The knowledge of origin and evolution of cultivated soybeans is one of the basic issues in both biology and agronomy of the crop.In order to investigate the nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic diversity,geographic differe...The knowledge of origin and evolution of cultivated soybeans is one of the basic issues in both biology and agronomy of the crop.In order to investigate the nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic diversity,geographic differentiation and genetic relationship among geographic ecotypes of cultivated(Glycine max)and wild(G.soja)soybeans,the allelic profiles at 60 nuclear simple-sequence repeat(nuSSR)loci and 11 chloroplastic SSR(cpSSR)loci evenly distributed on whole genome of 393 landraces and 196 wild accessions from nation-wide growing areas in China were analyzed.(i)The genetic diversity of the wild soybean was obviously larger than that of the cultivated soybean,with their nuSSR and cpSSR alleles as 1067 vs.980 and 57 vs 44,respectively.Of the 980 nuclear alleles detected in the cultivated soybean,377 new ones(38.5%)emerged,while of the 44 chloroplastic alleles in the cultivated soybean,seven new ones(15.9%)emerged after domestication.(ii)Among the cultivated geographic ecotypes,those from southern China,including South-Central China,Southwest China and South China possessed relatively great genetic diversity than those from northern China,while among the wild geographic ecotypes,the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype showed the highest genetic diversity.(iii)The analysis of molecular variance,association analysis between geographic grouping and molecular marker clustering and analysis of specific-present alleles of ecotypes demonstrated that the geographic differentiation of both cultivated and wild soybeans associated with their genetic differentiation,or in other words,had their relevant genetic bases.(iv)The cluster analysis of all accessions clearly showed that the wild accessions from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys and South-Central&Southwest China had relatively small genetic distances with all cultivated accessions.The UPGMA dendrogram among geographic ecotypes further showed that the genetic distances between all cultivated ecotypes and the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype were smaller than those with other wild ones,including their local wild counterparts.Therefore,it is inferred that the wild ancestors in southern China,especially those from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys might be the common ancestor of all the cultivated soybeans.展开更多
To explore genetic resource of wild soybean(Glycine soia. L), RNA-seq was used to investigate cyst nematode resistance of G. soja. Root transcriptome expressions were profiled at 9, 15 and 20 d post inoculation(DPI) i...To explore genetic resource of wild soybean(Glycine soia. L), RNA-seq was used to investigate cyst nematode resistance of G. soja. Root transcriptome expressions were profiled at 9, 15 and 20 d post inoculation(DPI) in resistant and susceptible G. soja to SCN(soybean cyst nematode). A total of 1,594 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified in roots infected by SCN compared with non-infected roots. In the resistant accession, 619, 65, and 8 DEGs were detected at 9, 15, and 20 DPI, respectively, while 327, 460 and 115 DEGs were detected at the same sampling point of susceptible accessions. DEGs were enriched in peroxidase gene sets which were involved in response to oxidative stress and oxidation reduction. Two gene families, ZIM transcription factor and WRKY transcription factor were enriched. WRKY transcription factor was only enriched in resistant accession. Moreover, gene expressions of 9 DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR. XLOC_023202, an unknown protein was up regulated more than 5 fold at 9 and 15 DPI in the resistant accession. These results provided an atlas of gene expressions of G. soja in response to SCN infection, and identified candidate DEGs for future research.展开更多
The circadian rhythms of apical meristem mitosis cells of the two types of soybean were investigated： wild soybeans - Glycine max （L.） Merr. （G. hispida Max.）, G. soja Sieb., and Zucc （G, ussuriensis Reg. and Ma...The circadian rhythms of apical meristem mitosis cells of the two types of soybean were investigated： wild soybeans - Glycine max （L.） Merr. （G. hispida Max.）, G. soja Sieb., and Zucc （G, ussuriensis Reg. and Maack）; and the hybrids of their homozygous forms （F6）. Representatives of the initial kinds and interspecific hybrids for reproduction were grown up in comparable conditions. Seeds of a soybean were grown up at 24℃ in Petri cups in thermostat in darkness during winter. For research of mitotic meristem cages activity the tips of roots were fixed temporal by acetoalcohol （fractional fixing） from 1 p.m. till 12 a.m., further up to 12 p.m. each 60 minutes. Acetokarmin was used for preparing the coloring. For researching of mitotic indexes, there have been analyzed from 6 up to 10 thousand cells at each stage （during each moment of time： 01 hour, 02, 03 06 ... 12, 13 ... 18 hours and further）. Within a day （day ＋ night） in cells of root apical meristem, three mitosis ＂waves＂ in each of the investigated forms with an absolute starting point of rest at 12 p.m., with precisely expressed further periodicity were found out. Each of the investigated forms misses in character of wave processes, on a degree of increase and recession of mitosis waves, on the level of mitotic indexes. Maximal mitotic activity at all the investigated forms is noted at 6 and 12 a.m. and 6 p.m.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32671266)National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2006CB101708 and 2009CB118404)+2 种基金Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(Grant No.2006BAD13B05-7)Special Public Sector Research of the Ministry of Agriculture(Grant No.200803060)Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project)(Grant No.B08025)
文摘The knowledge of origin and evolution of cultivated soybeans is one of the basic issues in both biology and agronomy of the crop.In order to investigate the nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic diversity,geographic differentiation and genetic relationship among geographic ecotypes of cultivated(Glycine max)and wild(G.soja)soybeans,the allelic profiles at 60 nuclear simple-sequence repeat(nuSSR)loci and 11 chloroplastic SSR(cpSSR)loci evenly distributed on whole genome of 393 landraces and 196 wild accessions from nation-wide growing areas in China were analyzed.(i)The genetic diversity of the wild soybean was obviously larger than that of the cultivated soybean,with their nuSSR and cpSSR alleles as 1067 vs.980 and 57 vs 44,respectively.Of the 980 nuclear alleles detected in the cultivated soybean,377 new ones(38.5%)emerged,while of the 44 chloroplastic alleles in the cultivated soybean,seven new ones(15.9%)emerged after domestication.(ii)Among the cultivated geographic ecotypes,those from southern China,including South-Central China,Southwest China and South China possessed relatively great genetic diversity than those from northern China,while among the wild geographic ecotypes,the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype showed the highest genetic diversity.(iii)The analysis of molecular variance,association analysis between geographic grouping and molecular marker clustering and analysis of specific-present alleles of ecotypes demonstrated that the geographic differentiation of both cultivated and wild soybeans associated with their genetic differentiation,or in other words,had their relevant genetic bases.(iv)The cluster analysis of all accessions clearly showed that the wild accessions from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys and South-Central&Southwest China had relatively small genetic distances with all cultivated accessions.The UPGMA dendrogram among geographic ecotypes further showed that the genetic distances between all cultivated ecotypes and the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype were smaller than those with other wild ones,including their local wild counterparts.Therefore,it is inferred that the wild ancestors in southern China,especially those from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys might be the common ancestor of all the cultivated soybeans.
基金supported by Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province (20170414009GH)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jilin Province (CXGC2017JQ018, CXGC2017ZY024)the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service
文摘To explore genetic resource of wild soybean(Glycine soia. L), RNA-seq was used to investigate cyst nematode resistance of G. soja. Root transcriptome expressions were profiled at 9, 15 and 20 d post inoculation(DPI) in resistant and susceptible G. soja to SCN(soybean cyst nematode). A total of 1,594 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified in roots infected by SCN compared with non-infected roots. In the resistant accession, 619, 65, and 8 DEGs were detected at 9, 15, and 20 DPI, respectively, while 327, 460 and 115 DEGs were detected at the same sampling point of susceptible accessions. DEGs were enriched in peroxidase gene sets which were involved in response to oxidative stress and oxidation reduction. Two gene families, ZIM transcription factor and WRKY transcription factor were enriched. WRKY transcription factor was only enriched in resistant accession. Moreover, gene expressions of 9 DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR. XLOC_023202, an unknown protein was up regulated more than 5 fold at 9 and 15 DPI in the resistant accession. These results provided an atlas of gene expressions of G. soja in response to SCN infection, and identified candidate DEGs for future research.
文摘The circadian rhythms of apical meristem mitosis cells of the two types of soybean were investigated： wild soybeans - Glycine max （L.） Merr. （G. hispida Max.）, G. soja Sieb., and Zucc （G, ussuriensis Reg. and Maack）; and the hybrids of their homozygous forms （F6）. Representatives of the initial kinds and interspecific hybrids for reproduction were grown up in comparable conditions. Seeds of a soybean were grown up at 24℃ in Petri cups in thermostat in darkness during winter. For research of mitotic meristem cages activity the tips of roots were fixed temporal by acetoalcohol （fractional fixing） from 1 p.m. till 12 a.m., further up to 12 p.m. each 60 minutes. Acetokarmin was used for preparing the coloring. For researching of mitotic indexes, there have been analyzed from 6 up to 10 thousand cells at each stage （during each moment of time： 01 hour, 02, 03 06 ... 12, 13 ... 18 hours and further）. Within a day （day ＋ night） in cells of root apical meristem, three mitosis ＂waves＂ in each of the investigated forms with an absolute starting point of rest at 12 p.m., with precisely expressed further periodicity were found out. Each of the investigated forms misses in character of wave processes, on a degree of increase and recession of mitosis waves, on the level of mitotic indexes. Maximal mitotic activity at all the investigated forms is noted at 6 and 12 a.m. and 6 p.m.
