BACKGROUND Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides(G.jasminoides)have extremely high medicinal value.However,the quality and traits of the plants vary significantly based on their provenances.In addition,the behaviour of the k...BACKGROUND Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides(G.jasminoides)have extremely high medicinal value.However,the quality and traits of the plants vary significantly based on their provenances.In addition,the behaviour of the known bioactive components,such as geniposide and crocin,has been the primary focus of the research on G.jasminoides.However,the identification of unknown bioactive components and their metabolomics remains underexplored.Therefore,analysing the metabolic differences between gardenias from different sources is essential to provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for the evaluation of G.jasminoides and germplasm resource identification.AIM To systematically evaluate the morphology,secondary metabolites,typical active ingredients,and antioxidant activity of wild G.jasminoides fruits.METHODS Gardenia fruits were collected from different provenances.Metabolites were identified via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The metabolic differences were compared using hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA).The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays,and its correlation with typical active ingredients was analysed.RESULTS A total of 444 and 240 metabolites were identified using UPLC-MS/MS in positive and negative ion modes,respectively.The HCA results of the flavonoids indicated that the higher content of flavonoids was in the fruits from Lukou.The differential analysis of metabolites in fruits from Shaoyang,Miluo and Lukou showed that the fruit from Miluo had the highest upregulated differential metabolites.CONCLUSION The metabolic characteristics of the Ningxiang and Xiangxi extracts were similar,while those of Lukou,Miluo and Shaoyang extracts differed significantly.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of tota...[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.展开更多
Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life co...Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life contexts.Gardeniae Fructus oil(OGF)is a waste byproduct of the food industry with promising recycling potential.While previous research has demonstrated the antidepressant effects of OGF,the precise mechanism remains unclear.To fill this gap in the literature,this paper elucidates the composition and potential antidepressant mechanism of OGF.According to the results,OGF is mainly composed of fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter.OGF could effectively attenuate depression-like behaviors in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Mechanisms include improving gut dysbiosis,regulating short-chain fatty acids,protecting the intestinal barrier function,reducing hippocampal damage,and alleviating neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments confirmed the involvement of the gut microbiota in the modulation of depression-like behavior by OGF.This study establishes the antidepressant effects of OGF as well as the underlying mechanism,demonstrating its potential as a novel dietary intervention for depression treatment.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the pharmacological effects of Gardenia jasminoides and its potential benefits on eye skin.[Methods]TCMSP and SymMap databases were used to screen the active components and corresponding targets...[Objectives]To explore the pharmacological effects of Gardenia jasminoides and its potential benefits on eye skin.[Methods]TCMSP and SymMap databases were used to screen the active components and corresponding targets of G.jasminoides.Human eye skin-related targets were screened,and the active component-target network and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network were established.Gene ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis were performed.[Results]Twenty-six active compounds were screened out from G.jasminoides,and 277 targets were obtained.From the Gencards database,26652 disease targets were retrieved and 205 related gene targets were screened.The active component-action target network of G.jasminoides constructed by Cytoscape software revealed the potential of G.jasminoides to play a role in multiple biological pathways.In addition,PPI-network analysis,GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the active components of G.jasminoides mainly regulate the biological processes such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress and apoptosis,involving MAPK,NF-κB and other important signaling pathways.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the eye skin protection of G.jasminoides and an important clue for future drug development.展开更多
Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructu...Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L9（3）4], including the ratio of buffer solution （Na2B4O7· 10H2O） to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample. Results The maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 （mg/g） after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 （g/mL）, and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCI-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts. Conclusion This work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.展开更多
A new iridoid glycoside, 6＇-O-sinapoylgeniposide, was isolated from Gardeniajasminoides Ellis and its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS techniques.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal dosage ratio of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides in treating the rates with fatty liver disease induced by high-fat feed.METHODS: A rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal dosage ratio of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides in treating the rates with fatty liver disease induced by high-fat feed.METHODS: A rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) was established by using a high-fat diet. According to mathematical model "uniform design", varying doses of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides have been combined to form 6 medications for the treatment of NAFLD.Samples were then taken to observe pathological changes of the liver tissue(HE staining); changes in the fat metabolism pathway e.g. triglyceride(TG)and free fatty acid(FFA) content; alterations in liver function, i.e. serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity; and differences in Malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) content in the liver tissue. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the optimal dosage ratio of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides.RESULTS: Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes of different degrees occurred in hepatic cells of the model group. Markers for fat metabolism, serum ALT and AST activities, and expression of MDA in liver tissue significantly increased, while SOD decreased. Combination of 90 mg chlorogenic acid and 90 mg Gardenia glycosides was the optimal dosage ratio of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides in the treatment of rats with fatty liver induced by high-fat diet.CONCLUSION: Chlorogenic acid of 90 mg plus gardenia glycosides of 90 mg was the best combination in the treatment of fatty liver disease in rats induced by high-fat feed.展开更多
Herbal extracts have been extensively used worldwide for their application on memory improvement, especially among aged and memory-deficit populations. In the present study, the memory loss induced by human Abeta prot...Herbal extracts have been extensively used worldwide for their application on memory improvement, especially among aged and memory-deficit populations. In the present study, the memory loss induced by human Abeta protein over-expression in fruitfly Alzheimer's disease(AD) model was rescued by multiple extracts from Gardenia jasminoides. Three extracts that rich with gardenia yellow, geniposide, and gardenoside components showed distinct rescue effect on memory loss. Further investigation on adding gardenoside into a formula of Ganoderma lucidum, Panax notoginseng and Panax ginseng(GPP) also support its therapeutic effects on memory improvement. Interestingly, the application of GPP and gardenoside did not alter the accumulation of Abeta proteins but suppressed the expression of immune-related genes in the brain. These results revealed the importance and relevancy of anti-inflammation process and the underlying mechanisms on rescuing memory deficits, suggesting the potential therapeutic use of the improved GPP formulation in improving cognition in defined population in the future.展开更多
Gardeniae Fructus(GF)and Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP)are both medicine food homologies and widely used in Chinese clinical prescriptions together.The research investigated the pharmacokinetics of four iridoids in norm...Gardeniae Fructus(GF)and Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP)are both medicine food homologies and widely used in Chinese clinical prescriptions together.The research investigated the pharmacokinetics of four iridoids in normal rats and isolfavones-fed rats,which were administered with isolfavones from SSP for 7,14,21 and 28 consecutive days.A validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for determining shanzhiside,genipin-1-gentiobioside,geniposide and their metabolite genipin in rat plasma.Plasma samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction using paeoniflorin as the internal standard.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Atlantis T3(4.6 mm×150 mm,3 mm)column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitril and water(containing 0.06%acetic acid).The mass detection was under the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode via polarity switching between negative and positive ionization modes.The calibration curves exhibited good linearity(r>0.997)for all components.The lower limit of quantitation was in the range of 1 e10 ng/m L.The intra-day and inter-day precisions(RSD)at three different levels were both less than 12.2%and the accuracies(RE)ranged fromà10.1%to 16.4%.The extraction recovery of them ranged from 53.8%to 99.7%.Pharmacokinetic results indicated the bioavailability of three iridoid glycosides and the metabolite,genipin in normal rats was higher than that in rats exposed to isoflavones.With the longer time of administration of isoflavones,plasma concentrations of iridoids decreased,while genipin sulfate,the phase II metabolite of genposide and genipin-1-gentiobioside,appeared the rising exposure.The pharmacokinetic profiles of main iridoids from GF were altered by isoflavones.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated ...AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated group, （2） treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, （3） treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg. GJ was administered orally （n = 6 per group） for 1 wk. Three hours later, the mice were given anintraperitoneal injection of cerulein （50 μg/kg）, a stable cholecystokinin （CCK） analogue, every hour for a total of 6h as described previously. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels. The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring. A portion of pancreas was stored at -70℃ and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, an indicator of neutrophil sequestration, and for reverse-transcriptase PCR （RT-PCR） and real-time PCR measurements. RESULTS： Treatment with G.1 decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Treatment with G.1 attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice, as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and lipase levels, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitisassociated lung injury.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of Gardenia jasminoides in liver fibrosis.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent common bile duct ligation(BDL) for 14 d and were treated with Gardenia jasminoide...AIM:To investigate the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of Gardenia jasminoides in liver fibrosis.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent common bile duct ligation(BDL) for 14 d and were treated with Gardenia jasminoides by gavage.The ef-fects of Gardenia jasminoides on liver fibrosis and the detailed molecular mechanisms were also assessed in human hepatic stellate cells(LX-2) in vitro.RESULTS:Treatment with Gardenia jasminoides decreased serum alanine aminotransferase(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,146.6 ± 15 U/L vs 77 ± 6.5 U/L,P = 0.0007) and aspartate aminotransferase(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,188 ± 35.2 U/L vs 128 ± 19 U/L,P = 0.005) as well as hydroxyproline(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,438 ± 40.2 μg/g vs 228 ± 10.3 μg/g liver tissue,P = 0.004) after BDL.Furthermore,Gardenia jasminoides significantly reduced liver mRNA and/or protein expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),collagen type?Ⅰ?(Col?Ⅰ) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Gardenia jasminoides significantly suppressed the upregulation of TGF-β1,Col?Ⅰand α-SMA in LX-2 exposed to recombinant TGF-β1.Moreover,Gardenia jasminoides inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in LX-2 cells.CONCLUSION:Gardenia jasminoides exerts antifibrotic effects in the liver fibrosis and may represent a novel antifibrotic agent.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Zhi Zi(Fructus Gardeniae) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet in the rat.METHODS:A rat model of NAFLD was established using a high-fat diet.Tw...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Zhi Zi(Fructus Gardeniae) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet in the rat.METHODS:A rat model of NAFLD was established using a high-fat diet.Twenty one rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group and a Zhi Zi treatment group,7 rats per group.Drinking water and the drug were intragastrically administrated for 5 weeks.Samples were then taken to observe pathological changes of the liver tissue(HE staining);changes in the fat metabolism pathway e.g.triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) content;alterations in liver function,i.e.serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity;and differences in tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and P-IkB protein expression in the liver tissue.RESULTS:Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes of different degrees occurred in hepatic cells of the model group.Markers for fat metabolism,serum ALT and AST activities,and expressionof TNF-α and P-IkB proteins in liver tissue significantly increased.Fat metabolism in the Zhi Zi group significantly reduced,as shown by a drop in marker levels.Serum ALT and AST activities,and expression of TNF-α,P-IkB proteins in liver tissue were also significantly decreased in this group.CONCLUSION:Zhi Zi has a very strong inhibitory action on lipidosis and inflammatory injury in the rat model of NAFLD.This mechanism may possibly be related to the inhibition of the free fatty acid metabolism pathway.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the structure and properties of gardenia, the gardenia was extracted in neutral bath. The mordant dyeing of cotton, including pre-mordant, one-bath and post-mordant were studied, and the dyein...Based on the analysis of the structure and properties of gardenia, the gardenia was extracted in neutral bath. The mordant dyeing of cotton, including pre-mordant, one-bath and post-mordant were studied, and the dyeing properties such as dye K/S value and color fastness were investigated. According to the structure and property of mordants including alum, copper sulfate, iron sulfate and rare earth, the interaction mechanisms among gardenia, mordant and cotton fibers were analyzed and the processing factors affecting the mordant dyeing were discussed. As a result, gardenia showed favorable dyeing performance on cotton. The soaping color fastness and crocking fastness were improved by 0.5-1 grade after fixation process with the selected dye-fixing agent and optimized process conditions. The dyeing process and fixation process were optimized.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To study the chemical constituents of Zhizi （Fructus Gardeniae） and their antiamnesic ef- fect in a mouse model of Alzheimer＇s disease. METHODS： Ameliorating effects of the extracts, fractions and cons...OBJECTIVE： To study the chemical constituents of Zhizi （Fructus Gardeniae） and their antiamnesic ef- fect in a mouse model of Alzheimer＇s disease. METHODS： Ameliorating effects of the extracts, fractions and constituents on scopolamine-in- duced memory impairment in vivo using a passive avoidance task system and their inhibitory activi- ties on acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） in vitro were ex- amined. The isolation of components was per- formed by chromatographic techniques and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS： Activity-guided fractionation of the total extracts resulted in the isolation of two glycosides, geniposide and cr0cin from the n-butanol fraction and genipin and crocetin from the ethylacetate fraction. Among the fractions tested, n-butanol fraction showed the strongest AChE inhibition （43.4% at a final dose of 0.03 mg/mL） and also ex- hibited outstanding efficacy （65.9% at a dose of2.50 mg/kg） in an experimental model of amnesia. Geniposide showed a 22.8% AChE inhibitory activi- ty and a potent ameliorating effect on scopol- amine-induced memory impairment in amnesic mice of 93.4% as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION： Geniposide, a main constituent of gardenia should be considered a candidate for fur- ther clinical study for the purpose of developing a cognition activator and its mechanism of action may be mediated, at least in part, by the acetylcho- line enhancing cholinergic nervous system.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-platelet aggregation and antithrombotic effects in rats of iridoid glycosides extracted from Zhizi (FructusGardeniae). METHODS: The present study evaluated the antithrombotic activit...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-platelet aggregation and antithrombotic effects in rats of iridoid glycosides extracted from Zhizi (FructusGardeniae). METHODS: The present study evaluated the antithrombotic activity of iridoid glycosides (IGs) in a rat model of carotid artery thrombosis. The effects on coagulation, such as thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT), and the effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vivo were investigated. Rats were intragastrically administered IGs (50, 100 or 200 mg/ kg) twice daily for 3 days. RESULTS: IGs were shown for the first time to have an antithrombotic action through the inhibition of platelet aggregation, with little effect on the coagulation time of peripheral blood. Our results also showed that IGs may significantly and dose-dependently reduce arterial thrombus load in a model of carotid artery thrombosis and inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation in rats. IGs (100or 200 mg/kg) had no significant effect on APTT and PT, but did lengthenTT at a higher dose. CONCLUSION: These data, together with the previously reported neuroprotective effects of IGs in rats with cerebral ischemia, suggest that the antithrombotic action of IGs may potentially contribute to the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases, including cerebral apoplexy.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the response of Gardenia to purple soil drought stress,hoping to provide a reference for the selection of plants for vegetation restoration in purple soil regions.[M...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the response of Gardenia to purple soil drought stress,hoping to provide a reference for the selection of plants for vegetation restoration in purple soil regions.[Methods]The pot-weighing water control method was used to apply different degrees of drought stress to Gardenia seedlings in purple soil,and the effects of drought stress on the electrical conductivity,chlorophyll content,leaf morphology and structure of Gardenia leaves were explored.[Results]The leaf electrical conductivity increased with the increase of drought stress intensity,and the leaf electrical conductivity under severe drought stress increased by 59.93%compared with the control;the chlorophyll content of Gardenia showed a single-peak changing trend that increased and then decreased with the development of drought stress,and it was the highest in each stress stage under severe drought stress;the leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness of Gardenia were reduced with the stress degree increasing,and showed the largest decreases under severe stress;the stomatal length,stomatal width and stomatal opening of Gardenia gradually decreased with the increase of stress,while the stomatal density gradually increased.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical and resource basis for vegetation restoration in purple soil.展开更多
Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice increased levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and decreased level of serum insulin. Effects of Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風...Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice increased levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and decreased level of serum insulin. Effects of Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風通聖散) and its composed crude drug, gardeniae fructus (GF: 山梔子) were investigated on levels of these diabetic parameters (serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol) in STZ-diabetic mice. BOF and GF were extracted in 10 volumes of distilled water with an automatic extractor “Torobi”. STZ-induced diabetic mice with serum glucose level of over 600 mg/dl at 3 - 4 weeks after intravenous injection of 150 mg/kg STZ were used for experiments. BOF extract, GF extract, geniposide (a main constituent of GF), and glibenclamide were administered intraperitoneally into 3-hour-fasted STZ-diabetic mice. At 6 hours after administration, BOF extract (100 - 300 mg/kg) decreased high levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and also increased low level of serum insulin in STZ-diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (0.3 - 1 mg/kg) as positive control significantly decreased serum glucose and cholesterol levels, and increased serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. GF extract (30 - 300 mg/kg) decreased serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels but did not affect serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. Geniposide (10 - 100 mg/kg), decreased serum glucose level but did not affect serum insulin and triglyceride levels in the diabetic mice. These results demonstrated that intraperitoneally administrated BOF extract improved abnormal levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol in the STZ-diabetic mice as being similar to glibenclamide. GF extract has an important role in a part of improving actions of BOF in the diabetic mice. The action of GF extract on serum glucose was parallel with the action of geniposide in the diabetic mice, supporting roles of geniposide in anti-hyperglycemic action of GF.展开更多
Two medicinal plants,<span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i&g...Two medicinal plants,<span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>agrestis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were selected</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate their biological activities. Their total phenolic and flavonoid contents</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">were assessed using folin-ciocalteu and aluminum chloride regents’ methods. The antioxidant activity was estimated using DPPH (1,1-diphényl-2-picrylhydrazyl),</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ABTS (</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2,2’-azinobis-[3-ethylenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was determined </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on 42 NMRI mice. The results indicate that all the extracts from both two plants contain some polyphenols. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the best antioxidant activity by the method of DPPH. The aqueous extracts of the leaves of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the whole plant of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">agrestis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> have a reducing power similar to control (quercetin). All the extracts have a low capacity to scavenge the ABTS radical cation compared to the controls (trolox and quercetin). Concerning the antiplasmodial activity, all the extracts presented moderate antiplamodial activities. This result could justify the traditional uses of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>erubescens</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>agrestis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to treat of malaria in Burkina Faso.</span></span>展开更多
基金Supported by The Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Funded Project of Hunan Forestry Bureau,No.XLKY202221。
文摘BACKGROUND Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides(G.jasminoides)have extremely high medicinal value.However,the quality and traits of the plants vary significantly based on their provenances.In addition,the behaviour of the known bioactive components,such as geniposide and crocin,has been the primary focus of the research on G.jasminoides.However,the identification of unknown bioactive components and their metabolomics remains underexplored.Therefore,analysing the metabolic differences between gardenias from different sources is essential to provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for the evaluation of G.jasminoides and germplasm resource identification.AIM To systematically evaluate the morphology,secondary metabolites,typical active ingredients,and antioxidant activity of wild G.jasminoides fruits.METHODS Gardenia fruits were collected from different provenances.Metabolites were identified via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The metabolic differences were compared using hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA).The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays,and its correlation with typical active ingredients was analysed.RESULTS A total of 444 and 240 metabolites were identified using UPLC-MS/MS in positive and negative ion modes,respectively.The HCA results of the flavonoids indicated that the higher content of flavonoids was in the fruits from Lukou.The differential analysis of metabolites in fruits from Shaoyang,Miluo and Lukou showed that the fruit from Miluo had the highest upregulated differential metabolites.CONCLUSION The metabolic characteristics of the Ningxiang and Xiangxi extracts were similar,while those of Lukou,Miluo and Shaoyang extracts differed significantly.
基金Supported by Shanghai Putuo District R&D Platform Project(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFD225)the Major Task Innovation Project of Hubei Province(2023BEB011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB403)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Project of Hubei Province(2019ZYYD069)。
文摘Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life contexts.Gardeniae Fructus oil(OGF)is a waste byproduct of the food industry with promising recycling potential.While previous research has demonstrated the antidepressant effects of OGF,the precise mechanism remains unclear.To fill this gap in the literature,this paper elucidates the composition and potential antidepressant mechanism of OGF.According to the results,OGF is mainly composed of fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter.OGF could effectively attenuate depression-like behaviors in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Mechanisms include improving gut dysbiosis,regulating short-chain fatty acids,protecting the intestinal barrier function,reducing hippocampal damage,and alleviating neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments confirmed the involvement of the gut microbiota in the modulation of depression-like behavior by OGF.This study establishes the antidepressant effects of OGF as well as the underlying mechanism,demonstrating its potential as a novel dietary intervention for depression treatment.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the pharmacological effects of Gardenia jasminoides and its potential benefits on eye skin.[Methods]TCMSP and SymMap databases were used to screen the active components and corresponding targets of G.jasminoides.Human eye skin-related targets were screened,and the active component-target network and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network were established.Gene ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis were performed.[Results]Twenty-six active compounds were screened out from G.jasminoides,and 277 targets were obtained.From the Gencards database,26652 disease targets were retrieved and 205 related gene targets were screened.The active component-action target network of G.jasminoides constructed by Cytoscape software revealed the potential of G.jasminoides to play a role in multiple biological pathways.In addition,PPI-network analysis,GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the active components of G.jasminoides mainly regulate the biological processes such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress and apoptosis,involving MAPK,NF-κB and other important signaling pathways.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the eye skin protection of G.jasminoides and an important clue for future drug development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21067004)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(22020)
文摘Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L9（3）4], including the ratio of buffer solution （Na2B4O7· 10H2O） to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample. Results The maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 （mg/g） after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 （g/mL）, and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCI-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts. Conclusion This work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30600805)supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-06-0497).
文摘A new iridoid glycoside, 6＇-O-sinapoylgeniposide, was isolated from Gardeniajasminoides Ellis and its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS techniques.
基金Supported by the General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,Research of the Ratio Optimization between Chlorogenic Acid and Geniposide for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,the Mechanism of Action for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition(No.81274155),Mechanism of Chlorogenic Acid and Geniposide for NASH by Regulating Kupffer Cells Polarization Based on Gut-liver Axis(No.81673660),the Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,Research on the mechanism of compound prescription of Chinese traditional medicine regulating endocannabinoid system in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(No.81503529),Mechanism of treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by"HJJB"compound of Chinese traditional medicine based on insulin transduction(No.81503404)the Pilot Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,Study of Compound Prescription of Chinese Traditional Medicine on Fibrosis Based on Endocannabinoid System(No.2016D012)+1 种基金the TCM Project of Fujian Health Department,Clinic Research of Chinese Traditional Medicine for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver(No.wzpw201308)the General Project of Xiamen Science and Technology Program Grant,Research of Chinese Traditional Medicine with IFNαTreatment on CHB(No.3502Z20134020)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal dosage ratio of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides in treating the rates with fatty liver disease induced by high-fat feed.METHODS: A rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) was established by using a high-fat diet. According to mathematical model "uniform design", varying doses of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides have been combined to form 6 medications for the treatment of NAFLD.Samples were then taken to observe pathological changes of the liver tissue(HE staining); changes in the fat metabolism pathway e.g. triglyceride(TG)and free fatty acid(FFA) content; alterations in liver function, i.e. serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity; and differences in Malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) content in the liver tissue. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the optimal dosage ratio of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides.RESULTS: Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes of different degrees occurred in hepatic cells of the model group. Markers for fat metabolism, serum ALT and AST activities, and expression of MDA in liver tissue significantly increased, while SOD decreased. Combination of 90 mg chlorogenic acid and 90 mg Gardenia glycosides was the optimal dosage ratio of chlorogenic acid and gardenia glycosides in the treatment of rats with fatty liver induced by high-fat diet.CONCLUSION: Chlorogenic acid of 90 mg plus gardenia glycosides of 90 mg was the best combination in the treatment of fatty liver disease in rats induced by high-fat feed.
基金supported by programs of Thousand Talents Program Research Park(Jiangsu,China)Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurial Talent,Jiangsu,China(to I.F.P,)Development of Society and Technology(Kunshan City,Jiangsu,China)
文摘Herbal extracts have been extensively used worldwide for their application on memory improvement, especially among aged and memory-deficit populations. In the present study, the memory loss induced by human Abeta protein over-expression in fruitfly Alzheimer's disease(AD) model was rescued by multiple extracts from Gardenia jasminoides. Three extracts that rich with gardenia yellow, geniposide, and gardenoside components showed distinct rescue effect on memory loss. Further investigation on adding gardenoside into a formula of Ganoderma lucidum, Panax notoginseng and Panax ginseng(GPP) also support its therapeutic effects on memory improvement. Interestingly, the application of GPP and gardenoside did not alter the accumulation of Abeta proteins but suppressed the expression of immune-related genes in the brain. These results revealed the importance and relevancy of anti-inflammation process and the underlying mechanisms on rescuing memory deficits, suggesting the potential therapeutic use of the improved GPP formulation in improving cognition in defined population in the future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 81573584,81773862)。
文摘Gardeniae Fructus(GF)and Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP)are both medicine food homologies and widely used in Chinese clinical prescriptions together.The research investigated the pharmacokinetics of four iridoids in normal rats and isolfavones-fed rats,which were administered with isolfavones from SSP for 7,14,21 and 28 consecutive days.A validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for determining shanzhiside,genipin-1-gentiobioside,geniposide and their metabolite genipin in rat plasma.Plasma samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction using paeoniflorin as the internal standard.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Atlantis T3(4.6 mm×150 mm,3 mm)column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitril and water(containing 0.06%acetic acid).The mass detection was under the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode via polarity switching between negative and positive ionization modes.The calibration curves exhibited good linearity(r>0.997)for all components.The lower limit of quantitation was in the range of 1 e10 ng/m L.The intra-day and inter-day precisions(RSD)at three different levels were both less than 12.2%and the accuracies(RE)ranged fromà10.1%to 16.4%.The extraction recovery of them ranged from 53.8%to 99.7%.Pharmacokinetic results indicated the bioavailability of three iridoid glycosides and the metabolite,genipin in normal rats was higher than that in rats exposed to isoflavones.With the longer time of administration of isoflavones,plasma concentrations of iridoids decreased,while genipin sulfate,the phase II metabolite of genposide and genipin-1-gentiobioside,appeared the rising exposure.The pharmacokinetic profiles of main iridoids from GF were altered by isoflavones.
基金The Ministry of Science & Technology (MoST)/Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Vestibulocochlear Research Center (VCRC) at Wonkwang University (R13-2002-055-00000-0)
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of Garden/a fasm/noides （GJ） on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis （AP） in mice. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups. （1） Normal salinetreated group, （2） treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, （3） treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg. GJ was administered orally （n = 6 per group） for 1 wk. Three hours later, the mice were given anintraperitoneal injection of cerulein （50 μg/kg）, a stable cholecystokinin （CCK） analogue, every hour for a total of 6h as described previously. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels. The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring. A portion of pancreas was stored at -70℃ and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, an indicator of neutrophil sequestration, and for reverse-transcriptase PCR （RT-PCR） and real-time PCR measurements. RESULTS： Treatment with G.1 decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Treatment with G.1 attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice, as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, serum amylase and lipase levels, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitisassociated lung injury.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81170450 to Lu MQ and No.81200308 to Lan TThe PhD Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,No.S2012040008026The New Star of Science and Technology Foundation of Zhu Jiang in Guangzhou City
文摘AIM:To investigate the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of Gardenia jasminoides in liver fibrosis.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent common bile duct ligation(BDL) for 14 d and were treated with Gardenia jasminoides by gavage.The ef-fects of Gardenia jasminoides on liver fibrosis and the detailed molecular mechanisms were also assessed in human hepatic stellate cells(LX-2) in vitro.RESULTS:Treatment with Gardenia jasminoides decreased serum alanine aminotransferase(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,146.6 ± 15 U/L vs 77 ± 6.5 U/L,P = 0.0007) and aspartate aminotransferase(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,188 ± 35.2 U/L vs 128 ± 19 U/L,P = 0.005) as well as hydroxyproline(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,438 ± 40.2 μg/g vs 228 ± 10.3 μg/g liver tissue,P = 0.004) after BDL.Furthermore,Gardenia jasminoides significantly reduced liver mRNA and/or protein expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),collagen type?Ⅰ?(Col?Ⅰ) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Gardenia jasminoides significantly suppressed the upregulation of TGF-β1,Col?Ⅰand α-SMA in LX-2 exposed to recombinant TGF-β1.Moreover,Gardenia jasminoides inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in LX-2 cells.CONCLUSION:Gardenia jasminoides exerts antifibrotic effects in the liver fibrosis and may represent a novel antifibrotic agent.
基金Supported by Xiamen City Key Science and Technique Plan,NO.3502Z20100006Xiamen University's Student Experimental Plan for New Ideas,NO.XDDC 2011090
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Zhi Zi(Fructus Gardeniae) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet in the rat.METHODS:A rat model of NAFLD was established using a high-fat diet.Twenty one rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group and a Zhi Zi treatment group,7 rats per group.Drinking water and the drug were intragastrically administrated for 5 weeks.Samples were then taken to observe pathological changes of the liver tissue(HE staining);changes in the fat metabolism pathway e.g.triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) content;alterations in liver function,i.e.serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity;and differences in tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and P-IkB protein expression in the liver tissue.RESULTS:Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes of different degrees occurred in hepatic cells of the model group.Markers for fat metabolism,serum ALT and AST activities,and expressionof TNF-α and P-IkB proteins in liver tissue significantly increased.Fat metabolism in the Zhi Zi group significantly reduced,as shown by a drop in marker levels.Serum ALT and AST activities,and expression of TNF-α,P-IkB proteins in liver tissue were also significantly decreased in this group.CONCLUSION:Zhi Zi has a very strong inhibitory action on lipidosis and inflammatory injury in the rat model of NAFLD.This mechanism may possibly be related to the inhibition of the free fatty acid metabolism pathway.
文摘Based on the analysis of the structure and properties of gardenia, the gardenia was extracted in neutral bath. The mordant dyeing of cotton, including pre-mordant, one-bath and post-mordant were studied, and the dyeing properties such as dye K/S value and color fastness were investigated. According to the structure and property of mordants including alum, copper sulfate, iron sulfate and rare earth, the interaction mechanisms among gardenia, mordant and cotton fibers were analyzed and the processing factors affecting the mordant dyeing were discussed. As a result, gardenia showed favorable dyeing performance on cotton. The soaping color fastness and crocking fastness were improved by 0.5-1 grade after fixation process with the selected dye-fixing agent and optimized process conditions. The dyeing process and fixation process were optimized.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology (MEST)Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation
文摘OBJECTIVE： To study the chemical constituents of Zhizi （Fructus Gardeniae） and their antiamnesic ef- fect in a mouse model of Alzheimer＇s disease. METHODS： Ameliorating effects of the extracts, fractions and constituents on scopolamine-in- duced memory impairment in vivo using a passive avoidance task system and their inhibitory activi- ties on acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） in vitro were ex- amined. The isolation of components was per- formed by chromatographic techniques and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS： Activity-guided fractionation of the total extracts resulted in the isolation of two glycosides, geniposide and cr0cin from the n-butanol fraction and genipin and crocetin from the ethylacetate fraction. Among the fractions tested, n-butanol fraction showed the strongest AChE inhibition （43.4% at a final dose of 0.03 mg/mL） and also ex- hibited outstanding efficacy （65.9% at a dose of2.50 mg/kg） in an experimental model of amnesia. Geniposide showed a 22.8% AChE inhibitory activi- ty and a potent ameliorating effect on scopol- amine-induced memory impairment in amnesic mice of 93.4% as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION： Geniposide, a main constituent of gardenia should be considered a candidate for fur- ther clinical study for the purpose of developing a cognition activator and its mechanism of action may be mediated, at least in part, by the acetylcho- line enhancing cholinergic nervous system.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-platelet aggregation and antithrombotic effects in rats of iridoid glycosides extracted from Zhizi (FructusGardeniae). METHODS: The present study evaluated the antithrombotic activity of iridoid glycosides (IGs) in a rat model of carotid artery thrombosis. The effects on coagulation, such as thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT), and the effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vivo were investigated. Rats were intragastrically administered IGs (50, 100 or 200 mg/ kg) twice daily for 3 days. RESULTS: IGs were shown for the first time to have an antithrombotic action through the inhibition of platelet aggregation, with little effect on the coagulation time of peripheral blood. Our results also showed that IGs may significantly and dose-dependently reduce arterial thrombus load in a model of carotid artery thrombosis and inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation in rats. IGs (100or 200 mg/kg) had no significant effect on APTT and PT, but did lengthenTT at a higher dose. CONCLUSION: These data, together with the previously reported neuroprotective effects of IGs in rats with cerebral ischemia, suggest that the antithrombotic action of IGs may potentially contribute to the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases, including cerebral apoplexy.
基金Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project(XLK201971)Changsha Science and Technology Program(kq1801028).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the response of Gardenia to purple soil drought stress,hoping to provide a reference for the selection of plants for vegetation restoration in purple soil regions.[Methods]The pot-weighing water control method was used to apply different degrees of drought stress to Gardenia seedlings in purple soil,and the effects of drought stress on the electrical conductivity,chlorophyll content,leaf morphology and structure of Gardenia leaves were explored.[Results]The leaf electrical conductivity increased with the increase of drought stress intensity,and the leaf electrical conductivity under severe drought stress increased by 59.93%compared with the control;the chlorophyll content of Gardenia showed a single-peak changing trend that increased and then decreased with the development of drought stress,and it was the highest in each stress stage under severe drought stress;the leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness of Gardenia were reduced with the stress degree increasing,and showed the largest decreases under severe stress;the stomatal length,stomatal width and stomatal opening of Gardenia gradually decreased with the increase of stress,while the stomatal density gradually increased.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical and resource basis for vegetation restoration in purple soil.
文摘Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice increased levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and decreased level of serum insulin. Effects of Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風通聖散) and its composed crude drug, gardeniae fructus (GF: 山梔子) were investigated on levels of these diabetic parameters (serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol) in STZ-diabetic mice. BOF and GF were extracted in 10 volumes of distilled water with an automatic extractor “Torobi”. STZ-induced diabetic mice with serum glucose level of over 600 mg/dl at 3 - 4 weeks after intravenous injection of 150 mg/kg STZ were used for experiments. BOF extract, GF extract, geniposide (a main constituent of GF), and glibenclamide were administered intraperitoneally into 3-hour-fasted STZ-diabetic mice. At 6 hours after administration, BOF extract (100 - 300 mg/kg) decreased high levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and also increased low level of serum insulin in STZ-diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (0.3 - 1 mg/kg) as positive control significantly decreased serum glucose and cholesterol levels, and increased serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. GF extract (30 - 300 mg/kg) decreased serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels but did not affect serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. Geniposide (10 - 100 mg/kg), decreased serum glucose level but did not affect serum insulin and triglyceride levels in the diabetic mice. These results demonstrated that intraperitoneally administrated BOF extract improved abnormal levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol in the STZ-diabetic mice as being similar to glibenclamide. GF extract has an important role in a part of improving actions of BOF in the diabetic mice. The action of GF extract on serum glucose was parallel with the action of geniposide in the diabetic mice, supporting roles of geniposide in anti-hyperglycemic action of GF.
文摘Two medicinal plants,<span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>agrestis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were selected</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate their biological activities. Their total phenolic and flavonoid contents</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">were assessed using folin-ciocalteu and aluminum chloride regents’ methods. The antioxidant activity was estimated using DPPH (1,1-diphényl-2-picrylhydrazyl),</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ABTS (</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2,2’-azinobis-[3-ethylenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was determined </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on 42 NMRI mice. The results indicate that all the extracts from both two plants contain some polyphenols. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the best antioxidant activity by the method of DPPH. The aqueous extracts of the leaves of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the whole plant of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">agrestis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> have a reducing power similar to control (quercetin). All the extracts have a low capacity to scavenge the ABTS radical cation compared to the controls (trolox and quercetin). Concerning the antiplasmodial activity, all the extracts presented moderate antiplamodial activities. This result could justify the traditional uses of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>erubescens</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>agrestis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to treat of malaria in Burkina Faso.</span></span>
