Research on the carbon budget and zoning for carbon compensation in major functional zones(MFZs)is important for formulating strategies for low-carbon development for each functional zone,promoting the collaborative g...Research on the carbon budget and zoning for carbon compensation in major functional zones(MFZs)is important for formulating strategies for low-carbon development for each functional zone,promoting the collaborative governance of the regional ecological environment,and achieving high-quality development.Such work can also contribute to achieving peak emissions and carbon neutrality.This paper constructs a theoretical framework for the carbon budget and carbon compensation from the perspective of the MFZ,uses 157 county-level units of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration(BTHUA)as the study area,and introduces the concentration index,normalized revealed comparative advantage index,and Self Organizing Mapping-K-means(SOM-K-means)model to examine spatio-temporal variations in the carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning for the BTHUA from the perspective of MFZs.The authors propose a scheme for the spatial minimization of carbon emissions as oriented by low-carbon development.The results show that:(1)From 2000 to 2017,the carbon budget exhibited an upward trend of volatility,its centralization index was higher than the“warning line”of 0.4,and large regional differences in it were noted on the whole.(2)There were significant regional differences in the carbon budget,and carbon emissions exhibited a core-periphery spatial pattern,with a high-value center at Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan that gradually decreased as it moved outward.However,the spatial pattern of carbon absorption tended to be stable,showing an inverted“U-shaped”pattern.It was high in the east,north,and west,and was low in the middle and the south.(3)The carbon budget was consistent with the strategic positioning of the MFZ,and the optimized development zone and key development zone were the main pressure-bearing areas for carbon emissions,while the key ecological functional zone was the dominant zone of carbon absorption.The difference in the centralization index of carbon absorption among the functional zones was smaller than that in the centralization index of carbon emissions.(4)There were 53 payment areas,64 balanced areas,and 40 obtaining areas in the study area.Nine types of carbon compensation zones were finally formed in light of the strategic objectives of the MFZ,and directions and strategies for low-carbon development are proposed for each type.(5)It is important to strengthen research on the carbon balance and horizontal carbon compensation at a microscopic scale,enrich the theoretical framework of regional carbon compensation,integrate it into the carbon trading market,and explore diversified paths for achieving peak emissions and carbon neutrality.展开更多
To solve some unreasonable problems in the acceptance process of the delimitation project of grain production functional zones,the acceptance results of grain production functional zones in Fangzi District,Weifang Cit...To solve some unreasonable problems in the acceptance process of the delimitation project of grain production functional zones,the acceptance results of grain production functional zones in Fangzi District,Weifang City were elaborated from the aspects of the third party organization,inspectors,expert group,acceptance criteria,acceptance method,acceptance contents,etc.,and the overall performance of the project was reviewed.The problems that need to be rectified during the implementation of the project were put forward,and the irrationality of the acceptance and the places that need to be improved were pointed out,which would provide a better guiding value for the delimitation of grain production functional zone and the acceptance and performance evaluation of similar projects.展开更多
To adapt to national climate change strategies,understanding the thermal vulnerability of urban functional zones(UFZs)is critical for enhancing the livability and sustainable development of cities.We address the limit...To adapt to national climate change strategies,understanding the thermal vulnerability of urban functional zones(UFZs)is critical for enhancing the livability and sustainable development of cities.We address the limitations of existing thermal vulnerability assessments by incorporating human perception into the analysis.Specifically,we introduce the sky openness index to reflect human perception of the thermal environment and examine variations in thermal vulnerability across different UFZs.Using the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)-SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)model,we analyze the contributions of 2D and 3D urban form indicators to thermal vulnerability and link these contributions to the unique needs and vulnerability characteristics of UFZs of Foshan City,China in 2023.The results reveal that:1)high-value heat-fragile areas(1.74–2.00]constitute 10.42%of Foshan City;2)traffic zone and publiccommercial zone exhibit the highest levels of thermal vulnerability;and 3)building height and the normalized building index are the most influential factors,with contributions of|0.06|and|0.03|,respectively.We provide a scientific foundation for developing governance strategies to promote urban resilience.展开更多
Wetlands offer important ecological functions and values.Wetland functional zoning provides a reference and basis for sustainable fulfilment and management.In this study,two coastal urban agglomerations in South China...Wetlands offer important ecological functions and values.Wetland functional zoning provides a reference and basis for sustainable fulfilment and management.In this study,two coastal urban agglomerations in South China were taken as study areas,namely,the Guangxi Beibu Gulf(GBG)and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA).Based on multisource information data,a wetland functional zoning system was constructed with the four levels of zoning concept,zoning principle,zoning basis,and zoning scheme.The functional zoning and dynamic analysis of wetlands from 1990 to 2020 were carried out from multiple perspectives of wetland ecological functions,wetland management and conservation functions.The results showed that:1)in terms of wetland ecological functions,the two coastal urban agglomerations were dominated by hydrological regulation and purification of environmental functional areas.The coastal region was largely characterized by the main functional areas of climate regulation and biodiversity maintenance.2)Regarding wetland management and conservation functions,two coastal urban agglomerations exhibited similar trends in terms of the sizes of their conservation and buffer zones from 1990 to 2020.Prevention and control zones were mainly located in core cities in a concentrated manner.Conservation zones largely comprised mountainous woodlands and important wetlands.3)The two coastal urban agglomerations could be divided into 21 wetland functional zones.The central river area has remained the main prevention and control zone for many years.Regarding conservation zones,ecological protection and restoration should be the main focus.Regarding buffer zones,the construction of wetlands and surrounding complex systems should be strengthened or enhanced.Regarding prevention and control zones,activities that do not affect wetland functions should be allowed,provided that they comply with existing laws and regulations.This study could provide technical support and practical application guidance for wetland regulation and management.展开更多
Urban Functional Zones(UFZs)can be identified by measuring the spatiotemporal patterns of activities that occur within them.Geosocial media data possesses abundant spatial and temporal information for activity mining....Urban Functional Zones(UFZs)can be identified by measuring the spatiotemporal patterns of activities that occur within them.Geosocial media data possesses abundant spatial and temporal information for activity mining.Identifying UFZs from geosocial media data aids urban planning,infrastructure,resource allocation,and transportation modernization in the complex urban system.In this work,we proposed an integrated approach by combining the spatiotemporal clustering method with a machine learning classifier.The spatiotemporal clustering method was used to mine the spatiotemporal patterns of activities,of which the distinctive features were extracted as inputs into a machine learning classifier for UFZ identification.The results show that more than 80%of the UFZs can be correctly identified by our proposed method.It reveals that this work serves as a functional groundwork for future studies,facilitating the understanding of urban systems as well as promoting sustainable urban development.展开更多
Urban Functional Zone(UFZ)identification is vital for urban planning,renewal,and development.Point of Interest(POI),as one of the most popular data in UFZ studies,is transformed into a geo-corpus under specific sampli...Urban Functional Zone(UFZ)identification is vital for urban planning,renewal,and development.Point of Interest(POI),as one of the most popular data in UFZ studies,is transformed into a geo-corpus under specific sampling strategies,which can be used with Natural Language Processing(NLP)technology to extract geo-semantic features and identify UFZs.However,existing studies only capture a single spatial distribution pattern of POIs,while ignoring the other spatial distribution information.In this paper,we developed an integrated geo-corpus construction approach to capture multi-spatial distribution patterns of POIs that were represented by different modal POI embeddings.Subsequently,random forest model was leveraged to classify UFZs based on those embeddings.A set of combination experiments were designed for performance validation.The results show that our proposed method can effectively identify UFZs with an accuracy of 72.9%,with an improvement of 8.5%compared to the baseline methods.The outcome of this study will help urban planners to better understand UFZs through investigating the integrated spatial distribution patterns of POIs embedded in UFZs.展开更多
Emission trading is one of the most effectivealternatives to controlling water pollution.Water environmentalfunctional zone(WEFZ)is used to determine thewater quality standard and identify the zone boundary foreach ri...Emission trading is one of the most effectivealternatives to controlling water pollution.Water environmentalfunctional zone(WEFZ)is used to determine thewater quality standard and identify the zone boundary foreach river or reach.In this study,a new emission tradingscheme was addressed based on WEFZ,accounting forboth the temporal dimension and water quality control.Atemporal factor of emission trading was proposed based onvariations in the environmental capacity within a year bydividing the year into three periods,including high,normal,and low periods of environmental capacity.Duringeach period,emission trading was implemented exclusively.A water quality-control scheme was suggestedbased on the water quality requirement in the waterfunctional zone,in which the water quality at thedownstream boundary of the zone was required to meetthe water standard following auto-purification in thestream.Two methods of calculating water quality controlare addressed for point-source pollution and non-pointsourcepollution.The calculated temporal dimension andwater quality control were located in Dongxi River of theDaning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed.Thehigh period was during June,July,and August,the normalperiod was during April,May,September,and October,and the low period was during January,February,March,November,and December.The results from the waterquality calculation demonstrated that the discharge ofpoint-source and non-point-source pollutions led to anexcess of common contaminants at the downstreamboundary of WEFZ.The temporal and spatial factorsabove should be incorporated into the emission tradingscheme based on WEFZ.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the size of functional optical zone(FOZ)after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)versus femtosecond laser assisted excimer laser keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for myopia correction and potential as...AIM:To investigate the size of functional optical zone(FOZ)after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)versus femtosecond laser assisted excimer laser keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for myopia correction and potential associated factors for FOZ.METHODS:A total of 133 patients who received corneal refractive surgery in our hospital between November 2018 and July 2021 were retrospectively enrolled.There were 63 patients(123 eyes)in SMILE group and 70patients(139 eyes)in FS-LASIK group.The size of FOZ was measured using Pentacam 3-dementional anterior segment analyzer before and 3mo after surgery,so as to analyze postoperative achieved functional optical zone(AFOZ)and its contributing parameters.RESULTS:When planned functional optical zone(PFOZ)was 6.5 mm for both groups,AFOZ was 1.45±0.27 and 1.67±0.25 mm smaller than preoperative FOZ in SMILE group and FS-LASIK group 3mo after surgery.AFOZ in SMILE group was significantly larger than that in FS-LASIK group(P<0.001).Variation of FOZ was negatively correlated with preoperative spherical equivalent(SE)and positively correlated with variation of mean keratometry value(△Km),variation of spherical aberration(△SA),and variation of Q-value(△Q,all P<0.001)in both groups.Multiple variable linear regression equations were△FOZ=1.354-0.1×pre-SE+0.336×△Q+1.462×△SA in SMILE group and△FOZ=1.512+0.137×△Q+0.468×△SA in FS-LASIK group.CONCLUSION:AFOZ is significantly smaller than preoperative FOZ in both SMILE and FS-LASIK groups.With the same PFOZ,larger AFOZ is achieved in SMILE group than in FS-LASIK group.展开更多
The implementation of Ecological Function Protection Zone(EFPZ)policy is significant for the ecological restoration and conservation of soil and water in the territory space.This manuscript analyzed and quantified the...The implementation of Ecological Function Protection Zone(EFPZ)policy is significant for the ecological restoration and conservation of soil and water in the territory space.This manuscript analyzed and quantified the impact of EFPZ on the regional water conservation function,based on land use data from 2005,2008,2010,2015 and 2020,by conducting a counterfactual simulation along with the GeoSOS-FLUS model and the InVEST model.The results demonstrate that the delineation of EFPZ can significantly influence the water conservation.(1)From 2010 to 2020,as the EFPZ was implemented,the water conservation in the study area was increasing year by year,with a growth rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)∙a^(-1).On the other hand,the simulated water conservation capacity without the implementation of EFPZ decreased year by year,with a decrease rate of 0.01×10^(8) m^(3)∙a^(-1).(2)The EFPZ accounts for only 23%of the total area,but the contribution rate of water conservation reaches 80%.The actual values of water conservation and average water yield per unit pixel in the EFPZ show an increasing trend both internally and externally,while the counterfactual simulation values exhibit a decreasing trend.(3)The water conservation is much higher within the EFPZ than without EFPZ.The implementation of EFPZ has a significant effect on the improvement of the water conservation capacity in Maqu EFPZ and Yellow River Source EFPZ.The protection effectiveness should be enhanced in Qilian Mountain EFPZ and afforestation activities need to be carefully considered in Loess Plateau EFPZ.展开更多
Nanling National Nature Reserve is established on the basis of 5 provincial nature reserves, and the original functional zoning is maintained. This paper explored problems of the reserve in division range and function...Nanling National Nature Reserve is established on the basis of 5 provincial nature reserves, and the original functional zoning is maintained. This paper explored problems of the reserve in division range and functional zoning, and gavea pertinent adjustment scheme. The adjustment results are(1) cutting out the scattered areas in neighborhood, and fi lling in the internal split parts;(2) establishing corridors between the reserve and neighboring nature reserves;(3) redividing the functional zones.展开更多
Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article anal...Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article analyzes the problems of spatial planning and regional strategy caused by the wrongly-set primary goal of economic development; it states that the three-fold objective of competitiveness, sustainability, and welfare fairness shall be the principal for China to implement the spatial regulation in the new era; it discusses about theoretical thoughts and technology framework of conducting the ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ based on their different major functions that each region plays in urbanization and industrialization, ecological constructions, grain productions, and protection of natural and cultural heritages; it introduces the new concept of ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ that include the major functions category, the stereo regional equilibrium mode, the two-level zoning specification, and the territorial development intensity; it offers a zoning scheme that defines development-optimized and development-prioritized zones as regions with massive urbanization and industrialization, development-restricted zones as ecological constructing or grain producing regions, development-prohibited zones as natural and cultural heritage protecting regions; and finally it addresses the main obstacle for implementing ′Major Function Oriented Zone′, which is the institutional arrangement of the supreme goal of high GDP growth rate that is currently being implemented.展开更多
Impervious surface(IS) is often recognized as the indicator of urban environmental changes. Numerous research efforts have been devoted to studying its spatio-temporal dynamics and ecological effects, especially for t...Impervious surface(IS) is often recognized as the indicator of urban environmental changes. Numerous research efforts have been devoted to studying its spatio-temporal dynamics and ecological effects, especially for the IS in Beijing metropolitan region. However, most previous studies primarily considered the Beijing metropolitan region as a whole without considering the differences and heterogeneity among the function zones. In this study, the subpixel impervious surface results in Beijing within a time series(1991, 2001, 2005, 2011 and 2015) were extracted by means of the classification and regression tree(CART) model combined with change detection models. Then based on the method of standard deviation ellipse, Lorenz curve, contribution index(CI) and landscape metrics, the spatio-temporal dynamics and variations of IS(1991, 2001, 2011 and 2015) in different function zones and districts were analyzed. It is found that the total area of impervious surface in Beijing increased dramatically during the study period, increasing about 144.18%. The deflection angle of major axis of standard deviation ellipse decreased from 47.15° to 38.82°, indicating the major development axis in Beijing gradually moved from northeast-southwest to north-south. Moreover, the heterogeneity of impervious surface’s distribution among 16 districts weakened gradually, but the CI values and landscape metrics in four function zones differed greatly. The urban function extended zone(UFEZ), the main source of the growth of IS in Beijing, had the highest CI values. Its lowest CI value was 1.79 that is still much higher than the highest CI value in other function zones. The core function zone(CFZ), the traditional aggregation zone of impervious surface, had the highest contagion index(CONTAG) values, but it contributed less than UFEZ due to its small area. The CI value of the new urban developed zone(NUDZ) increased rapidly, and it increased from negative to positive and multiplied, becoming animportant contributor to the rise of urban impervious surface. However, the ecological conservation zone(ECZ) had a constant negative contribution all the time, and its CI value decreased gradually. Moreover, the landscape metrics and centroids of impervious surface in different density classes differed greatly. The high-density impervious surface had a more compact configuration and a greater impact on the eco-environment.展开更多
Functional zoning is an important mechanism for achieving national park planning and management objective.Better functional zoning is of great significance to the protection of ecosystem legitimacy and integrity,the a...Functional zoning is an important mechanism for achieving national park planning and management objective.Better functional zoning is of great significance to the protection of ecosystem legitimacy and integrity,the appropriate utilization of resources,community integration,and feasible management.In the present study,the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park is the research object.Based on the critical goal of ecological protection,the importance of ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivities were evaluated.The results showed that the ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivity of the whole region are high.Among them,lake,river and wetland as the most strictly protected ecosystems account for the highest proportion.Then this study divided the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park into five functional areas through grid calculations,spatial analysis and multifactor trade-off.The results indicated that the goal of functional zoning for national park is to maximize the overall utility of park protection value and its comprehensive functions based on its spatial units with different functions,management and control requirements.The zoning scheme addresses the lack of sustainable development in Qinghai Lake National Park due to ecological environmental changes and single-resource zoning with resource protection as the primary goal.This study can serve as a reference for spatial functional zoning methods of national land parks,nature reserves and other natural protected areas.展开更多
Urbanization significantly increases the risk of urban flooding. Therefore, quantitative study of urban rainfall-runoff processes can provide a scientific basis for urban planning and management. In this paper, the bu...Urbanization significantly increases the risk of urban flooding. Therefore, quantitative study of urban rainfall-runoff processes can provide a scientific basis for urban planning and management. In this paper, the built-up region within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing was selected as the study area. The details of land cover and urban function zones(UFZs) were identified using GIS and RS methods. On this basis, the SCS-CN model was adopted to analyze the rainfall-runoff risk characteristics of the study area. The results showed that:(1) UFZs within different levels of runoff risk varied under different rainfall conditions. The area ratio of the UFZs with high runoff risk increased from 18.90%(for rainfall return period of 1 a) to 54.74%(for period of 100 a). Specifically, urban commercial areas tended to have the highest runoff risk, while urban greening spaces had the lowest.(2) The spatial characteristics of the runoff risks showed an obvious circular distribution. Spatial cluster areas with high runoff risk were mainly concentrated in the center of the study area, while those with low runoff risk were mainly distributed between the fourth and fifth ring roads. The results indicated that the spatial clustering characteristic of urban runoff risk and runoff heterogeneity among different UFZs should be fully considered during urban rainwater management.展开更多
There are a lot of functions of marine resources. The various and competing conflicts between different users and different sectors in the use of marine resources will cause the disorderly development of marine resour...There are a lot of functions of marine resources. The various and competing conflicts between different users and different sectors in the use of marine resources will cause the disorderly development of marine resources, and even destroy the marine ecosystem. Marine functional zoning is an effective tool to solve the conflicts. However, there are some shortcomings in the current understanding on marine functional zoning and its practice. In this paper, a case study on the resource-oriented marine functional zoning of Xiangshan Port is introduced. By the principles of resource-oriented and public participation, Xiangshan Port is divided into seven zones, and the main function of the whole port and seven zones are determined by the environmental economics analysis. A case study of Xiamen is also introduced for how to integrate marine functional zoning into a coastal city conceptual planning. Under the conservation principle, resources-oriented principle and so on, the advantages and disadvantages of natural ecosystem, social ecosystem and economic ecosystem are holistically analyzed, the urban orientation of Xiamen is determined as a regional international tourism city, and the whole city is divided into five function zones according to its leading industry -tourism. Resource-oriented marine functional zoning has a long-term guidance for sustainable use of marine resources and development strategy of a coastal city. And environmental economics analysis is an effective tool for resource-orientation.展开更多
The territorial expansion of the economic zones along Tirana-Durres corridor,is considered as clear evidence of regional economic development.Since the first 10 years of 1990-2000,the need for a functional planning pr...The territorial expansion of the economic zones along Tirana-Durres corridor,is considered as clear evidence of regional economic development.Since the first 10 years of 1990-2000,the need for a functional planning process was clearly noted.In the early 2000’s,the linear planning on both sides of the highway,from KJ(Kamza Junction)to KT(Kashar Turn),was the real demonstration of that need.This article is a first effort towards an indirect analysis on spatial urban development processes of the last 20 years,indicated by development urban plans for Greater Tirana.This analysis concludes on the defects on integration of this area into the existing structure of Tirana,which are reflected in the new regulatory plans during 2012-2016.This article identifies the functional zoning phenomena,forms and rates of parcels occupation,analyzed through the land use indicators coverage.The urban analysis is focused also on identifying the achievements and failures on the design of spatial structures of social importance.This analysis intends to lead towards a more detailed study of the ways that enable the integration of this industrial area with the residential zone.It is considered as an attempt,which raises a number of issues,for helping the planners,architects and city administrators,involved in the planning and implementation of Partial Urban Plans.展开更多
The urban comprehensive park is the main body of the urban environment construction, and the plant landscape is the most important landscape element of the comprehensive park. It is helpful for the landscape design of...The urban comprehensive park is the main body of the urban environment construction, and the plant landscape is the most important landscape element of the comprehensive park. It is helpful for the landscape design of the comprehensive park to improve the environmental quality and the sustainable development of the city. Taking the ＂Nanjiang Park＂ in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou as the research object, the landscape design of plants was explored and analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the application forms of plant land- scapes in different functional zones in comprehensive parks. The specific forms of the garden elements had different needs of plant landscape construction. According to the results of case studies, it found that comprehensive parks could improve the functions, create the aesthetic sense, enhance the atmosphere and enhance the taste through plant landscape design. In addition, corresponding suggestions were put forward according to the current situation with the aim to provide references for the future plant landscape design related with garden greens.展开更多
Functional zones in cities constitute the most conspicuous components of newly developed urban areas, and have been a hot spot for domestic and foreign investors in China, which not only show the expanse of urban spac...Functional zones in cities constitute the most conspicuous components of newly developed urban areas, and have been a hot spot for domestic and foreign investors in China, which not only show the expanse of urban space accompanied by the shifts both in landscape (from rural to urban) and land use(from less extensive to extensive), but also display the transformation of regional ecological functions. By using the theories and methods of landscape ecology, the structure of landscapes and landscape ecological planning can be analyzed and evaluated for studying the urban functional zones' layout. In 1990, the Central Government of China declared to develop and open up Pudong New Area so as to promote economic development in Shanghai. Benefited from the advantages of Shanghai's location and economy, the government of Pudong New Area has successively built up 7 different functional zones over the past decade according to their functions and strategic goals. Based on the multi-spectral satellite imageries taken in 1990, 1997 and 2000, a landscape ecology analysis was carried out for Pudong New Area of Shanghai, supported by GIS technology. Green space (including croplands) and built-up areas are the major factors considered in developing urban landscape. This paper was mainly concerned with the different spatial patterns and dynamics of green space, built-up areas and new buildings in different functional zones, as influenced by different functional layouts and development strategies. The rapid urbanization in Pudong New Area resulted in a more homogeneous landscape. Agricultural landscape and suburban landscape were gradually replaced by urban landscape as the degree of urbanization increased. As a consequence of urbanization in Pudong, not only built-up patches, but also newly-built patches and green patches merged into one large patch, which should be attributed to the construction policy of extensive green space as the urban development process in Pudong New Area. The shape of green area of 7 functional zones became more and more regular because of the horticultural needs in Shanghai urban planning. Some suggestions were finally made for the study of future urban planning and layout.展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is a region with unique and distinctive natural landscapes and cultural charac-teristics and presents a useful case to improve understanding of sustainable development for regions with ex...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is a region with unique and distinctive natural landscapes and cultural charac-teristics and presents a useful case to improve understanding of sustainable development for regions with extreme environments and unique social backgrounds.Research has been conducted for small-scale regions,however there has been insufficient exploration of the problems and countermeasures for sustainable development in Tibet.This study analyzes different functional zones(urbanized zones,agricultural zones,pastoral zones and ecological se-curity zones)of the QTP.Then it develops a sustainable livelihood index(SLI)based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework resulting in three main findings.First,sustainable livelihoods vary greatly across functional zones.The SLI for farmers and herdsmen in the urbanized zones is the highest,with a value of 3.57,followed by the agricultural zones of 3.07.In comparison,the SLI values in the ecological security zones and pastoral zones are 2.92 and 2.85,respectively,indicating that the two zones present challenges for sustainable develop-ment in the QTP.Second,all counties had few natural,social or physical assets,indicating the need to expand assets to achieve sustainable livelihoods.Finally,urbanized and agricultural counties had more robust livelihood strategies than ecological and pastoral counties.In light of these results,strategic options have been formulated to promote sustainable development.These options include:accelerating construction of the third pole national park group;establishing a pattern of green mining;promoting the biological resources industry;and initiating a carbon trading market in the QTP.展开更多
The evaluation of marine function zoning （hereinafter referred to as MFZ） is an important part of MFZ. This paper studies the principles of MFZ evaluation and the evaluation procedures. It is proposed that three mai...The evaluation of marine function zoning （hereinafter referred to as MFZ） is an important part of MFZ. This paper studies the principles of MFZ evaluation and the evaluation procedures. It is proposed that three main aspects, including the evaluation of MFZ implementation situation, the evaluation of the performance effects and the evaluation of the changes of dependent conditions, are the top priorities in establishing an evaluation indicator system framework. The evaluation of MFZ implementation situation includes assessing the general situation of MFZ and the degree of implementation and public participation. The evaluation of the performance effects involves the assessments of the achievements and the existing problems in the rectification and standardization of utilizing the sea areas, protecting marine resources and environment, and promoting marine economic development. The evaluation of the changes of dependent conditions includes the assessments and measurements of the changes in the social and economic conditions, the use demands of marine industries, marine resource conditions and marine environmental conditions. This paper provides the means of integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches into the scientific and systematic evaluation on MFZ. The evaluation results can determine whether MFZ needs to be altered or not. The results also provide an important reference basis for determining whether a slight or great alteration is justified. To illustrate the utility of the MFZ evaluation indicator system, an evaluation example is given. Further studies are needed to make the evaluation of MFZ more scientific, reasonable, fair and effective.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42121001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130712)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42022007)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2018069)。
文摘Research on the carbon budget and zoning for carbon compensation in major functional zones(MFZs)is important for formulating strategies for low-carbon development for each functional zone,promoting the collaborative governance of the regional ecological environment,and achieving high-quality development.Such work can also contribute to achieving peak emissions and carbon neutrality.This paper constructs a theoretical framework for the carbon budget and carbon compensation from the perspective of the MFZ,uses 157 county-level units of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration(BTHUA)as the study area,and introduces the concentration index,normalized revealed comparative advantage index,and Self Organizing Mapping-K-means(SOM-K-means)model to examine spatio-temporal variations in the carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning for the BTHUA from the perspective of MFZs.The authors propose a scheme for the spatial minimization of carbon emissions as oriented by low-carbon development.The results show that:(1)From 2000 to 2017,the carbon budget exhibited an upward trend of volatility,its centralization index was higher than the“warning line”of 0.4,and large regional differences in it were noted on the whole.(2)There were significant regional differences in the carbon budget,and carbon emissions exhibited a core-periphery spatial pattern,with a high-value center at Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan that gradually decreased as it moved outward.However,the spatial pattern of carbon absorption tended to be stable,showing an inverted“U-shaped”pattern.It was high in the east,north,and west,and was low in the middle and the south.(3)The carbon budget was consistent with the strategic positioning of the MFZ,and the optimized development zone and key development zone were the main pressure-bearing areas for carbon emissions,while the key ecological functional zone was the dominant zone of carbon absorption.The difference in the centralization index of carbon absorption among the functional zones was smaller than that in the centralization index of carbon emissions.(4)There were 53 payment areas,64 balanced areas,and 40 obtaining areas in the study area.Nine types of carbon compensation zones were finally formed in light of the strategic objectives of the MFZ,and directions and strategies for low-carbon development are proposed for each type.(5)It is important to strengthen research on the carbon balance and horizontal carbon compensation at a microscopic scale,enrich the theoretical framework of regional carbon compensation,integrate it into the carbon trading market,and explore diversified paths for achieving peak emissions and carbon neutrality.
文摘To solve some unreasonable problems in the acceptance process of the delimitation project of grain production functional zones,the acceptance results of grain production functional zones in Fangzi District,Weifang City were elaborated from the aspects of the third party organization,inspectors,expert group,acceptance criteria,acceptance method,acceptance contents,etc.,and the overall performance of the project was reviewed.The problems that need to be rectified during the implementation of the project were put forward,and the irrationality of the acceptance and the places that need to be improved were pointed out,which would provide a better guiding value for the delimitation of grain production functional zone and the acceptance and performance evaluation of similar projects.
基金Under the auspices of Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2202024)Basic Scientific Research Project(Key Project)of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(No.LJ212410165084)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2111003,N2411001)。
文摘To adapt to national climate change strategies,understanding the thermal vulnerability of urban functional zones(UFZs)is critical for enhancing the livability and sustainable development of cities.We address the limitations of existing thermal vulnerability assessments by incorporating human perception into the analysis.Specifically,we introduce the sky openness index to reflect human perception of the thermal environment and examine variations in thermal vulnerability across different UFZs.Using the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)-SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)model,we analyze the contributions of 2D and 3D urban form indicators to thermal vulnerability and link these contributions to the unique needs and vulnerability characteristics of UFZs of Foshan City,China in 2023.The results reveal that:1)high-value heat-fragile areas(1.74–2.00]constitute 10.42%of Foshan City;2)traffic zone and publiccommercial zone exhibit the highest levels of thermal vulnerability;and 3)building height and the normalized building index are the most influential factors,with contributions of|0.06|and|0.03|,respectively.We provide a scientific foundation for developing governance strategies to promote urban resilience.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A2022,U1901219,42101369)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0807204)。
文摘Wetlands offer important ecological functions and values.Wetland functional zoning provides a reference and basis for sustainable fulfilment and management.In this study,two coastal urban agglomerations in South China were taken as study areas,namely,the Guangxi Beibu Gulf(GBG)and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA).Based on multisource information data,a wetland functional zoning system was constructed with the four levels of zoning concept,zoning principle,zoning basis,and zoning scheme.The functional zoning and dynamic analysis of wetlands from 1990 to 2020 were carried out from multiple perspectives of wetland ecological functions,wetland management and conservation functions.The results showed that:1)in terms of wetland ecological functions,the two coastal urban agglomerations were dominated by hydrological regulation and purification of environmental functional areas.The coastal region was largely characterized by the main functional areas of climate regulation and biodiversity maintenance.2)Regarding wetland management and conservation functions,two coastal urban agglomerations exhibited similar trends in terms of the sizes of their conservation and buffer zones from 1990 to 2020.Prevention and control zones were mainly located in core cities in a concentrated manner.Conservation zones largely comprised mountainous woodlands and important wetlands.3)The two coastal urban agglomerations could be divided into 21 wetland functional zones.The central river area has remained the main prevention and control zone for many years.Regarding conservation zones,ecological protection and restoration should be the main focus.Regarding buffer zones,the construction of wetlands and surrounding complex systems should be strengthened or enhanced.Regarding prevention and control zones,activities that do not affect wetland functions should be allowed,provided that they comply with existing laws and regulations.This study could provide technical support and practical application guidance for wetland regulation and management.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada[RGPIN-2017-05950]China Scholarship Council[03998521001]+1 种基金Beijing Categorized Development Quota Project[03082722002]Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Young Scholars’Research Ability Improvement Program[X21018]。
文摘Urban Functional Zones(UFZs)can be identified by measuring the spatiotemporal patterns of activities that occur within them.Geosocial media data possesses abundant spatial and temporal information for activity mining.Identifying UFZs from geosocial media data aids urban planning,infrastructure,resource allocation,and transportation modernization in the complex urban system.In this work,we proposed an integrated approach by combining the spatiotemporal clustering method with a machine learning classifier.The spatiotemporal clustering method was used to mine the spatiotemporal patterns of activities,of which the distinctive features were extracted as inputs into a machine learning classifier for UFZ identification.The results show that more than 80%of the UFZs can be correctly identified by our proposed method.It reveals that this work serves as a functional groundwork for future studies,facilitating the understanding of urban systems as well as promoting sustainable urban development.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council[03998521001]the Beijing Categorized Development Quota Project[03082722002]+2 种基金the Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Young Scholars’Research Ability Improvement Program[X21018]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[41930650]the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada[RGPIN-2017-05950].
文摘Urban Functional Zone(UFZ)identification is vital for urban planning,renewal,and development.Point of Interest(POI),as one of the most popular data in UFZ studies,is transformed into a geo-corpus under specific sampling strategies,which can be used with Natural Language Processing(NLP)technology to extract geo-semantic features and identify UFZs.However,existing studies only capture a single spatial distribution pattern of POIs,while ignoring the other spatial distribution information.In this paper,we developed an integrated geo-corpus construction approach to capture multi-spatial distribution patterns of POIs that were represented by different modal POI embeddings.Subsequently,random forest model was leveraged to classify UFZs based on those embeddings.A set of combination experiments were designed for performance validation.The results show that our proposed method can effectively identify UFZs with an accuracy of 72.9%,with an improvement of 8.5%compared to the baseline methods.The outcome of this study will help urban planners to better understand UFZs through investigating the integrated spatial distribution patterns of POIs embedded in UFZs.
基金This research was supported by the Nonprofit Environmental Protection Specific Project of China(No.200709024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40771193).
文摘Emission trading is one of the most effectivealternatives to controlling water pollution.Water environmentalfunctional zone(WEFZ)is used to determine thewater quality standard and identify the zone boundary foreach river or reach.In this study,a new emission tradingscheme was addressed based on WEFZ,accounting forboth the temporal dimension and water quality control.Atemporal factor of emission trading was proposed based onvariations in the environmental capacity within a year bydividing the year into three periods,including high,normal,and low periods of environmental capacity.Duringeach period,emission trading was implemented exclusively.A water quality-control scheme was suggestedbased on the water quality requirement in the waterfunctional zone,in which the water quality at thedownstream boundary of the zone was required to meetthe water standard following auto-purification in thestream.Two methods of calculating water quality controlare addressed for point-source pollution and non-pointsourcepollution.The calculated temporal dimension andwater quality control were located in Dongxi River of theDaning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed.Thehigh period was during June,July,and August,the normalperiod was during April,May,September,and October,and the low period was during January,February,March,November,and December.The results from the waterquality calculation demonstrated that the discharge ofpoint-source and non-point-source pollutions led to anexcess of common contaminants at the downstreamboundary of WEFZ.The temporal and spatial factorsabove should be incorporated into the emission tradingscheme based on WEFZ.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2022L201)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the size of functional optical zone(FOZ)after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)versus femtosecond laser assisted excimer laser keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for myopia correction and potential associated factors for FOZ.METHODS:A total of 133 patients who received corneal refractive surgery in our hospital between November 2018 and July 2021 were retrospectively enrolled.There were 63 patients(123 eyes)in SMILE group and 70patients(139 eyes)in FS-LASIK group.The size of FOZ was measured using Pentacam 3-dementional anterior segment analyzer before and 3mo after surgery,so as to analyze postoperative achieved functional optical zone(AFOZ)and its contributing parameters.RESULTS:When planned functional optical zone(PFOZ)was 6.5 mm for both groups,AFOZ was 1.45±0.27 and 1.67±0.25 mm smaller than preoperative FOZ in SMILE group and FS-LASIK group 3mo after surgery.AFOZ in SMILE group was significantly larger than that in FS-LASIK group(P<0.001).Variation of FOZ was negatively correlated with preoperative spherical equivalent(SE)and positively correlated with variation of mean keratometry value(△Km),variation of spherical aberration(△SA),and variation of Q-value(△Q,all P<0.001)in both groups.Multiple variable linear regression equations were△FOZ=1.354-0.1×pre-SE+0.336×△Q+1.462×△SA in SMILE group and△FOZ=1.512+0.137×△Q+0.468×△SA in FS-LASIK group.CONCLUSION:AFOZ is significantly smaller than preoperative FOZ in both SMILE and FS-LASIK groups.With the same PFOZ,larger AFOZ is achieved in SMILE group than in FS-LASIK group.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42161043)the improvement plan of scientific research ability in Northwest Normal University(NWNU-LKQN2020-16).
文摘The implementation of Ecological Function Protection Zone(EFPZ)policy is significant for the ecological restoration and conservation of soil and water in the territory space.This manuscript analyzed and quantified the impact of EFPZ on the regional water conservation function,based on land use data from 2005,2008,2010,2015 and 2020,by conducting a counterfactual simulation along with the GeoSOS-FLUS model and the InVEST model.The results demonstrate that the delineation of EFPZ can significantly influence the water conservation.(1)From 2010 to 2020,as the EFPZ was implemented,the water conservation in the study area was increasing year by year,with a growth rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)∙a^(-1).On the other hand,the simulated water conservation capacity without the implementation of EFPZ decreased year by year,with a decrease rate of 0.01×10^(8) m^(3)∙a^(-1).(2)The EFPZ accounts for only 23%of the total area,but the contribution rate of water conservation reaches 80%.The actual values of water conservation and average water yield per unit pixel in the EFPZ show an increasing trend both internally and externally,while the counterfactual simulation values exhibit a decreasing trend.(3)The water conservation is much higher within the EFPZ than without EFPZ.The implementation of EFPZ has a significant effect on the improvement of the water conservation capacity in Maqu EFPZ and Yellow River Source EFPZ.The protection effectiveness should be enhanced in Qilian Mountain EFPZ and afforestation activities need to be carefully considered in Loess Plateau EFPZ.
基金Sponsored by Digital Monitoring and Maintenance Platform Program of Nanling National Nature Reserve(GDHS13SGHG05025)
文摘Nanling National Nature Reserve is established on the basis of 5 provincial nature reserves, and the original functional zoning is maintained. This paper explored problems of the reserve in division range and functional zoning, and gavea pertinent adjustment scheme. The adjustment results are(1) cutting out the scattered areas in neighborhood, and fi lling in the internal split parts;(2) establishing corridors between the reserve and neighboring nature reserves;(3) redividing the functional zones.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830741)National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2008BAH31B01)
文摘Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article analyzes the problems of spatial planning and regional strategy caused by the wrongly-set primary goal of economic development; it states that the three-fold objective of competitiveness, sustainability, and welfare fairness shall be the principal for China to implement the spatial regulation in the new era; it discusses about theoretical thoughts and technology framework of conducting the ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ based on their different major functions that each region plays in urbanization and industrialization, ecological constructions, grain productions, and protection of natural and cultural heritages; it introduces the new concept of ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ that include the major functions category, the stereo regional equilibrium mode, the two-level zoning specification, and the territorial development intensity; it offers a zoning scheme that defines development-optimized and development-prioritized zones as regions with massive urbanization and industrialization, development-restricted zones as ecological constructing or grain producing regions, development-prohibited zones as natural and cultural heritage protecting regions; and finally it addresses the main obstacle for implementing ′Major Function Oriented Zone′, which is the institutional arrangement of the supreme goal of high GDP growth rate that is currently being implemented.
基金National Basic Research Program of China,No.2015CB953603National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41671339State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,No.2017-FX-01(1)
文摘Impervious surface(IS) is often recognized as the indicator of urban environmental changes. Numerous research efforts have been devoted to studying its spatio-temporal dynamics and ecological effects, especially for the IS in Beijing metropolitan region. However, most previous studies primarily considered the Beijing metropolitan region as a whole without considering the differences and heterogeneity among the function zones. In this study, the subpixel impervious surface results in Beijing within a time series(1991, 2001, 2005, 2011 and 2015) were extracted by means of the classification and regression tree(CART) model combined with change detection models. Then based on the method of standard deviation ellipse, Lorenz curve, contribution index(CI) and landscape metrics, the spatio-temporal dynamics and variations of IS(1991, 2001, 2011 and 2015) in different function zones and districts were analyzed. It is found that the total area of impervious surface in Beijing increased dramatically during the study period, increasing about 144.18%. The deflection angle of major axis of standard deviation ellipse decreased from 47.15° to 38.82°, indicating the major development axis in Beijing gradually moved from northeast-southwest to north-south. Moreover, the heterogeneity of impervious surface’s distribution among 16 districts weakened gradually, but the CI values and landscape metrics in four function zones differed greatly. The urban function extended zone(UFEZ), the main source of the growth of IS in Beijing, had the highest CI values. Its lowest CI value was 1.79 that is still much higher than the highest CI value in other function zones. The core function zone(CFZ), the traditional aggregation zone of impervious surface, had the highest contagion index(CONTAG) values, but it contributed less than UFEZ due to its small area. The CI value of the new urban developed zone(NUDZ) increased rapidly, and it increased from negative to positive and multiplied, becoming animportant contributor to the rise of urban impervious surface. However, the ecological conservation zone(ECZ) had a constant negative contribution all the time, and its CI value decreased gradually. Moreover, the landscape metrics and centroids of impervious surface in different density classes differed greatly. The high-density impervious surface had a more compact configuration and a greater impact on the eco-environment.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD1100401)The Young Talent Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University(GG6J007)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662021JC009)。
文摘Functional zoning is an important mechanism for achieving national park planning and management objective.Better functional zoning is of great significance to the protection of ecosystem legitimacy and integrity,the appropriate utilization of resources,community integration,and feasible management.In the present study,the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park is the research object.Based on the critical goal of ecological protection,the importance of ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivities were evaluated.The results showed that the ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivity of the whole region are high.Among them,lake,river and wetland as the most strictly protected ecosystems account for the highest proportion.Then this study divided the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park into five functional areas through grid calculations,spatial analysis and multifactor trade-off.The results indicated that the goal of functional zoning for national park is to maximize the overall utility of park protection value and its comprehensive functions based on its spatial units with different functions,management and control requirements.The zoning scheme addresses the lack of sustainable development in Qinghai Lake National Park due to ecological environmental changes and single-resource zoning with resource protection as the primary goal.This study can serve as a reference for spatial functional zoning methods of national land parks,nature reserves and other natural protected areas.
基金Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41590841Key Project for National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41230633
文摘Urbanization significantly increases the risk of urban flooding. Therefore, quantitative study of urban rainfall-runoff processes can provide a scientific basis for urban planning and management. In this paper, the built-up region within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing was selected as the study area. The details of land cover and urban function zones(UFZs) were identified using GIS and RS methods. On this basis, the SCS-CN model was adopted to analyze the rainfall-runoff risk characteristics of the study area. The results showed that:(1) UFZs within different levels of runoff risk varied under different rainfall conditions. The area ratio of the UFZs with high runoff risk increased from 18.90%(for rainfall return period of 1 a) to 54.74%(for period of 100 a). Specifically, urban commercial areas tended to have the highest runoff risk, while urban greening spaces had the lowest.(2) The spatial characteristics of the runoff risks showed an obvious circular distribution. Spatial cluster areas with high runoff risk were mainly concentrated in the center of the study area, while those with low runoff risk were mainly distributed between the fourth and fifth ring roads. The results indicated that the spatial clustering characteristic of urban runoff risk and runoff heterogeneity among different UFZs should be fully considered during urban rainwater management.
文摘There are a lot of functions of marine resources. The various and competing conflicts between different users and different sectors in the use of marine resources will cause the disorderly development of marine resources, and even destroy the marine ecosystem. Marine functional zoning is an effective tool to solve the conflicts. However, there are some shortcomings in the current understanding on marine functional zoning and its practice. In this paper, a case study on the resource-oriented marine functional zoning of Xiangshan Port is introduced. By the principles of resource-oriented and public participation, Xiangshan Port is divided into seven zones, and the main function of the whole port and seven zones are determined by the environmental economics analysis. A case study of Xiamen is also introduced for how to integrate marine functional zoning into a coastal city conceptual planning. Under the conservation principle, resources-oriented principle and so on, the advantages and disadvantages of natural ecosystem, social ecosystem and economic ecosystem are holistically analyzed, the urban orientation of Xiamen is determined as a regional international tourism city, and the whole city is divided into five function zones according to its leading industry -tourism. Resource-oriented marine functional zoning has a long-term guidance for sustainable use of marine resources and development strategy of a coastal city. And environmental economics analysis is an effective tool for resource-orientation.
文摘The territorial expansion of the economic zones along Tirana-Durres corridor,is considered as clear evidence of regional economic development.Since the first 10 years of 1990-2000,the need for a functional planning process was clearly noted.In the early 2000’s,the linear planning on both sides of the highway,from KJ(Kamza Junction)to KT(Kashar Turn),was the real demonstration of that need.This article is a first effort towards an indirect analysis on spatial urban development processes of the last 20 years,indicated by development urban plans for Greater Tirana.This analysis concludes on the defects on integration of this area into the existing structure of Tirana,which are reflected in the new regulatory plans during 2012-2016.This article identifies the functional zoning phenomena,forms and rates of parcels occupation,analyzed through the land use indicators coverage.The urban analysis is focused also on identifying the achievements and failures on the design of spatial structures of social importance.This analysis intends to lead towards a more detailed study of the ways that enable the integration of this industrial area with the residential zone.It is considered as an attempt,which raises a number of issues,for helping the planners,architects and city administrators,involved in the planning and implementation of Partial Urban Plans.
文摘The urban comprehensive park is the main body of the urban environment construction, and the plant landscape is the most important landscape element of the comprehensive park. It is helpful for the landscape design of the comprehensive park to improve the environmental quality and the sustainable development of the city. Taking the ＂Nanjiang Park＂ in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou as the research object, the landscape design of plants was explored and analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the application forms of plant land- scapes in different functional zones in comprehensive parks. The specific forms of the garden elements had different needs of plant landscape construction. According to the results of case studies, it found that comprehensive parks could improve the functions, create the aesthetic sense, enhance the atmosphere and enhance the taste through plant landscape design. In addition, corresponding suggestions were put forward according to the current situation with the aim to provide references for the future plant landscape design related with garden greens.
文摘Functional zones in cities constitute the most conspicuous components of newly developed urban areas, and have been a hot spot for domestic and foreign investors in China, which not only show the expanse of urban space accompanied by the shifts both in landscape (from rural to urban) and land use(from less extensive to extensive), but also display the transformation of regional ecological functions. By using the theories and methods of landscape ecology, the structure of landscapes and landscape ecological planning can be analyzed and evaluated for studying the urban functional zones' layout. In 1990, the Central Government of China declared to develop and open up Pudong New Area so as to promote economic development in Shanghai. Benefited from the advantages of Shanghai's location and economy, the government of Pudong New Area has successively built up 7 different functional zones over the past decade according to their functions and strategic goals. Based on the multi-spectral satellite imageries taken in 1990, 1997 and 2000, a landscape ecology analysis was carried out for Pudong New Area of Shanghai, supported by GIS technology. Green space (including croplands) and built-up areas are the major factors considered in developing urban landscape. This paper was mainly concerned with the different spatial patterns and dynamics of green space, built-up areas and new buildings in different functional zones, as influenced by different functional layouts and development strategies. The rapid urbanization in Pudong New Area resulted in a more homogeneous landscape. Agricultural landscape and suburban landscape were gradually replaced by urban landscape as the degree of urbanization increased. As a consequence of urbanization in Pudong, not only built-up patches, but also newly-built patches and green patches merged into one large patch, which should be attributed to the construction policy of extensive green space as the urban development process in Pudong New Area. The shape of green area of 7 functional zones became more and more regular because of the horticultural needs in Shanghai urban planning. Some suggestions were finally made for the study of future urban planning and layout.
基金This study is supported by Research on the 2nd comprehensive scien-tific investigation into the Tibetan Plateau(2019QZKK0404)Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS(XDA20020300)+1 种基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630644)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680660).
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is a region with unique and distinctive natural landscapes and cultural charac-teristics and presents a useful case to improve understanding of sustainable development for regions with extreme environments and unique social backgrounds.Research has been conducted for small-scale regions,however there has been insufficient exploration of the problems and countermeasures for sustainable development in Tibet.This study analyzes different functional zones(urbanized zones,agricultural zones,pastoral zones and ecological se-curity zones)of the QTP.Then it develops a sustainable livelihood index(SLI)based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework resulting in three main findings.First,sustainable livelihoods vary greatly across functional zones.The SLI for farmers and herdsmen in the urbanized zones is the highest,with a value of 3.57,followed by the agricultural zones of 3.07.In comparison,the SLI values in the ecological security zones and pastoral zones are 2.92 and 2.85,respectively,indicating that the two zones present challenges for sustainable develop-ment in the QTP.Second,all counties had few natural,social or physical assets,indicating the need to expand assets to achieve sustainable livelihoods.Finally,urbanized and agricultural counties had more robust livelihood strategies than ecological and pastoral counties.In light of these results,strategic options have been formulated to promote sustainable development.These options include:accelerating construction of the third pole national park group;establishing a pattern of green mining;promoting the biological resources industry;and initiating a carbon trading market in the QTP.
文摘The evaluation of marine function zoning （hereinafter referred to as MFZ） is an important part of MFZ. This paper studies the principles of MFZ evaluation and the evaluation procedures. It is proposed that three main aspects, including the evaluation of MFZ implementation situation, the evaluation of the performance effects and the evaluation of the changes of dependent conditions, are the top priorities in establishing an evaluation indicator system framework. The evaluation of MFZ implementation situation includes assessing the general situation of MFZ and the degree of implementation and public participation. The evaluation of the performance effects involves the assessments of the achievements and the existing problems in the rectification and standardization of utilizing the sea areas, protecting marine resources and environment, and promoting marine economic development. The evaluation of the changes of dependent conditions includes the assessments and measurements of the changes in the social and economic conditions, the use demands of marine industries, marine resource conditions and marine environmental conditions. This paper provides the means of integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches into the scientific and systematic evaluation on MFZ. The evaluation results can determine whether MFZ needs to be altered or not. The results also provide an important reference basis for determining whether a slight or great alteration is justified. To illustrate the utility of the MFZ evaluation indicator system, an evaluation example is given. Further studies are needed to make the evaluation of MFZ more scientific, reasonable, fair and effective.
