Rebuilding the damaged motor function caused by spinal cord injury is one of the most serious challenges in clinical neuroscience.The function of the neural pathway under the damaged sites can be rebuilt using functio...Rebuilding the damaged motor function caused by spinal cord injury is one of the most serious challenges in clinical neuroscience.The function of the neural pathway under the damaged sites can be rebuilt using functional electrical stimulation technology.In this study,the locations of motor function sites in the lumbosacral spinal cord were determined with functional electrical stimulation technology.A three-dimensional map of the lumbosacral spinal cord comprising the relationship between the motor function sites and the corresponding muscle was drawn.Based on the individual experimental parameters and normalized coordinates of the motor function sites,the motor function sites that control a certain muscle were calculated.Phasing pulse sequences were delivered to the determined motor function sites in the spinal cord and hip extension,hip flexion,ankle plantarflexion,and ankle dorsiflexion movements were successfully achieved.The results show that the map of the spinal cord motor function sites was valid.This map can provide guidance for the selection of electrical stimulation sites during the rebuilding of motor function after spinal cord injury.展开更多
Selective separation of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4)are promising for their high-purity industrial demand and scientific research on account of the similar molecular radius and physical properties.In this work,a u...Selective separation of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4)are promising for their high-purity industrial demand and scientific research on account of the similar molecular radius and physical properties.In this work,a unique 3 D microporous MOF material[Cu(SiF6)(sdi)2]·solvents(1,sdi=1,1’-sulfonyldiimidazole)was successfully constructed by cross-linking 1 D coordination polymer chains.The dense functional active sites on the inner walls of the channel of la can provide strong binding affinities to CO_(2),C2 H_(2),and thus effectively improve the gas separation performance of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4).展开更多
As one of the most crucial post-translational modifications,protein phosphorylation regulates a broad range of biological processes in eukaryotes.Biocuration,integration,and annotation of reported phosphorylation even...As one of the most crucial post-translational modifications,protein phosphorylation regulates a broad range of biological processes in eukaryotes.Biocuration,integration,and annotation of reported phosphorylation events will deliver a valuable resource for the community.Here,we present an updated database,the eukaryotic phosphorylation site database 2.0(EPSD 2.0),which includes 2,769,163 experimentally identified phosphorylation sites(p-sites)in 362,707 phosphoproteins from 223 eukaryotes.From the literature,873,718 new p-sites identified through high-throughput phosphoproteomic research were first collected,and 1,078,888 original phosphopeptides together with primary references were reserved.Then,this dataset was merged into EPSD 1.0,comprising 1,616,804 p-sites within 209,326 proteins across 68 eukaryotic organisms.We also integrated 362,190 additional known p-sites from 10 public databases.After redundancy clearance,we manually re-checked each p-site and annotated 88,074 functional events for 32,762 p-sites,covering 58 types of downstream effects on phosphoproteins,and regulatory impacts on 107 biological processes.In addition,phosphoproteins and p-sites in 8 model organisms were meticulously annotated utilizing information supplied by 100 external platforms encompassing 15 areas.These areas included kinase/phosphatase,transcription regulators,three-dimensional structures,physicochemical characteristics,genomic variations,functional descriptions,protein domains,molecular interactions,drug-target associations,disease-related data,orthologs,transcript expression levels,proteomics,subcellular localization,and regulatory pathways.We expect that EPSD 2.0 will become a useful database supporting comprehensive studies on phosphorylation in eukaryotes.The EPSD 2.0 database is freely accessible online at https://epsd.biocuckoo.cn/.展开更多
Protein nitration and nitrosylation are essential post-translational modifications （PTMs）involved in many fundamental cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that excessive levels of nitration and nitrosyla...Protein nitration and nitrosylation are essential post-translational modifications （PTMs）involved in many fundamental cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that excessive levels of nitration and nitrosylation in some critical proteins are linked to numerous chronic diseases.Therefore, the identification of substrates that undergo such modifications in a site-specific manner is an important research topic in the community and will provide candidates for targeted therapy. In this study, we aimed to develop a computational tool for predicting nitration and nitrosylation sites in proteins. We first constructed four types of encoding features, including positional amino acid distributions, sequence contextual dependencies, physicochemical properties, and position-specific scoring features, to represent the modified residues. Based on these encoding features, we established a predictor called DeepNitro using deep learning methods for predicting protein nitration and nitrosylation. Using n-fold cross-validation, our evaluation shows great AUC values for DeepNitro, 0.65for tyrosine nitration, 0.80 for tryptophan nitration, and 0.70 for cysteine nitrosylation, respectively,demonstrating the robustness and reliability of our tool. Also, when tested in the independent dataset, DeepNitro is substantially superior to other similar tools with a 7%à42%improvement in the prediction performance. Taken together, the application of deep learning method and novel encoding schemes, especially the position-specific scoring feature, greatly improves the accuracy of nitration and nitrosylation site prediction and may facilitate the prediction of other PTM sites. DeepNitro is implemented in JAVA and PHP and is freely available for academic research at http：//deepnitro.renlab.org.展开更多
Web sites are very important and companies can attract customers by promoting various features of the web site. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between web site functions and firm performance. A re...Web sites are very important and companies can attract customers by promoting various features of the web site. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between web site functions and firm performance. A research model based on the DeLone and McLean （D＆M） model and customer service life cycle （CSLC） theory was used to investigate the impact of web site functions on e-business success. The research model considers web site functions, web site use, customer satisfaction, and firm performance. According to the CSLC theory, there are three stages in a customer service life cycle. Therefore, the web site functions are divided into three stages： requirements, acquisition, and ownership. The functions in each stage serve to encourage usage and thus, enhance customer satisfaction and firm performance. The theoretical model and hypotheses were tested using data collected from 72 wholesale and retail firms in China using the partial least squares （PLS） method. The results suggest that web site functions in the acquisition stage have the strongest impact on web site use and that the improvement of customer satisfaction can significantly increase firm performance.展开更多
This article analyses different characteristics of scale,site selection and function of the current economic andtehnological development zones in our country.It further proposes that it is inappropriate for the econom...This article analyses different characteristics of scale,site selection and function of the current economic andtehnological development zones in our country.It further proposes that it is inappropriate for the economic andtechnological development zones to follow the“pattern of the special zones”,but a new pattern of“small scale,unitaryfunction and closeness to old city”should be adopted to fit in with the practical conditions in our country.The scale,landuse structure and the relations between the development zone and the old city are the basic issues in planning forthe development zones.These three essential elements constitute the pattern of planning which determines to a certainextent the success or failure of the development zones.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as promising materials in the realm of electrocatalysis due to their high surface area,tunable porosity,and versatile chemical functionality.However,their practical applicati...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as promising materials in the realm of electrocatalysis due to their high surface area,tunable porosity,and versatile chemical functionality.However,their practical application has been hampered by inherent limitations such as low electrical conductivity and a limited number of active metal sites.Researchers addressed these challenges through various strategies,including enhancing conductivity by incorporating conductive materials and metal nanoparticles,modifying the structure and composition of MOFs by replacing metal nodes and functionalizing linkers,and preparing MOFs catalysts through thermal processes such as decarburization and con-version into metal oxides,phosphides(MPs),and sulfides(MSs).This review provided a comprehensive summary of the strategies that were employed to enhance the electroactivity of MOFs for improved electrocatalytic performance in recent years.It also explored future directions and potential innovations in the design and synthesis of MOF‐based electrocatalysts,offering valuable insights for advancing their application in sustainable energy technologies.展开更多
Side effects from targeted drugs remain a serious conccrn. One reason is the nonselective binding of a drug to unintended proteins such as its paralogs, which arc highly homologous in sequences and have similar struct...Side effects from targeted drugs remain a serious conccrn. One reason is the nonselective binding of a drug to unintended proteins such as its paralogs, which arc highly homologous in sequences and have similar structures and drug-binding pockets. To identify targctablc differences between paralogs, we analyzed two types （type-I and type-ll） of functional divergence between two paralogs in the known target protein receptor family G-protein coupled receptors （GPCRs） at the amino acid level. Paralogous protein receptors in glucagon-like subfamily, glucagon receptor （GCGR） and glucagon-like peptide-I receptor （GLP-I R）, exhibit divergence in ligands and are clinically validated drug targets for type 2 diabetes. Our data showed that type-ll alnino acids were significantly enriched in the binding sites of antagonist MK-0893 to GCGR. which had a radical shift in physicochemical properties between GCGR and GLP-1R. We also examined the role of type-I amino acids between GCGR and GLP-IR. The divergent features between GCGR and GLP-I R paralogs may be helpful in their discrimination, thus enabling the identification of binding sites to reduce undesirable side effects and increase the target specificity of drugs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81371663,61534003the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China,No.PPZY2015B135
文摘Rebuilding the damaged motor function caused by spinal cord injury is one of the most serious challenges in clinical neuroscience.The function of the neural pathway under the damaged sites can be rebuilt using functional electrical stimulation technology.In this study,the locations of motor function sites in the lumbosacral spinal cord were determined with functional electrical stimulation technology.A three-dimensional map of the lumbosacral spinal cord comprising the relationship between the motor function sites and the corresponding muscle was drawn.Based on the individual experimental parameters and normalized coordinates of the motor function sites,the motor function sites that control a certain muscle were calculated.Phasing pulse sequences were delivered to the determined motor function sites in the spinal cord and hip extension,hip flexion,ankle plantarflexion,and ankle dorsiflexion movements were successfully achieved.The results show that the map of the spinal cord motor function sites was valid.This map can provide guidance for the selection of electrical stimulation sites during the rebuilding of motor function after spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.91856124 and 21531005)Nature Science Fund of Tianjin,China(No.19JCZDJC37200)。
文摘Selective separation of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4)are promising for their high-purity industrial demand and scientific research on account of the similar molecular radius and physical properties.In this work,a unique 3 D microporous MOF material[Cu(SiF6)(sdi)2]·solvents(1,sdi=1,1’-sulfonyldiimidazole)was successfully constructed by cross-linking 1 D coordination polymer chains.The dense functional active sites on the inner walls of the channel of la can provide strong binding affinities to CO_(2),C2 H_(2),and thus effectively improve the gas separation performance of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32341020 and 32341021)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFC2704304 and 2021YFF0702000)+1 种基金the Interdisciplinary Research Program of HUST(Grant Nos.2023JCYJ010 and 2024JCYJ013)the Hubei Province Postdoctoral Outstanding Talent Tracking Support Program,and the Research Core Facilities for Life Science(HUST),China.
文摘As one of the most crucial post-translational modifications,protein phosphorylation regulates a broad range of biological processes in eukaryotes.Biocuration,integration,and annotation of reported phosphorylation events will deliver a valuable resource for the community.Here,we present an updated database,the eukaryotic phosphorylation site database 2.0(EPSD 2.0),which includes 2,769,163 experimentally identified phosphorylation sites(p-sites)in 362,707 phosphoproteins from 223 eukaryotes.From the literature,873,718 new p-sites identified through high-throughput phosphoproteomic research were first collected,and 1,078,888 original phosphopeptides together with primary references were reserved.Then,this dataset was merged into EPSD 1.0,comprising 1,616,804 p-sites within 209,326 proteins across 68 eukaryotic organisms.We also integrated 362,190 additional known p-sites from 10 public databases.After redundancy clearance,we manually re-checked each p-site and annotated 88,074 functional events for 32,762 p-sites,covering 58 types of downstream effects on phosphoproteins,and regulatory impacts on 107 biological processes.In addition,phosphoproteins and p-sites in 8 model organisms were meticulously annotated utilizing information supplied by 100 external platforms encompassing 15 areas.These areas included kinase/phosphatase,transcription regulators,three-dimensional structures,physicochemical characteristics,genomic variations,functional descriptions,protein domains,molecular interactions,drug-target associations,disease-related data,orthologs,transcript expression levels,proteomics,subcellular localization,and regulatory pathways.We expect that EPSD 2.0 will become a useful database supporting comprehensive studies on phosphorylation in eukaryotes.The EPSD 2.0 database is freely accessible online at https://epsd.biocuckoo.cn/.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91753137, 31471252, 31771462, 81772614, and U1611261)National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0106700)+2 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2014TQ01R387 and 2014A030313181)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (Grant Nos. 201604020003 and 201604046001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2017M622864)
文摘Protein nitration and nitrosylation are essential post-translational modifications （PTMs）involved in many fundamental cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that excessive levels of nitration and nitrosylation in some critical proteins are linked to numerous chronic diseases.Therefore, the identification of substrates that undergo such modifications in a site-specific manner is an important research topic in the community and will provide candidates for targeted therapy. In this study, we aimed to develop a computational tool for predicting nitration and nitrosylation sites in proteins. We first constructed four types of encoding features, including positional amino acid distributions, sequence contextual dependencies, physicochemical properties, and position-specific scoring features, to represent the modified residues. Based on these encoding features, we established a predictor called DeepNitro using deep learning methods for predicting protein nitration and nitrosylation. Using n-fold cross-validation, our evaluation shows great AUC values for DeepNitro, 0.65for tyrosine nitration, 0.80 for tryptophan nitration, and 0.70 for cysteine nitrosylation, respectively,demonstrating the robustness and reliability of our tool. Also, when tested in the independent dataset, DeepNitro is substantially superior to other similar tools with a 7%à42%improvement in the prediction performance. Taken together, the application of deep learning method and novel encoding schemes, especially the position-specific scoring feature, greatly improves the accuracy of nitration and nitrosylation site prediction and may facilitate the prediction of other PTM sites. DeepNitro is implemented in JAVA and PHP and is freely available for academic research at http：//deepnitro.renlab.org.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 70772022, 70472007, 70231010, and 70621061)the MOE Project of Key Research Institute of Humanity and Social Sciences at Universities (No. 06JJD630014)
文摘Web sites are very important and companies can attract customers by promoting various features of the web site. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between web site functions and firm performance. A research model based on the DeLone and McLean （D＆M） model and customer service life cycle （CSLC） theory was used to investigate the impact of web site functions on e-business success. The research model considers web site functions, web site use, customer satisfaction, and firm performance. According to the CSLC theory, there are three stages in a customer service life cycle. Therefore, the web site functions are divided into three stages： requirements, acquisition, and ownership. The functions in each stage serve to encourage usage and thus, enhance customer satisfaction and firm performance. The theoretical model and hypotheses were tested using data collected from 72 wholesale and retail firms in China using the partial least squares （PLS） method. The results suggest that web site functions in the acquisition stage have the strongest impact on web site use and that the improvement of customer satisfaction can significantly increase firm performance.
文摘This article analyses different characteristics of scale,site selection and function of the current economic andtehnological development zones in our country.It further proposes that it is inappropriate for the economic andtechnological development zones to follow the“pattern of the special zones”,but a new pattern of“small scale,unitaryfunction and closeness to old city”should be adopted to fit in with the practical conditions in our country.The scale,landuse structure and the relations between the development zone and the old city are the basic issues in planning forthe development zones.These three essential elements constitute the pattern of planning which determines to a certainextent the success or failure of the development zones.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22378366。
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as promising materials in the realm of electrocatalysis due to their high surface area,tunable porosity,and versatile chemical functionality.However,their practical application has been hampered by inherent limitations such as low electrical conductivity and a limited number of active metal sites.Researchers addressed these challenges through various strategies,including enhancing conductivity by incorporating conductive materials and metal nanoparticles,modifying the structure and composition of MOFs by replacing metal nodes and functionalizing linkers,and preparing MOFs catalysts through thermal processes such as decarburization and con-version into metal oxides,phosphides(MPs),and sulfides(MSs).This review provided a comprehensive summary of the strategies that were employed to enhance the electroactivity of MOFs for improved electrocatalytic performance in recent years.It also explored future directions and potential innovations in the design and synthesis of MOF‐based electrocatalysts,offering valuable insights for advancing their application in sustainable energy technologies.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31571355 and 31301034)supported by Fudan University,ChinaIowa State University,United States
文摘Side effects from targeted drugs remain a serious conccrn. One reason is the nonselective binding of a drug to unintended proteins such as its paralogs, which arc highly homologous in sequences and have similar structures and drug-binding pockets. To identify targctablc differences between paralogs, we analyzed two types （type-I and type-ll） of functional divergence between two paralogs in the known target protein receptor family G-protein coupled receptors （GPCRs） at the amino acid level. Paralogous protein receptors in glucagon-like subfamily, glucagon receptor （GCGR） and glucagon-like peptide-I receptor （GLP-I R）, exhibit divergence in ligands and are clinically validated drug targets for type 2 diabetes. Our data showed that type-ll alnino acids were significantly enriched in the binding sites of antagonist MK-0893 to GCGR. which had a radical shift in physicochemical properties between GCGR and GLP-1R. We also examined the role of type-I amino acids between GCGR and GLP-IR. The divergent features between GCGR and GLP-I R paralogs may be helpful in their discrimination, thus enabling the identification of binding sites to reduce undesirable side effects and increase the target specificity of drugs.
