Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen...Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen their disc herniation and cause further pain and injury. LDH conditions impact the individuals’ quality of life, to explore the relationship between lumbar curve, muscle strength, fear of movement and functional disability among patients with LDH. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Springerlink, Google Scholar and a hand search from reference lists was reviewed. Publications were included in human studies, patients 25 - 85 years of age, original studies and published in English language journals from January 2002 to December 2023. Result: In total, 64 articles were researched through the online search engines, and 9 papers were found through manual searches of reference lists. As a result, a total of 11 articles were included for the purpose of this review. The comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of eight cross-sectional studies, two retrospective studies and one experimental study. A minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 360 participants were included. Ten studies included both genders, only one studies included healthy adults and patients with LDH but these studies didn’t mention gender. Results showed that the factors influencing LDH can be categorized into non-modifiable factors, such as gender, age, height or others. Modifiable factors included increased BMI, DM, smoking, alcohol, employment status, lifestyle and health problems or psychology. Conclusion: Females with greater VASC may be at risk of LDH. The lumbar extensor muscles indicated a localized disc herniation or nerve root pathology in patients with LDH. The fear of movement may lead to psychological consequences and reduce functional disability among patients with LDH.展开更多
Purpose: Although patient-related factors affect surgical outcomes, preoperative functional status is not measured by any cardiac risk score. Functional status can, however, be objectively measured using validated out...Purpose: Although patient-related factors affect surgical outcomes, preoperative functional status is not measured by any cardiac risk score. Functional status can, however, be objectively measured using validated outcome tools such as the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if there was a change over time in functional status, as measured by the LLFDI, in patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery, and if so, 2) what specific aspect(s) of functional status changed. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of one year was conducted on elective cardiac surgery patients (n = 43) using the self-reported LLFDI, which measures Disability Frequency (frequency of participation in social tasks), Disability Limitation (ability to participate in social tasks) and Function Total (ease in performing routine activities). Higher scores indicate increased function and decreased disability. LLFDI scores were compared at three times (preoperative, six-week and one-year postoperative) using repeated measures ANOVA. Post hoc pairwise comparison was conducted for specific interactions. Results: Both Function Total and Disability Frequency significantly changed over time (p = 0.047 and p = 0.013, respectively). Specifically, patients’ function level was significantly higher one-year postoperative compared to preoperative (M difference = +3.48, SE = 1.48, p = 0.026). Likewise, Disability Frequency scores were significantly higher (i.e. more active) at one-year postoperative versus preoperative (M difference= +5.98, SE = 2.19, p = 0.033). Disability Limitation scores were not significantly different between any time points (p > 0.05). Conclusion: By one-year postoperative, patients demonstrated increased ease in their routine physical activities and were more participatory in social life tasks. Individuals who underwent elective cardiac surgery took more than six weeks to detect notable improvement in functional status, which was expected with a sternotomy approach. This study provides support for the use of the LLFDI as an effective tool to capture functional status in the cardiac population. These findings may assist cardiac patients in recovery timeline expectations.展开更多
We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with left shoulder paresis caused by a herpes zoster infection of the left C5 dermatomes. The patient had been affected by pain for 10 days, a skin rash on his left shoulder a...We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with left shoulder paresis caused by a herpes zoster infection of the left C5 dermatomes. The patient had been affected by pain for 10 days, a skin rash on his left shoulder and back for 5 days, and weakness of his left shoulder for 2 days before admission. Eiectromyography revealed denervation discharges from the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus and deltoid muscles, which was compatible with radiculopathy showing after zoster infection. The patient was examined in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and treated with range-of-movement and strengthening exercises as well as activities of daily living and social participation. At 14 months after the onset of the condition, muscle strength had returned to normal. Electromyography revealed that motor unit action potentials were largely normal. These results indicate that the rehabilitation of paresis caused by herpes zoster can obtain positive results with suitable movement training.展开更多
Background The current method for generating an animal model of spinal cord(SC)infarction is highly invasive and permits only short-term observation,typically limited to 28 days.Objective We aimed to establish a rat m...Background The current method for generating an animal model of spinal cord(SC)infarction is highly invasive and permits only short-term observation,typically limited to 28 days.Objective We aimed to establish a rat model characterised by long-term survival and enduring SC dysfunction by inducing selective ischaemic SC damage.Methods In 8-week old male Wistar rats,a convection-enhanced delivery technique was applied to selectively deliver endothelin-1(ET-1)to the anterior horn of the SC at the Th13 level,leading to SC infarction.The Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)locomotor score was assessed for 56 days.The SC was examined by a laser tissue blood flowmeter,MRI,immunohistochemistry,triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining,Western blots and TUNEL staining.Results The puncture method was used to bilaterally inject 0.7μL ET-1(2.5 mg/mL)from the lateral SC into the anterior horns(40°angle,1.5 mm depth)near the posterior root origin.Animals survived until day 56 and the BBB score was stably maintained(5.5±1.0 at day 14 and 6.2±1.0 at day 56).Rats with BBB scores≤1 on day 1 showed stable scores of 5-6 after day 14 until day 56 while rats with BBB scores>1 on day 1 exhibited only minor dysfunction with BBB scores>12 after day 14.TTC staining,immunostaining and TUNEL staining revealed selective ischaemia and neuronal cell death in the anterior horn.T2-weighted MR images showed increasing signal intensity at the SC infarction site over time.Western blots revealed apoptosis and subsequent inflammation in SC tissue after ET-1 administration.Conclusions Selective delivery of ET-1 into the SC allows for more precise localisation of the infarcted area at the targeted site and generates a rat SC infarction model with stable neurological dysfunction lasting 56 days.展开更多
AIM To identify the outcome measures that have been used in randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of exercise training in solid organ transplant(SOT) recipients and to link these outcomes to the International Classificat...AIM To identify the outcome measures that have been used in randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of exercise training in solid organ transplant(SOT) recipients and to link these outcomes to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF) framework.METHODS Electronic literature searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were performed. We sought RCTs that investigated the effect of exercise training in SOT recipients. Reference lists of all eligible publications were searched for other appropriate studies not identified by the electronic search. A complete list of outcome measures used in the RCTs was generated and each of these was linked to an ICF category.RESULTS Four hundred and thirteen articles were retrieved, of which 35 met our inclusion criteria. The studies included were designed to compare the effects of exercise training programs to usual care or to another exercise training program and reported on recipients of heart(n = 21), kidney(n = 9), lung(n = 3) or liver(n = 2) transplant. Of the 126 outcome measures identified, 62 were used as primary outcome measures. The most commonly occurring primary outcomes were aerobic capacity using the peak VO2(n = 13), quality of life using the shortform-36(n = 8), and muscle strength(n = 7). Theseoutcome measures were linked to 113 ICF categories and the majority of outcomes fall into the body function domain(n = 93). CONCLUSION There is little standardization in outcome measures used in RCTs of exercise interventions in SOT recipients. The ICF framework can be used to select a core set of outcomes that cross all domains of ICF and that would be appropriate to all SOT recipients.展开更多
Motor rehabilitation after hemiparetic stroke is essential to soften physical disability（Furlan,2014）.Nevertheless,current interventions are mostly designed for well recovered individuals and often exclude stroke su...Motor rehabilitation after hemiparetic stroke is essential to soften physical disability（Furlan,2014）.Nevertheless,current interventions are mostly designed for well recovered individuals and often exclude stroke survivors with rather limited motor ability（Sterr and Conforto,2012）.Given that,and further advancing our research agenda in this arena（Sterr et al.,2002;Sterr and Freivogel,2003,2004;Sterr,2004;Sterr et al.,2006;Sterr and Saunders,2006）,展开更多
Implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health （ICF） started in 2001 with the unanimous endorsement of the classification by the 54th World Health Organization （WHO） as a ...Implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health （ICF） started in 2001 with the unanimous endorsement of the classification by the 54th World Health Organization （WHO） as a framework for describing and measuring health and disability. In recent years, the ICF has been increasingly applied to research and development in China, and has influenced the policies of the Chinese Disabled Person Enterprise and Chinese Rehabilitation Career. This paper introduces the translation, training and spread of ICF and its application in the fields of medicine, society and education in China.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen their disc herniation and cause further pain and injury. LDH conditions impact the individuals’ quality of life, to explore the relationship between lumbar curve, muscle strength, fear of movement and functional disability among patients with LDH. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Springerlink, Google Scholar and a hand search from reference lists was reviewed. Publications were included in human studies, patients 25 - 85 years of age, original studies and published in English language journals from January 2002 to December 2023. Result: In total, 64 articles were researched through the online search engines, and 9 papers were found through manual searches of reference lists. As a result, a total of 11 articles were included for the purpose of this review. The comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of eight cross-sectional studies, two retrospective studies and one experimental study. A minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 360 participants were included. Ten studies included both genders, only one studies included healthy adults and patients with LDH but these studies didn’t mention gender. Results showed that the factors influencing LDH can be categorized into non-modifiable factors, such as gender, age, height or others. Modifiable factors included increased BMI, DM, smoking, alcohol, employment status, lifestyle and health problems or psychology. Conclusion: Females with greater VASC may be at risk of LDH. The lumbar extensor muscles indicated a localized disc herniation or nerve root pathology in patients with LDH. The fear of movement may lead to psychological consequences and reduce functional disability among patients with LDH.
文摘Purpose: Although patient-related factors affect surgical outcomes, preoperative functional status is not measured by any cardiac risk score. Functional status can, however, be objectively measured using validated outcome tools such as the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if there was a change over time in functional status, as measured by the LLFDI, in patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery, and if so, 2) what specific aspect(s) of functional status changed. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of one year was conducted on elective cardiac surgery patients (n = 43) using the self-reported LLFDI, which measures Disability Frequency (frequency of participation in social tasks), Disability Limitation (ability to participate in social tasks) and Function Total (ease in performing routine activities). Higher scores indicate increased function and decreased disability. LLFDI scores were compared at three times (preoperative, six-week and one-year postoperative) using repeated measures ANOVA. Post hoc pairwise comparison was conducted for specific interactions. Results: Both Function Total and Disability Frequency significantly changed over time (p = 0.047 and p = 0.013, respectively). Specifically, patients’ function level was significantly higher one-year postoperative compared to preoperative (M difference = +3.48, SE = 1.48, p = 0.026). Likewise, Disability Frequency scores were significantly higher (i.e. more active) at one-year postoperative versus preoperative (M difference= +5.98, SE = 2.19, p = 0.033). Disability Limitation scores were not significantly different between any time points (p > 0.05). Conclusion: By one-year postoperative, patients demonstrated increased ease in their routine physical activities and were more participatory in social life tasks. Individuals who underwent elective cardiac surgery took more than six weeks to detect notable improvement in functional status, which was expected with a sternotomy approach. This study provides support for the use of the LLFDI as an effective tool to capture functional status in the cardiac population. These findings may assist cardiac patients in recovery timeline expectations.
文摘We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with left shoulder paresis caused by a herpes zoster infection of the left C5 dermatomes. The patient had been affected by pain for 10 days, a skin rash on his left shoulder and back for 5 days, and weakness of his left shoulder for 2 days before admission. Eiectromyography revealed denervation discharges from the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus and deltoid muscles, which was compatible with radiculopathy showing after zoster infection. The patient was examined in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and treated with range-of-movement and strengthening exercises as well as activities of daily living and social participation. At 14 months after the onset of the condition, muscle strength had returned to normal. Electromyography revealed that motor unit action potentials were largely normal. These results indicate that the rehabilitation of paresis caused by herpes zoster can obtain positive results with suitable movement training.
文摘Background The current method for generating an animal model of spinal cord(SC)infarction is highly invasive and permits only short-term observation,typically limited to 28 days.Objective We aimed to establish a rat model characterised by long-term survival and enduring SC dysfunction by inducing selective ischaemic SC damage.Methods In 8-week old male Wistar rats,a convection-enhanced delivery technique was applied to selectively deliver endothelin-1(ET-1)to the anterior horn of the SC at the Th13 level,leading to SC infarction.The Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)locomotor score was assessed for 56 days.The SC was examined by a laser tissue blood flowmeter,MRI,immunohistochemistry,triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining,Western blots and TUNEL staining.Results The puncture method was used to bilaterally inject 0.7μL ET-1(2.5 mg/mL)from the lateral SC into the anterior horns(40°angle,1.5 mm depth)near the posterior root origin.Animals survived until day 56 and the BBB score was stably maintained(5.5±1.0 at day 14 and 6.2±1.0 at day 56).Rats with BBB scores≤1 on day 1 showed stable scores of 5-6 after day 14 until day 56 while rats with BBB scores>1 on day 1 exhibited only minor dysfunction with BBB scores>12 after day 14.TTC staining,immunostaining and TUNEL staining revealed selective ischaemia and neuronal cell death in the anterior horn.T2-weighted MR images showed increasing signal intensity at the SC infarction site over time.Western blots revealed apoptosis and subsequent inflammation in SC tissue after ET-1 administration.Conclusions Selective delivery of ET-1 into the SC allows for more precise localisation of the infarcted area at the targeted site and generates a rat SC infarction model with stable neurological dysfunction lasting 56 days.
文摘AIM To identify the outcome measures that have been used in randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of exercise training in solid organ transplant(SOT) recipients and to link these outcomes to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF) framework.METHODS Electronic literature searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were performed. We sought RCTs that investigated the effect of exercise training in SOT recipients. Reference lists of all eligible publications were searched for other appropriate studies not identified by the electronic search. A complete list of outcome measures used in the RCTs was generated and each of these was linked to an ICF category.RESULTS Four hundred and thirteen articles were retrieved, of which 35 met our inclusion criteria. The studies included were designed to compare the effects of exercise training programs to usual care or to another exercise training program and reported on recipients of heart(n = 21), kidney(n = 9), lung(n = 3) or liver(n = 2) transplant. Of the 126 outcome measures identified, 62 were used as primary outcome measures. The most commonly occurring primary outcomes were aerobic capacity using the peak VO2(n = 13), quality of life using the shortform-36(n = 8), and muscle strength(n = 7). Theseoutcome measures were linked to 113 ICF categories and the majority of outcomes fall into the body function domain(n = 93). CONCLUSION There is little standardization in outcome measures used in RCTs of exercise interventions in SOT recipients. The ICF framework can be used to select a core set of outcomes that cross all domains of ICF and that would be appropriate to all SOT recipients.
基金supported by the MRC,UK(G0200128,awarded to AS)the CAPES Foundation,Ministry of Education,Brazil(BEX 0996/14-9,awarded to LF)
文摘Motor rehabilitation after hemiparetic stroke is essential to soften physical disability（Furlan,2014）.Nevertheless,current interventions are mostly designed for well recovered individuals and often exclude stroke survivors with rather limited motor ability（Sterr and Conforto,2012）.Given that,and further advancing our research agenda in this arena（Sterr et al.,2002;Sterr and Freivogel,2003,2004;Sterr,2004;Sterr et al.,2006;Sterr and Saunders,2006）,
文摘Implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health （ICF） started in 2001 with the unanimous endorsement of the classification by the 54th World Health Organization （WHO） as a framework for describing and measuring health and disability. In recent years, the ICF has been increasingly applied to research and development in China, and has influenced the policies of the Chinese Disabled Person Enterprise and Chinese Rehabilitation Career. This paper introduces the translation, training and spread of ICF and its application in the fields of medicine, society and education in China.
