The cochlea is one of the most complex organs in the human body,exhibiting a complex interplay of characteristics in acoustic,mechanical,electrical,and biological functions.Functional cochlea models are an essential p...The cochlea is one of the most complex organs in the human body,exhibiting a complex interplay of characteristics in acoustic,mechanical,electrical,and biological functions.Functional cochlea models are an essential platform for studying hearing mechanics and are crucial for developing next-generation auditory prostheses and artificial hearing systems for sensorineural hearing restoration.Recent advances in additive manufacturing,organ-on-a-chip models,drug delivery platforms,and artificial intelligence have provided valuable insights into how to manufacture artificial cochlea models that more accurately replicate the complex anatomy and physiology of the inner ear.This paper reviews recent advancements in the applications of advanced manufacturing techniques in reproducing the physical,biological,and intelligent functions of the cochlea.It also outlines the current challenges to developing mechanically,electrically,and anatomically accurate functional models of the inner ear.Finally,this review identifies the major requirements and outlook for impactful research in this field going forward.Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation,these functional cochlea models are poised to drive significant advancements in hearing treatments,and ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss.展开更多
Quantifying the post-earthquake functional recovery of railway stations presents significant challenges.This paper first establishes a post-earthquake function calculation method for railway stations,encompassing the ...Quantifying the post-earthquake functional recovery of railway stations presents significant challenges.This paper first establishes a post-earthquake function calculation method for railway stations,encompassing the establishment of relationships between the station’s function and the damage state,function loss,and failure probability of components and professional equipment in each layer.Also,the“4 stages-6 sequences”post-earthquake repair method is present,taking into account the functional and structural characteristics of railway stations.Additionally,a novel piecewise function for the post-earthquake functional dynamic recovery of railway stations is developed.A case study is conducted on a typical railway station to demonstrate the analysis procedure.Results indicate that under fortification,rare,and extremely rare earthquake scenarios,the interlayer drift ratio(IDR)of the railway station were 1/276,1/143,and 1/52,respectively,and corresponding peak floor acceleration(PFA)were 6.31 m/s^(2),7.82 m/s^(2),and 8.57 m/s^(2),respectively.The post-earthquake function of the railway station was 93.21%,82.33%,and 64.16%of its initial function.The repair times were 6.66 days,18.65 days,and 37.42 days.The displacement-sensitive,non-structural components were identified as the most vulnerable to damage.And the first repair stage(R_(1))which was mainly used to repair structural components and non-structural transport components,accounted for the highest proportion of total repair time.展开更多
This paper proposed a new systematic approach-functional evidential reasoning model(FERM) for exploring hazardous chemical operational accidents under uncertainty. First, FERM was introduced to identify various causal...This paper proposed a new systematic approach-functional evidential reasoning model(FERM) for exploring hazardous chemical operational accidents under uncertainty. First, FERM was introduced to identify various causal factors and their performance changes in hazardous chemical operational accidents, along with determining the functional failure link relationships. Subsequently, FERM was employed to elucidate both qualitative and quantitative operational accident information within a unified framework, which could be regarded as the input of information fusion to obtain the fuzzy belief distribution of each cause factor. Finally, the derived risk values of the causal factors were ranked while constructing multi-level accident causation chains to unveil the weak links in system functionality and the primary roots of operational accidents. Using the specific case of the “1·15” major explosion and fire accident at Liaoning Panjin Haoye Chemical Co., Ltd., seven causal factors and their corresponding performance changes were identified. Additionally, five accident causation chains were uncovered based on the fuzzy joint distribution of the functional assessment level(FAL) and reliability distribution(RD),revealing an overall increase in risk along the accident evolution path. The research findings demonstrated that FERM enabled the effective characterization, rational quantification and accurate analysis of the inherent uncertainties in hazardous chemical operational accident risks from a systemic perspective.展开更多
Empirical functional models for the maximum and minimum detectable deformation gradient of PALSAR interferometry were established based on coherence and discrete look numbers. Then, a least square regression method wa...Empirical functional models for the maximum and minimum detectable deformation gradient of PALSAR interferometry were established based on coherence and discrete look numbers. Then, a least square regression method was used to fit the model coefficients and thus obtain the generalized functional models for both coherence and look numbers. The experimental results with ALOS PALSAR data of Wenchuan earthquake of China show that the new model works well for judging whether the deformation gradient can be detected by the D-InSAR technology or not. The results can help researchers to choose PALSAR data and to configure processing parameters, and also benefit the interpretation of the measured surface deformation.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of the history, modifications, characteristics, and applications of two well known dielectric function models ——the Forouhi-Bloomer model and the Tauc-Lorentz model——which have been...This paper presents an overview of the history, modifications, characteristics, and applications of two well known dielectric function models ——the Forouhi-Bloomer model and the Tauc-Lorentz model——which have been widely used for the extraction and parameterization of optical constants in semiconductors and dielectrics. Based on analysis of their inherent characteristics and comparison via demonstrative examples, deeper and wider usage of the two models is predicted.展开更多
From the process of sedimentation the mathematical relationships among deposition Volume and powder properties as well as sedimentation parameters were deduced. Based on the formula a mathematical model was set up and...From the process of sedimentation the mathematical relationships among deposition Volume and powder properties as well as sedimentation parameters were deduced. Based on the formula a mathematical model was set up and simulated through the computer. At last the validity of mathematical model was supported by the representative experiment on Ti-Mo system FGM prepared by co-sedimentation.展开更多
The Auto-Transformer Rectifier Unit（ATRU） is one preferred solution for high-power AC/DC power conversion in aircraft. This is mainly due to its simple structure, high reliability and reduced k VA ratings. Indeed, t...The Auto-Transformer Rectifier Unit（ATRU） is one preferred solution for high-power AC/DC power conversion in aircraft. This is mainly due to its simple structure, high reliability and reduced k VA ratings. Indeed, the ATRU has become a preferred AC/DC solution to supply power to the electric environment control system on-board future aircraft. In this paper, a general modelling method for ATRUs is introduced. The developed model is based on the fact that the DC voltage and current are strongly related to the voltage and current vectors at the AC terminals of ATRUs. In this paper, we carry on our research in modelling symmetric 18-pulse ATRUs and develop a generic modelling technique. The developed generic model can study not only symmetric but also asymmetric ATRUs. An 18-pulse asymmetric ATRU is used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the developed model by comparing with corresponding detailed switching SABER models provided by our industrial partner. The functional models also allow accelerated and accurate simulations and thus enable whole-scale more-electric aircraft electrical power system studies in the future.展开更多
This paper presents a hybrid graded element model for the transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials （FGMs）. First, a Laplace transform approach is used to handle the time variable. Then, a f...This paper presents a hybrid graded element model for the transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials （FGMs）. First, a Laplace transform approach is used to handle the time variable. Then, a fundamental solution in Laplace space for FGMs is constructed. Next, a hybrid graded element is formulated based on the obtained fundamental solution and a frame field. As a result, the graded properties of FGMs are naturally reflected by using the fundamental solution to interpolate the intra-element field. Further, Stefest＇s algorithm is employed to convert the results in Laplace space back into the time-space domain. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is assessed by several benchmark examples. The results demonstrate well the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.展开更多
An improved coupling of numerical and physical models for simulating 2D wave propagation is developed in this paper. In the proposed model, an unstructured finite element model （FEM） based Boussinesq equations is ap...An improved coupling of numerical and physical models for simulating 2D wave propagation is developed in this paper. In the proposed model, an unstructured finite element model （FEM） based Boussinesq equations is applied for the numerical wave simulation, and a 2D piston-type wavemaker is used for the physical wave generation. An innovative scheme combining fourth-order Lagrange interpolation and Runge-Kutta scheme is described for solving the coupling equation. A Transfer function modulation method is presented to minimize the errors induced from the hydrodynamic invalidity of the coupling model and/or the mechanical capability of the wavemaker in area where nonlinearities or dispersion predominate. The overall performance and applicability of the coupling model has been experimentally validated by accounting for both regular and irregular waves and varying bathymetry. Experimental results show that the proposed numerical scheme and transfer function modulation method are efficient for the data transfer from the numerical model to the physical model up to a deterministic level.展开更多
High performance electromechanical equipment is widely used in various fields, such as national defense, industry and so on [ 1]. In addition, the technical level of high performance electromechanical equipment is the...High performance electromechanical equipment is widely used in various fields, such as national defense, industry and so on [ 1]. In addition, the technical level of high performance electromechanical equipment is the embodiment of the national level of science and technology.展开更多
Animal models are increasingly gaining values by cross-comparisons of response or resistance to clinical agents used for patients.However,many disease mechanisms and drug effects generated from animal models are not t...Animal models are increasingly gaining values by cross-comparisons of response or resistance to clinical agents used for patients.However,many disease mechanisms and drug effects generated from animal models are not transferable to human.To address these issues,we developed SysFinder（http：//lifecenter.sgst.cn/SysFinder）,a platform for scientists to find appropriate animal models for translational research.SysFinder offers a ＂topic-centered＂ approach for systematic comparisons of human genes,whose functions are involved in a specific scientific topic,to the corresponding homologous genes of animal models.Scientific topic can be a certain disease,drug,gene function or biological pathway.SysFinder calculates multi-level similarity indexes to evaluate the similarities between human and animal models in specified scientific topics.Meanwhile,SysFinder offers species-specific information to investigate the differences in molecular mechanisms between humans and animal models.Furthermore,SysFinder provides a userfriendly platform for determination of short guide RNAs（sgRNAs） and homology arms to design a new animal model.Case studies illustrate the ability of SysFinder in helping experimental scientists.SysFinder is a useful platform for experimental scientists to carry out their research in the human molecular mechanisms.展开更多
The successful launch of the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System(CYGNSS)has opened an unprecedented opportunity for rapid observation of Wind Speed(WS)across vast oceanic regions.However,considerable debate per...The successful launch of the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System(CYGNSS)has opened an unprecedented opportunity for rapid observation of Wind Speed(WS)across vast oceanic regions.However,considerable debate persists over the choice of input feature parameters for WS retrieval models based on CYGNSS data,and enhancing the accuracy of WS retrieval is a focal point of current research.To address the aforementioned problems,this study establishes a comprehensive CYGNSS wind speed retrieval feature parameter set through an in-depth analysis of CYGNSS data,thereby providing a reference and basis for selecting input features for WS retrieval models.Through this analysis,we identified three crucial observational features:the normalized bistatic radar cross section,leading edge slope,and signal-to-noise ratio.Using these features,we developed a WS retrieval model based on the geophysical model function for CYGNSS data.Furthermore,acknowledging the intrinsic interconnection between wind and wave dynamics,we incorporate significant wave height into the WS retrieval model to further improve the WS retrieval accuracy.Comparative assessments with datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,the Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite Scatterometer,and buoy WS data underscore the high accuracy of our model,demonstrating its utility as a valuable tool for research in ocean dynamics and marine environmental prediction.展开更多
Cancer cell lines have been used widely in cancer biology, and as biological or functional cell systems in many biomedical research fields. These cells are usually defective for many normal activities or functions due...Cancer cell lines have been used widely in cancer biology, and as biological or functional cell systems in many biomedical research fields. These cells are usually defective for many normal activities or functions due to significant genetic and epigenetic changes. Normal primary cell yields and viability from any original tissue specimens are usually relatively low or highly variable. These normal cells cease after a few passages or population doublings due to very limited proliferative capacity. Animal models(ferret, mouse, etc.) are often used to study virus-host interaction. However, viruses usually need to be adapted to the animals by several passages due to tropism restrictions including viral receptors and intracellular restrictions. Here we summarize applications of conditionally reprogrammed cells(CRCs), long-term cultures of normal airway epithelial cells from human nose to lung generated by conditional cell reprogramming(CR) technology, as an ex vivo model in studies of emerging viruses. CR allows to robustly propagate cells from non-invasive or minimally invasive specimens, for example, nasal or endobronchial brushing. This process is rapid(2 days) and conditional. The CRCs maintain their differentiation potential and lineage functions, and have been used for studies of adenovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, parvovirus, and SARS-CoV. The CRCs can be easily used for airliquid interface(ALI) polarized 3 D cultures, and these coupled CRC/ALI cultures mimic physiological conditions and are suitable for studies of viral entry including receptor binding and internalization, innate immune responses, viral replications, and drug discovery as an ex vivo model for emerging viruses.展开更多
Two mono iron complexes Fe（CO）2PR3（NN） （R = Cy （3）, Ph （4）, NN = o-phenylenediamine dianion ligand, N2H2Ph2-） derived from the ligand substitution of Fe（CO）3hPR3 by the NN ligand were isolated and structur...Two mono iron complexes Fe（CO）2PR3（NN） （R = Cy （3）, Ph （4）, NN = o-phenylenediamine dianion ligand, N2H2Ph2-） derived from the ligand substitution of Fe（CO）3hPR3 by the NN ligand were isolated and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. They have a similar first coordination sphere and oxidation state of the iron center as the [Fe]-hydrogenase active site, and can be a model of it IR demonstrated that the effect of the NN ligand on the coordinated CO stretch- ing frequencies was due to its excellent electron donating ability. The reversible protonation/deprotonation of the NN ligand was identified by infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory computation. The NN ligand is an effective proton acceptor as the internal base of the cysteine thiolate ligand in [Fe]-hydrogenase. The electrochemical properties of complexes 3, 4 were investigated by cyclic voltammograms. Complex 3 catalyzed the transfer hydrogenation of benzoquinone to hydroquinone effectively under mild conditions.展开更多
The general function of allusions is often thought to add clarity and significance to ideas and descriptions.However,it would be difficult to establish an exhaustive list of mutually exclusive category
Data of 44 glacier systems in China used in this paper were obtained from Chinese Glacier Inventories and the meteorological data were got from Meteorological Atlas of Plateau of west China. Based on the statistical a...Data of 44 glacier systems in China used in this paper were obtained from Chinese Glacier Inventories and the meteorological data were got from Meteorological Atlas of Plateau of west China. Based on the statistical analysis and functional model simulation results of the 44 glacier systems in China, the glacier systems were divided into extremely-sensitive glacier system, semi-sensitive glacier system, extremely-steady glacier system and semi-steady glacier system in terms of glacier system＇s level of water-energy exchange, rising gradient of the equilibrium line altitudes and retreating rate of area to climate warming, their median size and vertical span distribution, and their runoff characteristics to climate warming. Furthermore the functional model of glacier system to climate warming was applied in this paper to predict the average variation trends of the 4 types of glacier systems, which indicate that different sensitivity types of glacier systems respond to the climate warming differently.展开更多
Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and considered a mean of carbon sequestration. In this research, a sandy calcareous soil from the Farm of the College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, ...Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and considered a mean of carbon sequestration. In this research, a sandy calcareous soil from the Farm of the College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, was amended with either woody waste of Conocarpus erectus L.(CW) or the biochar(BC) produced from CW at rates of 0(control), 10, 30 and 50 g kg-1. The effects of the amendments on soil p H, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), CO2 emission and metabolic quotient(q CO2) of the sandy calcareous soil were studied in a 60-d incubation experiment. The results showed that the addition of CW led to a significant decrease in soil p H compared to the control and the addition of BC. The CO2-C emission rate was higher in the first few days of incubation than when the incubation time progressed. The cumulative CO2-C emission from the soil amended with CW, especially at higher rates, was higher(approximately 3- to 6-fold) than that from the control and the soil amended with BC. The BC-amended soil showed significant increases in CO2-C emission rate during the first days of incubation as compared to the non-amended soil, but the increase in cumulative CO2-C emission was not significant after 60 d of incubation. On the other hand, CW applications resulted in considerably higher cumulative CO2-C emission, MBC and DOC than the control and BC applications. With the exception of 0 day(after 1 h of incubation), both CW and BC applications led to lower values of q CO2 as compared to the control. The power function kinetic model satisfactorily described the cumulative CO2-C emission. Generally, the lowest values of CO2 emission were observed in the soil with BC, suggesting that the contribution of BC to CO2 emission was very small as compared to that of CW.展开更多
To obtain higher accurate position estimates, the stochastic model is estimated by using residual of observations, hence, the stochastic model describes the noise and bias in measurements more realistically. By using ...To obtain higher accurate position estimates, the stochastic model is estimated by using residual of observations, hence, the stochastic model describes the noise and bias in measurements more realistically. By using GPS data and broadcast ephemeris, the numerical results indicating the accurate position estimates at sub-meter level are obtainable.展开更多
Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid method.The results indicate that the melt...Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid method.The results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1970-2000 in the whole Qangtang Plateau.However,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western China.We estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1970-2000 in the Qangtang Plateau.Furthermore,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged.展开更多
Based on the bat algorithm(BA), this paper proposes a discrete BA(DBA) approach to optimize the disassembly sequence planning(DSP) problem, for the purpose of obtaining an optimum disassembly sequence(ODS) of a produc...Based on the bat algorithm(BA), this paper proposes a discrete BA(DBA) approach to optimize the disassembly sequence planning(DSP) problem, for the purpose of obtaining an optimum disassembly sequence(ODS) of a product with a high degree of automation and guiding maintenance operation. The BA for solving continuous problems is introduced, and combining with mathematical formulations, the BA is reformed to be the DBA for DSP problems. The fitness function model(FFM) is built to evaluate the quality of disassembly sequences. The optimization performance of the DBA is tested and verified by an application case, and the DBA is compared with the genetic algorithm(GA), particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm and differential mutation BA(DMBA). Numerical experiments show that the proposed DBA has a better optimization capability and provides more accurate solutions than the other three algorithms.展开更多
基金support from the UCL GRS/ORS scholarshipUCL Fellowship Incubator Award+9 种基金supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre(NIHR203312)funded by the Royal National Institute for Deaf People(RNID,G100138)funded by the Rosetrees Trust Enterprise Fellowship(EF2020100099)RNID Flexigrant(F112)Wellcome Trust Developing Concept Fund(RG93172/BANCE/40181)by the Evelyn Trustfunded by the Woolf Fisher Trust,New Zealandthe Cambridge Commonwealth,European,&International Trustby Trinity CollegeUniversity of Cambridge。
文摘The cochlea is one of the most complex organs in the human body,exhibiting a complex interplay of characteristics in acoustic,mechanical,electrical,and biological functions.Functional cochlea models are an essential platform for studying hearing mechanics and are crucial for developing next-generation auditory prostheses and artificial hearing systems for sensorineural hearing restoration.Recent advances in additive manufacturing,organ-on-a-chip models,drug delivery platforms,and artificial intelligence have provided valuable insights into how to manufacture artificial cochlea models that more accurately replicate the complex anatomy and physiology of the inner ear.This paper reviews recent advancements in the applications of advanced manufacturing techniques in reproducing the physical,biological,and intelligent functions of the cochlea.It also outlines the current challenges to developing mechanically,electrically,and anatomically accurate functional models of the inner ear.Finally,this review identifies the major requirements and outlook for impactful research in this field going forward.Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation,these functional cochlea models are poised to drive significant advancements in hearing treatments,and ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52278534the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.2022NSFSC0423。
文摘Quantifying the post-earthquake functional recovery of railway stations presents significant challenges.This paper first establishes a post-earthquake function calculation method for railway stations,encompassing the establishment of relationships between the station’s function and the damage state,function loss,and failure probability of components and professional equipment in each layer.Also,the“4 stages-6 sequences”post-earthquake repair method is present,taking into account the functional and structural characteristics of railway stations.Additionally,a novel piecewise function for the post-earthquake functional dynamic recovery of railway stations is developed.A case study is conducted on a typical railway station to demonstrate the analysis procedure.Results indicate that under fortification,rare,and extremely rare earthquake scenarios,the interlayer drift ratio(IDR)of the railway station were 1/276,1/143,and 1/52,respectively,and corresponding peak floor acceleration(PFA)were 6.31 m/s^(2),7.82 m/s^(2),and 8.57 m/s^(2),respectively.The post-earthquake function of the railway station was 93.21%,82.33%,and 64.16%of its initial function.The repair times were 6.66 days,18.65 days,and 37.42 days.The displacement-sensitive,non-structural components were identified as the most vulnerable to damage.And the first repair stage(R_(1))which was mainly used to repair structural components and non-structural transport components,accounted for the highest proportion of total repair time.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2021YFB3301100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZY2406).
文摘This paper proposed a new systematic approach-functional evidential reasoning model(FERM) for exploring hazardous chemical operational accidents under uncertainty. First, FERM was introduced to identify various causal factors and their performance changes in hazardous chemical operational accidents, along with determining the functional failure link relationships. Subsequently, FERM was employed to elucidate both qualitative and quantitative operational accident information within a unified framework, which could be regarded as the input of information fusion to obtain the fuzzy belief distribution of each cause factor. Finally, the derived risk values of the causal factors were ranked while constructing multi-level accident causation chains to unveil the weak links in system functionality and the primary roots of operational accidents. Using the specific case of the “1·15” major explosion and fire accident at Liaoning Panjin Haoye Chemical Co., Ltd., seven causal factors and their corresponding performance changes were identified. Additionally, five accident causation chains were uncovered based on the fuzzy joint distribution of the functional assessment level(FAL) and reliability distribution(RD),revealing an overall increase in risk along the accident evolution path. The research findings demonstrated that FERM enabled the effective characterization, rational quantification and accurate analysis of the inherent uncertainties in hazardous chemical operational accident risks from a systemic perspective.
基金Projects(41222227,U1231105)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(13JJ1006)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Empirical functional models for the maximum and minimum detectable deformation gradient of PALSAR interferometry were established based on coherence and discrete look numbers. Then, a least square regression method was used to fit the model coefficients and thus obtain the generalized functional models for both coherence and look numbers. The experimental results with ALOS PALSAR data of Wenchuan earthquake of China show that the new model works well for judging whether the deformation gradient can be detected by the D-InSAR technology or not. The results can help researchers to choose PALSAR data and to configure processing parameters, and also benefit the interpretation of the measured surface deformation.
文摘This paper presents an overview of the history, modifications, characteristics, and applications of two well known dielectric function models ——the Forouhi-Bloomer model and the Tauc-Lorentz model——which have been widely used for the extraction and parameterization of optical constants in semiconductors and dielectrics. Based on analysis of their inherent characteristics and comparison via demonstrative examples, deeper and wider usage of the two models is predicted.
文摘From the process of sedimentation the mathematical relationships among deposition Volume and powder properties as well as sedimentation parameters were deduced. Based on the formula a mathematical model was set up and simulated through the computer. At last the validity of mathematical model was supported by the representative experiment on Ti-Mo system FGM prepared by co-sedimentation.
文摘The Auto-Transformer Rectifier Unit（ATRU） is one preferred solution for high-power AC/DC power conversion in aircraft. This is mainly due to its simple structure, high reliability and reduced k VA ratings. Indeed, the ATRU has become a preferred AC/DC solution to supply power to the electric environment control system on-board future aircraft. In this paper, a general modelling method for ATRUs is introduced. The developed model is based on the fact that the DC voltage and current are strongly related to the voltage and current vectors at the AC terminals of ATRUs. In this paper, we carry on our research in modelling symmetric 18-pulse ATRUs and develop a generic modelling technique. The developed generic model can study not only symmetric but also asymmetric ATRUs. An 18-pulse asymmetric ATRU is used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the developed model by comparing with corresponding detailed switching SABER models provided by our industrial partner. The functional models also allow accelerated and accurate simulations and thus enable whole-scale more-electric aircraft electrical power system studies in the future.
文摘This paper presents a hybrid graded element model for the transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials （FGMs）. First, a Laplace transform approach is used to handle the time variable. Then, a fundamental solution in Laplace space for FGMs is constructed. Next, a hybrid graded element is formulated based on the obtained fundamental solution and a frame field. As a result, the graded properties of FGMs are naturally reflected by using the fundamental solution to interpolate the intra-element field. Further, Stefest＇s algorithm is employed to convert the results in Laplace space back into the time-space domain. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is assessed by several benchmark examples. The results demonstrate well the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51079023 and 51221961)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant Nos.2013CB036101 and 2011CB013703)
文摘An improved coupling of numerical and physical models for simulating 2D wave propagation is developed in this paper. In the proposed model, an unstructured finite element model （FEM） based Boussinesq equations is applied for the numerical wave simulation, and a 2D piston-type wavemaker is used for the physical wave generation. An innovative scheme combining fourth-order Lagrange interpolation and Runge-Kutta scheme is described for solving the coupling equation. A Transfer function modulation method is presented to minimize the errors induced from the hydrodynamic invalidity of the coupling model and/or the mechanical capability of the wavemaker in area where nonlinearities or dispersion predominate. The overall performance and applicability of the coupling model has been experimentally validated by accounting for both regular and irregular waves and varying bathymetry. Experimental results show that the proposed numerical scheme and transfer function modulation method are efficient for the data transfer from the numerical model to the physical model up to a deterministic level.
文摘High performance electromechanical equipment is widely used in various fields, such as national defense, industry and so on [ 1]. In addition, the technical level of high performance electromechanical equipment is the embodiment of the national level of science and technology.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2015AA020104)the National Key Research and Development Program on Precision Medicine(No.2016YFC0901700)+6 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2011CB910204,2011CB510102,and 2010CB529200)the National Key Technology Support Program (No.2013BA1101B09)the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project(No.2012YQ03026108)the National Grand Program on Key Infectious Diseases(No. 2015ZX10004801)the Medical-Engineering Cross Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2016MS33)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASthe National Institutes of Health grants(Nos.R01HL117491 and R01HL129778 to Y.E.C)
文摘Animal models are increasingly gaining values by cross-comparisons of response or resistance to clinical agents used for patients.However,many disease mechanisms and drug effects generated from animal models are not transferable to human.To address these issues,we developed SysFinder（http：//lifecenter.sgst.cn/SysFinder）,a platform for scientists to find appropriate animal models for translational research.SysFinder offers a ＂topic-centered＂ approach for systematic comparisons of human genes,whose functions are involved in a specific scientific topic,to the corresponding homologous genes of animal models.Scientific topic can be a certain disease,drug,gene function or biological pathway.SysFinder calculates multi-level similarity indexes to evaluate the similarities between human and animal models in specified scientific topics.Meanwhile,SysFinder offers species-specific information to investigate the differences in molecular mechanisms between humans and animal models.Furthermore,SysFinder provides a userfriendly platform for determination of short guide RNAs（sgRNAs） and homology arms to design a new animal model.Case studies illustrate the ability of SysFinder in helping experimental scientists.SysFinder is a useful platform for experimental scientists to carry out their research in the human molecular mechanisms.
基金The Fund of Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application,Ministry of Natural Resources under contract No.2023CFO016the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.61931025the Key Program of Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shandong Province under contract No.U22A20586.
文摘The successful launch of the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System(CYGNSS)has opened an unprecedented opportunity for rapid observation of Wind Speed(WS)across vast oceanic regions.However,considerable debate persists over the choice of input feature parameters for WS retrieval models based on CYGNSS data,and enhancing the accuracy of WS retrieval is a focal point of current research.To address the aforementioned problems,this study establishes a comprehensive CYGNSS wind speed retrieval feature parameter set through an in-depth analysis of CYGNSS data,thereby providing a reference and basis for selecting input features for WS retrieval models.Through this analysis,we identified three crucial observational features:the normalized bistatic radar cross section,leading edge slope,and signal-to-noise ratio.Using these features,we developed a WS retrieval model based on the geophysical model function for CYGNSS data.Furthermore,acknowledging the intrinsic interconnection between wind and wave dynamics,we incorporate significant wave height into the WS retrieval model to further improve the WS retrieval accuracy.Comparative assessments with datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,the Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite Scatterometer,and buoy WS data underscore the high accuracy of our model,demonstrating its utility as a valuable tool for research in ocean dynamics and marine environmental prediction.
基金part support by a GUMC COVID-19 grant (to XL)the support from Center for Cell Reprogramming,GUMC。
文摘Cancer cell lines have been used widely in cancer biology, and as biological or functional cell systems in many biomedical research fields. These cells are usually defective for many normal activities or functions due to significant genetic and epigenetic changes. Normal primary cell yields and viability from any original tissue specimens are usually relatively low or highly variable. These normal cells cease after a few passages or population doublings due to very limited proliferative capacity. Animal models(ferret, mouse, etc.) are often used to study virus-host interaction. However, viruses usually need to be adapted to the animals by several passages due to tropism restrictions including viral receptors and intracellular restrictions. Here we summarize applications of conditionally reprogrammed cells(CRCs), long-term cultures of normal airway epithelial cells from human nose to lung generated by conditional cell reprogramming(CR) technology, as an ex vivo model in studies of emerging viruses. CR allows to robustly propagate cells from non-invasive or minimally invasive specimens, for example, nasal or endobronchial brushing. This process is rapid(2 days) and conditional. The CRCs maintain their differentiation potential and lineage functions, and have been used for studies of adenovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, parvovirus, and SARS-CoV. The CRCs can be easily used for airliquid interface(ALI) polarized 3 D cultures, and these coupled CRC/ALI cultures mimic physiological conditions and are suitable for studies of viral entry including receptor binding and internalization, innate immune responses, viral replications, and drug discovery as an ex vivo model for emerging viruses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21103121,21276187)Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(13JCQNJC05800)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20121317110009)~~
文摘Two mono iron complexes Fe（CO）2PR3（NN） （R = Cy （3）, Ph （4）, NN = o-phenylenediamine dianion ligand, N2H2Ph2-） derived from the ligand substitution of Fe（CO）3hPR3 by the NN ligand were isolated and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. They have a similar first coordination sphere and oxidation state of the iron center as the [Fe]-hydrogenase active site, and can be a model of it IR demonstrated that the effect of the NN ligand on the coordinated CO stretch- ing frequencies was due to its excellent electron donating ability. The reversible protonation/deprotonation of the NN ligand was identified by infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory computation. The NN ligand is an effective proton acceptor as the internal base of the cysteine thiolate ligand in [Fe]-hydrogenase. The electrochemical properties of complexes 3, 4 were investigated by cyclic voltammograms. Complex 3 catalyzed the transfer hydrogenation of benzoquinone to hydroquinone effectively under mild conditions.
文摘The general function of allusions is often thought to add clarity and significance to ideas and descriptions.However,it would be difficult to establish an exhaustive list of mutually exclusive category
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of the CAS, No.KZCX2-YW-301National Basic S&T Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,No.2006FY110200National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.4084002
文摘Data of 44 glacier systems in China used in this paper were obtained from Chinese Glacier Inventories and the meteorological data were got from Meteorological Atlas of Plateau of west China. Based on the statistical analysis and functional model simulation results of the 44 glacier systems in China, the glacier systems were divided into extremely-sensitive glacier system, semi-sensitive glacier system, extremely-steady glacier system and semi-steady glacier system in terms of glacier system＇s level of water-energy exchange, rising gradient of the equilibrium line altitudes and retreating rate of area to climate warming, their median size and vertical span distribution, and their runoff characteristics to climate warming. Furthermore the functional model of glacier system to climate warming was applied in this paper to predict the average variation trends of the 4 types of glacier systems, which indicate that different sensitivity types of glacier systems respond to the climate warming differently.
基金supported by the NSTIP Strategic Technologies Program(No.ENV1592-11)in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
文摘Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and considered a mean of carbon sequestration. In this research, a sandy calcareous soil from the Farm of the College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, was amended with either woody waste of Conocarpus erectus L.(CW) or the biochar(BC) produced from CW at rates of 0(control), 10, 30 and 50 g kg-1. The effects of the amendments on soil p H, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), CO2 emission and metabolic quotient(q CO2) of the sandy calcareous soil were studied in a 60-d incubation experiment. The results showed that the addition of CW led to a significant decrease in soil p H compared to the control and the addition of BC. The CO2-C emission rate was higher in the first few days of incubation than when the incubation time progressed. The cumulative CO2-C emission from the soil amended with CW, especially at higher rates, was higher(approximately 3- to 6-fold) than that from the control and the soil amended with BC. The BC-amended soil showed significant increases in CO2-C emission rate during the first days of incubation as compared to the non-amended soil, but the increase in cumulative CO2-C emission was not significant after 60 d of incubation. On the other hand, CW applications resulted in considerably higher cumulative CO2-C emission, MBC and DOC than the control and BC applications. With the exception of 0 day(after 1 h of incubation), both CW and BC applications led to lower values of q CO2 as compared to the control. The power function kinetic model satisfactorily described the cumulative CO2-C emission. Generally, the lowest values of CO2 emission were observed in the soil with BC, suggesting that the contribution of BC to CO2 emission was very small as compared to that of CW.
基金Supported by the National 863 Program of China （No.2006AA12Z325） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.40274005）.
文摘To obtain higher accurate position estimates, the stochastic model is estimated by using residual of observations, hence, the stochastic model describes the noise and bias in measurements more realistically. By using GPS data and broadcast ephemeris, the numerical results indicating the accurate position estimates at sub-meter level are obtainable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.40871043,40801025)the Project of National Scientific Basic Special Fund on the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2006FY110200)the Key Construction Disciplines of Hunan Province (No.40652001)
文摘Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid method.The results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1970-2000 in the whole Qangtang Plateau.However,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western China.We estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1970-2000 in the Qangtang Plateau.Furthermore,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged.
文摘Based on the bat algorithm(BA), this paper proposes a discrete BA(DBA) approach to optimize the disassembly sequence planning(DSP) problem, for the purpose of obtaining an optimum disassembly sequence(ODS) of a product with a high degree of automation and guiding maintenance operation. The BA for solving continuous problems is introduced, and combining with mathematical formulations, the BA is reformed to be the DBA for DSP problems. The fitness function model(FFM) is built to evaluate the quality of disassembly sequences. The optimization performance of the DBA is tested and verified by an application case, and the DBA is compared with the genetic algorithm(GA), particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm and differential mutation BA(DMBA). Numerical experiments show that the proposed DBA has a better optimization capability and provides more accurate solutions than the other three algorithms.
