Certain agricultural management practices are known to affect the soil microbial community structure;however,knowledge of the response of the fungal community structure to the long-term continuous cropping and rotatio...Certain agricultural management practices are known to affect the soil microbial community structure;however,knowledge of the response of the fungal community structure to the long-term continuous cropping and rotation of soybean,maize and wheat in the same agroecosystem is limited.We assessed the fungal abundance,composition and diversity among soybean rotation,maize rotation and wheat rotation systems and among long-term continuous cropping systems of soybean,maize and wheat as the effect of crop types on fungal community structure.We compared these fungal parameters of same crop between long-term crop rotation and continuous cropping systems as the effect of cropping systems on fungal community structure.The fungal abundance and composition were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing.The results revealed that long-term continuous soybean cropping increased the soil fungal abundance compared with soybean rotation,and the fungal abundance was decreased in long-term continuous maize cropping compared with maize rotation.The long-term continuous soybean cropping also exhibited increased soil fungal diversity.The variation in the fungal community structure among the three crops was greater than that between long-term continuous cropping and rotation cropping.Mortierella,Guehomyces and Alternaria were the most important contributors to the dissimilarity of the fungal communities between the continuous cropping and rotation cropping of soybean,maize and wheat.There were 11 potential pathogen and 11 potential biocontrol fungi identified,and the relative abundance of most of the potential pathogenic fungi increased during the long-term continuous cropping of all three crops.The relative abundance of most biocontrol fungi increased in long-term continuous soybean cropping but decreased in long-term continuous maize and wheat cropping.Our results indicate that the response of the soil fungal community structure to long-term continuous cropping varies based upon crop types.展开更多
Human activities contribute to elevated nitrogen input in terrestrial ecosystems,influencing the composition of soil nutrients and microbial diversity in forest ecosystems.In this study,we built four addition treatmen...Human activities contribute to elevated nitrogen input in terrestrial ecosystems,influencing the composition of soil nutrients and microbial diversity in forest ecosystems.In this study,we built four addition treatments(0,20,40,and 80 kg ha^(−1)a^(−1)N for 6 a)at a Korean pine plantation of different soil horizons(organic(O)horizon,ranging from 0 to 10 cm,and organomineral(A)horizon,extending from 10 to 20 cm)to evaluate responses of the structure of saprophytic fungal communities.Here,80 kg ha^(−1)a^(−1)N treatment significantly decreased the community richness in soil A horizon with the Chao1 index decreasing by 12.68%.Nitrogen addition induced changes in the composition of saprophytic fungi community between the different soil horizons.The co-occurrence network and its associated topological structure were utilized to identify mycoindicators for specific fungi to both soil horizons and nitrogen addition levels.In soil O horizon,the mycoindicators included Penicillium,Trichoderma,Aspergillus,and Pseudeurotium across control,low,medium,and high nitrogen treatments.In soil A horizon,Geomyces,Cladophialophora,Penicillium,and Pseudeurotium were identified as mycoindicators.Structural equation modeling determined NH_(4)^(+)-N as the key factor driving changes in saprotrophic fungal communities.Our study aimed to screen mycoindicators that can respond to the increasing global nitrogen deposition and to assess the roles of these mycoindicators in the saprophytic fun-gal community structure within Korean pine plantations in northeast China.展开更多
【Background】The application of beneficial-microbial seed soaking prior to sowing represents a novel technology that has not been employed in Lanzhou lily cultivation.We conducted an experiment to explore the impact ...【Background】The application of beneficial-microbial seed soaking prior to sowing represents a novel technology that has not been employed in Lanzhou lily cultivation.We conducted an experiment to explore the impact of this soaking method on the fungal and bacterial community structures using next-generation sequencing technology(NGS).【Methods】Lily bulbs were soaked in a seed treating agent containing beneficial microbes(SP treatment)for 4 hours.Subsequently,they were planted in soil in July and sampled in September to assess plant growth,rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties,and microorganism community structures.In addition,we employed the software PICRUSt and FUNGuild to predict bacterial pathways and fungal functions.【Results】Under SP treatment,there were significant alterations in fungi and bacteria community structures,accompanied by improved soil nutrient status.Notably,the relative abundance of dominant microorganism groups,such as the fungi Basidiomycota,Pseudeurotium,Cladophialophora,Microascus,and Dactylonectria,as well as the bacteria Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Ochrobactrium,Lysobacter,and RB41,underwent notable changes.Microorganism function prediction results indicated a reduction in pathotrophic fungi(including plant pathogens)and an increase in endophytic and saprotrophic fungi under SP treatment.Among the top 20 metabolism pathways,80%were upregulated in SP treatment compared to the CK.【Conclusions】Seed soaking with beneficial microbial strain promotes the growth of Lanzhou lily bulbs.The beneficial microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating soil microbial structures,enhancing the accumulation of endophytic fungi,reducing the abundance of pathogens,and improving soil functions.Furthermore,specific microbial groups are found to be involved in maintaining soil health.展开更多
In the first tier risk assessment（RA） of pesticides, risk for aquatic communities is estimated by using results from standard laboratory tests with algae, daphnids and fish for single pesticides such as herbicides, ...In the first tier risk assessment（RA） of pesticides, risk for aquatic communities is estimated by using results from standard laboratory tests with algae, daphnids and fish for single pesticides such as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. However, fungi as key organisms for nutrient cycling in ecosystems as well as multiple pesticide applications are not considered in the RA. In this study, the effects of multiple low pesticide pulses using regulatory acceptable concentrations（RACs） on the dynamics of non-target aquatic fungi were investigated in a study using pond mesocosm. For that, fungi colonizing black alder（Alnus glutinosa） leaves were exposed to multiple, low pulses of 11 different pesticides over a period of 60 days using a real farmer＇s pesticide application protocol for apple cropping.Four pond mesocosms served as treatments and 4 as controls. The composition of fungal communities colonizing the litter material was analyzed using a molecular fingerprinting approach based on the terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism（t-RFLP） of the fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer（ITS） region of the ribonucleic acid（RNA） gene（s）. Our data indicated a clear fluctuation of fungal communities based on the degree of leaf litter degradation. However significant effects of the applied spraying sequence were not observed. Consequently also degradation rates of the litter material were not affected by the treatments. Our results indicate that the nutrient rich environment of the leaf litter material gave fungal communities the possibility to express genes that induce tolerance against the applied pesticides. Thus our data may not be transferred to other fresh water habitats with lower nutrient availability.展开更多
Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved,indicating a tendency of closely related species to interact with similar partners.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi form obligate symbioses with the roots of most la...Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved,indicating a tendency of closely related species to interact with similar partners.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi form obligate symbioses with the roots of most land plants.Local host preference is frequently reported as a factor in structuring AM fungal communities.There lacks study about whether AM fungi-host preference could structure AM fungal communities at the regional scales.Here,AM fungal communities of 296 root samples were revealed,encompassing 76 plant species from 29 plant families,which were sampled in steppe in the Xilingol Grassland in northern China.The relative importance of plant phylogeny,geographical distance,and environmental variables were characterized on phylogenetic turnover of AM fungal communities with GLMM-MCMC(the generalized linear mixed model using Markov chain Monte Carlo)and Mantel test approaches.Geographic distance appeared to be more important to the phylogenetic turnover of AM fungal communities than plant phylogeny and environmental variables,evidencing the role of dispersal limitation in shaping the root AM fungal communities.A great majority of phylogenetic beta diversity(betaNTI and betaNRI)is distributed between−2 and+2,which also suggested a random pattern of AM fungal communities.Here,empirical evidence supporting that dispersal limitation is the main determinant of AM fungal communities at the landscape scale is provided and it is suggested that AM fungal communities are mainly structured by stochastic events.展开更多
Little is known about the responses of soil fungal communities to revegetation of mine wastelands,representing a major gap in the knowledge needed to improve the performances of revegetation schemes for mine wasteland...Little is known about the responses of soil fungal communities to revegetation of mine wastelands,representing a major gap in the knowledge needed to improve the performances of revegetation schemes for mine wastelands.To shed some light on this matter,we reestablished 4000 m^(2) of vegetation on an extremely acidic(pH 2.5)copper mine tailings pond and collected soil samples from three different types of habitats:amended layer of the reclaimed tailings(ALRT),unamended layer of the reclaimed tailings(ULRT),and unreclaimed tailings(UT).Soil fungal communities in the 120 samples collected in two consecutive years were characterized via high-throughput sequencing.The fungal diversities at ALRTand ULRT were found to be significantly higher than those at UT.Ascomycota whose relative abundance ranged from 74.5% to 98.4% was the most predominant phylum across all habitats,exhibiting the lowest predominance at ALRT.Two acidophilic fungal genera,Acidomyces and Acidiella,dominated UT with relative abundances being as high as 37.8% and 15.2%,respectively.In contrast,three genera with plant growth-promoting species(Talaromyces,Trichoderma and Penicillium)were abundant at ULRT and ALRT.Remarkably,their relative abundances at ULRTcould be up to 29.0%,26.9% and 9.7%,respectively.The three types of habitats differed considerably in the overall soil fungal community composition at species level,which became more pronounced as time progressed.The abovementioned differences between habitats in soil fungal community features were related to the reduced availability of soil copper and zinc.These results improved our understanding of fungal ecology of mine wastelands.展开更多
We investigated the structural changes in the microbial flora during the fermentation process(with primers added for fermentation)of Congee and its influence on the flavor compounds of Congee using high-throughput seq...We investigated the structural changes in the microbial flora during the fermentation process(with primers added for fermentation)of Congee and its influence on the flavor compounds of Congee using high-throughput sequencing technology.W detected and analyzed the bacterial and fungal community dynamics.In addition,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,electronic nose technology,and electronic tongue technology were used to monitor the changes in the flavor compounds of Congee at different fermentation time points;the correlation between the two was analyzed.The Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed bacterial in Congee samples at different fermentation stages belonged mainly to genera Lactobacillus,Kosakonia,and Enterococcus.The major fungal genera were Yarrowia,Dipodascus,and Pichia.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)revealed that 90 volatile compounds were detected in the Congee samples during the fermentation process,among which ethyl acetate,eucalyptol,nonanal,heptyl ethyl acid,and acetic acid constituted important aroma compounds in Congee.In addition,16 amino acids were detected from the Congee samples.At 48 h of fermentation,the content of total amino acids increased to twice that at 0 h of fermentation;the contents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the highest.The electronic nose technology revealed that the W5S(nitrogen oxide),W1S(methyl)and W1W(sulfide sensitive)sensors showed a higher response to Congee samples.In terms of taste,the response signals of Congee,sweetness,and saltiness were the strongest.The covariance between microbial flora and flavor compounds was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation analysis.Ralstonia was significantly positive correlation with found with pyridine,butanoic acid,hexanoic acid,and D-limonene(p<0.05),and a significant negative correlation with hexadecanoic acid and ethyl ester(p<0.05).Bacillus exerted a significant positive correlation with heptanoic acid and ethyl ester(p<0.05).Yarrowia was positively correlated with compounds such as heptanoic acid,ethyl ester,ethyl 2-methyl butyrate(p<0.05)and negatively correlated with 2-Dece0l,(E)-,Hepta0l(p<0.05).Dipodascus was negatively correlated with compounds such as naphthalene,furan,2-pentyl-,butanedioic acid(p<0.05).In all,Ralstonia,Bacillus,Yarrowia,and Dipodascus exerted positive effects on the formation of the Congee flavor.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD02003009-6 and 2016YFD0300806)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771327 and 41571219)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS04)
文摘Certain agricultural management practices are known to affect the soil microbial community structure;however,knowledge of the response of the fungal community structure to the long-term continuous cropping and rotation of soybean,maize and wheat in the same agroecosystem is limited.We assessed the fungal abundance,composition and diversity among soybean rotation,maize rotation and wheat rotation systems and among long-term continuous cropping systems of soybean,maize and wheat as the effect of crop types on fungal community structure.We compared these fungal parameters of same crop between long-term crop rotation and continuous cropping systems as the effect of cropping systems on fungal community structure.The fungal abundance and composition were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing.The results revealed that long-term continuous soybean cropping increased the soil fungal abundance compared with soybean rotation,and the fungal abundance was decreased in long-term continuous maize cropping compared with maize rotation.The long-term continuous soybean cropping also exhibited increased soil fungal diversity.The variation in the fungal community structure among the three crops was greater than that between long-term continuous cropping and rotation cropping.Mortierella,Guehomyces and Alternaria were the most important contributors to the dissimilarity of the fungal communities between the continuous cropping and rotation cropping of soybean,maize and wheat.There were 11 potential pathogen and 11 potential biocontrol fungi identified,and the relative abundance of most of the potential pathogenic fungi increased during the long-term continuous cropping of all three crops.The relative abundance of most biocontrol fungi increased in long-term continuous soybean cropping but decreased in long-term continuous maize and wheat cropping.Our results indicate that the response of the soil fungal community structure to long-term continuous cropping varies based upon crop types.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:31971527,32001126)Heilongjiang Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Guidance Projects(grant number:GZ20210009)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(grant number:TD2019C002).
文摘Human activities contribute to elevated nitrogen input in terrestrial ecosystems,influencing the composition of soil nutrients and microbial diversity in forest ecosystems.In this study,we built four addition treatments(0,20,40,and 80 kg ha^(−1)a^(−1)N for 6 a)at a Korean pine plantation of different soil horizons(organic(O)horizon,ranging from 0 to 10 cm,and organomineral(A)horizon,extending from 10 to 20 cm)to evaluate responses of the structure of saprophytic fungal communities.Here,80 kg ha^(−1)a^(−1)N treatment significantly decreased the community richness in soil A horizon with the Chao1 index decreasing by 12.68%.Nitrogen addition induced changes in the composition of saprophytic fungi community between the different soil horizons.The co-occurrence network and its associated topological structure were utilized to identify mycoindicators for specific fungi to both soil horizons and nitrogen addition levels.In soil O horizon,the mycoindicators included Penicillium,Trichoderma,Aspergillus,and Pseudeurotium across control,low,medium,and high nitrogen treatments.In soil A horizon,Geomyces,Cladophialophora,Penicillium,and Pseudeurotium were identified as mycoindicators.Structural equation modeling determined NH_(4)^(+)-N as the key factor driving changes in saprotrophic fungal communities.Our study aimed to screen mycoindicators that can respond to the increasing global nitrogen deposition and to assess the roles of these mycoindicators in the saprophytic fun-gal community structure within Korean pine plantations in northeast China.
文摘【Background】The application of beneficial-microbial seed soaking prior to sowing represents a novel technology that has not been employed in Lanzhou lily cultivation.We conducted an experiment to explore the impact of this soaking method on the fungal and bacterial community structures using next-generation sequencing technology(NGS).【Methods】Lily bulbs were soaked in a seed treating agent containing beneficial microbes(SP treatment)for 4 hours.Subsequently,they were planted in soil in July and sampled in September to assess plant growth,rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties,and microorganism community structures.In addition,we employed the software PICRUSt and FUNGuild to predict bacterial pathways and fungal functions.【Results】Under SP treatment,there were significant alterations in fungi and bacteria community structures,accompanied by improved soil nutrient status.Notably,the relative abundance of dominant microorganism groups,such as the fungi Basidiomycota,Pseudeurotium,Cladophialophora,Microascus,and Dactylonectria,as well as the bacteria Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Ochrobactrium,Lysobacter,and RB41,underwent notable changes.Microorganism function prediction results indicated a reduction in pathotrophic fungi(including plant pathogens)and an increase in endophytic and saprotrophic fungi under SP treatment.Among the top 20 metabolism pathways,80%were upregulated in SP treatment compared to the CK.【Conclusions】Seed soaking with beneficial microbial strain promotes the growth of Lanzhou lily bulbs.The beneficial microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating soil microbial structures,enhancing the accumulation of endophytic fungi,reducing the abundance of pathogens,and improving soil functions.Furthermore,specific microbial groups are found to be involved in maintaining soil health.
文摘In the first tier risk assessment（RA） of pesticides, risk for aquatic communities is estimated by using results from standard laboratory tests with algae, daphnids and fish for single pesticides such as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. However, fungi as key organisms for nutrient cycling in ecosystems as well as multiple pesticide applications are not considered in the RA. In this study, the effects of multiple low pesticide pulses using regulatory acceptable concentrations（RACs） on the dynamics of non-target aquatic fungi were investigated in a study using pond mesocosm. For that, fungi colonizing black alder（Alnus glutinosa） leaves were exposed to multiple, low pulses of 11 different pesticides over a period of 60 days using a real farmer＇s pesticide application protocol for apple cropping.Four pond mesocosms served as treatments and 4 as controls. The composition of fungal communities colonizing the litter material was analyzed using a molecular fingerprinting approach based on the terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism（t-RFLP） of the fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer（ITS） region of the ribonucleic acid（RNA） gene（s）. Our data indicated a clear fluctuation of fungal communities based on the degree of leaf litter degradation. However significant effects of the applied spraying sequence were not observed. Consequently also degradation rates of the litter material were not affected by the treatments. Our results indicate that the nutrient rich environment of the leaf litter material gave fungal communities the possibility to express genes that induce tolerance against the applied pesticides. Thus our data may not be transferred to other fresh water habitats with lower nutrient availability.
基金supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CAFYBB2019QB001,CAFYBB2020ZB001)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31870099)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26020102).
文摘Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved,indicating a tendency of closely related species to interact with similar partners.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi form obligate symbioses with the roots of most land plants.Local host preference is frequently reported as a factor in structuring AM fungal communities.There lacks study about whether AM fungi-host preference could structure AM fungal communities at the regional scales.Here,AM fungal communities of 296 root samples were revealed,encompassing 76 plant species from 29 plant families,which were sampled in steppe in the Xilingol Grassland in northern China.The relative importance of plant phylogeny,geographical distance,and environmental variables were characterized on phylogenetic turnover of AM fungal communities with GLMM-MCMC(the generalized linear mixed model using Markov chain Monte Carlo)and Mantel test approaches.Geographic distance appeared to be more important to the phylogenetic turnover of AM fungal communities than plant phylogeny and environmental variables,evidencing the role of dispersal limitation in shaping the root AM fungal communities.A great majority of phylogenetic beta diversity(betaNTI and betaNRI)is distributed between−2 and+2,which also suggested a random pattern of AM fungal communities.Here,empirical evidence supporting that dispersal limitation is the main determinant of AM fungal communities at the landscape scale is provided and it is suggested that AM fungal communities are mainly structured by stochastic events.
基金supported financially by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B110207001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41622106,41471257,31600082 and 41603074)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2018M640798 and 2019M652939).
文摘Little is known about the responses of soil fungal communities to revegetation of mine wastelands,representing a major gap in the knowledge needed to improve the performances of revegetation schemes for mine wastelands.To shed some light on this matter,we reestablished 4000 m^(2) of vegetation on an extremely acidic(pH 2.5)copper mine tailings pond and collected soil samples from three different types of habitats:amended layer of the reclaimed tailings(ALRT),unamended layer of the reclaimed tailings(ULRT),and unreclaimed tailings(UT).Soil fungal communities in the 120 samples collected in two consecutive years were characterized via high-throughput sequencing.The fungal diversities at ALRTand ULRT were found to be significantly higher than those at UT.Ascomycota whose relative abundance ranged from 74.5% to 98.4% was the most predominant phylum across all habitats,exhibiting the lowest predominance at ALRT.Two acidophilic fungal genera,Acidomyces and Acidiella,dominated UT with relative abundances being as high as 37.8% and 15.2%,respectively.In contrast,three genera with plant growth-promoting species(Talaromyces,Trichoderma and Penicillium)were abundant at ULRT and ALRT.Remarkably,their relative abundances at ULRTcould be up to 29.0%,26.9% and 9.7%,respectively.The three types of habitats differed considerably in the overall soil fungal community composition at species level,which became more pronounced as time progressed.The abovementioned differences between habitats in soil fungal community features were related to the reduced availability of soil copper and zinc.These results improved our understanding of fungal ecology of mine wastelands.
基金provided by Xilin Gol League Science and Technology Plan(202117).
文摘We investigated the structural changes in the microbial flora during the fermentation process(with primers added for fermentation)of Congee and its influence on the flavor compounds of Congee using high-throughput sequencing technology.W detected and analyzed the bacterial and fungal community dynamics.In addition,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,electronic nose technology,and electronic tongue technology were used to monitor the changes in the flavor compounds of Congee at different fermentation time points;the correlation between the two was analyzed.The Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed bacterial in Congee samples at different fermentation stages belonged mainly to genera Lactobacillus,Kosakonia,and Enterococcus.The major fungal genera were Yarrowia,Dipodascus,and Pichia.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)revealed that 90 volatile compounds were detected in the Congee samples during the fermentation process,among which ethyl acetate,eucalyptol,nonanal,heptyl ethyl acid,and acetic acid constituted important aroma compounds in Congee.In addition,16 amino acids were detected from the Congee samples.At 48 h of fermentation,the content of total amino acids increased to twice that at 0 h of fermentation;the contents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the highest.The electronic nose technology revealed that the W5S(nitrogen oxide),W1S(methyl)and W1W(sulfide sensitive)sensors showed a higher response to Congee samples.In terms of taste,the response signals of Congee,sweetness,and saltiness were the strongest.The covariance between microbial flora and flavor compounds was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation analysis.Ralstonia was significantly positive correlation with found with pyridine,butanoic acid,hexanoic acid,and D-limonene(p<0.05),and a significant negative correlation with hexadecanoic acid and ethyl ester(p<0.05).Bacillus exerted a significant positive correlation with heptanoic acid and ethyl ester(p<0.05).Yarrowia was positively correlated with compounds such as heptanoic acid,ethyl ester,ethyl 2-methyl butyrate(p<0.05)and negatively correlated with 2-Dece0l,(E)-,Hepta0l(p<0.05).Dipodascus was negatively correlated with compounds such as naphthalene,furan,2-pentyl-,butanedioic acid(p<0.05).In all,Ralstonia,Bacillus,Yarrowia,and Dipodascus exerted positive effects on the formation of the Congee flavor.
