Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world＇s most serious weeds, influences seriously the yield and quality of cereal crop plant.It is well known that E.crus-galli grain is dormant, but its dormant type, as well as its...Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world＇s most serious weeds, influences seriously the yield and quality of cereal crop plant.It is well known that E.crus-galli grain is dormant, but its dormant type, as well as its dormancy release and germination in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity were poorly understood.The cooperation of endo-β-mannanase（EC 3.2.1.78）, β-mannosidase（EC 3.2.1.25） and α-galactosidase（EC 3.2.1.22） can hydrolyze the cell walls rich in mannan-based polymers.In the present paper, the mature grains are used as experimental materials, we investigated the water uptake of grains, the effect of removing partial endosperm, after-ripening, stratification and phytohormone on grain germination, and the change in endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase activities of grains during after-ripening and germination.The results showed that the freshly-collected grains were water-permeable and had only phase I and II of water uptake, while the grains after-ripened for 150 d had an obvious phase III of water uptake.In alternating photoperiod, the germination of grains freshly-collected was zero at 10–35°C, and that of half grains was 11% at 20°C only.The grain germination was notably promoted by after-ripening and stratification, but not by gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001–1 mmol L–1.β-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening and then decreased.The activity of endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase of grains decreased with after-ripening.During grain germination, endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities obviously increased, while α-galactosidase activity decreased.Our data showed that E.crus-galli grain was a deep physiological dormant, the dormancy release by after-ripening was related to an increasing β-mannosidase activity, and its germination was closely associated with an increasing endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activity; which have provided new knowledge to decrease the harm of E.crus-galli on production of cereal crop plant.展开更多
Ovalbumin(OVA)is the major allergenic protein that can induce T helper 2(Th2)-allergic reactions,for which current treatment options are inadequate.In this study,we developed a polymerized hypoallergenic OVA product v...Ovalbumin(OVA)is the major allergenic protein that can induce T helper 2(Th2)-allergic reactions,for which current treatment options are inadequate.In this study,we developed a polymerized hypoallergenic OVA product via laccase/caffeic acid(Lac/CA)-catalyzed crosslinking in conjunction with galactomannan(Man).The formation of high molecular weight crosslinked polymers and the Ig G-binding were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting.The study indicated that Lac/CA-catalyzed crosslinking plus Man conjugation substantially altered secondary and tertiary structures of OVA along with the variation in surface hydrophobicity.Gastrointestinal digestion stability assay indicated that crosslinked OVA exhibited less resistance in simulated gastric fluid(SGF)and simulated intestinal fluid(SIF).Mouse model study indicated that Lac-Man/OVA ameliorated eosinophilic airway inflammatory response and efficiently downregulated the expression of Th2-related cytokines(interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,and IL-13),and upregulated IFN-γand IL-10 expression.Stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with Lac-Man/OVA suppressed the expression of phenotypic maturation markers(CD80 and CD86)and MHC class II molecules,and suppressed the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines.The knowledge obtained in the present study offers an effective way to acquire a hypoallergenic OVA product that can have a therapeutic effect in alleviating OVA-induced allergic asthma.展开更多
The galactomannan from Antrodia cinnamomea(AC)is characterized as one of the important bioactive components that exhibits potential immunostimulatory propriety.The biological function of its corresponding oligosacchar...The galactomannan from Antrodia cinnamomea(AC)is characterized as one of the important bioactive components that exhibits potential immunostimulatory propriety.The biological function of its corresponding oligosaccharide fragments has not been revealed yet.In this study,we reported the first chemical synthesis of the series of oligosaccharide fragments related to AC galactomannan via the convergent glycosylation strategy.The preliminary immunological evaluation of these synthesized AC oligosaccharides disclosed that the backbone tetrasaccharide 1d showed the best immunomodulatory ability on enhancing proliferation,phagocytosis and cytokines secretion of Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro,indicating its immense potential as an immunostimulant candidate.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of galactomannans extracted from Adenanthera pavonina's L.seeds(GAP) in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic mice.Methods:The preliminary galactomannan yield from Ade...Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of galactomannans extracted from Adenanthera pavonina's L.seeds(GAP) in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic mice.Methods:The preliminary galactomannan yield from Adenanthera pavonina L.plant and extraction products composition were evaluated.Various chemical characterization methods like thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ~1H and ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography have been employed to characterize the extracted galactomannan.The mice were divided in four groups: Normal control, diabetic control, GAP(1% and 2%) treated and standard drug treated groups.Diabetic mice received treatment daily for 30 d.Diabetes was induced by STZ at a single dose of 120 mg/kg.Body weight, water and food intake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured.Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver were performed to evaluate STZ-induced tissue injuries.Results: The isolated and extracted galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina was confirmed by various chemical characterization methods.GAP exhibited a 1.46:1 mannose: galactose ratio, and high molar weight.Both GAP enriched food decreased glycaemia, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol.GAP didn't interfere on food intakes or body weight, although it increased water intake.Furthermore, the relative liver weight indicated toxic galactomannan effects on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in STZ induced diabetes.Conclusions: It is concluded that GAP is a natural product that contains potent galactomannan and is useful in preventing and treating diabetes.展开更多
A galactomannan was isolated from seeds of a leguminous plant, Desmanthus illinoensis, which is grown in Okinawa, Japan. D-Galactose (molar ratio, 1.0) and D-mannose (0.82) were identified via High-performance Anion E...A galactomannan was isolated from seeds of a leguminous plant, Desmanthus illinoensis, which is grown in Okinawa, Japan. D-Galactose (molar ratio, 1.0) and D-mannose (0.82) were identified via High-performance Anion Exchange Chromatography Coupled with a Pulse Amperometric Detector. The molecular mass and specific rotation were estimated to be 1000 kDa and +53.8°, respectively. The infrared spectrum indicated that the galactomannan was involved in both α- and β-linkages, and two types of α-linkages were detected at 814 and 830 cm-1. The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra indicated that the majority of the β-D-mannan main chain was substituted with mono α-D-galactose or α-D-galacto-disaccharide-side chains. Methylation analysis was used to identify 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (molar ratio, 3.3), 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl- D-galactose (1.0) and 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-mannose (3.1). Specifically, unique 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl D-galactose residue was identified from mass spectrum. The results suggested that the galactomannan was 1,4-linked-β-D-mannan substituted with α-D-galactose or 1,6-linked-α-D-galacto-disaccharide side chains at C-6 on the main chain. The galactomannan isolated from D. illinoensis was an unusual highly branched polysaccharide, and its chemical structure was proposed. This work is the first to report on the galactomannan involving 1,6-linked α-D-galacto-disaccharide side chains in addition to α-D-galactose mono side chains.展开更多
Over the past decade,scientific societies have emphasized the importance of early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA),a condition that,although not frequent,has gained relevance in intensive care units(...Over the past decade,scientific societies have emphasized the importance of early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA),a condition that,although not frequent,has gained relevance in intensive care units(ICUs).[1]This has become especially evident in recent years for 2 main reasons:the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and the growing recognition of Aspergillus infection across a broader clinical spectrum.展开更多
Background Critically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patients admitted to an intensive care unit （ICU） due to respiratory failure are at particularly high risk of Aspergillus infection.The serum ...Background Critically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patients admitted to an intensive care unit （ICU） due to respiratory failure are at particularly high risk of Aspergillus infection.The serum galactomannan index （GMI） has proven to be one of the prognostic criteria for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis （IPA） in classical immunocompromised patients.However,the prognostic value of serum GMI in critically ill COPD patients needs evaluation.The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of serum GMI in patients with severe COPD.Methods In this single-center prospective cohort study,serum samples for GMI assay were collected twice a week from the first day of ICU admission to the day of the patients＇ discharge or death.Patients were divided into two groups according to their clinical outcome on the 28th day of their ICU admission.Univariate analysis and survival analysis were tested in these two groups.Results One hundred and fifty-three critically ill COPD patients were included and were divided into survival group （106 cases） and non-survival group （47 cases） according to their outcome.Univariate analysis showed that the highest GMI level during the first week after admission （GMI-high 1st week） was statistically different between the two groups.Independent prognostic factors for poor outcome in severe COPD patients were：GMI-high 1st week ＞0.5 （RR：4.04,95％ CI：2.17-7.51） combined with accumulative dosage of corticosteroids ＞216 mg before the RICU admission （RR：2.25,95％ CI：1.11-4.56） and clearance of creatinine （Ccr） ＜64.31 ml/min （RR：2.48,95％ CI：1.22-5.07）.Conclusions The positive GMI-high 1st week （＞0.5） combined with an accumulative dosage of corticosteroids ＞216 mg before the ICU admission and a low Ccr may predicate a poor outcome of critically ill COPD patients.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of galactomannan(GM)detection in serum and BALF for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA)in non-neutropenic hosts.Methods A prospective study was performed for 1 356 no...Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of galactomannan(GM)detection in serum and BALF for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA)in non-neutropenic hosts.Methods A prospective study was performed for 1 356 non-neutropenic hosts admitted to the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2012BAC01B05)
文摘Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world＇s most serious weeds, influences seriously the yield and quality of cereal crop plant.It is well known that E.crus-galli grain is dormant, but its dormant type, as well as its dormancy release and germination in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity were poorly understood.The cooperation of endo-β-mannanase（EC 3.2.1.78）, β-mannosidase（EC 3.2.1.25） and α-galactosidase（EC 3.2.1.22） can hydrolyze the cell walls rich in mannan-based polymers.In the present paper, the mature grains are used as experimental materials, we investigated the water uptake of grains, the effect of removing partial endosperm, after-ripening, stratification and phytohormone on grain germination, and the change in endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase activities of grains during after-ripening and germination.The results showed that the freshly-collected grains were water-permeable and had only phase I and II of water uptake, while the grains after-ripened for 150 d had an obvious phase III of water uptake.In alternating photoperiod, the germination of grains freshly-collected was zero at 10–35°C, and that of half grains was 11% at 20°C only.The grain germination was notably promoted by after-ripening and stratification, but not by gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001–1 mmol L–1.β-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening and then decreased.The activity of endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase of grains decreased with after-ripening.During grain germination, endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities obviously increased, while α-galactosidase activity decreased.Our data showed that E.crus-galli grain was a deep physiological dormant, the dormancy release by after-ripening was related to an increasing β-mannosidase activity, and its germination was closely associated with an increasing endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activity; which have provided new knowledge to decrease the harm of E.crus-galli on production of cereal crop plant.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B15151300042021B1515140021)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Start-up Funding of Guangdong Medical University(1026/4SG21229G)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702781)Guangdong Medical University Post-doctoral Research Funding(2BH19006P)。
文摘Ovalbumin(OVA)is the major allergenic protein that can induce T helper 2(Th2)-allergic reactions,for which current treatment options are inadequate.In this study,we developed a polymerized hypoallergenic OVA product via laccase/caffeic acid(Lac/CA)-catalyzed crosslinking in conjunction with galactomannan(Man).The formation of high molecular weight crosslinked polymers and the Ig G-binding were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting.The study indicated that Lac/CA-catalyzed crosslinking plus Man conjugation substantially altered secondary and tertiary structures of OVA along with the variation in surface hydrophobicity.Gastrointestinal digestion stability assay indicated that crosslinked OVA exhibited less resistance in simulated gastric fluid(SGF)and simulated intestinal fluid(SIF).Mouse model study indicated that Lac-Man/OVA ameliorated eosinophilic airway inflammatory response and efficiently downregulated the expression of Th2-related cytokines(interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,and IL-13),and upregulated IFN-γand IL-10 expression.Stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with Lac-Man/OVA suppressed the expression of phenotypic maturation markers(CD80 and CD86)and MHC class II molecules,and suppressed the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines.The knowledge obtained in the present study offers an effective way to acquire a hypoallergenic OVA product that can have a therapeutic effect in alleviating OVA-induced allergic asthma.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0902000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21877074).
文摘The galactomannan from Antrodia cinnamomea(AC)is characterized as one of the important bioactive components that exhibits potential immunostimulatory propriety.The biological function of its corresponding oligosaccharide fragments has not been revealed yet.In this study,we reported the first chemical synthesis of the series of oligosaccharide fragments related to AC galactomannan via the convergent glycosylation strategy.The preliminary immunological evaluation of these synthesized AC oligosaccharides disclosed that the backbone tetrasaccharide 1d showed the best immunomodulatory ability on enhancing proliferation,phagocytosis and cytokines secretion of Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro,indicating its immense potential as an immunostimulant candidate.
基金support by Brazilian governmental agency FUNCAP(Ceara State Research Funding)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of galactomannans extracted from Adenanthera pavonina's L.seeds(GAP) in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic mice.Methods:The preliminary galactomannan yield from Adenanthera pavonina L.plant and extraction products composition were evaluated.Various chemical characterization methods like thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ~1H and ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography have been employed to characterize the extracted galactomannan.The mice were divided in four groups: Normal control, diabetic control, GAP(1% and 2%) treated and standard drug treated groups.Diabetic mice received treatment daily for 30 d.Diabetes was induced by STZ at a single dose of 120 mg/kg.Body weight, water and food intake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured.Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver were performed to evaluate STZ-induced tissue injuries.Results: The isolated and extracted galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina was confirmed by various chemical characterization methods.GAP exhibited a 1.46:1 mannose: galactose ratio, and high molar weight.Both GAP enriched food decreased glycaemia, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol.GAP didn't interfere on food intakes or body weight, although it increased water intake.Furthermore, the relative liver weight indicated toxic galactomannan effects on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in STZ induced diabetes.Conclusions: It is concluded that GAP is a natural product that contains potent galactomannan and is useful in preventing and treating diabetes.
文摘A galactomannan was isolated from seeds of a leguminous plant, Desmanthus illinoensis, which is grown in Okinawa, Japan. D-Galactose (molar ratio, 1.0) and D-mannose (0.82) were identified via High-performance Anion Exchange Chromatography Coupled with a Pulse Amperometric Detector. The molecular mass and specific rotation were estimated to be 1000 kDa and +53.8°, respectively. The infrared spectrum indicated that the galactomannan was involved in both α- and β-linkages, and two types of α-linkages were detected at 814 and 830 cm-1. The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra indicated that the majority of the β-D-mannan main chain was substituted with mono α-D-galactose or α-D-galacto-disaccharide-side chains. Methylation analysis was used to identify 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (molar ratio, 3.3), 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl- D-galactose (1.0) and 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-mannose (3.1). Specifically, unique 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl D-galactose residue was identified from mass spectrum. The results suggested that the galactomannan was 1,4-linked-β-D-mannan substituted with α-D-galactose or 1,6-linked-α-D-galacto-disaccharide side chains at C-6 on the main chain. The galactomannan isolated from D. illinoensis was an unusual highly branched polysaccharide, and its chemical structure was proposed. This work is the first to report on the galactomannan involving 1,6-linked α-D-galacto-disaccharide side chains in addition to α-D-galactose mono side chains.
文摘Over the past decade,scientific societies have emphasized the importance of early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA),a condition that,although not frequent,has gained relevance in intensive care units(ICUs).[1]This has become especially evident in recent years for 2 main reasons:the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and the growing recognition of Aspergillus infection across a broader clinical spectrum.
文摘Background Critically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patients admitted to an intensive care unit （ICU） due to respiratory failure are at particularly high risk of Aspergillus infection.The serum galactomannan index （GMI） has proven to be one of the prognostic criteria for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis （IPA） in classical immunocompromised patients.However,the prognostic value of serum GMI in critically ill COPD patients needs evaluation.The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of serum GMI in patients with severe COPD.Methods In this single-center prospective cohort study,serum samples for GMI assay were collected twice a week from the first day of ICU admission to the day of the patients＇ discharge or death.Patients were divided into two groups according to their clinical outcome on the 28th day of their ICU admission.Univariate analysis and survival analysis were tested in these two groups.Results One hundred and fifty-three critically ill COPD patients were included and were divided into survival group （106 cases） and non-survival group （47 cases） according to their outcome.Univariate analysis showed that the highest GMI level during the first week after admission （GMI-high 1st week） was statistically different between the two groups.Independent prognostic factors for poor outcome in severe COPD patients were：GMI-high 1st week ＞0.5 （RR：4.04,95％ CI：2.17-7.51） combined with accumulative dosage of corticosteroids ＞216 mg before the RICU admission （RR：2.25,95％ CI：1.11-4.56） and clearance of creatinine （Ccr） ＜64.31 ml/min （RR：2.48,95％ CI：1.22-5.07）.Conclusions The positive GMI-high 1st week （＞0.5） combined with an accumulative dosage of corticosteroids ＞216 mg before the ICU admission and a low Ccr may predicate a poor outcome of critically ill COPD patients.
文摘Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of galactomannan(GM)detection in serum and BALF for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA)in non-neutropenic hosts.Methods A prospective study was performed for 1 356 non-neutropenic hosts admitted to the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of
