The valorization of vegetable by-products is a promising strategy to combat climate change and achieve global carbon neutrality goals.This study aimed to exploit the high-value utilization of garlic by-products and to...The valorization of vegetable by-products is a promising strategy to combat climate change and achieve global carbon neutrality goals.This study aimed to exploit the high-value utilization of garlic by-products and to investigate the antihypertensive effects and potential mechanisms of the resulting angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides.After protein extraction,enzymatic hydrolysis,and activity-directed fractionation,a potent and highly stable ACE inhibitory peptide(IC_(50):31.38μmol/L)was obtained,which was identified as VWAS and acted as a competitive inhibitor.VWAS stably bound to key residues in the ACE active center mainly through hydrogen bonding interactions and effectively lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats via alleviating renal and cardiac injuries,improving endothelial dysfunction,and regulating the renal renin-angiotensin system,antioxidant system,and anti-inflammatory system.These findings suggested that garlic protein-derived peptide(VWAS)was a desirable candidate for antihypertensive functional foods and provided guidance for the high-value utilization of garlic by-products.展开更多
Through in-depth analysis of recent domestic research,this review elaborates on the mechanisms of garlic polysaccharides in regulating poultry gut microbiota balance,strengthening intestinal barrier function,and enhan...Through in-depth analysis of recent domestic research,this review elaborates on the mechanisms of garlic polysaccharides in regulating poultry gut microbiota balance,strengthening intestinal barrier function,and enhancing intestinal immunity.It also discusses their practical application effects in poultry farming,existing problems,and future research directions,aiming to provide comprehensive and in-depth theoretical support for promoting the widespread application of garlic polysaccharides in healthy poultry farming.展开更多
Background:Understanding the relationship between garlic and chronic diseases could help to improve prevention and reduce the burden of diseases.This study aimed to examine the association between garlic consumption a...Background:Understanding the relationship between garlic and chronic diseases could help to improve prevention and reduce the burden of diseases.This study aimed to examine the association between garlic consumption and the risk of chronic diseases.Methods:We included 26,524 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)with data of the frequency of garlic consumption,7658 participants from the Xinjiang multiethnic cohort(XMC)study with data of garlic intake,and 141,684 participants from the UK Biobank(UKBB)with data of the preference for garlic.The dietary pattern of garlic,including the frequency of consuming garlic,garlic intake,and garlic preference information,was collected using a food questionnaire for each cohort.Logistic regression and structural equation modeling were used to assess the effect of garlic consumption on five common chronic diseases,which comprised cancer,diabetes,hypertension,respiratory diseases,and cardiovascular disease(CVD).Results:In the CLHLS cohort,individuals who consumed garlic almost every day had a significantly lower risk of five of the most common chronic diseases(cancer:odds ratio[OR]=0.51,95%confidence interval[CI]=0.30-0.81,p=0.006;diabetes:OR=0.58,95%CI=0.43-0.76,p<0.001;hypertension:OR=0.68,95%CI=0.61-0.77,p<0.001;respiratory diseases:OR=0.77,95%CI=0.67-0.87,p<0.001;and CVD:OR=0.69,95%CI=0.59-0.80,p<0.001).Similarly,in the XMC,there was a consistent protective effect of high garlic intake on hypertension,respiratory diseases and CVD.Additionally,in the UKBB cohort,individuals who liked garlic had a decreased risk of diabetes and CVD.Notably,in three cohorts,structural equation modeling results showed that there was a significant protective total effect of garlic consumption on the five common chronic diseases.展开更多
A Se—containing polysaccharide(Se-GPS),with average molecular weight of 1.5×10~4 was isolated from Hubei Enshi garlic(Allium sativum L.)and purified by means of Sephadex G25 to G200 chromatographies.Its chemical...A Se—containing polysaccharide(Se-GPS),with average molecular weight of 1.5×10~4 was isolated from Hubei Enshi garlic(Allium sativum L.)and purified by means of Sephadex G25 to G200 chromatographies.Its chemical homogeneity and composition were studied by optical rotation,HPLC and paper chromatographical methods.The abilities of scavenging active oxygen free radicals and inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte membrane by SiO_2 were established by spin trapping ESR studies.Se-GPS was shown to inhibit human cytomegalovirus by plague reduction assays and cytopathogenic effect tests.展开更多
[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and dis...[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and distilled water is examined in lab to test their effect to growth of mycelia of pomegranate wilt pathogen（Ceratocystis fimbriata）and multiplication of Bacillus subtilis.[Results] The result shows that garlic root exudates whatever cultivated in MS solution or distilled water could not inhibit or promote mycelia growth of C.fimbriata.However,garlic root exudates cultivated in both methods effectively promote multiplication of B.subtilis.[Conclusions] It is suggested that intercropping garlic with pomegranate tree by combining application B.subtilis could be a promising way to prevent pomegranate wilt spread in practice.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to revealing the effects of two kinds of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋ on garlic germination.[Method] Root length,enzyme（SOD and CAT）activity and soluble protein content during ...[Objective] This study aimed to revealing the effects of two kinds of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋ on garlic germination.[Method] Root length,enzyme（SOD and CAT）activity and soluble protein content during garlic germination were determined under the stress of two kinds of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋.[Result] During garlic germination,there was an obvious inhibition on buds and seedlings when the concentration of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋ was more than 20 mg/L,while SOD and CAT had certain buffering ability to the heavy metal toxicity with low concentration.With the stress of Cr6＋ in low concentration,SOD activity increased with the increase of metal ion concentration,and then reached maximum when the treatment concentration was 50 mg/L,while CAT activity gradually increased when Cr6＋ concentration was lower than 20 mg/L.With the high concentration of Cr6＋（more than 50 mg/L）or the Pb2＋ stress,SOD and CAT activity continued to decrease with the increase of concentration of heavy metal ions.With various concentrations of heavy metal（Cr6＋ and Pb2＋）solution,soluble protein content showed the decreasing trend with time prolong,and the decreasing trend was obvious with the increase of concentration.Moreover,the tolerance of garlic on Cr6＋ toxicity was much higher than that on Pb2＋.[Conclusion] Two kinds of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋ have impacts on four factors mentioned above during garlic germination,and this study provides a theoretical basis for further discussion of the toxic mechanism of heavy metals on plants.展开更多
Newly developed black garlic had made a sensational debut with a strong anti-tumor potency proved by the mouse tumor model in 2006 from our laboratory. At that time few researches on it have been conducted due to less...Newly developed black garlic had made a sensational debut with a strong anti-tumor potency proved by the mouse tumor model in 2006 from our laboratory. At that time few researches on it have been conducted due to less popularity of the products even among the researching field. Since then some of the bio-functional works of the black garlic gradually appeared along with gaining of its popularity. Representative bio-activities reported up to now are： （1） enhancement of anti-tumor potency in the mouse tumor model; （2） immune system enforcement, and suppressive act against allergic symptoms caused by decreasing IL-4 cytokine production; （3） bacteria killing potency; （4） anti-oxidant activity; （5） reduction of carcinogenic potency; （6） lowering cholesterol level and preventive work against obesity; （7） controlling high blood pressure; （8） beneficial effect against diabetics; （9） regenerative effect to the burned skin （Clinical study case） et al. On the black garlic business （marketing）, the Aomori Black Garlic Union （Association） had been established in Aomori Prefecture to offer the citizen high quality, high safety and high security black garlic （products） aiming at contribution for health improvement. All union members are now exerting themselves to the most to attain the high quality production of the black garlic. The quality proving certification seal will be issued to the products that passed the quality approval test by the third party inspections to place it on the their products. This system is now effectively working to guarantee the garlic quality and differentiate the Union member＇s products from others at the markets.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of application of garlic paste at Shenque （神阙 CV8） on the circadian rhythm in sleep deprivation young students. Metheds Twenty healthy volunteer young male students from Southern Me...Objective To observe the effect of application of garlic paste at Shenque （神阙 CV8） on the circadian rhythm in sleep deprivation young students. Metheds Twenty healthy volunteer young male students from Southern Medical University were randomly divided into three groups： normal group （A）, sleep deprivation group （B） and treatment group （C）. Volunteers in group B and C received 48 h sleep deprivation （SD）, and in the mean time volunteers in group C were treated by garlic paste at Shenque （神阙 CV8）, while those in group A had no any treatment. The body temperature of all the volunteers was detected at 6：00 am, 12：00 am, 6：00 pm and 0：00 am, respectively, after the treatment. Results The mean body temperature values in group A and C both were highest at 6： 00 pm and lowest at 6： 00 am which had a significant difference in each group （P〈0.01）; in group B, the mean body temperature was highest at 0：00 am and lowestat 6：00 am, no significant difference was found between them （P〉0.05）. Results of cosine analysis showed that in subjects of group B the circadian rhythm of body temperature still kept going well after SD, but the peak amplitude and amplitude of vibration were higher than those of group A, and the acrophase of group B was obviously lower than that of group C and A. The 3 indexes of group C were similar to those of group A, denoting that garlic paste application of Shenque （神阙 CV8） could prevent disorders of circadian rhythm of the body temperature. Conclusion The garlic paste application at Shenque （神阙 CV8） can adjust circadian rhythm and accelerate the recovery processes of circadian rhythm in SD young students.展开更多
During long term storage at 25℃ in the dark,a large number of cell content were transferred from the senescing scape to the developing cloves,and the transfer from the basal part of scape was earlier than that from t...During long term storage at 25℃ in the dark,a large number of cell content were transferred from the senescing scape to the developing cloves,and the transfer from the basal part of scape was earlier than that from the apical part in the excised garlic scape ( Allium sativum var Taichang).Levels of H 2O 2 decreased in the cloves and significantly increased up to 10 folds and then declined quickly in the scape.Levels of H 2O 2 were enhanced early in the basal part of scape.In the treatment of GA 3 at the cloves,levels of H 2O 2 were strongly enhanced in the cloves and inhibited in the scape,coinciding with the distinct inhibition of cell content tansfer.The results indicated that H 2O 2 may be involved in cell content redistribution and its regulation.3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) is a specific inhibitor of catalase.Effects of AT on cell content redistribution and levels of H 2O 2 were almost similar to those of GA 3,It further proved the above concept.According to the changes of H 2O 2 leves and activities of peroxidase and catalase in the cloves and in the scape,we suggest that the accumulation of H 2O 2 in the scape was transducted from the cloves,and the decline of H 2O 2 level in the scape with GA 3 or AT at the cloves was mainly through the inhibition of H 2O 2 synthesis in the cloves.展开更多
While most types of malignancies remain recalcitrant to treatment, application of natural products or their analogs in daily life has offered some hopes as an effective prophylaxis against cancer onset and progression...While most types of malignancies remain recalcitrant to treatment, application of natural products or their analogs in daily life has offered some hopes as an effective prophylaxis against cancer onset and progression in the past decades. Emerging evidence supports a link between garlic consumption and decreased cancer incidence. Notably, aged garlic extract(AGE) exhibits stronger anti-cancer activities than that of fresh garlic, by virtue of enrichment of several AGE-specific organosulfur compounds, including S-allylmercaptocysteine(SAMC). In this review, we summarize the up-to-date mechanistic pathways associated with the anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effects of SAMC in various cancer models. Based upon the proven safety and improved understanding on its anti-neoplastic properties, SAMC has gained recognition as a promising daily food supplement for cancer prevention or management.展开更多
In order to develop biological control of aphids by a ＂push-pull＂ approach, intercropping using repellent emitting plants was developed in different crop and associated plant models. Garlic is one of the potential p...In order to develop biological control of aphids by a ＂push-pull＂ approach, intercropping using repellent emitting plants was developed in different crop and associated plant models. Garlic is one of the potential plant that could be inserted in crops to decrease the pest occurrence in neighboring crop plots. In this study, field works were conducted in wheat fields in Langfang Experimental Station, Hebei Province in China from October 2009 to July 2010 during wheat developmental season. The effect of wheat intercropping with garlic but also the volatiles emission on the incidence of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius （Homoptera： Aphididae） was assessed. Natural beneficial occurrence and global yields in two winter wheat varieties that were susceptible or resistant to cereal aphid were also determined comparing to control plots without the use of garlic plant intercrop nor semiochemical releaser in the fields. S. avenae was found to be lower in garlic oil blend treatment （GOB）, diallyl disulfide treatment （DD） and wheat-garlic intercropping treatment （WGI） when compared to the control plots for both two varieties （P〈0.01）. Both intercropping and application of volatile chemicals emitted by garlic could improve the population densities of natural enemies of cereal aphid, including ladybeetles and mummified aphids. Ladybeetle population density in WGI, GOB and mummified aphids densities in WGI, DD were significantly higher than those in control fields for both two varieties （P〈0.05）. There were significant interactions between cultivars and treatments to the population densities of S. avenae. The 1 000-grain weight and yield of wheat were also increased compared to the control. Due to their potential alternatives as a biological control agent against cereal aphid, garlic intercropping and related emitted volatiles are expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management systems and to potentially reduce the amount of traditional synthetic pesticides applied in wheat fields.展开更多
Garlic(Allium sativum) is a widely known medicinal plant, potential of which remains to be fully evaluated. Its wide-range beneficial effects appear to be relevant for treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and r...Garlic(Allium sativum) is a widely known medicinal plant, potential of which remains to be fully evaluated. Its wide-range beneficial effects appear to be relevant for treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and related diseases. It is generally believed that garlic-based preparations are able to improve lipid profile in humans, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, suppress low density lipoprotein oxidation, modulate blood pressure, suppress platelet aggregation, lower plasma fibrinogen level and increase fibrinolytic activity, thus providing clinically relevant cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is important to assess the level of evidence available for different protective effects of garlic and to understand the underlying mechanisms. This information will allow adequate integration of garlic-based preparations to clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic preparations, focusing on antihyperlipidemic, hypotensive, anti-platelet and direct anti-atherosclerotic activities of the medicinal plant. We also provide an overview of available meta-analyses and a number of clinical trials that assess the beneficial effects of garlic.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of garlic on liver injury induced by isoniazid （INH） and rifarnpicin （RIF）. METHODS： Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH and RIF d...AIM： To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of garlic on liver injury induced by isoniazid （INH） and rifarnpicin （RIF）. METHODS： Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH and RIF daily each for 28 d. For hepatoprotective studies, 0.25 g/kg per day of freshly prepared garlic hornogenate was administered orally half an hour before the INH＋RIF doses. Serum alanine arninotransferase （AIT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and bilirubin were estimated on d 0, 14, 21, and 28 in all the rats. Histological analysis was carried out to assess the injury to the liver. Lipid peroxidation （1PO） as a marker of oxidative stress and non-protein thiols （glutathione） for antioxidant levels were measured in liver hornogenate. RESULTS： The treatment of rats with INH＋RIF （50 mg/kg per day each） induced hepatotoxicity in all the treated animals as judged by elevated serum ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels, presence of focal hepatocytic necrosis （6/8） and portal triaditis （8/8）. Garlic simultaneously administered at a dose of 0.25 g/kg per day prevented the induction of histopathological injuries in INH＋RIF co-treated animals, except in 4 animals, which showed only moderate portal triaditis. The histological changes correlated with oxidative stress in INH＋RIF treated animals. The group which received 0.25 g/kg per day garlic hornogenate along with INH＋RIF showed higher levels of glutathione （P〈0.05） and low levels of 1PO （P〈 0.05） as compared to INH＋RIF treated group. CONCLUSION： Freshly prepared garlic homogenate protects against INH＋RIF-induced liver injury in experimental animal model.展开更多
[ Objective] Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study fistular onion （Alliumfistulosum） and garlic （Allium sativum） rust leaves, so as to explore the application potential of mid-infrared spectros...[ Objective] Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study fistular onion （Alliumfistulosum） and garlic （Allium sativum） rust leaves, so as to explore the application potential of mid-infrared spectroscopy in the diagnosis of crop disease. [ Method] The normal green leaves and rust leaves of fistular onion and garlic were tested using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their spectral differences were analyzed. [ Result] The infrared spectra of green leaves of fistular onion and garlic are mainly composed of the vibrational bands of polysaccharides, protein and ester. Normal and rust leaves exhibited differences in the fin- gerprint interval of 1 800 -900 cm-1 , in which the band at 1 640 cm-1 in the spectrum of flstular onion rust leaf became stronger, and the band at 1 103 cm-1 was not obvious compared with the spectrum of normal leaf. The absorbance ratios A1640/A1063, A1640/A1736, A1640/A2924, and A1063/A2924 of onion rust leaf were larger than the corresponding ratios A1638/A1 059, A1738/A1 38, A2921/A1638, and A2 92l/A1059 in the spectrum of normal leaf. The band of polysaccharides at 1 056 cm-1 in the spectrmn of garlic normal leaf was the strongest in fingerprint area, while the band at 1 634 cm-1 in the spectrum of garlic rust leaf was the strongest in that are- a. The absorbance ratios A1634/A1069 , A1634/A1099 , A1409/A2923 , and A1634/A737 of garlic rust leaf were larger than the corresponding ratios A1627/A1056 , A1623/A1104 , A1411/A2920 and A1627/A1740 of normal leaves. While the ratios A1634/A2923, A1059/A2923, and A1737/A2923 of garlic rust leaf were less than the corresponding values of A1627/A2920, A1056/A2920, and A1 740/A2920 of normal leaf. [ Conclusion] Rust leaf and normal leaf could be distinguished according to the differences in infrared spectra, and infrared spectroscopy could be developed as the detection method for crop diseases.展开更多
We undertook a pyrolysis research on garlic stalks to solve its difficulty in use. We found that the inorganic salts in biomass played an important role in catalytic pyrolysis. Moreover, we studied the pyrolysis behav...We undertook a pyrolysis research on garlic stalks to solve its difficulty in use. We found that the inorganic salts in biomass played an important role in catalytic pyrolysis. Moreover, we studied the pyrolysis behavior under catalyst and catalyst-free conditions. The results showed that the weightlessness rate of garlic stalks was the highest at 550 ℃ under catalyst-free condition. The oil production rate increased with the increase of temperature and reached the peak at 550 ℃. Subsequently, as the temperature increased, the secondary cracking was intensified and oil production rate was decreased. The oil production rate increased significantly （almost 15%） under catalysis of KOH. However, the oil production rate was the highest at 500-600℃. What＇s more, we found that KOH played a major role in promoting decomposition of surface skin cells and subcutaneous fibrous layer of garlic stalks.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the synergic antibacterial activity of garlic and tazma honey against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Antimicrobial activity of tazma honey,garlic and mixture of them against...Objective:To investigate the synergic antibacterial activity of garlic and tazma honey against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Antimicrobial activity of tazma honey,garlic and mixture of them against pathogenic bacteria were determined.Chloramphenicol and water were used as positive and negative controls,respectively.Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration of antimicrobial samples were determined using standard methods.Results:Inhibition zone of mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all tested pathogens was significantly(P≤0.05)greater than garlic and tazma honey alone.The diameter zone of inhibition ranged from(18±1)to(35±1)mm for mixture of garlic and tazma honey,(12±1)to(20±1)nun for tazma honey and(14±1)to(22±1)mm for garlic as compared with(10±1)to(30±1)mm for chloramphenicol.The combination of garlic and tazma honey(30-35 mm)was more significantly(P≤0.05)effective against Salmonella(NCTC 8385),Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923),Lyesria moncytogenes(ATCC 19116)and Streptococcus pneumonia(ATCC 63).Results also showed considerable antimicrobial activity of garlic and tazma honey.MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at 6.25%against total test bacteria was 88.9%.MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at6.25%against Gram positive and negative were 100%and 83.33%,respectively.The bactericidal activities of garlic,tazma honey,and mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all pathogenic bacteria at 6.25%concentration were 66.6%,55.6%and 55.6%,respectively.Conclusions:This finding strongly supports the claim of the local community to use the combination of tazma honey and garlic for the treatment of different pathogenic bacterial infections.Therefore,garlic in combination with tazma honey can serve as an alternative natural antimicrobial drug for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections.Further in vivo study is recommended to come up with a comprehensive conclusion.展开更多
Aim： To investigate the effects of crude garlic on adult male rat reproductive functions. Methods： Thirty male rats were divided into five groups： group 1 （untreated） and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed for 30 days...Aim： To investigate the effects of crude garlic on adult male rat reproductive functions. Methods： Thirty male rats were divided into five groups： group 1 （untreated） and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed for 30 days with 5%, 10%, 15% and 30% crude garlic, respectively. Testes and accessory organs were weighed and some markers were assessed. Light and electron microscopy observations were also performed. Results： A significant decrease was observed in the body weight of groups 4 （14%; P 〈 0.01） and 5 （20%; P 〈 0.01）; of the prostate weight in group 5 （29.1%; P 〈 0.05） and of seminal vesicle weight in groups 3 （14.4%; P 〈 0.01）, 4 （18.3%; P 〈 0.01） and 5 （27.3%; P 〈 0.01）. In contrast, testis and epididymis weights were unchanged. In epididymis tissue, the alpha glucosidase activity and the spermatozoa density were unchanged. The treatment resulted in a significant decrease in testosterone serum levels in groups 3 （77.3%; P 〈 0.01）, 4 （77.3%; P 〈 0.01） and 5 （90.9%; P 〈 0.01）, associated with a significant increase in LH serum levels （P 〈 0.01）. Testicular histology showed a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of empty seminiferous tubules. Moreover, testicular function was affected; a significant decrease in phosphatase acid activity （P 〈 0.01） and testosterone （P 〈 0.05） contents were observed. Conclusion： Crude garlic consumption during 1 month reduced testosterone secretion and altered spermatogenesis at 10%, 15% and 30% doses.展开更多
Garlic(Allium sativum),an asexually propagated vegetable and medicinal crop,has abundant genetic variation.Genetic diversity evaluation based on molecular markers has apparent advantages since their genomic abundance,...Garlic(Allium sativum),an asexually propagated vegetable and medicinal crop,has abundant genetic variation.Genetic diversity evaluation based on molecular markers has apparent advantages since their genomic abundance,environment insensitivity,and non-tissue specific features.However,the limited number of available DNA markers,especially SSR markers,are insufficient to conduct related genetic diversity assessment studies in garlic.In this study,4372 EST-SSR markers were newly developed,and 12 polymorphic markers together with other 17 garlic SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 127 garlic accessions.The averaged polymorphism information content(PIC)of these 29 SSR markers was 0.36,ranging from 0.22 to 0.49.Seventy-nine polymorphic loci were detected among these accessions,with an average of 3.48 polymorphic loci per SSR.Both the clustering analyses based on either the genotype data of SSR markers or the phenotypic data of morphological traits obtained genetic distance divided the 127 garlic accessions into three clusters.Moreover,the Mantel test showed that genetic distance had no significant correlations with geographic distance,and weak correlations were found between genetic distance and the phenotypic traits.AMOVA analysis showed that the main genetic variation of this garlic germplasm collection existed in the within-population or cluster.Results of this study will be of great value for the genetic/breeding studies in garlic and enhance the utilization of these garlic germplasms.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Fund for Leading Talent in Mount Tai Industry of Shandong Province(TSCY20200121).
文摘The valorization of vegetable by-products is a promising strategy to combat climate change and achieve global carbon neutrality goals.This study aimed to exploit the high-value utilization of garlic by-products and to investigate the antihypertensive effects and potential mechanisms of the resulting angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides.After protein extraction,enzymatic hydrolysis,and activity-directed fractionation,a potent and highly stable ACE inhibitory peptide(IC_(50):31.38μmol/L)was obtained,which was identified as VWAS and acted as a competitive inhibitor.VWAS stably bound to key residues in the ACE active center mainly through hydrogen bonding interactions and effectively lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats via alleviating renal and cardiac injuries,improving endothelial dysfunction,and regulating the renal renin-angiotensin system,antioxidant system,and anti-inflammatory system.These findings suggested that garlic protein-derived peptide(VWAS)was a desirable candidate for antihypertensive functional foods and provided guidance for the high-value utilization of garlic by-products.
文摘Through in-depth analysis of recent domestic research,this review elaborates on the mechanisms of garlic polysaccharides in regulating poultry gut microbiota balance,strengthening intestinal barrier function,and enhancing intestinal immunity.It also discusses their practical application effects in poultry farming,existing problems,and future research directions,aiming to provide comprehensive and in-depth theoretical support for promoting the widespread application of garlic polysaccharides in healthy poultry farming.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230003)Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region(2022TSYCTD0013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82173601).
文摘Background:Understanding the relationship between garlic and chronic diseases could help to improve prevention and reduce the burden of diseases.This study aimed to examine the association between garlic consumption and the risk of chronic diseases.Methods:We included 26,524 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)with data of the frequency of garlic consumption,7658 participants from the Xinjiang multiethnic cohort(XMC)study with data of garlic intake,and 141,684 participants from the UK Biobank(UKBB)with data of the preference for garlic.The dietary pattern of garlic,including the frequency of consuming garlic,garlic intake,and garlic preference information,was collected using a food questionnaire for each cohort.Logistic regression and structural equation modeling were used to assess the effect of garlic consumption on five common chronic diseases,which comprised cancer,diabetes,hypertension,respiratory diseases,and cardiovascular disease(CVD).Results:In the CLHLS cohort,individuals who consumed garlic almost every day had a significantly lower risk of five of the most common chronic diseases(cancer:odds ratio[OR]=0.51,95%confidence interval[CI]=0.30-0.81,p=0.006;diabetes:OR=0.58,95%CI=0.43-0.76,p<0.001;hypertension:OR=0.68,95%CI=0.61-0.77,p<0.001;respiratory diseases:OR=0.77,95%CI=0.67-0.87,p<0.001;and CVD:OR=0.69,95%CI=0.59-0.80,p<0.001).Similarly,in the XMC,there was a consistent protective effect of high garlic intake on hypertension,respiratory diseases and CVD.Additionally,in the UKBB cohort,individuals who liked garlic had a decreased risk of diabetes and CVD.Notably,in three cohorts,structural equation modeling results showed that there was a significant protective total effect of garlic consumption on the five common chronic diseases.
文摘A Se—containing polysaccharide(Se-GPS),with average molecular weight of 1.5×10~4 was isolated from Hubei Enshi garlic(Allium sativum L.)and purified by means of Sephadex G25 to G200 chromatographies.Its chemical homogeneity and composition were studied by optical rotation,HPLC and paper chromatographical methods.The abilities of scavenging active oxygen free radicals and inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte membrane by SiO_2 were established by spin trapping ESR studies.Se-GPS was shown to inhibit human cytomegalovirus by plague reduction assays and cytopathogenic effect tests.
基金Supported by National"973" Project(2011CB100400)~~
文摘[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and distilled water is examined in lab to test their effect to growth of mycelia of pomegranate wilt pathogen（Ceratocystis fimbriata）and multiplication of Bacillus subtilis.[Results] The result shows that garlic root exudates whatever cultivated in MS solution or distilled water could not inhibit or promote mycelia growth of C.fimbriata.However,garlic root exudates cultivated in both methods effectively promote multiplication of B.subtilis.[Conclusions] It is suggested that intercropping garlic with pomegranate tree by combining application B.subtilis could be a promising way to prevent pomegranate wilt spread in practice.
基金Supported by Key Project of Haixi Construction Served by Universities in Fujian(A101)Subject(Biology)Determined and Constructed by Master Degree-conferring Units+1 种基金A-class Scientific and Technological Project of Education Department in Fujian(JA09213)Scientific and Technological Project of Quanzhou(2010N28)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to revealing the effects of two kinds of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋ on garlic germination.[Method] Root length,enzyme（SOD and CAT）activity and soluble protein content during garlic germination were determined under the stress of two kinds of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋.[Result] During garlic germination,there was an obvious inhibition on buds and seedlings when the concentration of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋ was more than 20 mg/L,while SOD and CAT had certain buffering ability to the heavy metal toxicity with low concentration.With the stress of Cr6＋ in low concentration,SOD activity increased with the increase of metal ion concentration,and then reached maximum when the treatment concentration was 50 mg/L,while CAT activity gradually increased when Cr6＋ concentration was lower than 20 mg/L.With the high concentration of Cr6＋（more than 50 mg/L）or the Pb2＋ stress,SOD and CAT activity continued to decrease with the increase of concentration of heavy metal ions.With various concentrations of heavy metal（Cr6＋ and Pb2＋）solution,soluble protein content showed the decreasing trend with time prolong,and the decreasing trend was obvious with the increase of concentration.Moreover,the tolerance of garlic on Cr6＋ toxicity was much higher than that on Pb2＋.[Conclusion] Two kinds of heavy metals including Cr6＋ and Pb2＋ have impacts on four factors mentioned above during garlic germination,and this study provides a theoretical basis for further discussion of the toxic mechanism of heavy metals on plants.
文摘Newly developed black garlic had made a sensational debut with a strong anti-tumor potency proved by the mouse tumor model in 2006 from our laboratory. At that time few researches on it have been conducted due to less popularity of the products even among the researching field. Since then some of the bio-functional works of the black garlic gradually appeared along with gaining of its popularity. Representative bio-activities reported up to now are： （1） enhancement of anti-tumor potency in the mouse tumor model; （2） immune system enforcement, and suppressive act against allergic symptoms caused by decreasing IL-4 cytokine production; （3） bacteria killing potency; （4） anti-oxidant activity; （5） reduction of carcinogenic potency; （6） lowering cholesterol level and preventive work against obesity; （7） controlling high blood pressure; （8） beneficial effect against diabetics; （9） regenerative effect to the burned skin （Clinical study case） et al. On the black garlic business （marketing）, the Aomori Black Garlic Union （Association） had been established in Aomori Prefecture to offer the citizen high quality, high safety and high security black garlic （products） aiming at contribution for health improvement. All union members are now exerting themselves to the most to attain the high quality production of the black garlic. The quality proving certification seal will be issued to the products that passed the quality approval test by the third party inspections to place it on the their products. This system is now effectively working to guarantee the garlic quality and differentiate the Union member＇s products from others at the markets.
文摘Objective To observe the effect of application of garlic paste at Shenque （神阙 CV8） on the circadian rhythm in sleep deprivation young students. Metheds Twenty healthy volunteer young male students from Southern Medical University were randomly divided into three groups： normal group （A）, sleep deprivation group （B） and treatment group （C）. Volunteers in group B and C received 48 h sleep deprivation （SD）, and in the mean time volunteers in group C were treated by garlic paste at Shenque （神阙 CV8）, while those in group A had no any treatment. The body temperature of all the volunteers was detected at 6：00 am, 12：00 am, 6：00 pm and 0：00 am, respectively, after the treatment. Results The mean body temperature values in group A and C both were highest at 6： 00 pm and lowest at 6： 00 am which had a significant difference in each group （P〈0.01）; in group B, the mean body temperature was highest at 0：00 am and lowestat 6：00 am, no significant difference was found between them （P〉0.05）. Results of cosine analysis showed that in subjects of group B the circadian rhythm of body temperature still kept going well after SD, but the peak amplitude and amplitude of vibration were higher than those of group A, and the acrophase of group B was obviously lower than that of group C and A. The 3 indexes of group C were similar to those of group A, denoting that garlic paste application of Shenque （神阙 CV8） could prevent disorders of circadian rhythm of the body temperature. Conclusion The garlic paste application at Shenque （神阙 CV8） can adjust circadian rhythm and accelerate the recovery processes of circadian rhythm in SD young students.
文摘During long term storage at 25℃ in the dark,a large number of cell content were transferred from the senescing scape to the developing cloves,and the transfer from the basal part of scape was earlier than that from the apical part in the excised garlic scape ( Allium sativum var Taichang).Levels of H 2O 2 decreased in the cloves and significantly increased up to 10 folds and then declined quickly in the scape.Levels of H 2O 2 were enhanced early in the basal part of scape.In the treatment of GA 3 at the cloves,levels of H 2O 2 were strongly enhanced in the cloves and inhibited in the scape,coinciding with the distinct inhibition of cell content tansfer.The results indicated that H 2O 2 may be involved in cell content redistribution and its regulation.3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) is a specific inhibitor of catalase.Effects of AT on cell content redistribution and levels of H 2O 2 were almost similar to those of GA 3,It further proved the above concept.According to the changes of H 2O 2 leves and activities of peroxidase and catalase in the cloves and in the scape,we suggest that the accumulation of H 2O 2 in the scape was transducted from the cloves,and the decline of H 2O 2 level in the scape with GA 3 or AT at the cloves was mainly through the inhibition of H 2O 2 synthesis in the cloves.
文摘While most types of malignancies remain recalcitrant to treatment, application of natural products or their analogs in daily life has offered some hopes as an effective prophylaxis against cancer onset and progression in the past decades. Emerging evidence supports a link between garlic consumption and decreased cancer incidence. Notably, aged garlic extract(AGE) exhibits stronger anti-cancer activities than that of fresh garlic, by virtue of enrichment of several AGE-specific organosulfur compounds, including S-allylmercaptocysteine(SAMC). In this review, we summarize the up-to-date mechanistic pathways associated with the anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effects of SAMC in various cancer models. Based upon the proven safety and improved understanding on its anti-neoplastic properties, SAMC has gained recognition as a promising daily food supplement for cancer prevention or management.
基金supported by grants from the Cooperation Project between Belgium and China (CUD\PIC Shandong, 2010DFA32810)
文摘In order to develop biological control of aphids by a ＂push-pull＂ approach, intercropping using repellent emitting plants was developed in different crop and associated plant models. Garlic is one of the potential plant that could be inserted in crops to decrease the pest occurrence in neighboring crop plots. In this study, field works were conducted in wheat fields in Langfang Experimental Station, Hebei Province in China from October 2009 to July 2010 during wheat developmental season. The effect of wheat intercropping with garlic but also the volatiles emission on the incidence of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius （Homoptera： Aphididae） was assessed. Natural beneficial occurrence and global yields in two winter wheat varieties that were susceptible or resistant to cereal aphid were also determined comparing to control plots without the use of garlic plant intercrop nor semiochemical releaser in the fields. S. avenae was found to be lower in garlic oil blend treatment （GOB）, diallyl disulfide treatment （DD） and wheat-garlic intercropping treatment （WGI） when compared to the control plots for both two varieties （P〈0.01）. Both intercropping and application of volatile chemicals emitted by garlic could improve the population densities of natural enemies of cereal aphid, including ladybeetles and mummified aphids. Ladybeetle population density in WGI, GOB and mummified aphids densities in WGI, DD were significantly higher than those in control fields for both two varieties （P〈0.05）. There were significant interactions between cultivars and treatments to the population densities of S. avenae. The 1 000-grain weight and yield of wheat were also increased compared to the control. Due to their potential alternatives as a biological control agent against cereal aphid, garlic intercropping and related emitted volatiles are expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management systems and to potentially reduce the amount of traditional synthetic pesticides applied in wheat fields.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(No.19-15-00010)
文摘Garlic(Allium sativum) is a widely known medicinal plant, potential of which remains to be fully evaluated. Its wide-range beneficial effects appear to be relevant for treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and related diseases. It is generally believed that garlic-based preparations are able to improve lipid profile in humans, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, suppress low density lipoprotein oxidation, modulate blood pressure, suppress platelet aggregation, lower plasma fibrinogen level and increase fibrinolytic activity, thus providing clinically relevant cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is important to assess the level of evidence available for different protective effects of garlic and to understand the underlying mechanisms. This information will allow adequate integration of garlic-based preparations to clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic preparations, focusing on antihyperlipidemic, hypotensive, anti-platelet and direct anti-atherosclerotic activities of the medicinal plant. We also provide an overview of available meta-analyses and a number of clinical trials that assess the beneficial effects of garlic.
基金Supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research,New Delhi,India,No.45/39/2002-PHA/BMS
文摘AIM： To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of garlic on liver injury induced by isoniazid （INH） and rifarnpicin （RIF）. METHODS： Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were treated orally with 50 mg/kg of INH and RIF daily each for 28 d. For hepatoprotective studies, 0.25 g/kg per day of freshly prepared garlic hornogenate was administered orally half an hour before the INH＋RIF doses. Serum alanine arninotransferase （AIT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and bilirubin were estimated on d 0, 14, 21, and 28 in all the rats. Histological analysis was carried out to assess the injury to the liver. Lipid peroxidation （1PO） as a marker of oxidative stress and non-protein thiols （glutathione） for antioxidant levels were measured in liver hornogenate. RESULTS： The treatment of rats with INH＋RIF （50 mg/kg per day each） induced hepatotoxicity in all the treated animals as judged by elevated serum ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels, presence of focal hepatocytic necrosis （6/8） and portal triaditis （8/8）. Garlic simultaneously administered at a dose of 0.25 g/kg per day prevented the induction of histopathological injuries in INH＋RIF co-treated animals, except in 4 animals, which showed only moderate portal triaditis. The histological changes correlated with oxidative stress in INH＋RIF treated animals. The group which received 0.25 g/kg per day garlic hornogenate along with INH＋RIF showed higher levels of glutathione （P〈0.05） and low levels of 1PO （P〈 0.05） as compared to INH＋RIF treated group. CONCLUSION： Freshly prepared garlic homogenate protects against INH＋RIF-induced liver injury in experimental animal model.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960179)~~
文摘[ Objective] Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study fistular onion （Alliumfistulosum） and garlic （Allium sativum） rust leaves, so as to explore the application potential of mid-infrared spectroscopy in the diagnosis of crop disease. [ Method] The normal green leaves and rust leaves of fistular onion and garlic were tested using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their spectral differences were analyzed. [ Result] The infrared spectra of green leaves of fistular onion and garlic are mainly composed of the vibrational bands of polysaccharides, protein and ester. Normal and rust leaves exhibited differences in the fin- gerprint interval of 1 800 -900 cm-1 , in which the band at 1 640 cm-1 in the spectrum of flstular onion rust leaf became stronger, and the band at 1 103 cm-1 was not obvious compared with the spectrum of normal leaf. The absorbance ratios A1640/A1063, A1640/A1736, A1640/A2924, and A1063/A2924 of onion rust leaf were larger than the corresponding ratios A1638/A1 059, A1738/A1 38, A2921/A1638, and A2 92l/A1059 in the spectrum of normal leaf. The band of polysaccharides at 1 056 cm-1 in the spectrmn of garlic normal leaf was the strongest in fingerprint area, while the band at 1 634 cm-1 in the spectrum of garlic rust leaf was the strongest in that are- a. The absorbance ratios A1634/A1069 , A1634/A1099 , A1409/A2923 , and A1634/A737 of garlic rust leaf were larger than the corresponding ratios A1627/A1056 , A1623/A1104 , A1411/A2920 and A1627/A1740 of normal leaves. While the ratios A1634/A2923, A1059/A2923, and A1737/A2923 of garlic rust leaf were less than the corresponding values of A1627/A2920, A1056/A2920, and A1 740/A2920 of normal leaf. [ Conclusion] Rust leaf and normal leaf could be distinguished according to the differences in infrared spectra, and infrared spectroscopy could be developed as the detection method for crop diseases.
基金Supported by National Major Water Project of Eleventh Five-Year Plan(2008ZX07105002)~~
文摘We undertook a pyrolysis research on garlic stalks to solve its difficulty in use. We found that the inorganic salts in biomass played an important role in catalytic pyrolysis. Moreover, we studied the pyrolysis behavior under catalyst and catalyst-free conditions. The results showed that the weightlessness rate of garlic stalks was the highest at 550 ℃ under catalyst-free condition. The oil production rate increased with the increase of temperature and reached the peak at 550 ℃. Subsequently, as the temperature increased, the secondary cracking was intensified and oil production rate was decreased. The oil production rate increased significantly （almost 15%） under catalysis of KOH. However, the oil production rate was the highest at 500-600℃. What＇s more, we found that KOH played a major role in promoting decomposition of surface skin cells and subcutaneous fibrous layer of garlic stalks.
基金Supported by University of Condar(UOG/Budget/no.6215),Condar,Ethiopia
文摘Objective:To investigate the synergic antibacterial activity of garlic and tazma honey against standard and clinical pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Antimicrobial activity of tazma honey,garlic and mixture of them against pathogenic bacteria were determined.Chloramphenicol and water were used as positive and negative controls,respectively.Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration of antimicrobial samples were determined using standard methods.Results:Inhibition zone of mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all tested pathogens was significantly(P≤0.05)greater than garlic and tazma honey alone.The diameter zone of inhibition ranged from(18±1)to(35±1)mm for mixture of garlic and tazma honey,(12±1)to(20±1)nun for tazma honey and(14±1)to(22±1)mm for garlic as compared with(10±1)to(30±1)mm for chloramphenicol.The combination of garlic and tazma honey(30-35 mm)was more significantly(P≤0.05)effective against Salmonella(NCTC 8385),Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923),Lyesria moncytogenes(ATCC 19116)and Streptococcus pneumonia(ATCC 63).Results also showed considerable antimicrobial activity of garlic and tazma honey.MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at 6.25%against total test bacteria was 88.9%.MIC of mixture of garlic and tazma honey at6.25%against Gram positive and negative were 100%and 83.33%,respectively.The bactericidal activities of garlic,tazma honey,and mixture of garlic and tazma honey against all pathogenic bacteria at 6.25%concentration were 66.6%,55.6%and 55.6%,respectively.Conclusions:This finding strongly supports the claim of the local community to use the combination of tazma honey and garlic for the treatment of different pathogenic bacterial infections.Therefore,garlic in combination with tazma honey can serve as an alternative natural antimicrobial drug for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections.Further in vivo study is recommended to come up with a comprehensive conclusion.
文摘Aim： To investigate the effects of crude garlic on adult male rat reproductive functions. Methods： Thirty male rats were divided into five groups： group 1 （untreated） and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed for 30 days with 5%, 10%, 15% and 30% crude garlic, respectively. Testes and accessory organs were weighed and some markers were assessed. Light and electron microscopy observations were also performed. Results： A significant decrease was observed in the body weight of groups 4 （14%; P 〈 0.01） and 5 （20%; P 〈 0.01）; of the prostate weight in group 5 （29.1%; P 〈 0.05） and of seminal vesicle weight in groups 3 （14.4%; P 〈 0.01）, 4 （18.3%; P 〈 0.01） and 5 （27.3%; P 〈 0.01）. In contrast, testis and epididymis weights were unchanged. In epididymis tissue, the alpha glucosidase activity and the spermatozoa density were unchanged. The treatment resulted in a significant decrease in testosterone serum levels in groups 3 （77.3%; P 〈 0.01）, 4 （77.3%; P 〈 0.01） and 5 （90.9%; P 〈 0.01）, associated with a significant increase in LH serum levels （P 〈 0.01）. Testicular histology showed a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of empty seminiferous tubules. Moreover, testicular function was affected; a significant decrease in phosphatase acid activity （P 〈 0.01） and testosterone （P 〈 0.05） contents were observed. Conclusion： Crude garlic consumption during 1 month reduced testosterone secretion and altered spermatogenesis at 10%, 15% and 30% doses.
基金supported by the Education Development Fund of Northwest A&F University (2017) to Z.Chengthe Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2452019017) to Y.Pan
文摘Garlic(Allium sativum),an asexually propagated vegetable and medicinal crop,has abundant genetic variation.Genetic diversity evaluation based on molecular markers has apparent advantages since their genomic abundance,environment insensitivity,and non-tissue specific features.However,the limited number of available DNA markers,especially SSR markers,are insufficient to conduct related genetic diversity assessment studies in garlic.In this study,4372 EST-SSR markers were newly developed,and 12 polymorphic markers together with other 17 garlic SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 127 garlic accessions.The averaged polymorphism information content(PIC)of these 29 SSR markers was 0.36,ranging from 0.22 to 0.49.Seventy-nine polymorphic loci were detected among these accessions,with an average of 3.48 polymorphic loci per SSR.Both the clustering analyses based on either the genotype data of SSR markers or the phenotypic data of morphological traits obtained genetic distance divided the 127 garlic accessions into three clusters.Moreover,the Mantel test showed that genetic distance had no significant correlations with geographic distance,and weak correlations were found between genetic distance and the phenotypic traits.AMOVA analysis showed that the main genetic variation of this garlic germplasm collection existed in the within-population or cluster.Results of this study will be of great value for the genetic/breeding studies in garlic and enhance the utilization of these garlic germplasms.
