In recent years,many studies have focused on the interaction between host genes and microbiota and their mutual influence(Bonder et al.,2016;Goodrich et al.,2014;Rothschild et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2016;Zhang et al.,20...In recent years,many studies have focused on the interaction between host genes and microbiota and their mutual influence(Bonder et al.,2016;Goodrich et al.,2014;Rothschild et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2016;Zhang et al.,2019).Host genetic variation influences the composition of the microbial community,for instance in inflammatory bowel disease,host genetic susceptibilities induce pathological shifts in microbiome composition.展开更多
Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).Ho...Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).展开更多
Juglans mandshurica is a kind of plant with medicinal value, nutrition and health care function, and has high economic value. Cloning of LFY gene is a kind of research method with biological function. In this study, J...Juglans mandshurica is a kind of plant with medicinal value, nutrition and health care function, and has high economic value. Cloning of LFY gene is a kind of research method with biological function. In this study, Juglans mandshurica was used as raw material to regulate the expression and influence the formation of corresponding DNA fragments through the specific genetic characteristics in cells. The flowering of Juglans mandshurica was cloned and screened by using DNA transfer technology, and the relevant LFY gene related to the flowering of Juglans mandshurica was determined to have an important impact on the growth and development stage of Juglans mandshurica, its key enzyme activities and physiological indicators, to shorten the growth cycle of Juglans mandshurica, and to make Juglans mandshurica blossom and bear fruit early.展开更多
A new fit of the pion parton distribution functions is provided. Only valence quark distributions are used at a low evolution scale and are evolved with the modified Dokshitzer- Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi equatio...A new fit of the pion parton distribution functions is provided. Only valence quark distributions are used at a low evolution scale and are evolved with the modified Dokshitzer- Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi equation which is briefly introduced in this work, and the sea quark and gluon distributions are only generated by the quantum chromodynamics processes. We find that the patton distributions can explain the pion-nucleon experiments data well, and it can also be compared with the data from the leading neutron data of experiments at HERA. The momentum distributions among the partons are discussed and our results are consistent with some models.展开更多
In this paper, the function of soil and water conservation of vegetation is studied. Firstly, the mechanism of its action is analyzed, and then the current research status is discussed, so as to determine the future r...In this paper, the function of soil and water conservation of vegetation is studied. Firstly, the mechanism of its action is analyzed, and then the current research status is discussed, so as to determine the future research direction. This has an important promoting effect on solving the current soil erosion phenomenon and ensuring the vegetation coverage.展开更多
CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a powerful tool for gene editing,and it has been widely used in plant functional genomics research and crop genetic breeding(Chen et al.2019).The target specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 relies on ...CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a powerful tool for gene editing,and it has been widely used in plant functional genomics research and crop genetic breeding(Chen et al.2019).The target specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 relies on the 20-base-pair single guide RNA(sgRNA),which makes creating plant-specific mutant libraries through large-scale synthesis of sgRNAs targeting multiple genes or even the whole genome relatively quick and straightforward.展开更多
In 2022 a report was published by the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)into the causes and implications of the pandemic.This adds to an earlier UNEP report into the pandemic.Each of these reports identifies a...In 2022 a report was published by the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)into the causes and implications of the pandemic.This adds to an earlier UNEP report into the pandemic.Each of these reports identifies a small number of important drivers for zoonotic emergence.While the two reports substantially agree,there are also some divergences,the discussion of which is the main purpose of this letter.Each report agrees that the farming of livestock to supply meat and other animal products is an underlying driver of potential zoonotic spillover.The chief difference between these reports,with regard to this aspect,concerns the word“protein”.The other important difference is that the later report identifies a potential role of laboratory and medical procedures contributing to zoonotic outbreaks and even to pandemics.Each of these differences are described.The letter concludes by discussing a recent WHO report that also warns of the risk of viral manipulation,and argues that this is an emerging topic relevant to One Health.展开更多
Free field to Eardrum Thansfer Function (FETF) is one of the major factors influencing the identification of the sound source direction. FETF can be employed to generate a Virtual Acoustic Space (VAS) by computer and ...Free field to Eardrum Thansfer Function (FETF) is one of the major factors influencing the identification of the sound source direction. FETF can be employed to generate a Virtual Acoustic Space (VAS) by computer and other equlpment. In this paper the methods to improve the measurement and estimation of FETF are approached. Least-mean-squares (LMS)method is much better than empirical FFT method. This paper also gives a sample description of excitation signals for measuring the impulse response of FETF.展开更多
Aims In forests,the herbaceous understory vegetation plays an important role for ecosystem functioning as it represents a significant component of total aboveground productivity.In addition,the herb layer contributes ...Aims In forests,the herbaceous understory vegetation plays an important role for ecosystem functioning as it represents a significant component of total aboveground productivity.In addition,the herb layer contributes to overall forest species richness and controls tree species regeneration.Vice versa,trees in the overstory control understory herb and shrub growth through competition for resources.Using an experimental forest plantation with manipulated tree richness,we asked to which degree tree species richness and identity affect herb layer composition,richness and productivity and how these relationships across strata change with abiotic environmental conditions and competition intensity.Methods In the context of the Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning project in subtropical China(BEF-China),we made use of the integrated BEFmod experiment arranged along a tree species richness gradient at two sites,with additional subplot treatments of phosphorus addition,herb layer weeding and no weeding.We recorded the understory vegetation and determined herb layer biomass production on a total of 201 subplots.Important Findings We found only minor effects of tree layer richness on herb layer species composition and no significant effect on herb layer richness or productivity yet.However,there were strong tree layer identity effects on all response variables,which were partly explained by differences in leaf area index and by a high share of woody species both in total herb layer species richness and biomass.There were strong treatment effects,which were largest in the‘no weeding’treatment but we did not find any treatment×tree layer richness interaction in herb layer responses.Thus,these effects are mainly explained by increased competition intensity within the herb layer in the absence of weeding.Despite the young age of the experiment,the interactions between tree species identity,tree richness and the herb layer did already emerge and can be expected to become stronger with ongoing runtime of the experiment.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC2000504, 2017YFD0500503 and 2017YFD0501000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770434 and 81370906)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program) (2007CB513007 and 2013CB531406)。
文摘In recent years,many studies have focused on the interaction between host genes and microbiota and their mutual influence(Bonder et al.,2016;Goodrich et al.,2014;Rothschild et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2016;Zhang et al.,2019).Host genetic variation influences the composition of the microbial community,for instance in inflammatory bowel disease,host genetic susceptibilities induce pathological shifts in microbiome composition.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Program,China (20240602032RC)the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZD001)+1 种基金the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZY012)the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission-Project for Improving the Independent Innovation Capacity of Major Grain Crops,China (2024C002)。
文摘Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).
文摘Juglans mandshurica is a kind of plant with medicinal value, nutrition and health care function, and has high economic value. Cloning of LFY gene is a kind of research method with biological function. In this study, Juglans mandshurica was used as raw material to regulate the expression and influence the formation of corresponding DNA fragments through the specific genetic characteristics in cells. The flowering of Juglans mandshurica was cloned and screened by using DNA transfer technology, and the relevant LFY gene related to the flowering of Juglans mandshurica was determined to have an important impact on the growth and development stage of Juglans mandshurica, its key enzyme activities and physiological indicators, to shorten the growth cycle of Juglans mandshurica, and to make Juglans mandshurica blossom and bear fruit early.
文摘A new fit of the pion parton distribution functions is provided. Only valence quark distributions are used at a low evolution scale and are evolved with the modified Dokshitzer- Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi equation which is briefly introduced in this work, and the sea quark and gluon distributions are only generated by the quantum chromodynamics processes. We find that the patton distributions can explain the pion-nucleon experiments data well, and it can also be compared with the data from the leading neutron data of experiments at HERA. The momentum distributions among the partons are discussed and our results are consistent with some models.
文摘In this paper, the function of soil and water conservation of vegetation is studied. Firstly, the mechanism of its action is analyzed, and then the current research status is discussed, so as to determine the future research direction. This has an important promoting effect on solving the current soil erosion phenomenon and ensuring the vegetation coverage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272670 and 31972986)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2023-YBNY-059)。
文摘CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a powerful tool for gene editing,and it has been widely used in plant functional genomics research and crop genetic breeding(Chen et al.2019).The target specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 relies on the 20-base-pair single guide RNA(sgRNA),which makes creating plant-specific mutant libraries through large-scale synthesis of sgRNAs targeting multiple genes or even the whole genome relatively quick and straightforward.
文摘In 2022 a report was published by the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)into the causes and implications of the pandemic.This adds to an earlier UNEP report into the pandemic.Each of these reports identifies a small number of important drivers for zoonotic emergence.While the two reports substantially agree,there are also some divergences,the discussion of which is the main purpose of this letter.Each report agrees that the farming of livestock to supply meat and other animal products is an underlying driver of potential zoonotic spillover.The chief difference between these reports,with regard to this aspect,concerns the word“protein”.The other important difference is that the later report identifies a potential role of laboratory and medical procedures contributing to zoonotic outbreaks and even to pandemics.Each of these differences are described.The letter concludes by discussing a recent WHO report that also warns of the risk of viral manipulation,and argues that this is an emerging topic relevant to One Health.
文摘Free field to Eardrum Thansfer Function (FETF) is one of the major factors influencing the identification of the sound source direction. FETF can be employed to generate a Virtual Acoustic Space (VAS) by computer and other equlpment. In this paper the methods to improve the measurement and estimation of FETF are approached. Least-mean-squares (LMS)method is much better than empirical FFT method. This paper also gives a sample description of excitation signals for measuring the impulse response of FETF.
基金the coordination team of the BEF-China project for their supportthe support of M.S.G.from the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig funded by the German Research Foundation(FZT 118)+1 种基金the Sino-German Centre for Research Promotion for the participation of M.S.G.in a Summer School in Jingdezhen(GZ 1146)funded by the German Research Foundation(DFG FOR 891/3)with a grant to A.E.(ER 573/1-3).
文摘Aims In forests,the herbaceous understory vegetation plays an important role for ecosystem functioning as it represents a significant component of total aboveground productivity.In addition,the herb layer contributes to overall forest species richness and controls tree species regeneration.Vice versa,trees in the overstory control understory herb and shrub growth through competition for resources.Using an experimental forest plantation with manipulated tree richness,we asked to which degree tree species richness and identity affect herb layer composition,richness and productivity and how these relationships across strata change with abiotic environmental conditions and competition intensity.Methods In the context of the Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning project in subtropical China(BEF-China),we made use of the integrated BEFmod experiment arranged along a tree species richness gradient at two sites,with additional subplot treatments of phosphorus addition,herb layer weeding and no weeding.We recorded the understory vegetation and determined herb layer biomass production on a total of 201 subplots.Important Findings We found only minor effects of tree layer richness on herb layer species composition and no significant effect on herb layer richness or productivity yet.However,there were strong tree layer identity effects on all response variables,which were partly explained by differences in leaf area index and by a high share of woody species both in total herb layer species richness and biomass.There were strong treatment effects,which were largest in the‘no weeding’treatment but we did not find any treatment×tree layer richness interaction in herb layer responses.Thus,these effects are mainly explained by increased competition intensity within the herb layer in the absence of weeding.Despite the young age of the experiment,the interactions between tree species identity,tree richness and the herb layer did already emerge and can be expected to become stronger with ongoing runtime of the experiment.
