This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared ...This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
The 6-isoquinolinyl system was incorporated into mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)syntheses for comparative analysis of its assembly behavior with 4-pyridyl-based coordination ligands,where a coordination-drive...The 6-isoquinolinyl system was incorporated into mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)syntheses for comparative analysis of its assembly behavior with 4-pyridyl-based coordination ligands,where a coordination-driven self-assembly strategy by half-sandwich Cp^(*)Rh units was employed to construct diverse molecular links.The pyridyl ligand,adorned with thiophene moieties,assembles into[2]catenanes(2_(1)^(2)links),whereas the isoquinolinyl ligand produces molecular Borromean links(6_(2)^(3)links).Intriguingly,when utilizing extended bithiophene segments,the pyridyl ligand forms Borromean rings(6_(2)^(3)links),while isoquinolinyl counterparts produced a rare low-symmetry cyclic[3]catenane(6_(3)^(3)topology).The results were confirmed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-TOF/MS)experiments.Synergistic π-π stacking,C-H···π interactions,and solvophobic effects governed the complex self-assembly system,with independent gradient model(IGM)analyses and solventaccessible surface area(SASA)calculations providing atomistic insights into the pathway selectivity of distinct topological links.展开更多
Poor solubility often results in low efficacy of antitumor drugs.Nevertheless,limited research has been conducted on the potential decrease in drug efficacy following the self-assembly of hydrophobic pure drugs into n...Poor solubility often results in low efficacy of antitumor drugs.Nevertheless,limited research has been conducted on the potential decrease in drug efficacy following the self-assembly of hydrophobic pure drugs into nanodrugs,and solutions to this problem are even rarer.Loading water-insoluble antitumor drugs into nanocarriers offers a promising solution.However,intricate carrier preparation,limited drug loading capacity,and carrier-associated safety remain key challenges.In this study,based on the discovery that hydrophobic gambogic acid(GA) self-assembles into nanostructures with diminished antitumor efficacy in aqueous environments,we developed a carrier-free nanodrug system,designated as GA-S-S-AS nanoparticles(NPs),characterized by straightforward preparation,high drug loading,fluorescence imaging,tumor-targeting,and responsive drug release in reducing environments.Specifically,the hydrophobic GA was covalently linked to the hydrophilic aptamer through a disulfide bond and then self-assembled into the nanodrugs.About 92 % of drug was encapsulated in self-assembled NPs,demonstrating remarkable stability under physiological conditions and controlled release of GA in the high-glutathione environment characteristic of tumor sites.Furthermore,by utilizing the synergistic interaction between the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR) effect and ligand-receptor active targeting mechanisms,the nanodrugs significantly increased the accumulation of GA at tumor locations.Consequently,the nanodrugs exhibited optimal therapeutic efficacy against the tumor both in vitro and in vivo,significantly inhibiting tumor growth.Furthermore,the nanodrugs demonstrated enhanced biosafety compared to free GA,effectively reducing GA-induced hepatotoxicity.Taken together,these findings underscore the significant potential of this multifunctional carrier-free nanodrugs for the targeted delivery of GA,thereby laying a foundation for future endeavors aimed at developing novel formulations of hydrophobic antitumor drugs.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.展开更多
This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
Controllable photoreaction transition of photosensitizers(PSs)provides a highly promising approach for achieving efficient photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,tumor microenvironment-triggered phototransition remains a s...Controllable photoreaction transition of photosensitizers(PSs)provides a highly promising approach for achieving efficient photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,tumor microenvironment-triggered phototransition remains a significant challenge and has not yet been reported.In this work,we develop a hydrogen bond self-assembly(HBSA)strategy that is triggered by the acidic tumor microenvironment to enable the photodynamic transition of tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin(TCPP)PSs from type Ⅱ to type Ⅰ reactions.Upon self-assembly of TCPP monomers into TCPP assemblies(TCPP-ass),the generated reactive oxygen species shift from singlet oxygen to superoxide anions,which induces caspase-3/GSDME-mediated programmed pyroptosis,enabling rapid and complete solid tumor elimination with minimized adverse effects and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.Crucially,the HBSA process occurs exclusively within tumor cells,and this tumor-specific self-assembly strategy not only utilizes high tissue penetration of TCPP molecular-PSs,but also avoids phototoxicity caused by the formation and accumulation of TCPP-ass nano-PSs in normal tissue,providing an innovative approach for precise cancer therapy.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to s...Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.展开更多
Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments re...Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments reveal that both SOFs can undergo reversible assembly and disassembly at room temperature.One of the SOFs displays unprecedently high maximum tolerated dose of 120 mg/kg with mice,which improves by 40%compared with the highest value of the reported SOFs.In vitro and in vivo tests show that the SOF can adsorb doxorubicin and overcome the resistance of multidrugresistant MDR A549/ADR tumor cells to realize intracellular delivery,leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.Moreover,it can also completely inhibit the posttreatment phototoxicity of photofrin and fully neutralize the anticoagulation of both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins through efficient inclusion and elimination or sequestration mechanism.As the first examples that undergo roomtemperature reversible assembly and disassembly,the new SOFs in principle allow for quantitative analysis of the molecular components in the body that is prerequisite for preclinical evaluation in the future.展开更多
Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural pro...Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.展开更多
Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access thi...Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold.Catalyzed direct Csp^(2)-H functionalization provides an effective and costefficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials,ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy.This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp^(2)-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD...[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD)based on network pharmacology.[Methods]Firstly,we reviewed the existing research progress on each constituent drug of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch for FD improvement.Following this,identified overlapping genes were utilized to construct both a"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network and a Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)network specific to the patch.In addition,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis was carried out.[Results]We identified that the 13 herbs in the Jineijin Shanzha Patch are mainly used for food stagnation,qi stagnation,and spleen deficiency.Screening revealed 43 active patch components,1414 FD-related targets,and 284 shared targets between them.The PPI network analysis further identified the top 10 core targets from these shared targets.From the"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network,we identified the core elements.These included the herbal components Vignae Semen(from Liushenqu),Crataegi Fructus,and Pseudostellariae Radix;the active components quercetin,genistein,and apigenin;and the key targets CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.GO analysis of the 284 overlapping targets indicated that the Jineijin Shanzha Patch may exert its therapeutic effects via regulation of biological processes such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway.[Conclusions]The main active components of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch(quercetin,genistein,and apigenin)may improve FD by modulating signaling pathways such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway,thereby acting on key targets including CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.展开更多
Background:Targeted delivery of biological macromolecules to the small intestine remains challenging due to their susceptibility to degradation in the hostile gastric environment.Methods:This study introduces a minima...Background:Targeted delivery of biological macromolecules to the small intestine remains challenging due to their susceptibility to degradation in the hostile gastric environment.Methods:This study introduces a minimally invasive,in situ injection technique for the murine small intestine that facilitates localized luminal delivery while circumventing gastric barriers.The procedure involves a small abdominal incision for direct injection into the duodenum near the pylorus.Postsurgical monitoring of physiological parameters,systemic inflammatory markers,liver function,and intestinal integrity was conducted over 72 h.Histopathological analysis was performed.The delivery of the functional protein TAT-EGFP(Tat protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein)to intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated and compared with oral gavage.As a proof of concept,single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestinal epithelium was performed after high-mobility group box 1 administration.Results:Postsurgical monitoring indicated only transient,anesthesia-related hypo-thermia and minor behavioral alterations.No significant changes were observed over 72 h in body weight,core temperature,clinical severity scores,systemic inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein and leukocytes),liver function(alanine aminotransferase),or intestinal integrity.Histopathological analysis confirmed preserved tissue architec-ture and normal digestive,absorptive,and barrier functions.The model successfully delivered TAT-EGFP to intestinal epithelial cells,an outcome not achievable via oral gavage due to gastric degradation.Single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestinal epi-thelium after high-mobility group box 1 administration revealed inflammatory gene expression patterns in specific epithelial subpopulations.Conclusions:Compared to traditional methods such as oral gavage or organoid cul-ture,this technique offers precise,degradation-resistant delivery of macromolecules in a physiological context.The model's versatility makes it a powerful platform for intestinal research,with applications in drug delivery assessment,gene therapy evalu-ation,and host-microbiota interaction studies.展开更多
Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the po...Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.展开更多
The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and fu...The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and functional differentiation of microbial communities across different fermentation rounds remain unclear.Therefore,this study compared the differences in microbiota structure,environmental factors driving community assembly,and functional differentiations throughout 1–7 rounds(JC1–JC7)of pit fermentation in JFB production.Results showed that Lactobacillus dominated all rounds and complied with declining relative abundance from rounds JC1–JC7.The mould composition was similar in JC3–JC5 while the yeast structure in JC4 was found intermediate between JC3 and JC5.LEf Se analysis unveiled aroma-producing microorganisms as prominent biomarkers in JC1,strong enzyme-producing attributes in JC2,JC6,and JC7 biomarkers,and an enzyme and aroma-producing focus with robust tolerance in JC3–JC5 biomarkers.Acidity mainly regulated the microbial community in the first 4 rounds,with nutrient limitation drove microbial succession from the fifth round onward.Functional predictions underscored enriched amino acid metabolism enzymes in JC6 and JC1,while carbohydrate degradation exhibited predominant enzymatic profiles in JC2,JC6,and JC7.This study laid a foundation for comprehending community composition,succession,and flavor regulatory mechanisms throughout JFB brewing.展开更多
BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major ...BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.展开更多
Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control mate...Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control material grading and achieve the desired mechanical properties.The current study explores the design and optimisation of FGCSs for AM,with a focus on improving the compression and impact performance of below knee(BK)prosthetic limbs made of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).A multiscale research methodology integrating topology optimization(TO),finite element analysis(FEA),and design of experiments(Do E)was adopted to optimise lattice structures in terms of stiffness and lightweight properties.Two-unit cell designs were considered in the study:Schwarz P gyroid and body-centered cubic(BCC).Response surface methodology(RSM)was implemented to analyse the effect of minimum and maximum cell wall thickness,cell size,and unit cell type on the mechanical performance of TPU FGCS structures.The results indicated that a Schwarz P FGCS structure with cell size,minimum and maximum cell wall thickness of 6,0.9 and 2.8 mm,respectively,could be optimal for a compromise between performance and weight.In this optimized case,stiffness and volume fraction values of 684 N/mm and 0.64 were obtained,respectively.The study also presents a proof-of-concept design for a BK prosthetic damper,highlighting the potential of FGCSs to enhance patient comfort,reduce manufacturing costs,and enable personalised designs through 3D scanning and AM.The obtained results could be a step forward towards the incorporation of AM technologies in prosthetics,offering a pathway to lightweight,cost-effective,and functionally tailored solutions.展开更多
With the escalating demand for safe,sustainable,and high-performance energy storage systems,hydrogel electrolytes have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries.By int...With the escalating demand for safe,sustainable,and high-performance energy storage systems,hydrogel electrolytes have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries.By integrating the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes with the mechanical robustness of solid frameworks,hydrogel electrolytes offer distinct advantages in suppressing zinc dendrite formation,enhancing interfacial stability,and enabling reliable operation under extreme environmental conditions.This review systematically summarizes the fundamental characteristics and design criteria of hydrogel electrolytes,including mechanical flexibility,ionic transport capabilities,and environmental adaptability.It further explores various compositional design strategies involving natural polymers,synthetic polymers,and composite systems,as well as the incorporation of electrolyte salts and functional additives.In addition,recent advances in functional optimization,such as anti-freezing properties,self-healing abilities,thermal responsiveness,and biocompatibility,are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the review outlines the current challenges and proposes potential directions for future research.展开更多
Liver diseases remain a global health crisis,with limited safe therapeutic options.Cornus officinalis,a traditional medicinal-edible plant,has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective potential.This review systematic...Liver diseases remain a global health crisis,with limited safe therapeutic options.Cornus officinalis,a traditional medicinal-edible plant,has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective potential.This review systematically summarizes its liver-protective mechanisms and explores its potential as a functional food.Data were collected from scientific databases such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Elsevier,Google Scholar,and relevant literature.Key bioactive compounds—including iridoids,polyphenols,and polysaccharides—contribute to hepatoprotection by mitigating oxidative stress,inflammation,steatosis,apoptosis,and by regulating gut microbiota.As critical quality markers,iridoids exhibit suboptimal bioavailability,necessitating targeted technological interventions—nanoencapsulation for liver-specific delivery and microbial fermentation for controlled aglycone conversion are proposed to enhance their pharmacokinetic properties and bioactivity.Future research could adopt encapsulation and fermentation technologies for C.officinalis processing,aiming to develop targeted functional food products with enhanced bioactivity of its active components.This review,for the first time,establishes a“component-pathway-integration”model,providing a theoretical framework for evidence-based CO-derived functional food development and highlighting the need for further research on iridoid metabolic transformation to advance liver health management.展开更多
Wood,once regarded primarily as a structural material,possesses rich physicochemical complexity that has long been underexplored.In the context of industrialization and carbon imbalance,it is now emerging as a renewab...Wood,once regarded primarily as a structural material,possesses rich physicochemical complexity that has long been underexplored.In the context of industrialization and carbon imbalance,it is now emerging as a renewable and multifunctional platform for green nanotechnologies.Recent advances in wood nanotechnology have enabled the transformation of natural wood into programmable substrates with tailored nanoarchitectures,establishing it as a representative class of bio-based nanomaterials.This review systematically categorizes wood-specific nanoengineering strategies—including thermal carbonization,laser-induced graphenization,targeted delignification,nanomaterial integration,and mechanical processing—highlighting their mechanisms and impacts on wood's multiscale structural and functional properties.Importantly,these functionalization strategies can be flexibly combined in a modular,“Lego-like”manner,enabling wood to be reconfigured and optimized for diverse application scenarios.We summarize recent progress in applying functionalized wood to sustainable technologies such as energy storage(e.g.,metal-ion batteries,Zn-air systems,supercapacitors),water treatment(e.g.,adsorption,photothermal filtration,catalytic degradation),and energy conversion(e.g.,solar evaporation,ionic thermoelectrics,hydrovoltaics,and triboelectric nanogenerators).These studies reveal how nanoengineered wood structures can enable efficient charge transport,selective adsorption,and enhanced light-to-heat conversion.Finally,the review discusses current challenges—such as scalable fabrication,material integration,and long-term environmental stability—and outlines future directions for the development of wood-based platforms in next-generation green energy and environmental systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82174074)。
文摘This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the Department of Chemistry,Fudan Universitythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(22031003,21720102004)the Shanghai Science Technology Committee(19DZ2270100)。
文摘The 6-isoquinolinyl system was incorporated into mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)syntheses for comparative analysis of its assembly behavior with 4-pyridyl-based coordination ligands,where a coordination-driven self-assembly strategy by half-sandwich Cp^(*)Rh units was employed to construct diverse molecular links.The pyridyl ligand,adorned with thiophene moieties,assembles into[2]catenanes(2_(1)^(2)links),whereas the isoquinolinyl ligand produces molecular Borromean links(6_(2)^(3)links).Intriguingly,when utilizing extended bithiophene segments,the pyridyl ligand forms Borromean rings(6_(2)^(3)links),while isoquinolinyl counterparts produced a rare low-symmetry cyclic[3]catenane(6_(3)^(3)topology).The results were confirmed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-TOF/MS)experiments.Synergistic π-π stacking,C-H···π interactions,and solvophobic effects governed the complex self-assembly system,with independent gradient model(IGM)analyses and solventaccessible surface area(SASA)calculations providing atomistic insights into the pathway selectivity of distinct topological links.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21907076 and 31901908)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.22JCQNJC01570)。
文摘Poor solubility often results in low efficacy of antitumor drugs.Nevertheless,limited research has been conducted on the potential decrease in drug efficacy following the self-assembly of hydrophobic pure drugs into nanodrugs,and solutions to this problem are even rarer.Loading water-insoluble antitumor drugs into nanocarriers offers a promising solution.However,intricate carrier preparation,limited drug loading capacity,and carrier-associated safety remain key challenges.In this study,based on the discovery that hydrophobic gambogic acid(GA) self-assembles into nanostructures with diminished antitumor efficacy in aqueous environments,we developed a carrier-free nanodrug system,designated as GA-S-S-AS nanoparticles(NPs),characterized by straightforward preparation,high drug loading,fluorescence imaging,tumor-targeting,and responsive drug release in reducing environments.Specifically,the hydrophobic GA was covalently linked to the hydrophilic aptamer through a disulfide bond and then self-assembled into the nanodrugs.About 92 % of drug was encapsulated in self-assembled NPs,demonstrating remarkable stability under physiological conditions and controlled release of GA in the high-glutathione environment characteristic of tumor sites.Furthermore,by utilizing the synergistic interaction between the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR) effect and ligand-receptor active targeting mechanisms,the nanodrugs significantly increased the accumulation of GA at tumor locations.Consequently,the nanodrugs exhibited optimal therapeutic efficacy against the tumor both in vitro and in vivo,significantly inhibiting tumor growth.Furthermore,the nanodrugs demonstrated enhanced biosafety compared to free GA,effectively reducing GA-induced hepatotoxicity.Taken together,these findings underscore the significant potential of this multifunctional carrier-free nanodrugs for the targeted delivery of GA,thereby laying a foundation for future endeavors aimed at developing novel formulations of hydrophobic antitumor drugs.
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176058)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(24DX1400200,23ZR1416100,25ZR1401082)+1 种基金the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B16017)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(222201717003)。
文摘Controllable photoreaction transition of photosensitizers(PSs)provides a highly promising approach for achieving efficient photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,tumor microenvironment-triggered phototransition remains a significant challenge and has not yet been reported.In this work,we develop a hydrogen bond self-assembly(HBSA)strategy that is triggered by the acidic tumor microenvironment to enable the photodynamic transition of tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin(TCPP)PSs from type Ⅱ to type Ⅰ reactions.Upon self-assembly of TCPP monomers into TCPP assemblies(TCPP-ass),the generated reactive oxygen species shift from singlet oxygen to superoxide anions,which induces caspase-3/GSDME-mediated programmed pyroptosis,enabling rapid and complete solid tumor elimination with minimized adverse effects and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.Crucially,the HBSA process occurs exclusively within tumor cells,and this tumor-specific self-assembly strategy not only utilizes high tissue penetration of TCPP molecular-PSs,but also avoids phototoxicity caused by the formation and accumulation of TCPP-ass nano-PSs in normal tissue,providing an innovative approach for precise cancer therapy.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292the Plans for Major Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province,No.202303a07020003the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202401.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21921003 for Z.T.L.and 22201293 for S.B.Y.)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1458300 for S.B.Y.)for financial support。
文摘Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments reveal that both SOFs can undergo reversible assembly and disassembly at room temperature.One of the SOFs displays unprecedently high maximum tolerated dose of 120 mg/kg with mice,which improves by 40%compared with the highest value of the reported SOFs.In vitro and in vivo tests show that the SOF can adsorb doxorubicin and overcome the resistance of multidrugresistant MDR A549/ADR tumor cells to realize intracellular delivery,leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.Moreover,it can also completely inhibit the posttreatment phototoxicity of photofrin and fully neutralize the anticoagulation of both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins through efficient inclusion and elimination or sequestration mechanism.As the first examples that undergo roomtemperature reversible assembly and disassembly,the new SOFs in principle allow for quantitative analysis of the molecular components in the body that is prerequisite for preclinical evaluation in the future.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551,32030085)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(2021hszd015)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project,China(2023BBA002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Youth Fund(32422072)。
文摘Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.
基金support and funding by the European Union-Next Generation EU under the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) National Innovation Ecosystem (No.ECS00000041-VITALITY and also “Ecosistema TECH4YOU-(Spoke 3-Goal 3.5)MUR is thanked for PRIN-PNRR 2022 project "P2022XKWH7-Circular Waste+3 种基金The University of Perugia is acknowledged for financial support to the university project “Fondo Ricerca di Ateneo,edizione 2022”The National Ph D program in Catalysis coordinated by the University of Perugia is also thankedthe financial supports of key research and development and technology transfer projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No.2025KJHZ0008)major special projects of science and technology of Ordos (No.2022EEDSKJZDZX003)。
文摘Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold.Catalyzed direct Csp^(2)-H functionalization provides an effective and costefficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials,ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy.This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp^(2)-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.
基金Supported by Putuo District Science and Technology R&D Platform Project,Shanghai(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD)based on network pharmacology.[Methods]Firstly,we reviewed the existing research progress on each constituent drug of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch for FD improvement.Following this,identified overlapping genes were utilized to construct both a"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network and a Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)network specific to the patch.In addition,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis was carried out.[Results]We identified that the 13 herbs in the Jineijin Shanzha Patch are mainly used for food stagnation,qi stagnation,and spleen deficiency.Screening revealed 43 active patch components,1414 FD-related targets,and 284 shared targets between them.The PPI network analysis further identified the top 10 core targets from these shared targets.From the"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network,we identified the core elements.These included the herbal components Vignae Semen(from Liushenqu),Crataegi Fructus,and Pseudostellariae Radix;the active components quercetin,genistein,and apigenin;and the key targets CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.GO analysis of the 284 overlapping targets indicated that the Jineijin Shanzha Patch may exert its therapeutic effects via regulation of biological processes such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway.[Conclusions]The main active components of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch(quercetin,genistein,and apigenin)may improve FD by modulating signaling pathways such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway,thereby acting on key targets including CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82172140。
文摘Background:Targeted delivery of biological macromolecules to the small intestine remains challenging due to their susceptibility to degradation in the hostile gastric environment.Methods:This study introduces a minimally invasive,in situ injection technique for the murine small intestine that facilitates localized luminal delivery while circumventing gastric barriers.The procedure involves a small abdominal incision for direct injection into the duodenum near the pylorus.Postsurgical monitoring of physiological parameters,systemic inflammatory markers,liver function,and intestinal integrity was conducted over 72 h.Histopathological analysis was performed.The delivery of the functional protein TAT-EGFP(Tat protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein)to intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated and compared with oral gavage.As a proof of concept,single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestinal epithelium was performed after high-mobility group box 1 administration.Results:Postsurgical monitoring indicated only transient,anesthesia-related hypo-thermia and minor behavioral alterations.No significant changes were observed over 72 h in body weight,core temperature,clinical severity scores,systemic inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein and leukocytes),liver function(alanine aminotransferase),or intestinal integrity.Histopathological analysis confirmed preserved tissue architec-ture and normal digestive,absorptive,and barrier functions.The model successfully delivered TAT-EGFP to intestinal epithelial cells,an outcome not achievable via oral gavage due to gastric degradation.Single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestinal epi-thelium after high-mobility group box 1 administration revealed inflammatory gene expression patterns in specific epithelial subpopulations.Conclusions:Compared to traditional methods such as oral gavage or organoid cul-ture,this technique offers precise,degradation-resistant delivery of macromolecules in a physiological context.The model's versatility makes it a powerful platform for intestinal research,with applications in drug delivery assessment,gene therapy evalu-ation,and host-microbiota interaction studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21801111)the Training Plan for Young Core Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province (No.2021GGJS131)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421232)the Heluo Young Talent Lifting Project (No.2023HLTJ02)。
文摘Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.
文摘The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and functional differentiation of microbial communities across different fermentation rounds remain unclear.Therefore,this study compared the differences in microbiota structure,environmental factors driving community assembly,and functional differentiations throughout 1–7 rounds(JC1–JC7)of pit fermentation in JFB production.Results showed that Lactobacillus dominated all rounds and complied with declining relative abundance from rounds JC1–JC7.The mould composition was similar in JC3–JC5 while the yeast structure in JC4 was found intermediate between JC3 and JC5.LEf Se analysis unveiled aroma-producing microorganisms as prominent biomarkers in JC1,strong enzyme-producing attributes in JC2,JC6,and JC7 biomarkers,and an enzyme and aroma-producing focus with robust tolerance in JC3–JC5 biomarkers.Acidity mainly regulated the microbial community in the first 4 rounds,with nutrient limitation drove microbial succession from the fifth round onward.Functional predictions underscored enriched amino acid metabolism enzymes in JC6 and JC1,while carbohydrate degradation exhibited predominant enzymatic profiles in JC2,JC6,and JC7.This study laid a foundation for comprehending community composition,succession,and flavor regulatory mechanisms throughout JFB brewing.
基金Supported by Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Laboratory,No.SZS2024016Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou,No.DZXYJ202413.
文摘BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.
基金financially supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(No.IMSIU-DDRSP2503)。
文摘Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control material grading and achieve the desired mechanical properties.The current study explores the design and optimisation of FGCSs for AM,with a focus on improving the compression and impact performance of below knee(BK)prosthetic limbs made of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).A multiscale research methodology integrating topology optimization(TO),finite element analysis(FEA),and design of experiments(Do E)was adopted to optimise lattice structures in terms of stiffness and lightweight properties.Two-unit cell designs were considered in the study:Schwarz P gyroid and body-centered cubic(BCC).Response surface methodology(RSM)was implemented to analyse the effect of minimum and maximum cell wall thickness,cell size,and unit cell type on the mechanical performance of TPU FGCS structures.The results indicated that a Schwarz P FGCS structure with cell size,minimum and maximum cell wall thickness of 6,0.9 and 2.8 mm,respectively,could be optimal for a compromise between performance and weight.In this optimized case,stiffness and volume fraction values of 684 N/mm and 0.64 were obtained,respectively.The study also presents a proof-of-concept design for a BK prosthetic damper,highlighting the potential of FGCSs to enhance patient comfort,reduce manufacturing costs,and enable personalised designs through 3D scanning and AM.The obtained results could be a step forward towards the incorporation of AM technologies in prosthetics,offering a pathway to lightweight,cost-effective,and functionally tailored solutions.
基金financially supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic Research(No.2023B0303000002)Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project(No.SGDX20230116091644003)+3 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage(No.ZDSYS20220401141000001)high-level special funds(No.G03034K001)the Guangxi Key Technologies R&D Program(AB23075171,AB25069180)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22265007,52263016)。
文摘With the escalating demand for safe,sustainable,and high-performance energy storage systems,hydrogel electrolytes have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries.By integrating the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes with the mechanical robustness of solid frameworks,hydrogel electrolytes offer distinct advantages in suppressing zinc dendrite formation,enhancing interfacial stability,and enabling reliable operation under extreme environmental conditions.This review systematically summarizes the fundamental characteristics and design criteria of hydrogel electrolytes,including mechanical flexibility,ionic transport capabilities,and environmental adaptability.It further explores various compositional design strategies involving natural polymers,synthetic polymers,and composite systems,as well as the incorporation of electrolyte salts and functional additives.In addition,recent advances in functional optimization,such as anti-freezing properties,self-healing abilities,thermal responsiveness,and biocompatibility,are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the review outlines the current challenges and proposes potential directions for future research.
基金funded by the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(231100310200)the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFF1103804).
文摘Liver diseases remain a global health crisis,with limited safe therapeutic options.Cornus officinalis,a traditional medicinal-edible plant,has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective potential.This review systematically summarizes its liver-protective mechanisms and explores its potential as a functional food.Data were collected from scientific databases such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Elsevier,Google Scholar,and relevant literature.Key bioactive compounds—including iridoids,polyphenols,and polysaccharides—contribute to hepatoprotection by mitigating oxidative stress,inflammation,steatosis,apoptosis,and by regulating gut microbiota.As critical quality markers,iridoids exhibit suboptimal bioavailability,necessitating targeted technological interventions—nanoencapsulation for liver-specific delivery and microbial fermentation for controlled aglycone conversion are proposed to enhance their pharmacokinetic properties and bioactivity.Future research could adopt encapsulation and fermentation technologies for C.officinalis processing,aiming to develop targeted functional food products with enhanced bioactivity of its active components.This review,for the first time,establishes a“component-pathway-integration”model,providing a theoretical framework for evidence-based CO-derived functional food development and highlighting the need for further research on iridoid metabolic transformation to advance liver health management.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Plan(No.2023YFB3209203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62333012,No.92248302)+3 种基金supported by Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Embodied Intelligence Robotics Technologythe Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 ProjectJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices。
文摘Wood,once regarded primarily as a structural material,possesses rich physicochemical complexity that has long been underexplored.In the context of industrialization and carbon imbalance,it is now emerging as a renewable and multifunctional platform for green nanotechnologies.Recent advances in wood nanotechnology have enabled the transformation of natural wood into programmable substrates with tailored nanoarchitectures,establishing it as a representative class of bio-based nanomaterials.This review systematically categorizes wood-specific nanoengineering strategies—including thermal carbonization,laser-induced graphenization,targeted delignification,nanomaterial integration,and mechanical processing—highlighting their mechanisms and impacts on wood's multiscale structural and functional properties.Importantly,these functionalization strategies can be flexibly combined in a modular,“Lego-like”manner,enabling wood to be reconfigured and optimized for diverse application scenarios.We summarize recent progress in applying functionalized wood to sustainable technologies such as energy storage(e.g.,metal-ion batteries,Zn-air systems,supercapacitors),water treatment(e.g.,adsorption,photothermal filtration,catalytic degradation),and energy conversion(e.g.,solar evaporation,ionic thermoelectrics,hydrovoltaics,and triboelectric nanogenerators).These studies reveal how nanoengineered wood structures can enable efficient charge transport,selective adsorption,and enhanced light-to-heat conversion.Finally,the review discusses current challenges—such as scalable fabrication,material integration,and long-term environmental stability—and outlines future directions for the development of wood-based platforms in next-generation green energy and environmental systems.
