Vertebrate axis patterning requires precise control of the differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitors(NMPs),which generate spinal cord(SC)and presomitic mesoderm(PSM).Previously,we identified a gastrula-premarked ...Vertebrate axis patterning requires precise control of the differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitors(NMPs),which generate spinal cord(SC)and presomitic mesoderm(PSM).Previously,we identified a gastrula-premarked posterior enhancer(p-Enh)that is essential for posterior tissue development by regulating somite and SC in organogenetic embryos,while its role in early NMPs cells remains elusive.Here,using a highly efficient in vitro differentiation system,we found that the genetic removal of p-Enh leads to the aberrantly up-regulated PSM-related genes during both PSM and SC differentiation.Time-resolved transcriptomic analysis and experimental characterization revealed the activated PSM transcriptomic signature arose from disorganized NMPs composition,with an over-representation of the T^(high)SOX2^(low)NMPs subtype.Besides,through a newly developed bioinformatic tool,ST-Pheno,which effectively bridges the in vitro samples to in vivo embryonic phenotypes within spatiotemporal context,we determined that the over-produced T^(high)SOX2^(low)NMPs subtype is predominantly enriched in the anterior primitive streak and adjacent mesoderm region at E7.5,which may disrupt the proper development of NMPs towards prospective PSM and SC,ultimately leading to the posterior development failure.In summary,this study demonstrates a critical role of p-Enh in regulating NMPs subtype composition,which will broaden the molecular understanding of mammalian embryogenesis.展开更多
Cell migration is essential to direct embryonic cells to specific sites at which their developmental fates are ultimately determined.However,the mechanism by which cell motility is regulated in embryonic development i...Cell migration is essential to direct embryonic cells to specific sites at which their developmental fates are ultimately determined.However,the mechanism by which cell motility is regulated in embryonic development is largely unknown.Cortactin,a filamentous actin binding protein,is an activator of Arp2/3 complex in the nucleation of actin cytoskeleton at the cell leading edge and acts directly on the machinery of cell motility.To determine whether cortactin and Arp2/3 mediated actin assembly plays a role in the morphogenic cell movements during the early development of zebrafish,we initiated a study of cortactin expression in zebrafish embryos at gastrulating stages when massive cell migrations occur.Western blot analysis using a cortactin specific monoclonal antibody demonstrated that cortactin protein is abundantly present in em-bryos at the most early developmental stages.Immunostaining of whole-mounted embryo showed that cortactin immunoreactivity was associated with the embryonic shield,predominantly at the dorsal side of the embryos during gastrulation.In addition,cortactin was detected in the convergent cells of the epiblast and hypoblast,and later in the central nervous system.Im-munofluorescent staining with cortactin and Arp3 antibodies also revealed that cortactin and Arp2/3 complex colocalized at the periphery and many patches associated with the cell-to-cell junction in motile embryonic cells.Therefore,our data suggest that cortactin and Arp2/3 medi-ated actin polymerization is implicated in the cell movement during gastrulation and perhaps the development of the central neural system as well.展开更多
We found T-type calcium channel blocker Ni2+ can efficiently induce the formation of cement gland in Xenopus laevis animal cap explants. Another T-type specific calcium channel blocker Amiloride can also induce the fo...We found T-type calcium channel blocker Ni2+ can efficiently induce the formation of cement gland in Xenopus laevis animal cap explants. Another T-type specific calcium channel blocker Amiloride can also induce the formation of cement gland, while L-type specific calcium channel blocker Nifedipine has no inductive effect. These results may offer us an new approach to study the differentiation of cement gland through the change of intracelluax calcium concentration.展开更多
Globular fossils from Doushantuo phosphorites at the Weng’an area are for the first time identified as a gas-trulation stage of phosphatized embryos. They are got from the fossiliferous remains after acetic acid mace...Globular fossils from Doushantuo phosphorites at the Weng’an area are for the first time identified as a gas-trulation stage of phosphatized embryos. They are got from the fossiliferous remains after acetic acid maceration. The fossils are found together with formerly reported animal resting eggs and embryos of the earlier cleavage stage. The oblate-shaped fossils with the same size as those reported embryos and invaginate at the middle part into the embryos, show the characteristics of the late blastula to the early gas-trula stage of the embryo development. This discovery convinces the existence of animal embryos at Doushantuo age and offers new facts for the studying of the affinity of related fossils, which are still controversial at present.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(2025YFE0200600,2018YFA0800100,2019YFA0801402)the Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory(GZNL2025C02014,GZNL2023A02005)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130030,32470866,31900454)the Union Project by Guangzhou National Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,Guangzhou Medical University(GZNL2024B01007).
文摘Vertebrate axis patterning requires precise control of the differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitors(NMPs),which generate spinal cord(SC)and presomitic mesoderm(PSM).Previously,we identified a gastrula-premarked posterior enhancer(p-Enh)that is essential for posterior tissue development by regulating somite and SC in organogenetic embryos,while its role in early NMPs cells remains elusive.Here,using a highly efficient in vitro differentiation system,we found that the genetic removal of p-Enh leads to the aberrantly up-regulated PSM-related genes during both PSM and SC differentiation.Time-resolved transcriptomic analysis and experimental characterization revealed the activated PSM transcriptomic signature arose from disorganized NMPs composition,with an over-representation of the T^(high)SOX2^(low)NMPs subtype.Besides,through a newly developed bioinformatic tool,ST-Pheno,which effectively bridges the in vitro samples to in vivo embryonic phenotypes within spatiotemporal context,we determined that the over-produced T^(high)SOX2^(low)NMPs subtype is predominantly enriched in the anterior primitive streak and adjacent mesoderm region at E7.5,which may disrupt the proper development of NMPs towards prospective PSM and SC,ultimately leading to the posterior development failure.In summary,this study demonstrates a critical role of p-Enh in regulating NMPs subtype composition,which will broaden the molecular understanding of mammalian embryogenesis.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30270692&30271034).
文摘Cell migration is essential to direct embryonic cells to specific sites at which their developmental fates are ultimately determined.However,the mechanism by which cell motility is regulated in embryonic development is largely unknown.Cortactin,a filamentous actin binding protein,is an activator of Arp2/3 complex in the nucleation of actin cytoskeleton at the cell leading edge and acts directly on the machinery of cell motility.To determine whether cortactin and Arp2/3 mediated actin assembly plays a role in the morphogenic cell movements during the early development of zebrafish,we initiated a study of cortactin expression in zebrafish embryos at gastrulating stages when massive cell migrations occur.Western blot analysis using a cortactin specific monoclonal antibody demonstrated that cortactin protein is abundantly present in em-bryos at the most early developmental stages.Immunostaining of whole-mounted embryo showed that cortactin immunoreactivity was associated with the embryonic shield,predominantly at the dorsal side of the embryos during gastrulation.In addition,cortactin was detected in the convergent cells of the epiblast and hypoblast,and later in the central nervous system.Im-munofluorescent staining with cortactin and Arp3 antibodies also revealed that cortactin and Arp2/3 complex colocalized at the periphery and many patches associated with the cell-to-cell junction in motile embryonic cells.Therefore,our data suggest that cortactin and Arp2/3 medi-ated actin polymerization is implicated in the cell movement during gastrulation and perhaps the development of the central neural system as well.
文摘We found T-type calcium channel blocker Ni2+ can efficiently induce the formation of cement gland in Xenopus laevis animal cap explants. Another T-type specific calcium channel blocker Amiloride can also induce the formation of cement gland, while L-type specific calcium channel blocker Nifedipine has no inductive effect. These results may offer us an new approach to study the differentiation of cement gland through the change of intracelluax calcium concentration.
基金This work was jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49872002)the State Science and Technology Commission of China (Grant Nos. 95-spcieal-03-3-3 and G99-A-05a) and the State Basic Research Development Project
文摘Globular fossils from Doushantuo phosphorites at the Weng’an area are for the first time identified as a gas-trulation stage of phosphatized embryos. They are got from the fossiliferous remains after acetic acid maceration. The fossils are found together with formerly reported animal resting eggs and embryos of the earlier cleavage stage. The oblate-shaped fossils with the same size as those reported embryos and invaginate at the middle part into the embryos, show the characteristics of the late blastula to the early gas-trula stage of the embryo development. This discovery convinces the existence of animal embryos at Doushantuo age and offers new facts for the studying of the affinity of related fossils, which are still controversial at present.
