subjects to modulate iron loading are important clinical considerations.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has become a major global public health problem,and its occurrence is associated with adverse environmental exposures during development.In this study,we ...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has become a major global public health problem,and its occurrence is associated with adverse environmental exposures during development.In this study,we investigated the impact of the use of prednisone(a synthetic glucocorticoid drug)during pregnancy on susceptibility to MASLD in offspring and explored its potential therapeutic targets.Pregnant rodents were administered clinically equivalent doses of prednisone daily by oral gavage during gestation days(GDs)0-20 in rats and GD0-18 mice,and their offspring were fed a high-fat diet from postnatal weeks 8-12.The results showed that prenatal prednisone exposure(PPE)led to reduced hepatic glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in offspring rats prenatally and postnatally and that the offspring developed more severe MASLD when fed a high-fat diet,with males exhibiting greater severity than females.Consistent findings were observed in PPE adult offspring mice.RNA-seq and experimental results revealed that hepatic Serpina3c expression was consistently reduced in PPE offspring before and after birth,which led to an increase in chymase-Ang II production and subsequent activation of its receptor AT1R,leading to MASLD susceptibility.In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the programming of low Serpina3c expression was associated with reduced H3K27ac levels in the gene promoter region of Serpina3c caused by the activation of GR-HDAC3 signaling by the active metabolite prednisolone.Finally,postnatal high expression of hepatic Serpina3c reversed the activation of the chymase-Ang II-AT1R pathway and significantly ameliorated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction and MASLD susceptibility in PPE offspring.In summary,this study reveals MASLD susceptibility in offspring induced by PPE and identifies Serpina3c as a target for the prevention and treatment of MASLD susceptibility.展开更多
Lactational feed intake(LFI)is important for the efficiency of sow production.Previous studies indicated that the gut microbiota participated in host appetite regulation.The role of the gut microbiota,especially Lacto...Lactational feed intake(LFI)is important for the efficiency of sow production.Previous studies indicated that the gut microbiota participated in host appetite regulation.The role of the gut microbiota,especially Lactobacillus mucosae LM1 and Lactobacillus amylovorus in LFI regulation of sows was proved in the previous study.However,it is unclear whether and how L.mucosae and L.amylovorus affect feed intake.Forty-nine sows with similar backfat thickness(15.81±0.31 mm),parity(3.36±0.16),and initial litter size(10.08±0.10)were used in the current study.They were stratified into high(H group;LFI=6.37±0.10 kg/d,n=26)and low LFI(L group;LFI=4.85±0.15 kg/d,n=23)groups.The performance data and fresh feces samples were collected.The differences in the gut microbiota of sows were analyzed.On d 110 of gestation,the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria(P<0.05)and the concentration of fecal endotoxin(P=0.032)were lower in H group sows than in L group sows,while L.mucosae(P=0.021)was the dominant strain in high LFI sows.Three strains,L.mucosae(L.M),L.amylovorus 1(L.A1)and L.amylovorus 2(L.A2),from the feces of high LFI sows on d 7 of lactation were isolated.Whole genome sequencing results showed these strains had probiotic properties.Then,50 piglets(the commercial pig offspring from a three-way cross between Landrace×York gilts and Duroc boars)at 28 d of age(initial body weight=7.38±0.26 kg)and 32 germ-free(GF)mice at 28 d of age(initial body weight=13.45±0.77 g)were used as models to verify the role and mechanism of dominant strains in host feeding regulation.Two gavage experiments confirmed that these strains of Lactobacillus reduced plasma or colon pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations(P<0.05).These strains of Lactobacillus increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)concentration in both animals and decreased the number of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor(GLP-1r)positive cells in the colon of GF mice(P<0.05).Taken together,these findings suggested that these strains from high LFI sows improved in host feeding regulation by increasing the GLP-1 level to lower the inflammation level when reducing the number of GLP-1r positive cells to inhibit the GLP-1 activation on the satiety pathway.These results would provide novel information to enhance the feed intake of sows during lactation and even treat anorexia.展开更多
文摘Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)oil has been gaining increasing attention due to its nutritional and functional potentials.Krill oil usually contains a high concentration(about 50%)of phospholipids(AKOP)rich in DHA and EPA accompanied with 30%–40%triacylglycerols.Phospholipids can be made into liposomes without emulsifiers due to its amphiphilic characteristics.However,the absorption kinetics of AKOP liposome in vivo is not clear,which restrict the molecular mechanism analysis related to its distinct bioactivities.The lipid analysis in serum,small intestinal content and wall was carried out after oral administration of AKOP liposome to illustrate its absorption kinetics in blood and the digestive tract of healthy mice by single gavage.The major type of the obtained AKOP was phosphatidylcholine,and the total contents of the DHA and EPA were 29.31%.AKOP liposome was almost completely digested in the small intestine in 1 h and the hydrolysis products could be quickly absorbed by intestinal enterocytes.The DHA in serum peaked at 2 h after administration of AKOP liposome.AKOP liposome could be quickly digested and absorbed in vivo.The obtained results might provide a scientific basis for the molecular mechanism analysis related to distinct bioactivities of Antarctic krill oil phospholipid.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2012CB114403)the China Agriculture Research System-47(CARS-47)
文摘The peritrophic membrane plays an important role in the defense system of the arthropod gut. The digestive tract is considered one of the major tissues targeted by white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） in shrimp. In this study, the nucleotide sequence encoding peritrophin-like protein of Litopenaeus vannamei （LvPT） was amplified from a yeast two-hybrid library of L. vannamei. The epitope peptide of LvPT was predicted with the GenScript OptimumAntigenTM design tool. An anti-LvPT polyclonal antibody was produced and shown to specifically bind a band at -27 kDa, identified as LvPT. The LvPT protein was expressed and its concentration determined. LvPT dsRNA （4 pg per shrimp） was used to inhibit LvPT expression in shrimp, and a WSSV challenge experiment was then performed with reverse gavage. The pleopods, stomachs, and guts were collected from the shrimp at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection （hpi）. Viral load quantification showed that the levels of WSSV were significantly lower in the pleopods, stomachs, and guts of shrimp after LvPT dsRNA interference than in those of the controls at 48 and 72 hpi. Our results imply that LvPT plays an important role during WSSV infection of the digestive tract.
文摘A great deal of attention has been focused on the potential health benefits of using rice bran oil because it is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD) is a byproduct obtained from distillation of rice bran oil. Elevated plasma cholesterol level is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tocols (tocopherols + tocotrienols) rich fraction isolated from RBODD on plasma and liver lipid concentrations in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly assigned into three groups: normal fat control (NFC), high fat control (HFC) and high fat diet plus tocols rich fraction (RBODD). RBODD was administered daily for 3 weeks by oral gavage using 5% of Tween-80 as a vehicle. The rats in the control groups received 5% of Tween-80 alone in the same manner. Blood samples and livers were collected at the end of the feeding period. RBODD group had significantly lower plasma triglyceride levels compared to the HFC group (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes for plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found in RBODD compared with HFC. Compared to the rat fed HFC, hepatic free fatty acids were significantly reduced in the rats with the RBODD treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the tocols rich fraction isolated from RBODD is associated with decreased plasma triglyceride and hepatic free fatty acids concentrations. Further study is needed to investigate the mechanism and optimal dose by which isomers of tocols lower triglyceride concentrations.
文摘Pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of streptomycin sulfate (STR) are important in the determination of optimal dosage regimens and in establishing safe withdrawal periods in farmed fishes. The pharmacokinetics of STR was studied after a single dose (50 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in freshwater at 25°C. Eight fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. Plasma and muscle were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with 0.05 μg/ml detection limit. The data of pharmacokinetics conformed to the two-compartment open model for intramuscular and one-compartment open model for oral administrations. After intramuscular administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2β) was calculated to be 11.346 h, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) to be 29.524 μg/ml, the time to peak plasma streptomycin concentration (Tmax) to be 0.218 h, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) to be 90.206 μg/ml?h. Following p.o. administration, the corresponding estimates were 13.239 h, 0.346 μg/ml, 11.960 h, and 12.356 μg/ml?h. After intramuscular administration, a therapeutic concentration of the drug was maintained for 12 hours in the plasma, however, a therapeutic level could not be achieved after oral administration, and the results suggest that the drug can be used clinically by intramuscular administration against streptomycin susceptible systemic infections in Japanese eel.
文摘AIM To investigat the influence of hemochromatosis gene(Hfe) mutation on ^(59)Fe labelled duodenal heme absorption in mice.METHODS Heme absorption was measured in Hfe wild type and Hfe^((-/-)) mice by the duodenal tied loop and by oral gavage methods. The m RNA expression of heme oxygenase(HO-1), Abcg2 and Flvcr1 genes and levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS Heme absorption was significantly increased in homozygous Hfe^((-/-)) mice despite significant hepatic and splenic iron overload. While duodenal HO-1 mRNA was highly expressed in the wild type and Hfe^((-/-)) heme-treated group following 24 h heme administration, Flvcr1 a mRNA decreased. However, Abcg2 mRNA expression levels in duodenum remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Heme absorption was enhanced in Hfe^((-/-)) mice from both duodenal tied-loop segments and by oral gavage methods. HO-1 m RNA levels were enhanced in mice duodenum after 24 h of heme feeding and may account for enhanced heme absorption in Hfe^((-/-)) mice. Implications for dietary recommendations on heme intake by Hfe subjects to modulate iron loading are important clinical considerations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2020YFA0803900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82030111)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20250499)the Youth Science Foundation of Xiangya Hospital(No.2024Q02)the Medical Research Project(Clinical Pharmacy Research Project)Fund of Hunan Medical Association(No.HMA202503002).
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)has become a major global public health problem,and its occurrence is associated with adverse environmental exposures during development.In this study,we investigated the impact of the use of prednisone(a synthetic glucocorticoid drug)during pregnancy on susceptibility to MASLD in offspring and explored its potential therapeutic targets.Pregnant rodents were administered clinically equivalent doses of prednisone daily by oral gavage during gestation days(GDs)0-20 in rats and GD0-18 mice,and their offspring were fed a high-fat diet from postnatal weeks 8-12.The results showed that prenatal prednisone exposure(PPE)led to reduced hepatic glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in offspring rats prenatally and postnatally and that the offspring developed more severe MASLD when fed a high-fat diet,with males exhibiting greater severity than females.Consistent findings were observed in PPE adult offspring mice.RNA-seq and experimental results revealed that hepatic Serpina3c expression was consistently reduced in PPE offspring before and after birth,which led to an increase in chymase-Ang II production and subsequent activation of its receptor AT1R,leading to MASLD susceptibility.In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the programming of low Serpina3c expression was associated with reduced H3K27ac levels in the gene promoter region of Serpina3c caused by the activation of GR-HDAC3 signaling by the active metabolite prednisolone.Finally,postnatal high expression of hepatic Serpina3c reversed the activation of the chymase-Ang II-AT1R pathway and significantly ameliorated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction and MASLD susceptibility in PPE offspring.In summary,this study reveals MASLD susceptibility in offspring induced by PPE and identifies Serpina3c as a target for the prevention and treatment of MASLD susceptibility.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC0010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230102)+1 种基金the Central Government Funds of Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development in Fujian Province(2022L3056)Expert Workstation of Wu De,Yunnan Province(202305AF150073).
文摘Lactational feed intake(LFI)is important for the efficiency of sow production.Previous studies indicated that the gut microbiota participated in host appetite regulation.The role of the gut microbiota,especially Lactobacillus mucosae LM1 and Lactobacillus amylovorus in LFI regulation of sows was proved in the previous study.However,it is unclear whether and how L.mucosae and L.amylovorus affect feed intake.Forty-nine sows with similar backfat thickness(15.81±0.31 mm),parity(3.36±0.16),and initial litter size(10.08±0.10)were used in the current study.They were stratified into high(H group;LFI=6.37±0.10 kg/d,n=26)and low LFI(L group;LFI=4.85±0.15 kg/d,n=23)groups.The performance data and fresh feces samples were collected.The differences in the gut microbiota of sows were analyzed.On d 110 of gestation,the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria(P<0.05)and the concentration of fecal endotoxin(P=0.032)were lower in H group sows than in L group sows,while L.mucosae(P=0.021)was the dominant strain in high LFI sows.Three strains,L.mucosae(L.M),L.amylovorus 1(L.A1)and L.amylovorus 2(L.A2),from the feces of high LFI sows on d 7 of lactation were isolated.Whole genome sequencing results showed these strains had probiotic properties.Then,50 piglets(the commercial pig offspring from a three-way cross between Landrace×York gilts and Duroc boars)at 28 d of age(initial body weight=7.38±0.26 kg)and 32 germ-free(GF)mice at 28 d of age(initial body weight=13.45±0.77 g)were used as models to verify the role and mechanism of dominant strains in host feeding regulation.Two gavage experiments confirmed that these strains of Lactobacillus reduced plasma or colon pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations(P<0.05).These strains of Lactobacillus increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)concentration in both animals and decreased the number of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor(GLP-1r)positive cells in the colon of GF mice(P<0.05).Taken together,these findings suggested that these strains from high LFI sows improved in host feeding regulation by increasing the GLP-1 level to lower the inflammation level when reducing the number of GLP-1r positive cells to inhibit the GLP-1 activation on the satiety pathway.These results would provide novel information to enhance the feed intake of sows during lactation and even treat anorexia.
