A hyperparasitic fungus was found on uredinia of Coleosporium plumeria on leaves of Plumeria rubra in Thailand.The hyperparasite was identified as Ramularia coleosporii following an examination of its morphological ch...A hyperparasitic fungus was found on uredinia of Coleosporium plumeria on leaves of Plumeria rubra in Thailand.The hyperparasite was identified as Ramularia coleosporii following an examination of its morphological characters and a phylogenetic analysis by using ITS sequence data.This is the first record of R.coleosporii on C.plumeriae in Thailand.Ramularia coleosporii has the potential for biocontrol management strategies of the rust.展开更多
This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phyl...This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phylogenetic analyses revealed Encoelia and Encoelioideae to be highly polyphyletic,with species distributed among eight major lineages.Encoelia fascicularis and E.pruinosa belonged to Sclerotiniaceae and were combined in a new genus,Sclerencoelia.Rutstroemiaceae comprised E.tiliacea and Dencoeliopsis johnstonii,both accepted in Rutstroemia.The type of Encoelia,E.furfuracea,was closely related to species of Velutarina,Cenangiopsis and Crumenulopsis.These species together with members of Hemiphacidiaceae formed a clade conforming to the emended concept of Cenangiaceae,introduced here.Another resurrected family,Cordieritidaceae,comprised E.fimbriata,E.heteromera and species of Ameghiniella,Cordierites,Diplocarpa and Ionomidotis,characterised by inamyloid asci and a positive ionomidotic reaction.Encoelia glauca showed closest affinities with Chlorociboria species in Chlorociboriaceae.A new genus,Xeropilidium,with sporodochial and pycnidial synanamorphs,was described for the distinct encoelioid member of the Chaetomellaceae,previously known as E.fuckelii.Morphological and ecological synapomorphies were distinguished from convergent characters to delimit monophyletic taxa including encoelioid fungi.Incorporation of public sequences from various biological samples in ITS rDNA analyses allowed identification of sequenced organisms at species,genus,or family level and added information on the ecology of seversal taxa.Members of Cenangiaceae appeared to be widespread as endophytes.Inclusion of encoelioid genera in Chaetomellaceae and Sclerotiniaceae added xylicolous saprotrophs to these families.展开更多
Mushrooms are important organisms because of their human nutritional and medicinal value.With the expansion of the culti-vation of edible mushrooms,fungal diseases have become a major problem in limiting their product...Mushrooms are important organisms because of their human nutritional and medicinal value.With the expansion of the culti-vation of edible mushrooms,fungal diseases have become a major problem in limiting their production.Numerous fungi can cause mushroom deformation or rots.In this publication we report on fungal diseases found during Morchella cultivation in China,with emphasis on morphology and phylogeny to characterise species.The key findings include 1)establishment of a new family Albomorchellophilaceae in Hypocreales,and a novel monotypic genus Albomorchellophila with the type species A.morchellae.Divergence time estimates indicate that Albomorchellophilaceae diverged from its sister family Calcarispo-riaceae at ca.105(92-120)MYA;2)the phylogeny and morphology of the family Pseudodiploosporeaceae(Hypocreales)is revised.The family contains a single genus Pseudodiploospora.Intraspecific genetic analyses of Pseudodiploospora longispora reveals significant base differences within strains,especially in the regions of protein-coding genes RPB 2 and TEF;3)four fungicolous taxa,i.e.,Cylindrodendrum alicantinum,Hypomyces aurantius,Hypomyces rosellus,and Tricho-thecium roseum,are reported as putative pathogens on cultivated morels for the first time.In addition,the previously reported pathogens of morels,Clonostachys rosea,Clonostachys solani,Hypomyces odoratus,and Pseudodiploospora longispora are also detailed in their symptoms and morphology;4)the phylogeny and morphology of“Zelopaecilomyces”previously placed within Pseudodiploosporeaceae are re-assessed.“Zelopaecilomyces”is proved to be introduced through a chimerism of gene fragments sourced from two distinct organisms.Consequently,it is recommended that“Zelopaecilomyces”should not be recognised due to the mixed up molecular data in phylogeny and a lack of support from morphological evidence.Furthermore,this study discusses the voucher specimen Paecilomyces penicillatus(CBS 448.69),which may contain two mixed taxa,i.e.,Pseudodiploospora longispora and a member of Penicillium.Publications on pathogenic fungi of cultivated mushrooms is sporadically,which leads to a lack of understanding of causal agents.As a follow up to the diseases of morel cultivation,we also review the fungal diseases of cultivated mushrooms reported over the last four decades.More than 130 pathogens affect the growth and development of the main cultivated mushrooms.The taxonomic diversity of these pathogens is high,distributed in 58 genera,40 families,20 orders,12 classes and six phyla.The host infected are from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota,mainly being reported from Agaricus bisporus,Cordyceps militaris,Morchella spp.,and Pleurotus spp.This study not only enriches our current knowledge on the diversity of pathogens of cultivated mushrooms,especially morels,but also recognizes the importance of some taxa as potential pathogens.Taxonomic investigation and accurate identification are initial and key steps to understanding pathogen-mushroom interactions,and will result in better disease management strategies in the mushroom industry.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31600024)。
文摘A hyperparasitic fungus was found on uredinia of Coleosporium plumeria on leaves of Plumeria rubra in Thailand.The hyperparasite was identified as Ramularia coleosporii following an examination of its morphological characters and a phylogenetic analysis by using ITS sequence data.This is the first record of R.coleosporii on C.plumeriae in Thailand.Ramularia coleosporii has the potential for biocontrol management strategies of the rust.
基金supported by the Estonian Science Agency(project IUT20-30)the European Regional Development Fund(Centre of Excellence EcolChange).
文摘This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phylogenetic analyses revealed Encoelia and Encoelioideae to be highly polyphyletic,with species distributed among eight major lineages.Encoelia fascicularis and E.pruinosa belonged to Sclerotiniaceae and were combined in a new genus,Sclerencoelia.Rutstroemiaceae comprised E.tiliacea and Dencoeliopsis johnstonii,both accepted in Rutstroemia.The type of Encoelia,E.furfuracea,was closely related to species of Velutarina,Cenangiopsis and Crumenulopsis.These species together with members of Hemiphacidiaceae formed a clade conforming to the emended concept of Cenangiaceae,introduced here.Another resurrected family,Cordieritidaceae,comprised E.fimbriata,E.heteromera and species of Ameghiniella,Cordierites,Diplocarpa and Ionomidotis,characterised by inamyloid asci and a positive ionomidotic reaction.Encoelia glauca showed closest affinities with Chlorociboria species in Chlorociboriaceae.A new genus,Xeropilidium,with sporodochial and pycnidial synanamorphs,was described for the distinct encoelioid member of the Chaetomellaceae,previously known as E.fuckelii.Morphological and ecological synapomorphies were distinguished from convergent characters to delimit monophyletic taxa including encoelioid fungi.Incorporation of public sequences from various biological samples in ITS rDNA analyses allowed identification of sequenced organisms at species,genus,or family level and added information on the ecology of seversal taxa.Members of Cenangiaceae appeared to be widespread as endophytes.Inclusion of encoelioid genera in Chaetomellaceae and Sclerotiniaceae added xylicolous saprotrophs to these families.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0503)Major science and technology projects and key R&D plans/programs,Yunnan Province(202202AE090001)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant No.Qian Ke Zhong Yin Di[2021]4031,Qian Ke He Zhi Cheng[2021]Generally 200)the open research project of“Cross-Cooperative Team”of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.292019312511043)the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,PR China(2019HJ2096001006)the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)grant“Total fungal diversity in a given forest area with implications towards species numbers,chemical diversity and biotechnology”(Grant No.N42A650547)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072645)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects ZK[2023]general 087。
文摘Mushrooms are important organisms because of their human nutritional and medicinal value.With the expansion of the culti-vation of edible mushrooms,fungal diseases have become a major problem in limiting their production.Numerous fungi can cause mushroom deformation or rots.In this publication we report on fungal diseases found during Morchella cultivation in China,with emphasis on morphology and phylogeny to characterise species.The key findings include 1)establishment of a new family Albomorchellophilaceae in Hypocreales,and a novel monotypic genus Albomorchellophila with the type species A.morchellae.Divergence time estimates indicate that Albomorchellophilaceae diverged from its sister family Calcarispo-riaceae at ca.105(92-120)MYA;2)the phylogeny and morphology of the family Pseudodiploosporeaceae(Hypocreales)is revised.The family contains a single genus Pseudodiploospora.Intraspecific genetic analyses of Pseudodiploospora longispora reveals significant base differences within strains,especially in the regions of protein-coding genes RPB 2 and TEF;3)four fungicolous taxa,i.e.,Cylindrodendrum alicantinum,Hypomyces aurantius,Hypomyces rosellus,and Tricho-thecium roseum,are reported as putative pathogens on cultivated morels for the first time.In addition,the previously reported pathogens of morels,Clonostachys rosea,Clonostachys solani,Hypomyces odoratus,and Pseudodiploospora longispora are also detailed in their symptoms and morphology;4)the phylogeny and morphology of“Zelopaecilomyces”previously placed within Pseudodiploosporeaceae are re-assessed.“Zelopaecilomyces”is proved to be introduced through a chimerism of gene fragments sourced from two distinct organisms.Consequently,it is recommended that“Zelopaecilomyces”should not be recognised due to the mixed up molecular data in phylogeny and a lack of support from morphological evidence.Furthermore,this study discusses the voucher specimen Paecilomyces penicillatus(CBS 448.69),which may contain two mixed taxa,i.e.,Pseudodiploospora longispora and a member of Penicillium.Publications on pathogenic fungi of cultivated mushrooms is sporadically,which leads to a lack of understanding of causal agents.As a follow up to the diseases of morel cultivation,we also review the fungal diseases of cultivated mushrooms reported over the last four decades.More than 130 pathogens affect the growth and development of the main cultivated mushrooms.The taxonomic diversity of these pathogens is high,distributed in 58 genera,40 families,20 orders,12 classes and six phyla.The host infected are from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota,mainly being reported from Agaricus bisporus,Cordyceps militaris,Morchella spp.,and Pleurotus spp.This study not only enriches our current knowledge on the diversity of pathogens of cultivated mushrooms,especially morels,but also recognizes the importance of some taxa as potential pathogens.Taxonomic investigation and accurate identification are initial and key steps to understanding pathogen-mushroom interactions,and will result in better disease management strategies in the mushroom industry.
