Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment(svMCI)is a common prodromal stage of vascular dementia.Although mounting evidence has suggested abnormalities in several single brain network metrics,few studies have exp...Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment(svMCI)is a common prodromal stage of vascular dementia.Although mounting evidence has suggested abnormalities in several single brain network metrics,few studies have explored the consistency between functional and structural connectivity networks in svMCI.Here,we constructed such networks using resting-state f MRI for functional connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging for structural connectivity in 30 patients with svMCI and 30 normal controls.The functional networks were then parcellated into topological modules,corresponding to several well-defined functional domains.The coupling between the functional and structural networks was finally estimated and compared at the multiscale network level(whole brain and modular level).We found no significant intergroup differences in the functional–structural coupling within the whole brain;however,there was significantly increased functional–structural coupling within the dorsal attention module and decreased functional–structural coupling within the ventral attention module in the svMCI group.In addition,the svMCI patients demonstrated decreased intramodular connectivity strength in the visual,somatomotor,and dorsal attention modules as well as decreased intermodular connectivity strength between several modules in the functional network,mainly linking the visual,somatomotor,dorsal attention,ventral attention,and frontoparietal control modules.There was no significant correlation between the altered module-level functional–structural coupling and cognitive performance in patients with svMCI.These findings demonstrate for the first time that svMCI is reflected in a selective aberrant topological organization in multiscale brain networks and may improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying svMCI.展开更多
High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailo...High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.展开更多
Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional ...Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional perspective.In this study,the ecological structural disturbance index(SDI)and functional disturbance index(FDI)were introduced to quantitatively evaluate ecological disturbance caused by land use change in a typical karst area—Huangping County,Guizhou Province,China during 2009–2019.Results show that although the area of ecological land increased during past 10 yr,there had been a fragmentation trend of ecological land.Agricultural occupation was more severe than construction encroachment on ecological land.The grids with negative structural disturbance were consistent with areas of obvious dynamic loss and gain of ecological land.Ecological fragmentation had a greater impact than habitat gain in grids with negative structural disturbance.The ecosystem service functions of supply,adjustment,support,and culture were obviously affected by land use change,and the total FDI reflects the trade-off among them.Negative FDI values were easily observed in the rocky desertification area or water and soil loss area.The combination analysis of the SDI and FDI indicated the characteristic of codirectional ecologically structural and functional disturbance in the majority of grids.The findings improve our understanding of multiple relationships among ecological disturbances and provide valuable information for guiding land use activities.展开更多
Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychoso...Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoration of the injured spinal cord.展开更多
Macrocyclic hosts play a crucial role in supramolecular chemistry and the development of supramolecular functional materials.Their well-defined cavities and diverse host-vip interactions endow macrocycles with excel...Macrocyclic hosts play a crucial role in supramolecular chemistry and the development of supramolecular functional materials.Their well-defined cavities and diverse host-vip interactions endow macrocycles with excellent stimuli responsiveness,facilitating efficient assembly construction.However,the limited availability of functional groups in conventional macrocycles restricts their ability to meet the demand for fabricating materials with multiple functionalities.To address this limitation,several research groups have introduced tetraphenylethylene(TPE),a well-known building block renowned for its remarkable aggregation-induced emission(AIE)effect,into the macrocycle framework.Herein,this paper summarizes the combination strategies and synergistic approaches that achieve multi-functionality by integrating TPE and macrocyclic architectures.The emission characteristics of TPE-embedded macrocycles are elucidated,and it is anticipated that more AIE-type macrocycles with innovative backbones and broad applications will emerge.展开更多
Color as an indispensable element in our life brings vitality to us and enriches our lifestyles through decorations,indicators,and information carriers.Structural color offers an intriguing strategy to achieve novel f...Color as an indispensable element in our life brings vitality to us and enriches our lifestyles through decorations,indicators,and information carriers.Structural color offers an intriguing strategy to achieve novel functions and endows color with additional levels of significance in anti-counterfeiting,display,sensor,and printing.Furthermore,structural colors possess excellent properties,such as resistance to extreme external conditions,high brightness,saturation,and purity.Devices and platforms based on structural color have significantly changed our life and are becoming increasingly important.Here,we reviewed four typical applications of structural color and analyzed their advantages and shortcomings.First,a series of mechanisms and fabrication methods are briefly summarized and compared.Subsequently,recent progress of structural color and its applications were discussed in detail.For each application field,we classified them into several types in terms of their functions and properties.Finally,we analyzed recent emerging technologies and their potential for integration into structural color devices,as well as the corresponding challenges.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of planting duration(1,5,10 and 15 years)on soil properties,bacterial community diversity,and function in the rhizosphere of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.We employed Illumina highthroughpu...This study investigated the effects of planting duration(1,5,10 and 15 years)on soil properties,bacterial community diversity,and function in the rhizosphere of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.We employed Illumina highthroughput sequencing and PICRUSt2 functional prediction to analyze the structure and functional potential of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities.The Mantel test and redundancy analysis were used to identify physicochemical factors influencing bacterial community structure and function.The results indicated significant differences in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties across planting years:the content of organic matter,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil,as well as the activity of invertase,urease,and alkaline phosphatase initially increased and then decreased,while available potassium,Olsen-phosphorus content,and peroxidase activity continued to increase.However,bacterial alpha diversity(Chao1 and Shannon indices)and the number of amplicon sequence variants increased continuously with planting duration.Principal coordinate analysis and Adonis tests revealed that the planting year significantly influenced the bacterial community structure(p<0.05).The phyla Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi collectively constituted 56.7%to 71.2%of the relative abundance,representing the dominant taxa.PICRUSt2 predictions indicated key functional categories(cellular processes,metabolism,genetic information processing,and environmental information processing)each exceeding 10%relative abundance.BugBase analysis revealed a progressive increase in aerobic and oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria and a decrease in anaerobic and potentially pathogenic bacteria.Differential indicator species analysis identified Firmicutes,Planctomycetes,Methylomirabilota and Actinobacteriota as key discriminators for the 1-,5-,10-and 15-year stages,respectively.Organic matter,alkaline phosphatase,soil pH,and available phosphorus were the primary physicochemical drivers of bacterial communities.Notably,soil organic matter significantly influenced both the community structure(p<0.05)and predictedmetabolic functions(p<0.05).In conclusion,prolonged planting duration significantly enhanced rhizosphere microbial diversity and functional gene abundance in Z.bungeanumwhile driving the structural succession of bacterial communities dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteriota,and Chloroflexi.This ecological shift,characterized by increased aerobic/oxidative-stress taxa and decreased anaerobic/pathogenic bacteria,was primarily regulated by soil organic matter,a key driver shaping both community structure and metabolic functions,ultimately improving soil microecological health.展开更多
This study was carried out to assess plasticity to drought of 30 adult fig cultivars,based on a screening of leaf structural and functional traits under sustained deficit irrigation,corresponding to 60%of crop evapotr...This study was carried out to assess plasticity to drought of 30 adult fig cultivars,based on a screening of leaf structural and functional traits under sustained deficit irrigation,corresponding to 60%of crop evapotranspiration.All trees,three per cultivar,are planted in an ex-situ collection in Sais plain,northern Morocco.The measurements concerned leaf area,blade thickness,trichomes density,trichome hair length,stomatal density,stomatal dimensions,stomatal area index,chlorophyll concentration index,relative water content,stomatal conductance,leaf temperature,water loss in detached leaves,cuticular wax content,proline content,total phenolic compounds,and total soluble sugars.The ranking of cultivars regarding drought tolerance was established based on a two-level clustering approach,primarily relying on chlorophyll concentration index and secondarily on water status traits.Results showed significant genotypic variations for all measured traits,except phenolic compounds content.Correlations between structural and functional traits have pinpointed blade thickness and trichome hair length as the key indicators of fig drought tolerance,owing to their involvement in maintaining chlorophyll content under water stress conditions.The extent of the variations shows that fig leaf is endowed with a wide structural and functional diversity,which can give to the species potential for resilience to various environmental stresses,including drought.Among the cultivars assessed,two exotic varieties,“Kadota”and“Royal Blanck”,as well as four local cultivars,namely,“Ferqouch Jmel”,“El Qoti Labied”,“Hamra”and“Fassi”showed the highest drought plasticity level.展开更多
Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil con...Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil contamination.Understanding how microbial communities respond to varying pollution levels is critical for developing effective bioremediation strategies.This study examined how different concentrations of crude oil affect soil properties and microbial communities in Qingyang City,eastern Gansu Province,China by comparing lightly polluted(1895.84-2696.54 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)),heavily polluted(4964.25-7153.61 mg/kg TPH),and uncontaminated(CK)soils.Results revealed that petroleum contamination significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC),pH,C:N:P ratio,and the activities of dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),while reducing total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM),soil water content(SWC),the activities of urease(URE)and alkaline phosphatase(APA),and microbial alpha diversity(P<0.050).Light pollution(LP)soils demonstrated an increase in culturable microorganisms,whereas heavy pollution(HP)soils exhibited increased hydrocarbon-degrading microbes and higher expression of key functional genes,such as alkane monooxygenase(AlkB),cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases(P450),catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O),and naphthalene dioxygenase(Nah)(P<0.050).Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated evident variations in microbial community structure across different oil contamination levels.LP soils were dominated by bacterial genera Pseudoxanthomonas and Solimonadaceae,whereas Pseudomonas,Nocardioides,and hydrocarbon-degrading genera(Marinobacter,Idiomarina,and Halomonas)were predominant in HP soils.The fungal genus Pseudallescheria exhibited the most pronounced abundance shift between LP and HP soils(P<0.050).Environmental factor analysis identified AN,SWC,TN,SOM,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon index and Chao1 index)as the key differentiators of CK soils,whereas the pollutant levels and metal content were characterized in HP soils.Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance was a defining trait of HP soils.Metabolic pathway analysis revealed enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in HP soils,indicating microbial adaptation to severe contamination.These findings demonstrated that crude oil pollution suppressed soil nutrients while reshaping the structure and function of microbial communities.Pollution intensity directly affected microbial composition and degradation potential.This study offers valuable insights into microbial responses across contamination gradients and supports the development of targeted bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated loess soils.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease that evolves towards the deve-lopment of end-stage renal disease.The superimposition of renal impairment on a complex disease,namely human immunodeficiency vi...BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease that evolves towards the deve-lopment of end-stage renal disease.The superimposition of renal impairment on a complex disease,namely human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,will raise the burden of comorbidities and,predict worse outcomes in this group of the population.AIM To evaluate the structural and functional defects of kidney in patients with HIV infection.METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 227 patients with HIV infection.Participants were selected by simple random sampling method.Eligible participants included HIV infection-positive adults aged 18 years and above.Exclusion criteria en-compassed individuals with preexisting hypertension,diabetes mellitus,chronic kidney disease,chronic liver disease,and those receiving nephrotoxic drugs.Informed consent was obtained.Data collection involved recording medical histories,conducting clinical examinations,and performing baseline blood investigations and ultrasono-graphy to assess renal function and structural abnormalities.RESULTS The mean age of participants was 41 years.Females constituted 66.5%;78% were on Tenofovir-based regimen.The mean duration of HIV infection was 5 years;mean duration of antiretroviral therapy was 4 years.67.4% had a body mass index over 25.World Health Organization staging of HIV infection revealed that 41.9%were in stage 3,30%in stage 2.35.7% had cluster differentiation 4 counts<200.The mean creatinine was 1 mg/dL and mean urea was 25.1 mg/dL.54.6%had estimated glomerular filtration rate of<60.Enlarged kidneys in 39.2%and increased echogenicity in 82.8%of participants.A decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and an increase in kidney size was significantly associated with advancing HIV stages.CONCLUSION Both structural and functional kidney abnormalities are common in patients with HIV infection.These abnor-malities increase with disease progression,underscoring the need for regular and consistent renal monitoring.展开更多
Hydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering field.However,tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and hi...Hydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering field.However,tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and high mechanical properties.Inspired by Chinese ramen,we propose a universal fabricating method(printing-P,training-T,cross-linking-C,PTC&PCT)for tough hydrogel scaffolds to fill this gap.First,3D printing fabricates a hydrogel scaffold with desired structures(P).Then,the scaffold could have extraordinarily high mechanical properties and functional surface structure by cycle mechanical training with salting-out assistance(T).Finally,the training results are fixed by photo-cross-linking processing(C).The tough gelatin hydrogel scaffolds exhibit excellent tensile strength of 6.66 MPa(622-fold untreated)and have excellent biocompatibility.Furthermore,this scaffold possesses functional surface structures from nanometer to micron to millimeter,which can efficiently induce directional cell growth.Interestingly,this strategy can produce bionic human tissue with mechanical properties of 10 kPa-10 MPa by changing the type of salt,and many hydrogels,such as gelatin and silk,could be improved with PTC or PCT strategies.Animal experiments show that this scaffold can effectively promote the new generation of muscle fibers,blood vessels,and nerves within 4 weeks,prompting the rapid regeneration of large-volume muscle loss injuries.展开更多
The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-...The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.展开更多
Flexible multifunctional polymer-based electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composite films play a pivotal role in 5 G communication technology,smart wearables,automotive electronics,and aerospace.In this work,(...Flexible multifunctional polymer-based electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composite films play a pivotal role in 5 G communication technology,smart wearables,automotive electronics,and aerospace.In this work,(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene/cellulose nanofibers(CNF)-(hydroxy‑functionalized BNNS(BNNS-OH)/CNF)composite films(TBCF)with Janus structure are prepared via vacuum-assisted filtration of BNNS-OH/CNF and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/CNF suspension by one after another.Then ionic bonding-strengthened TBCF(ITBCF)is obtained by Ca^(2+)ion infiltration and cold-pressing technique.The Janus structure endows ITBCF with the unique“conductive on one side and insulating on the other”property.When the mass ratio of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) and BNNS is 1:1 and the total mass fraction is 70 wt.%,the electrical conductivity(σ)of the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/CNF side of ITBCF reaches 166.7 S/cm,while the surface resistivity of the BNNS-OH/CNF side is as high as 304 MΩ.After Ca^(2+)ion infiltration,the mechanical properties of ITBCF are significantly enhanced.The tensile strength and modulus of ITBCF are 73.5 MPa and 15.6 GPa,which are increased by 75.9%and 46.2%compared with those of TBCF,respectively.Moreover,ITBCF exhibits outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness(SE)of 57 dB and thermal conductivity(λ)of 9.49 W/(m K).In addition,ITBCF also presents excellent photothermal and photoelectric energy conversion performance.Under simulated solar irradiation with a power density of 120 mW/cm^(2),the surface stabilization temperature reaches up to 65.3°C and the maximum steady state voltage reaches up to 58.2 mV.展开更多
Mimicking the electric microenvironment of natural tissue is a promising strategy for developing biomedical implants. However, current research has not taken biomimetic electrical functional units into consideration w...Mimicking the electric microenvironment of natural tissue is a promising strategy for developing biomedical implants. However, current research has not taken biomimetic electrical functional units into consideration when designing biomedical implants. In this research, ordered structures with Schottky heterojunction functional unit (OSSH) were constructed on titanium implant surfaces for bone regeneration regulation. The Schottky heterojunction functional unit is composed of periodically distributed titanium microdomain and titanium oxide microdomain with different carrier densities and surface potentials. The OSSH regulates the M2-type polarization of macrophages to a regenerative immune response by activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal pathway and further promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This work provides fundamental insights into the biological effects driven by the Schottky heterojunction functional units that can electrically modulate osteogenesis.展开更多
Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and...Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.展开更多
Ganoderma polysaccharides(GPs),derived from various species of the Ganoderma genus,exhibit diverse bioactivities,including immune modulation,anti-tumor effects,and gut microbiota regulation.These properties position G...Ganoderma polysaccharides(GPs),derived from various species of the Ganoderma genus,exhibit diverse bioactivities,including immune modulation,anti-tumor effects,and gut microbiota regulation.These properties position GPs as dual-purpose agents for medicinal and functional food development.This review comprehensively explores the structural complexity of six key GPs and their specific mechanisms of action,such as TLR signaling in immune modulation,apoptosis pathways in anti-tumor activity,and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota.Additionally,the structure-activity relationships(SARs)of GPs are highlighted to elucidate their biological efficacy.Advances in green extraction techniques,including ultrasonic-assisted and enzymatic methods,are discussed for their roles in enhancing yield and aligning with sustainable production principles.Furthermore,the review addresses biotechnological innovations in polysaccharide biosynthesis,improving production efficiency and making large-scale production feasible.These insights,combined with ongoing research into their bioactivity,provide a solid foundation for developing health-promoting functional food products that incorporate GPs.Furthermore,future research directions are suggested to optimize biosynthesis pathways and fully harness the health benefits of these polysaccharides.展开更多
Fe-Mo functionally graded materials(FGMs)with different composition-change rates from 100%304 stainless steel to 100%Mo along the composition gradient direction were prepared by electron beam-directed energy depositio...Fe-Mo functionally graded materials(FGMs)with different composition-change rates from 100%304 stainless steel to 100%Mo along the composition gradient direction were prepared by electron beam-directed energy deposition(EB-DED)technique,including three samples with composition mutation of 100%,composition change rate of 10%and 30%.Results show that the composition-change rate significantly affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples.In the sample with abrupt change of composition,the sharp shift in composition between 304 stainless steel and Mo leads to a great difference in the microstructure and hardness near the interface between the two materials.With the increase in the number of gradient layers,the composition changes continuously along the direction of deposition height,and the microstructure morphology shows a smooth transition from 304 stainless steel to Mo,which is gradually transformed from columnar crystal to dendritic crystal.Elements Fe,Mo,and other major elements transform linearly along the gradient direction,with sufficient interlayer diffusion between the deposited layers,leading to good metallurgical bonding.The smaller the change in composition gradient,the greater the microhardness value along the deposition direction.When the composition gradient is 10%,the gradient layer exhibits higher hardness(940 HV)and excellent resistance to surface abrasion,and the overall compressive properties of the samples are better,with the compressive fracture stress in the top region reaching 750.05±14 MPa.展开更多
This review explores multi-directional functionally graded(MDFG)nanostructures,focusing on their material characteristics,modeling approaches,and mechanical behavior.It starts by classifying different types of functio...This review explores multi-directional functionally graded(MDFG)nanostructures,focusing on their material characteristics,modeling approaches,and mechanical behavior.It starts by classifying different types of functionally graded(FG)materials such as conventional,axial,bi-directional,and tri-directional,and the material distribution models like power-law,exponential,trigonometric,polynomial functions,etc.It also discusses the application of advanced size-dependent theories like Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity,nonlocal strain gradient,modified couple stress,and consistent couple stress theories,which are essential to predict the behavior of structures at small scales.The review covers the mechanical analysis of MDFG nanostructures in nanobeams,nanopipes,nanoplates,and nanoshells and their dynamic and static responses under different loading conditions.The effect of multi-directional material gradation on stiffness,stability and vibration is discussed.Moreover,the review highlights the need for more advanced analytical,semi-analytical,and numerical methods to solve the complex vibration problems ofMDFG nanostructures.It is evident that the continued development of these methods is crucial for the design,optimization,and real-world application of MDFG nanostructures in advanced engineering fields like aerospace,biomedicine,and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(MEMS/NEMS).This study is a reference for researchers and engineers working in the domain of MDFG nanostructures.展开更多
Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way t...Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way to accurately control the microscale engineered surface.In the last decade,many studies have been conducted to design and optimize MRMFSs for diverse applications,and significant progress has been accomplished.This review comprehensively presents recent advancements and the potential prospects in MRMFSs.We first classify MRMFSs into one-dimensional linear array MRMFSs,two-dimensional planar array MRMFSs,and dynamic self-assembly MRMFSs based on their morphology.Subsequently,an overview of three deformation mechanisms,including magnetically actuated bending deformation,magnetically driven rotational deformation,and magnetically induced self-assembly deformation,are provided.Four main fabrication strategies employed to create MRMFSs are summarized,including replica molding,magnetization-induced self-assembly,laser cutting,and ferrofluid-infused method.Furthermore,the applications of MRMFS in droplet manipulation,solid transport,information encryption,light manipulation,triboelectric nanogenerators,and soft robotics are presented.Finally,the challenges that limit the practical applications of MRMFSs are discussed,and the future development of MRMFSs is proposed.展开更多
Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely u...Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neuro biological markers after mild traumatic brain injury.This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury.G raph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function.However,most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations,with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity.Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encounte red in clinical practice,further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical.In the present study,we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.In this longitudinal study,we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 wee ks of injury,as well as 36 healthy controls.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis.In the acute phase,patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network.More than 3 months of followup data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity,as well as cognitive function,in 22 out of the 46 patients.Furthermore,better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks.Finally,our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal changes in connectivity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.These findings highlight the importance of integrating structural and functional connectivity in unde rstanding the occurrence and evolution of mild traumatic brain injury.Additionally,exploratory analysis based on subnetworks could serve a predictive function in the prognosis of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(18JCQNJC10900)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(17JCZDJC36300)。
文摘Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment(svMCI)is a common prodromal stage of vascular dementia.Although mounting evidence has suggested abnormalities in several single brain network metrics,few studies have explored the consistency between functional and structural connectivity networks in svMCI.Here,we constructed such networks using resting-state f MRI for functional connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging for structural connectivity in 30 patients with svMCI and 30 normal controls.The functional networks were then parcellated into topological modules,corresponding to several well-defined functional domains.The coupling between the functional and structural networks was finally estimated and compared at the multiscale network level(whole brain and modular level).We found no significant intergroup differences in the functional–structural coupling within the whole brain;however,there was significantly increased functional–structural coupling within the dorsal attention module and decreased functional–structural coupling within the ventral attention module in the svMCI group.In addition,the svMCI patients demonstrated decreased intramodular connectivity strength in the visual,somatomotor,and dorsal attention modules as well as decreased intermodular connectivity strength between several modules in the functional network,mainly linking the visual,somatomotor,dorsal attention,ventral attention,and frontoparietal control modules.There was no significant correlation between the altered module-level functional–structural coupling and cognitive performance in patients with svMCI.These findings demonstrate for the first time that svMCI is reflected in a selective aberrant topological organization in multiscale brain networks and may improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying svMCI.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(2022A1515140061,No.11000-2344014)Startup Foundation for Postdoctor by Dongguan University of Technology(No.11000-221110149)the High-level Talents Program(contract number 2023JC10L014)of the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province。
文摘High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41661088,32101593,42361028)Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Zhongyindi[2023]005)+1 种基金2024 Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(No.24RWZX007)Graduate Research Fund Project of Guizhou Province(No.2024YJSKYJJ153)。
文摘Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional perspective.In this study,the ecological structural disturbance index(SDI)and functional disturbance index(FDI)were introduced to quantitatively evaluate ecological disturbance caused by land use change in a typical karst area—Huangping County,Guizhou Province,China during 2009–2019.Results show that although the area of ecological land increased during past 10 yr,there had been a fragmentation trend of ecological land.Agricultural occupation was more severe than construction encroachment on ecological land.The grids with negative structural disturbance were consistent with areas of obvious dynamic loss and gain of ecological land.Ecological fragmentation had a greater impact than habitat gain in grids with negative structural disturbance.The ecosystem service functions of supply,adjustment,support,and culture were obviously affected by land use change,and the total FDI reflects the trade-off among them.Negative FDI values were easily observed in the rocky desertification area or water and soil loss area.The combination analysis of the SDI and FDI indicated the characteristic of codirectional ecologically structural and functional disturbance in the majority of grids.The findings improve our understanding of multiple relationships among ecological disturbances and provide valuable information for guiding land use activities.
文摘Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoration of the injured spinal cord.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271154)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240078).
文摘Macrocyclic hosts play a crucial role in supramolecular chemistry and the development of supramolecular functional materials.Their well-defined cavities and diverse host-vip interactions endow macrocycles with excellent stimuli responsiveness,facilitating efficient assembly construction.However,the limited availability of functional groups in conventional macrocycles restricts their ability to meet the demand for fabricating materials with multiple functionalities.To address this limitation,several research groups have introduced tetraphenylethylene(TPE),a well-known building block renowned for its remarkable aggregation-induced emission(AIE)effect,into the macrocycle framework.Herein,this paper summarizes the combination strategies and synergistic approaches that achieve multi-functionality by integrating TPE and macrocyclic architectures.The emission characteristics of TPE-embedded macrocycles are elucidated,and it is anticipated that more AIE-type macrocycles with innovative backbones and broad applications will emerge.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024JC-YBMS-291)Special Support Program for High-level Talents of Shaanxi Province(No.2020-44)。
文摘Color as an indispensable element in our life brings vitality to us and enriches our lifestyles through decorations,indicators,and information carriers.Structural color offers an intriguing strategy to achieve novel functions and endows color with additional levels of significance in anti-counterfeiting,display,sensor,and printing.Furthermore,structural colors possess excellent properties,such as resistance to extreme external conditions,high brightness,saturation,and purity.Devices and platforms based on structural color have significantly changed our life and are becoming increasingly important.Here,we reviewed four typical applications of structural color and analyzed their advantages and shortcomings.First,a series of mechanisms and fabrication methods are briefly summarized and compared.Subsequently,recent progress of structural color and its applications were discussed in detail.For each application field,we classified them into several types in terms of their functions and properties.Finally,we analyzed recent emerging technologies and their potential for integration into structural color devices,as well as the corresponding challenges.
基金supported by Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Innovation Project(LCKJCX2022001)from Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Gansu Province’s.
文摘This study investigated the effects of planting duration(1,5,10 and 15 years)on soil properties,bacterial community diversity,and function in the rhizosphere of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.We employed Illumina highthroughput sequencing and PICRUSt2 functional prediction to analyze the structure and functional potential of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities.The Mantel test and redundancy analysis were used to identify physicochemical factors influencing bacterial community structure and function.The results indicated significant differences in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties across planting years:the content of organic matter,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil,as well as the activity of invertase,urease,and alkaline phosphatase initially increased and then decreased,while available potassium,Olsen-phosphorus content,and peroxidase activity continued to increase.However,bacterial alpha diversity(Chao1 and Shannon indices)and the number of amplicon sequence variants increased continuously with planting duration.Principal coordinate analysis and Adonis tests revealed that the planting year significantly influenced the bacterial community structure(p<0.05).The phyla Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi collectively constituted 56.7%to 71.2%of the relative abundance,representing the dominant taxa.PICRUSt2 predictions indicated key functional categories(cellular processes,metabolism,genetic information processing,and environmental information processing)each exceeding 10%relative abundance.BugBase analysis revealed a progressive increase in aerobic and oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria and a decrease in anaerobic and potentially pathogenic bacteria.Differential indicator species analysis identified Firmicutes,Planctomycetes,Methylomirabilota and Actinobacteriota as key discriminators for the 1-,5-,10-and 15-year stages,respectively.Organic matter,alkaline phosphatase,soil pH,and available phosphorus were the primary physicochemical drivers of bacterial communities.Notably,soil organic matter significantly influenced both the community structure(p<0.05)and predictedmetabolic functions(p<0.05).In conclusion,prolonged planting duration significantly enhanced rhizosphere microbial diversity and functional gene abundance in Z.bungeanumwhile driving the structural succession of bacterial communities dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteriota,and Chloroflexi.This ecological shift,characterized by increased aerobic/oxidative-stress taxa and decreased anaerobic/pathogenic bacteria,was primarily regulated by soil organic matter,a key driver shaping both community structure and metabolic functions,ultimately improving soil microecological health.
文摘This study was carried out to assess plasticity to drought of 30 adult fig cultivars,based on a screening of leaf structural and functional traits under sustained deficit irrigation,corresponding to 60%of crop evapotranspiration.All trees,three per cultivar,are planted in an ex-situ collection in Sais plain,northern Morocco.The measurements concerned leaf area,blade thickness,trichomes density,trichome hair length,stomatal density,stomatal dimensions,stomatal area index,chlorophyll concentration index,relative water content,stomatal conductance,leaf temperature,water loss in detached leaves,cuticular wax content,proline content,total phenolic compounds,and total soluble sugars.The ranking of cultivars regarding drought tolerance was established based on a two-level clustering approach,primarily relying on chlorophyll concentration index and secondarily on water status traits.Results showed significant genotypic variations for all measured traits,except phenolic compounds content.Correlations between structural and functional traits have pinpointed blade thickness and trichome hair length as the key indicators of fig drought tolerance,owing to their involvement in maintaining chlorophyll content under water stress conditions.The extent of the variations shows that fig leaf is endowed with a wide structural and functional diversity,which can give to the species potential for resilience to various environmental stresses,including drought.Among the cultivars assessed,two exotic varieties,“Kadota”and“Royal Blanck”,as well as four local cultivars,namely,“Ferqouch Jmel”,“El Qoti Labied”,“Hamra”and“Fassi”showed the highest drought plasticity level.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRM0752,22JR5RA345,21JR1RM333)the Project of Science and Technology Specialist in Gansu Province(24CXGM002)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860148)the Research Fund Project for PhD of Longdong University(XYBYZK2208)the Natural Science Foundation of Longdong University(HXZK2488).
文摘Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil contamination.Understanding how microbial communities respond to varying pollution levels is critical for developing effective bioremediation strategies.This study examined how different concentrations of crude oil affect soil properties and microbial communities in Qingyang City,eastern Gansu Province,China by comparing lightly polluted(1895.84-2696.54 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)),heavily polluted(4964.25-7153.61 mg/kg TPH),and uncontaminated(CK)soils.Results revealed that petroleum contamination significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC),pH,C:N:P ratio,and the activities of dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),while reducing total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM),soil water content(SWC),the activities of urease(URE)and alkaline phosphatase(APA),and microbial alpha diversity(P<0.050).Light pollution(LP)soils demonstrated an increase in culturable microorganisms,whereas heavy pollution(HP)soils exhibited increased hydrocarbon-degrading microbes and higher expression of key functional genes,such as alkane monooxygenase(AlkB),cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases(P450),catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O),and naphthalene dioxygenase(Nah)(P<0.050).Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated evident variations in microbial community structure across different oil contamination levels.LP soils were dominated by bacterial genera Pseudoxanthomonas and Solimonadaceae,whereas Pseudomonas,Nocardioides,and hydrocarbon-degrading genera(Marinobacter,Idiomarina,and Halomonas)were predominant in HP soils.The fungal genus Pseudallescheria exhibited the most pronounced abundance shift between LP and HP soils(P<0.050).Environmental factor analysis identified AN,SWC,TN,SOM,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon index and Chao1 index)as the key differentiators of CK soils,whereas the pollutant levels and metal content were characterized in HP soils.Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance was a defining trait of HP soils.Metabolic pathway analysis revealed enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in HP soils,indicating microbial adaptation to severe contamination.These findings demonstrated that crude oil pollution suppressed soil nutrients while reshaping the structure and function of microbial communities.Pollution intensity directly affected microbial composition and degradation potential.This study offers valuable insights into microbial responses across contamination gradients and supports the development of targeted bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated loess soils.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease that evolves towards the deve-lopment of end-stage renal disease.The superimposition of renal impairment on a complex disease,namely human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,will raise the burden of comorbidities and,predict worse outcomes in this group of the population.AIM To evaluate the structural and functional defects of kidney in patients with HIV infection.METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 227 patients with HIV infection.Participants were selected by simple random sampling method.Eligible participants included HIV infection-positive adults aged 18 years and above.Exclusion criteria en-compassed individuals with preexisting hypertension,diabetes mellitus,chronic kidney disease,chronic liver disease,and those receiving nephrotoxic drugs.Informed consent was obtained.Data collection involved recording medical histories,conducting clinical examinations,and performing baseline blood investigations and ultrasono-graphy to assess renal function and structural abnormalities.RESULTS The mean age of participants was 41 years.Females constituted 66.5%;78% were on Tenofovir-based regimen.The mean duration of HIV infection was 5 years;mean duration of antiretroviral therapy was 4 years.67.4% had a body mass index over 25.World Health Organization staging of HIV infection revealed that 41.9%were in stage 3,30%in stage 2.35.7% had cluster differentiation 4 counts<200.The mean creatinine was 1 mg/dL and mean urea was 25.1 mg/dL.54.6%had estimated glomerular filtration rate of<60.Enlarged kidneys in 39.2%and increased echogenicity in 82.8%of participants.A decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and an increase in kidney size was significantly associated with advancing HIV stages.CONCLUSION Both structural and functional kidney abnormalities are common in patients with HIV infection.These abnor-malities increase with disease progression,underscoring the need for regular and consistent renal monitoring.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2121004)Key Programme(52235007)National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China(52325504).
文摘Hydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering field.However,tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and high mechanical properties.Inspired by Chinese ramen,we propose a universal fabricating method(printing-P,training-T,cross-linking-C,PTC&PCT)for tough hydrogel scaffolds to fill this gap.First,3D printing fabricates a hydrogel scaffold with desired structures(P).Then,the scaffold could have extraordinarily high mechanical properties and functional surface structure by cycle mechanical training with salting-out assistance(T).Finally,the training results are fixed by photo-cross-linking processing(C).The tough gelatin hydrogel scaffolds exhibit excellent tensile strength of 6.66 MPa(622-fold untreated)and have excellent biocompatibility.Furthermore,this scaffold possesses functional surface structures from nanometer to micron to millimeter,which can efficiently induce directional cell growth.Interestingly,this strategy can produce bionic human tissue with mechanical properties of 10 kPa-10 MPa by changing the type of salt,and many hydrogels,such as gelatin and silk,could be improved with PTC or PCT strategies.Animal experiments show that this scaffold can effectively promote the new generation of muscle fibers,blood vessels,and nerves within 4 weeks,prompting the rapid regeneration of large-volume muscle loss injuries.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5210125 and 52375422)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2023058)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2020208069,B2020208083 and E202320801).
文摘The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52303090,52403132,52403112,52473083)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-QN-0168,2024JC-TBZC-04)+6 种基金the Innovation Capability Support Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2024ZC-KJXX-022)the Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(No.2023-YBGY-461)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(No.2024RS-CXTD-57)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.2023NSCQ-MSX2547)the Youth Talent Promotion Project of Shaanxi Science and Technology Association(No.20240426)The Special Scientific Research Plan of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(No.23JK0376)the authors would also like to thank Shiyaniia lab for the sup-port of SEM and XPS tests.
文摘Flexible multifunctional polymer-based electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composite films play a pivotal role in 5 G communication technology,smart wearables,automotive electronics,and aerospace.In this work,(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene/cellulose nanofibers(CNF)-(hydroxy‑functionalized BNNS(BNNS-OH)/CNF)composite films(TBCF)with Janus structure are prepared via vacuum-assisted filtration of BNNS-OH/CNF and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/CNF suspension by one after another.Then ionic bonding-strengthened TBCF(ITBCF)is obtained by Ca^(2+)ion infiltration and cold-pressing technique.The Janus structure endows ITBCF with the unique“conductive on one side and insulating on the other”property.When the mass ratio of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) and BNNS is 1:1 and the total mass fraction is 70 wt.%,the electrical conductivity(σ)of the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/CNF side of ITBCF reaches 166.7 S/cm,while the surface resistivity of the BNNS-OH/CNF side is as high as 304 MΩ.After Ca^(2+)ion infiltration,the mechanical properties of ITBCF are significantly enhanced.The tensile strength and modulus of ITBCF are 73.5 MPa and 15.6 GPa,which are increased by 75.9%and 46.2%compared with those of TBCF,respectively.Moreover,ITBCF exhibits outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness(SE)of 57 dB and thermal conductivity(λ)of 9.49 W/(m K).In addition,ITBCF also presents excellent photothermal and photoelectric energy conversion performance.Under simulated solar irradiation with a power density of 120 mW/cm^(2),the surface stabilization temperature reaches up to 65.3°C and the maximum steady state voltage reaches up to 58.2 mV.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072127,52201297,U21A2055,and U22A20160)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M711200)the Royal Society(No.IEC/NSFC/191344)(UK).
文摘Mimicking the electric microenvironment of natural tissue is a promising strategy for developing biomedical implants. However, current research has not taken biomimetic electrical functional units into consideration when designing biomedical implants. In this research, ordered structures with Schottky heterojunction functional unit (OSSH) were constructed on titanium implant surfaces for bone regeneration regulation. The Schottky heterojunction functional unit is composed of periodically distributed titanium microdomain and titanium oxide microdomain with different carrier densities and surface potentials. The OSSH regulates the M2-type polarization of macrophages to a regenerative immune response by activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal pathway and further promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This work provides fundamental insights into the biological effects driven by the Schottky heterojunction functional units that can electrically modulate osteogenesis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201491)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-1101-02”.
文摘Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82373762,31872675)Major Special Programe of science and technology of Yunnan(202402AA310032,202305AH340005)+1 种基金the Cooperation Project with DR PLANT Company(2023)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(Nos.P2020-KF02,P2022-KF10).
文摘Ganoderma polysaccharides(GPs),derived from various species of the Ganoderma genus,exhibit diverse bioactivities,including immune modulation,anti-tumor effects,and gut microbiota regulation.These properties position GPs as dual-purpose agents for medicinal and functional food development.This review comprehensively explores the structural complexity of six key GPs and their specific mechanisms of action,such as TLR signaling in immune modulation,apoptosis pathways in anti-tumor activity,and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota.Additionally,the structure-activity relationships(SARs)of GPs are highlighted to elucidate their biological efficacy.Advances in green extraction techniques,including ultrasonic-assisted and enzymatic methods,are discussed for their roles in enhancing yield and aligning with sustainable production principles.Furthermore,the review addresses biotechnological innovations in polysaccharide biosynthesis,improving production efficiency and making large-scale production feasible.These insights,combined with ongoing research into their bioactivity,provide a solid foundation for developing health-promoting functional food products that incorporate GPs.Furthermore,future research directions are suggested to optimize biosynthesis pathways and fully harness the health benefits of these polysaccharides.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51975286)。
文摘Fe-Mo functionally graded materials(FGMs)with different composition-change rates from 100%304 stainless steel to 100%Mo along the composition gradient direction were prepared by electron beam-directed energy deposition(EB-DED)technique,including three samples with composition mutation of 100%,composition change rate of 10%and 30%.Results show that the composition-change rate significantly affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples.In the sample with abrupt change of composition,the sharp shift in composition between 304 stainless steel and Mo leads to a great difference in the microstructure and hardness near the interface between the two materials.With the increase in the number of gradient layers,the composition changes continuously along the direction of deposition height,and the microstructure morphology shows a smooth transition from 304 stainless steel to Mo,which is gradually transformed from columnar crystal to dendritic crystal.Elements Fe,Mo,and other major elements transform linearly along the gradient direction,with sufficient interlayer diffusion between the deposited layers,leading to good metallurgical bonding.The smaller the change in composition gradient,the greater the microhardness value along the deposition direction.When the composition gradient is 10%,the gradient layer exhibits higher hardness(940 HV)and excellent resistance to surface abrasion,and the overall compressive properties of the samples are better,with the compressive fracture stress in the top region reaching 750.05±14 MPa.
文摘This review explores multi-directional functionally graded(MDFG)nanostructures,focusing on their material characteristics,modeling approaches,and mechanical behavior.It starts by classifying different types of functionally graded(FG)materials such as conventional,axial,bi-directional,and tri-directional,and the material distribution models like power-law,exponential,trigonometric,polynomial functions,etc.It also discusses the application of advanced size-dependent theories like Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity,nonlocal strain gradient,modified couple stress,and consistent couple stress theories,which are essential to predict the behavior of structures at small scales.The review covers the mechanical analysis of MDFG nanostructures in nanobeams,nanopipes,nanoplates,and nanoshells and their dynamic and static responses under different loading conditions.The effect of multi-directional material gradation on stiffness,stability and vibration is discussed.Moreover,the review highlights the need for more advanced analytical,semi-analytical,and numerical methods to solve the complex vibration problems ofMDFG nanostructures.It is evident that the continued development of these methods is crucial for the design,optimization,and real-world application of MDFG nanostructures in advanced engineering fields like aerospace,biomedicine,and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(MEMS/NEMS).This study is a reference for researchers and engineers working in the domain of MDFG nanostructures.
基金financially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(Project Nos.JCYJ20220818102201003,JCYJ20220818100001002)the Shenzhen Sustainable Development Special Project(Project No.KCXFZ20230731094500001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.51975597,52175446)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Project No.2022B1515020011)。
文摘Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way to accurately control the microscale engineered surface.In the last decade,many studies have been conducted to design and optimize MRMFSs for diverse applications,and significant progress has been accomplished.This review comprehensively presents recent advancements and the potential prospects in MRMFSs.We first classify MRMFSs into one-dimensional linear array MRMFSs,two-dimensional planar array MRMFSs,and dynamic self-assembly MRMFSs based on their morphology.Subsequently,an overview of three deformation mechanisms,including magnetically actuated bending deformation,magnetically driven rotational deformation,and magnetically induced self-assembly deformation,are provided.Four main fabrication strategies employed to create MRMFSs are summarized,including replica molding,magnetization-induced self-assembly,laser cutting,and ferrofluid-infused method.Furthermore,the applications of MRMFS in droplet manipulation,solid transport,information encryption,light manipulation,triboelectric nanogenerators,and soft robotics are presented.Finally,the challenges that limit the practical applications of MRMFSs are discussed,and the future development of MRMFSs is proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81671671(to JL),61971451(to JL),U22A2034(to XK),62177047(to XK)the National Defense Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Major Project of Central South University,No.2021gfcx05(to JL)+6 种基金Clinical Research Cen terfor Medical Imaging of Hunan Province,No.2020SK4001(to JL)Key Emergency Project of Pneumonia Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Infection of Hu nan Province,No.2020SK3006(to JL)Innovative Special Construction Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2019SK2131(to JL)the Science and Technology lnnovation Program of Hunan Province,Nos.2021RC4016(to JL),2021SK53503(to ML)Scientific Research Program of Hunan Commission of Health,No.202209044797(to JL)Central South University Research Program of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,No.2023Q YJC020(to XK)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2022JJ30814(to ML)。
文摘Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neuro biological markers after mild traumatic brain injury.This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury.G raph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function.However,most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations,with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity.Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encounte red in clinical practice,further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical.In the present study,we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.In this longitudinal study,we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 wee ks of injury,as well as 36 healthy controls.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis.In the acute phase,patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network.More than 3 months of followup data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity,as well as cognitive function,in 22 out of the 46 patients.Furthermore,better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks.Finally,our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal changes in connectivity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.These findings highlight the importance of integrating structural and functional connectivity in unde rstanding the occurrence and evolution of mild traumatic brain injury.Additionally,exploratory analysis based on subnetworks could serve a predictive function in the prognosis of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
