Shuzhuang Garden is a private garden located on Gulangyu Island in Xiamen that combines traditional Chinese garden design and Western elements.It is not only a product of the integration of Chinese and Western culture...Shuzhuang Garden is a private garden located on Gulangyu Island in Xiamen that combines traditional Chinese garden design and Western elements.It is not only a product of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures,but also a symbol of China’s modern history and cultural integration.展开更多
In many people's eyes,denim is a basic part of their clothes,but for Ian Berry,an artist from London,it's a way to make art.Over the past 20 years,Berry has used the dark blue fabric to make detailed artworks,...In many people's eyes,denim is a basic part of their clothes,but for Ian Berry,an artist from London,it's a way to make art.Over the past 20 years,Berry has used the dark blue fabric to make detailed artworks,and even lifelike pictures of places like California.His newest piece shows even more cool and surprising ways to use denim.Called Secret Garden,it's now at the Garden Museum in London.This artwork shows a peaceful scene with a fish pond,flowers,and vines—all made from old denim jeans.展开更多
Foshan Liang Garden,as a unique cultural heritage in the Lingnan region,possesses high artistic,scientific,and cultural value.Through field surveys and literature research,this paper sorts out the current problems in ...Foshan Liang Garden,as a unique cultural heritage in the Lingnan region,possesses high artistic,scientific,and cultural value.Through field surveys and literature research,this paper sorts out the current problems in the protection and utilization of Foshan Liang Garden,establishes the basic principles of emphasizing both protection and revitalization and implementing them simultaneously,and summarizes methods for protection and utilization,including expanding funding channels,strengthening dynamic monitoring and scientific protection,exploring cultural connotations,and encouraging multi-stakeholder participation in joint construction.Furthermore,it proposes revitalization strategies such as empowering garden services with digital technology,integrating cultural resources to innovate cultural and creative products,promoting the museumization of idle functional spaces,and using cultural and educational activities for inheritance and dissemination.It is hoped that these measures will help Foshan Liang Garden better integrate into modern life,meet people’s diverse needs,and provide new ideas and methods for the protection and utilization of garden cultural heritage.展开更多
The garden in“A Dream of Red Mansions”represents a blend of Northern and Southern private gardens,the imperial garden(House of Reunion),and folk culture(Paddy-Sweet Cottage).It embodies the maturity of Chinese garde...The garden in“A Dream of Red Mansions”represents a blend of Northern and Southern private gardens,the imperial garden(House of Reunion),and folk culture(Paddy-Sweet Cottage).It embodies the maturity of Chinese garden artistry.This paper examines the classical gardening techniques employed in the garden architecture of“A Dream of Red Mansions,”focusing on five aspects:borrowed view,opposite view,framed view,obstructed view,and highlighted view.It explores how the changes in the garden reflect the transformations of the Jia family and the fortunes of its characters.By connecting specific scenes with the characters,it explores the significance of garden names,plant arrangements,and overall layout,analyzing how these elements reflect the personalities and destinies of the garden’s inhabitants.From the character of the garden to the characters within it,the evolution of the garden mirrors the lives of its inhabitants,reflecting their personal histories,emotional journeys,and the eventual rise and fall of their fortunes.展开更多
Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in s...Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in sustaining tribal livelihoods while addressing challenges such as climate variability,soil degradation,and market constraints.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF)and socio-ecological resilience theory.Data from 120 tribal households across four villages in Banspal block were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions.A key innovation lies in integrating indigenous knowledge systems with the Problem Facing Index(PFI)methodology to generate quantified,community-driven insights on climate adaptation barriers.Findings reveal that home gardens contribute around ₹10,000 per season to household income,reducing market dependency by over 70% during crises such as the COVID-19 lockdown.Over 75% of households face high to medium challenges due to climate variability(PFI=252),soil degradation(PFI=251),and wildlife intrusions(PFI=250).Other notable constraints include pests(75%)and poor market access(61.7%).Although 82.5% reported no issue with agricultural inputs,water scarcity remains a seasonal concern for 23%.Despite constraints,home gardens were found to enhance all five SLF capitals:natural,human,social,financial,and physical.The study recommends contextsensitive interventions,including seed distribution,organic inputs,weather-based advisories,and strengthened institutional support.It highlights the potential for scaling home garden models across other marginalized agroecological regions in India and Asia,aligning them with national rural development and climate adaptation programs.展开更多
Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in...Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in which a teacher fosters the growth of their students,there is also a darker side to cultivation metaphors.For instance,Zipory(2020)argues that characteristics of agriculture’s grain economy-like repetitiveness,coercion,and lack of diversity-can be imposed onto education.Following Zipory’s call for the forest to serve as a more apt metaphorical trajectory for education,I propose using the forest garden as a middle ground between the traditional garden and the natural forest.To highlight the potential usefulness of the forest garden metaphor in education,I explore its application as related to teacher professional development(PD),specifically content and language integrated learning(CLIL)PD.By reflecting on the design and outcomes of Project SCILLA,a CLIL PD program for Kazakhstani university instructors,as well as CLIL PD more broadly,I demonstrate how the forest garden metaphor conceptualizes the relationships and power dynamics between and across various stakeholders in education in response to global rhetoric,national and local policies,and interpersonal interactions.By emulating the sustainable forest garden’s principles of planning and intentionality,localization,interconnectedness,diversity,creativity,and growth from decay,stakeholders can(re)shape the policies and practices of multilingual,multicultural education systems.In addition,education researchers can use a metaphorical forest garden lens to better appreciate the complexities at play within dynamic educational landscapes.展开更多
Exploring the spatial evolution patterns of land use in creative urban tourism complexes provides theoretical and decision-making support to foster creative tourism projects.This study focuses on the Hangzhou Leisure ...Exploring the spatial evolution patterns of land use in creative urban tourism complexes provides theoretical and decision-making support to foster creative tourism projects.This study focuses on the Hangzhou Leisure Expo Garden as a case study,utilizing a land use change index model to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics and dynamic processes of creative urban tourism complexes,as well as to explore their spatial differentiation mechanisms.The analysis indicates that Hangzhou Leisure Expo Garden,initially a derelict industrial area dominated by production and residential land use,has evolved into a creative urban tourism complex with tourism comprehensive service land at its core,going through the pattern evolution processes of“constrained sprawl,”“intensive expansion,”and“random integration.”From the perspective of tourism human-land relationships,the formation of land use evolution patterns in creative urban tourism complexes results from various stakeholders(government,tourism enterprises,residents,tourists,etc.),as humanistic factors,continuously adapting to specific urban spaces,which are considered as geographical elements and have locational advantages and are oriented towards economic and social values.Based on the acquisition of stakeholder interests,the transformation of resource-disadvantaged areas into tourism advantage areas is facilitated,thereby achieving the re-creation of tourism creative space and promoting intensive spatial growth.展开更多
Classical Chinese gardens,with their intricate interplay of architectural landscapes featuring narrow corridors and expansive courtyards,are designed to surprise and captivate visitors at every turn.Unraveling the con...Classical Chinese gardens,with their intricate interplay of architectural landscapes featuring narrow corridors and expansive courtyards,are designed to surprise and captivate visitors at every turn.Unraveling the connection between visual perception,walking behaviors,and the spatial elements of these garden compounds is essential to grasping the essence of traditional Chinese garden design.This study employs Virtual Reality(VR)and eye-tracking technologies to evaluate the touring patterns within Chinese classical gardens,with a case study focusing on the Canglang Pavilion Garden in Suzhou.A total of 68 participants were enlisted to engage in a VR experiment simulating a visit to a courtyard space within this garden.The study analyzed route choices between 2 distinct spatial types:corridor-architecture and courtyard-wall.Eye movement indicators within the Areas of Interest(AOIs)for frame-of-view and depth-of-view spatial elements were monitored,and visitors’spatial-temporal trajectory maps were documented.This research offers valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between visual attention,spatial elements,and visitor behavior within garden environments.The methodology applied in this study has broad implications for environmental psychology,landscape architecture,and the study of cultural heritage sites,providing a deeper understanding of the interactions and perceptions of visitors within garden spaces.展开更多
As a representative of Eastern gardens,Chinese classical gardens have always held an extremely important position in world gardens.They not only carry the profound cultural and ideological connotations of China,but al...As a representative of Eastern gardens,Chinese classical gardens have always held an extremely important position in world gardens.They not only carry the profound cultural and ideological connotations of China,but also have great aesthetic achievements that are worth exploring.In the process of urbanization,the construction of urban gardens is also progressing rapidly with the development of the city,and modern gardens are reflected more.Gradually,people began to realize that the aesthetics of Chinese classical gardens can collide with the design concepts of modern gardens,in order to conform to the current development trend of the new era.This paper compares and analyzes the differences and connections between Chinese classical gardens and modern gardens from three aspects:gardening concepts,gardening elements,and gardening techniques.Combined with relevant cases,it studies the practical application of Chinese classical garden design techniques in modern gardens,and explores and promotes the art of Chinese classical garden design.展开更多
This paper investigates the design essence of Chinese classical private gardens,integrating their design elements and fundamental principles.It systematically analyzes the unique characteristics and differences among ...This paper investigates the design essence of Chinese classical private gardens,integrating their design elements and fundamental principles.It systematically analyzes the unique characteristics and differences among classical private gardens in the Northern,Jiangnan,and Lingnan regions.The study examines nine classical private gardens from Northern China,Jiangnan,and Lingnan by utilizing the advanced tool of principal component cluster analysis.Based on literature analysis and field research,273 variables were selected for principal component analysis,from which four components with higher contribution rates were chosen for further study.Subsequently,we employed clustering analysis techniques to compare the differences among the three types of gardens.The results reveal that the first principal component effectively highlights the differences between Jiangnan and Lingnan private gardens.The second principal component serves as the key to defining the types of Northern private gardens and distinguishing them from the other two types,and the third principal component indicates that Lingnan private gardens can be categorized into two distinct types as well.展开更多
2023年北京市人民政府印发《北京花园城市专项规划(2023—2035年)》,相对于成都的“公园城市”建设,“花园城市”的语义正引发深入的专业思考。不同语言在相互翻译和转换中往往引发信息衰减与偏差,如Garden中译之“花园”或“园林”之别...2023年北京市人民政府印发《北京花园城市专项规划(2023—2035年)》,相对于成都的“公园城市”建设,“花园城市”的语义正引发深入的专业思考。不同语言在相互翻译和转换中往往引发信息衰减与偏差,如Garden中译之“花园”或“园林”之别,Gardening中译之“造园”与“园艺”之别。以阿奇尔·杜谢内“Death of Garden Art”的言论为开篇,通过建构Gardening与Garden内涵关联,以追溯Garden专业身份角色变化的方式重新审视了风景园林(LA)发展的历程,论述了Garden本应具有的人-植物-土地直接情感关系的价值源点和Garden思维形成系统层递惰性的缘由,提出专业发展应在开放的和不断自我驱动更新的语境中走向人与自然的共赢之道。展开更多
This study discussed the development and evolution of Chinese royal gardens from the initial generation period (Zhou,Qin and Han dynasties) to the late mature period (middle Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty).Thro...This study discussed the development and evolution of Chinese royal gardens from the initial generation period (Zhou,Qin and Han dynasties) to the late mature period (middle Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty).Through the specific analysis of the typical royal gardens in different periods,the development and changes of the gardening skills and overall layout of the royal gardens in each period were obtained,and the development characteristics of the whole historical period of the Chinese royal gardens were summarized.展开更多
The development and evolution of Chinese gardens in the later mature period(the Qianlong-Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty)were studied,and the types of gardens in this period were sorted out.Moreover,the characteri...The development and evolution of Chinese gardens in the later mature period(the Qianlong-Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty)were studied,and the types of gardens in this period were sorted out.Moreover,the characteristics of each type of representative gardens were analyzed,and the historical background,overall layout and gardening skills of various types of gardens in China in the period were summarized.Finally,the general characteristics of Chinese gardens in the later mature period were summarized.展开更多
The article is devoted to the study of bioecological features of Ipomoea nil in the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden. Seeds were sown 8 - 10 cm deep in the first decade of April. Seed germination averaged 8...The article is devoted to the study of bioecological features of Ipomoea nil in the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden. Seeds were sown 8 - 10 cm deep in the first decade of April. Seed germination averaged 85% - 90%. The beginning of vegetation and leaf regrowth in Tashkent is observed in the second decade of April. The flowering phase was observed in the first decade of August and fruiting was noted in the first decade of September. Biometric indicators of the plant during the generative phase were revealed as follows: plant height 2.95 ± 0.22 m, generative shoot length 2.62 ± 0.24 m, number of leaves 46.5 ± 3.59 pcs., leaf length 10.11 ± 0.49 cm, root length 19.85 ± 0.88 cm, number of flowers 42.8 ± 2.37 pcs., flower diameter 4.82 ± 0.28 cm. Potential seed productivity (PSP) of the plant was noted 13.5 ± 0.5 pcs., real seed productivity (RSP) was 10.8 ± 0.44 pcs. And in turn, the seed productivity coefficient (SPC) amounted to 80.0% ± 1.31%. The primary results prove, according to the success of Ipomoea nil introduction, the noted indicators in Tashkent conditions.展开更多
Garden landscape is a beautiful complex formed by space and time complementing each other and acting together.Garden plants are the core landscaping elements in garden landscape construction.It is necessary to flexibl...Garden landscape is a beautiful complex formed by space and time complementing each other and acting together.Garden plants are the core landscaping elements in garden landscape construction.It is necessary to flexibly use a variety of plant landscaping methods to create a richer and more vivid natural landscape,and promote the improvement of the quality of the living environment and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.展开更多
In the practice of advancing the cause of human rights,China has blazed a path of human rights development that is both consistent with the trend of the times and befits the nation’s conditions.WHEN contemplating hum...In the practice of advancing the cause of human rights,China has blazed a path of human rights development that is both consistent with the trend of the times and befits the nation’s conditions.WHEN contemplating human rights,the principle of individual freedom often comes to the forefront.The Chinese government’s perception,however,consists in the more organic concept of a metaphorical garden,wherein human rights flourish by virtue of China’s unique soil-its rich history,ancient culture,and political system.China,as a seasoned gardener,thus endeavors,under the leadership of President Xi Jinping,to develop human rights based on its national conditions.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive examination of El Sallam Garden in Port Said City,concentrating on its landscape characteristics and potential for design enhancement.This study looks at how space syntax can be use...This paper provides a comprehensive examination of El Sallam Garden in Port Said City,concentrating on its landscape characteristics and potential for design enhancement.This study looks at how space syntax can be used to assess the impact of a tree planting design’s spatial configuration on an urban park’s visual fields.Trees play an important role in determining the spatial characteristics of an outdoor space.According to space syntax theory,an urban area is a collection of connected spaces that can be represented by a matrix of quantitative properties known as syntactic measures.Computer simulations can be used to measure the quantitative properties of these matrices.This study uses space syntax techniques to assess how tree configurations and garden area which can affect the social structures of small-scale gardens in Port Said.It also looks at how these techniques can be used to predict the social structures of four garden zones in El Sallam Garden.The study includes an observational and space syntax study through comparative analysis of four garden zones in El Sallam garden.The results of the study show that the area and planting configurations of the garden had a significant effect on the syntactic social and visual measures of the urban garden.The conclusions and recommendations can be a useful tool for landscape architects,urban planners,and legislators who want to enhance public areas and encourage social interaction in urban settings.展开更多
Grounded in reader-centered theories,Reception Aesthetics prioritizes the active engagement and acceptance of target readers.This study examines the translation of children’s literature through the lens of Reception ...Grounded in reader-centered theories,Reception Aesthetics prioritizes the active engagement and acceptance of target readers.This study examines the translation of children’s literature through the lens of Reception Aesthetics,using Li Wenjun’s rendition of The Secret Garden as a case study.The objective is to scrutinize various aspects of the translation-including vocabulary,syntax,rhetorical devices,and cultural nuances-and to discern how the adaptation and application of diverse translation strategies cater to the aesthetic expectations.展开更多
The destruction of forests has led to plant diversity and species being lost at an unprecedented rate and a decrease in ecosystem services. Plant conservation strategies are important to support the development of liv...The destruction of forests has led to plant diversity and species being lost at an unprecedented rate and a decrease in ecosystem services. Plant conservation strategies are important to support the development of livelihoods based on the sustainable uses of plants and promote the understanding and sharing of the benefits and functions of plants. Botanical gardens allocate most of their resources to plant conservation and the development of educational activities such as making plant species diversity known to the public. These gardens can also play an essential role in human well-being and provide in human needs. In this article, we review the history of the development of Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden and the development of other national botanical gardens in South Africa. We will discuss conservation through cultivation, discovering and documenting diversity of plants, indigenous plants, threatened plants, medicinal plants, extinctions and rediscoveries, environmental education, conservation science, citizen science, horticulture, research and creating a haven for biodiversity. Future challenges and responsibilities of botanical gardens will be discussed including in situ and ex situ cultivation, promoting awareness, creating partnerships, increasing capacity building and training activities, sharing information and making gardens sustainable.展开更多
文摘Shuzhuang Garden is a private garden located on Gulangyu Island in Xiamen that combines traditional Chinese garden design and Western elements.It is not only a product of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures,but also a symbol of China’s modern history and cultural integration.
文摘In many people's eyes,denim is a basic part of their clothes,but for Ian Berry,an artist from London,it's a way to make art.Over the past 20 years,Berry has used the dark blue fabric to make detailed artworks,and even lifelike pictures of places like California.His newest piece shows even more cool and surprising ways to use denim.Called Secret Garden,it's now at the Garden Museum in London.This artwork shows a peaceful scene with a fish pond,flowers,and vines—all made from old denim jeans.
基金Supported by the 2024 Guangxi Provincial College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202411354155)Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Philosophy and Social Science Planning Research Project(23FWY028)Wuzhou University Research Project(2024QN013)。
文摘Foshan Liang Garden,as a unique cultural heritage in the Lingnan region,possesses high artistic,scientific,and cultural value.Through field surveys and literature research,this paper sorts out the current problems in the protection and utilization of Foshan Liang Garden,establishes the basic principles of emphasizing both protection and revitalization and implementing them simultaneously,and summarizes methods for protection and utilization,including expanding funding channels,strengthening dynamic monitoring and scientific protection,exploring cultural connotations,and encouraging multi-stakeholder participation in joint construction.Furthermore,it proposes revitalization strategies such as empowering garden services with digital technology,integrating cultural resources to innovate cultural and creative products,promoting the museumization of idle functional spaces,and using cultural and educational activities for inheritance and dissemination.It is hoped that these measures will help Foshan Liang Garden better integrate into modern life,meet people’s diverse needs,and provide new ideas and methods for the protection and utilization of garden cultural heritage.
文摘The garden in“A Dream of Red Mansions”represents a blend of Northern and Southern private gardens,the imperial garden(House of Reunion),and folk culture(Paddy-Sweet Cottage).It embodies the maturity of Chinese garden artistry.This paper examines the classical gardening techniques employed in the garden architecture of“A Dream of Red Mansions,”focusing on five aspects:borrowed view,opposite view,framed view,obstructed view,and highlighted view.It explores how the changes in the garden reflect the transformations of the Jia family and the fortunes of its characters.By connecting specific scenes with the characters,it explores the significance of garden names,plant arrangements,and overall layout,analyzing how these elements reflect the personalities and destinies of the garden’s inhabitants.From the character of the garden to the characters within it,the evolution of the garden mirrors the lives of its inhabitants,reflecting their personal histories,emotional journeys,and the eventual rise and fall of their fortunes.
文摘Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in sustaining tribal livelihoods while addressing challenges such as climate variability,soil degradation,and market constraints.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF)and socio-ecological resilience theory.Data from 120 tribal households across four villages in Banspal block were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions.A key innovation lies in integrating indigenous knowledge systems with the Problem Facing Index(PFI)methodology to generate quantified,community-driven insights on climate adaptation barriers.Findings reveal that home gardens contribute around ₹10,000 per season to household income,reducing market dependency by over 70% during crises such as the COVID-19 lockdown.Over 75% of households face high to medium challenges due to climate variability(PFI=252),soil degradation(PFI=251),and wildlife intrusions(PFI=250).Other notable constraints include pests(75%)and poor market access(61.7%).Although 82.5% reported no issue with agricultural inputs,water scarcity remains a seasonal concern for 23%.Despite constraints,home gardens were found to enhance all five SLF capitals:natural,human,social,financial,and physical.The study recommends contextsensitive interventions,including seed distribution,organic inputs,weather-based advisories,and strengthened institutional support.It highlights the potential for scaling home garden models across other marginalized agroecological regions in India and Asia,aligning them with national rural development and climate adaptation programs.
基金funding from the U.S.-Kazakhstan University Partnerships program funded by the U.S.Mission to Kazakhstan and administered by American Councils[Award number SKZ100-19-CA-0149].
文摘Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in which a teacher fosters the growth of their students,there is also a darker side to cultivation metaphors.For instance,Zipory(2020)argues that characteristics of agriculture’s grain economy-like repetitiveness,coercion,and lack of diversity-can be imposed onto education.Following Zipory’s call for the forest to serve as a more apt metaphorical trajectory for education,I propose using the forest garden as a middle ground between the traditional garden and the natural forest.To highlight the potential usefulness of the forest garden metaphor in education,I explore its application as related to teacher professional development(PD),specifically content and language integrated learning(CLIL)PD.By reflecting on the design and outcomes of Project SCILLA,a CLIL PD program for Kazakhstani university instructors,as well as CLIL PD more broadly,I demonstrate how the forest garden metaphor conceptualizes the relationships and power dynamics between and across various stakeholders in education in response to global rhetoric,national and local policies,and interpersonal interactions.By emulating the sustainable forest garden’s principles of planning and intentionality,localization,interconnectedness,diversity,creativity,and growth from decay,stakeholders can(re)shape the policies and practices of multilingual,multicultural education systems.In addition,education researchers can use a metaphorical forest garden lens to better appreciate the complexities at play within dynamic educational landscapes.
文摘Exploring the spatial evolution patterns of land use in creative urban tourism complexes provides theoretical and decision-making support to foster creative tourism projects.This study focuses on the Hangzhou Leisure Expo Garden as a case study,utilizing a land use change index model to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics and dynamic processes of creative urban tourism complexes,as well as to explore their spatial differentiation mechanisms.The analysis indicates that Hangzhou Leisure Expo Garden,initially a derelict industrial area dominated by production and residential land use,has evolved into a creative urban tourism complex with tourism comprehensive service land at its core,going through the pattern evolution processes of“constrained sprawl,”“intensive expansion,”and“random integration.”From the perspective of tourism human-land relationships,the formation of land use evolution patterns in creative urban tourism complexes results from various stakeholders(government,tourism enterprises,residents,tourists,etc.),as humanistic factors,continuously adapting to specific urban spaces,which are considered as geographical elements and have locational advantages and are oriented towards economic and social values.Based on the acquisition of stakeholder interests,the transformation of resource-disadvantaged areas into tourism advantage areas is facilitated,thereby achieving the re-creation of tourism creative space and promoting intensive spatial growth.
基金Supported by the College Students’Innovative and Entrepreneurial Training Plan ProgramYuxiu Innovation Project of North China University of Technology(2024NCUTYXCX214).
文摘Classical Chinese gardens,with their intricate interplay of architectural landscapes featuring narrow corridors and expansive courtyards,are designed to surprise and captivate visitors at every turn.Unraveling the connection between visual perception,walking behaviors,and the spatial elements of these garden compounds is essential to grasping the essence of traditional Chinese garden design.This study employs Virtual Reality(VR)and eye-tracking technologies to evaluate the touring patterns within Chinese classical gardens,with a case study focusing on the Canglang Pavilion Garden in Suzhou.A total of 68 participants were enlisted to engage in a VR experiment simulating a visit to a courtyard space within this garden.The study analyzed route choices between 2 distinct spatial types:corridor-architecture and courtyard-wall.Eye movement indicators within the Areas of Interest(AOIs)for frame-of-view and depth-of-view spatial elements were monitored,and visitors’spatial-temporal trajectory maps were documented.This research offers valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between visual attention,spatial elements,and visitor behavior within garden environments.The methodology applied in this study has broad implications for environmental psychology,landscape architecture,and the study of cultural heritage sites,providing a deeper understanding of the interactions and perceptions of visitors within garden spaces.
文摘As a representative of Eastern gardens,Chinese classical gardens have always held an extremely important position in world gardens.They not only carry the profound cultural and ideological connotations of China,but also have great aesthetic achievements that are worth exploring.In the process of urbanization,the construction of urban gardens is also progressing rapidly with the development of the city,and modern gardens are reflected more.Gradually,people began to realize that the aesthetics of Chinese classical gardens can collide with the design concepts of modern gardens,in order to conform to the current development trend of the new era.This paper compares and analyzes the differences and connections between Chinese classical gardens and modern gardens from three aspects:gardening concepts,gardening elements,and gardening techniques.Combined with relevant cases,it studies the practical application of Chinese classical garden design techniques in modern gardens,and explores and promotes the art of Chinese classical garden design.
文摘This paper investigates the design essence of Chinese classical private gardens,integrating their design elements and fundamental principles.It systematically analyzes the unique characteristics and differences among classical private gardens in the Northern,Jiangnan,and Lingnan regions.The study examines nine classical private gardens from Northern China,Jiangnan,and Lingnan by utilizing the advanced tool of principal component cluster analysis.Based on literature analysis and field research,273 variables were selected for principal component analysis,from which four components with higher contribution rates were chosen for further study.Subsequently,we employed clustering analysis techniques to compare the differences among the three types of gardens.The results reveal that the first principal component effectively highlights the differences between Jiangnan and Lingnan private gardens.The second principal component serves as the key to defining the types of Northern private gardens and distinguishing them from the other two types,and the third principal component indicates that Lingnan private gardens can be categorized into two distinct types as well.
文摘2023年北京市人民政府印发《北京花园城市专项规划(2023—2035年)》,相对于成都的“公园城市”建设,“花园城市”的语义正引发深入的专业思考。不同语言在相互翻译和转换中往往引发信息衰减与偏差,如Garden中译之“花园”或“园林”之别,Gardening中译之“造园”与“园艺”之别。以阿奇尔·杜谢内“Death of Garden Art”的言论为开篇,通过建构Gardening与Garden内涵关联,以追溯Garden专业身份角色变化的方式重新审视了风景园林(LA)发展的历程,论述了Garden本应具有的人-植物-土地直接情感关系的价值源点和Garden思维形成系统层递惰性的缘由,提出专业发展应在开放的和不断自我驱动更新的语境中走向人与自然的共赢之道。
文摘This study discussed the development and evolution of Chinese royal gardens from the initial generation period (Zhou,Qin and Han dynasties) to the late mature period (middle Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty).Through the specific analysis of the typical royal gardens in different periods,the development and changes of the gardening skills and overall layout of the royal gardens in each period were obtained,and the development characteristics of the whole historical period of the Chinese royal gardens were summarized.
文摘The development and evolution of Chinese gardens in the later mature period(the Qianlong-Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty)were studied,and the types of gardens in this period were sorted out.Moreover,the characteristics of each type of representative gardens were analyzed,and the historical background,overall layout and gardening skills of various types of gardens in China in the period were summarized.Finally,the general characteristics of Chinese gardens in the later mature period were summarized.
文摘The article is devoted to the study of bioecological features of Ipomoea nil in the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden. Seeds were sown 8 - 10 cm deep in the first decade of April. Seed germination averaged 85% - 90%. The beginning of vegetation and leaf regrowth in Tashkent is observed in the second decade of April. The flowering phase was observed in the first decade of August and fruiting was noted in the first decade of September. Biometric indicators of the plant during the generative phase were revealed as follows: plant height 2.95 ± 0.22 m, generative shoot length 2.62 ± 0.24 m, number of leaves 46.5 ± 3.59 pcs., leaf length 10.11 ± 0.49 cm, root length 19.85 ± 0.88 cm, number of flowers 42.8 ± 2.37 pcs., flower diameter 4.82 ± 0.28 cm. Potential seed productivity (PSP) of the plant was noted 13.5 ± 0.5 pcs., real seed productivity (RSP) was 10.8 ± 0.44 pcs. And in turn, the seed productivity coefficient (SPC) amounted to 80.0% ± 1.31%. The primary results prove, according to the success of Ipomoea nil introduction, the noted indicators in Tashkent conditions.
文摘Garden landscape is a beautiful complex formed by space and time complementing each other and acting together.Garden plants are the core landscaping elements in garden landscape construction.It is necessary to flexibly use a variety of plant landscaping methods to create a richer and more vivid natural landscape,and promote the improvement of the quality of the living environment and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
文摘In the practice of advancing the cause of human rights,China has blazed a path of human rights development that is both consistent with the trend of the times and befits the nation’s conditions.WHEN contemplating human rights,the principle of individual freedom often comes to the forefront.The Chinese government’s perception,however,consists in the more organic concept of a metaphorical garden,wherein human rights flourish by virtue of China’s unique soil-its rich history,ancient culture,and political system.China,as a seasoned gardener,thus endeavors,under the leadership of President Xi Jinping,to develop human rights based on its national conditions.
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive examination of El Sallam Garden in Port Said City,concentrating on its landscape characteristics and potential for design enhancement.This study looks at how space syntax can be used to assess the impact of a tree planting design’s spatial configuration on an urban park’s visual fields.Trees play an important role in determining the spatial characteristics of an outdoor space.According to space syntax theory,an urban area is a collection of connected spaces that can be represented by a matrix of quantitative properties known as syntactic measures.Computer simulations can be used to measure the quantitative properties of these matrices.This study uses space syntax techniques to assess how tree configurations and garden area which can affect the social structures of small-scale gardens in Port Said.It also looks at how these techniques can be used to predict the social structures of four garden zones in El Sallam Garden.The study includes an observational and space syntax study through comparative analysis of four garden zones in El Sallam garden.The results of the study show that the area and planting configurations of the garden had a significant effect on the syntactic social and visual measures of the urban garden.The conclusions and recommendations can be a useful tool for landscape architects,urban planners,and legislators who want to enhance public areas and encourage social interaction in urban settings.
文摘Grounded in reader-centered theories,Reception Aesthetics prioritizes the active engagement and acceptance of target readers.This study examines the translation of children’s literature through the lens of Reception Aesthetics,using Li Wenjun’s rendition of The Secret Garden as a case study.The objective is to scrutinize various aspects of the translation-including vocabulary,syntax,rhetorical devices,and cultural nuances-and to discern how the adaptation and application of diverse translation strategies cater to the aesthetic expectations.
文摘The destruction of forests has led to plant diversity and species being lost at an unprecedented rate and a decrease in ecosystem services. Plant conservation strategies are important to support the development of livelihoods based on the sustainable uses of plants and promote the understanding and sharing of the benefits and functions of plants. Botanical gardens allocate most of their resources to plant conservation and the development of educational activities such as making plant species diversity known to the public. These gardens can also play an essential role in human well-being and provide in human needs. In this article, we review the history of the development of Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden and the development of other national botanical gardens in South Africa. We will discuss conservation through cultivation, discovering and documenting diversity of plants, indigenous plants, threatened plants, medicinal plants, extinctions and rediscoveries, environmental education, conservation science, citizen science, horticulture, research and creating a haven for biodiversity. Future challenges and responsibilities of botanical gardens will be discussed including in situ and ex situ cultivation, promoting awareness, creating partnerships, increasing capacity building and training activities, sharing information and making gardens sustainable.
