AIM： To investigate the association between ocular demodex folliculorum infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction（MGD）.METHODS： Eight-six patients with MGD were enrolled. All enr...AIM： To investigate the association between ocular demodex folliculorum infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction（MGD）.METHODS： Eight-six patients with MGD were enrolled. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence： ocular surface disease index（OSDI）, slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, corneal surface regularity index（SRI） and surface asymmetry index（SAI）, tear fluid collection, fluorescein tear film break-up time（F-BUT）, corneal fluorescein staining（CFS）, Schirmer I test（SIT） and demodex folliculorum counting. Tear matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-9 activity was assessed using MMP-9 activity assay kit.RESULTS： Among 86 MGD patients, 40 were positive for demodex. The ocular demodex-positive group showed significantly increased scores of OSDI（25.96±13.74 vs 18.07±11.55, P=0.01）, lid margin abnormality（2.38±0.87 vs 1.98±0.91, P=0.04） and CFS（1.28±2.00 vs 0.94±1.36, P=0.01） compared to the ocular demodex-free group. The tear MMP-9 activity was higher in the ocular demodex-positive group（102.9±32.4 ng/mL） than the ocular demodex-free group（46.2±19.2 ng/mL, P=0.03）. There was no significant difference in meibum quality and expressibility, SRI, SAI, F-BUT and SIT between the two groups（P〉0.05 for each）. No significant correlation was noted between the number of demodex and ocular surface parameters in demodexpositive MGD group（P〉0.05 for each）.CONCLUSION： Ocular demodex folliculorum infestation may be associated with ocular discomfort and ocular surface damage in MGD.展开更多
AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View ...AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View interferometer.METHODS:Forty cases were randomized into control group A and treatment group B;the latter received meibomian gland treatment 3d before phacovitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate before and after surgery.The average non-invasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTav),first noninvasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTf),non-invasive measured tear meniscus height(NTMH),meibomian gland loss(MGL),lipid layer thickness(LLT)and partial blink rate(PBR)were measured preoperatively and 1wk,1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS:The NITBUTav values of group A at 1wk(4.38±0.47),1mo(6.76±0.70),and 3mo(7.25±0.68)were significantly lower than those of group B(7.45±0.78,10.46±0.97,and 11.31±0.89;P=0.002,0.004,and 0.001,respectively).The NTMH values of group B at 1wk(0.20±0.01)and 1mo(0.22±0.01)were markedly higher than those of group A(0.15±0.01 and 0.15±0.01;P=0.008 and P<0.001,respectively);however,there was no difference at 3mo.The LLT of group B at 3mo[91.5(76.25-100.00)]significantly exceeded that of group A[65.00(54.50-91.25),P=0.017].No obvious intergroup difference was found in MGL or PBR(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Mild to moderate MGD dry eye worsens in the short term after phacovitrectomy.Preoperative cleaning,hot compresses,and meibomian gland massage as well as preoperative and postoperative sodium hyaluronate promote the rapid recovery of tear film stability.展开更多
AIM: To research the two homologous predicted proline -rich protein genes, Mus musculus predicted gene 4736 (MP4) and proline-rich protein BstNI subfamily 1 (Prb1) which were significantly upregulated in cultured corn...AIM: To research the two homologous predicted proline -rich protein genes, Mus musculus predicted gene 4736 (MP4) and proline-rich protein BstNI subfamily 1 (Prb1) which were significantly upregulated in cultured corneal organs when encountering fungal pathogen preparations. This study was to confirm the expression and potential functions of these two genes in ocular surface. METHODS: A Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis model was established in Balb/c mice. One day post infection, mRNA level of MP4 was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and MP4 protein detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Western blot using a customized polyclonal anti -MP4 antibody preparation. Lacrimal glands from normal mice were also subjected to IHC staining for MP4. An online bioinformatics program, BioGPS, was utilized to screen public data to determine other potential locations of MP4. RESULTS: One day after keratitis induction, MP4 was upregulated in the corneas at both mRNA level as measured using real -time PCR and protein levels as measured using Western blot and IHC. BioGPS analysis of public data suggested that the MP4 gene was most abundantly expressed in the lacrimal glands, and IHC revealed that normal murine lacrimal glands were positive for MP4 staining. CONCLUSION: MP4 and Prb1 are closely related with the physiology and pathological processes of the ocular surface. Considering the significance of ocular surface abnormalities like dry eye, we propose that MP4 and Prb1 contribute to homeostasis of ocular surface, and deserve more extensive functional and disease correlation studies.展开更多
Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are inexpensive and safe,but side reactions on the Zn anode and Zn dendrite growth hinder their practical applications.In this study,1,3,5-triformylphloroglycerol(Tp)and various diamine monomer...Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are inexpensive and safe,but side reactions on the Zn anode and Zn dendrite growth hinder their practical applications.In this study,1,3,5-triformylphloroglycerol(Tp)and various diamine monomers(p-phenylenediamine(Pa),benzidine(BD),and 4,4"-diamino-p-terphenyl(DATP))were used to synthesize a series of two-dimensional covalent-organic frameworks(COFs).The resulting COFs were named TpPa,TpBD,and TpDATP,respectively,and they showed uniform zincophilic sites,different pore sizes,and high Young's moduli on the Zn anode.Among them,TpPa and TpBD showed lower surface work functions and higher ion transfer numbers,which were conducive to uniform galvanizing/stripping zinc and inhibited dendrite growth.Theoretical calculations showed that TpPa and TpBD had wider negative potential region and greater adsorption capacity for Zn2+than TpDATP,providing more electron donor sites to coordinate with Zn^(2+).Symmetric cells protected by TpPa and TpBD stably cycled for more than 2300 h,whereas TpDATP@Zn and the bare zinc symmetric cells failed after around 150 and200 h.The full cells containing TpPa and TpBD modification layers also showed excellent cycling capacity at 1 A/g.This study provides comprehensive insights into the construction of highly reversible Zn anodes via COF modification layers for advanced rechargeable ZIBs.展开更多
Hydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering field.However,tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and hi...Hydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering field.However,tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and high mechanical properties.Inspired by Chinese ramen,we propose a universal fabricating method(printing-P,training-T,cross-linking-C,PTC&PCT)for tough hydrogel scaffolds to fill this gap.First,3D printing fabricates a hydrogel scaffold with desired structures(P).Then,the scaffold could have extraordinarily high mechanical properties and functional surface structure by cycle mechanical training with salting-out assistance(T).Finally,the training results are fixed by photo-cross-linking processing(C).The tough gelatin hydrogel scaffolds exhibit excellent tensile strength of 6.66 MPa(622-fold untreated)and have excellent biocompatibility.Furthermore,this scaffold possesses functional surface structures from nanometer to micron to millimeter,which can efficiently induce directional cell growth.Interestingly,this strategy can produce bionic human tissue with mechanical properties of 10 kPa-10 MPa by changing the type of salt,and many hydrogels,such as gelatin and silk,could be improved with PTC or PCT strategies.Animal experiments show that this scaffold can effectively promote the new generation of muscle fibers,blood vessels,and nerves within 4 weeks,prompting the rapid regeneration of large-volume muscle loss injuries.展开更多
BACKGROUND High-resolution optical coherence tomography(HR-OCT)has become an essential instrument in the screening and diagnosis of ocular surface neoplasms.Research demonstrates that HR-OCT possesses a diagnostic sen...BACKGROUND High-resolution optical coherence tomography(HR-OCT)has become an essential instrument in the screening and diagnosis of ocular surface neoplasms.Research demonstrates that HR-OCT possesses a diagnostic sensitivity ranging from 85%to 90%for ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN).The connections between HR-OCT features and histological findings have consistently shown robustness,hence increasing the reliability of clinical diagnosis.AIM To examine the existing HR-OCT indicators employed in the identification of common non-benign ocular surface tumors,namely,basal cell carcinoma,OSSN,and melanocytic conjunctival lesions,and to assess their diagnostic efficacy,benefits,and prospective developments.METHODS A thorough literature review was performed to assess the published research on HR-OCT in the diagnosis of ocular surface cancers.Significant attention was given to research that compares HR-OCT characteristics with histopath-ologic validation,as well as on publications addressing the integration of emerging technologies and artificial intelligence in ocular oncology imaging.RESULTS HR-OCT exhibits elevated diagnostic sensitivity(85%-90%)for identifying OSSN and presents distinct imaging patterns that align closely with histology results.This approach has substantial clinical advantages due to its non-invasive characteristics,improved axial resolution,and real-time imaging capabilities.HR-OCT has demonstrated potential in assessing various lesions,including basal cell carcinoma and melanocytic conjunctival malignancies.CONCLUSION HR-OCT assumes an increasingly vital role in the early identification and clinical management of ocular surface malignancies.With advancements in imaging technology and the integration of artificial intelligence,HR-OCT is anticipated to enhance individualized diagnosis and treatment planning in ocular oncology,hence improving patient outcomes.展开更多
The occurrence and development of ocular surface diseases are closely related to oxidative stress.Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)can lead to ocular surface cell damage and inflammatory responses...The occurrence and development of ocular surface diseases are closely related to oxidative stress.Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)can lead to ocular surface cell damage and inflammatory responses.As a new type of antioxidant,hydrogen-rich water(HRW)has shown intervention potential in ocular surface diseases such as dry eye and conjunctivitis by selectively scavenging toxic ROS,inhibiting inflammatory pathways,and protecting ocular surface cells.Combining basic mechanisms and clinical evidence,this article explores the application value of hydrogen-rich water in ocular surface diseases,providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related eye diseases.展开更多
AIM:To assess the possibility of using different large language models(LLMs)in ocular surface diseases by selecting five different LLMS to test their accuracy in answering specialized questions related to ocular surfa...AIM:To assess the possibility of using different large language models(LLMs)in ocular surface diseases by selecting five different LLMS to test their accuracy in answering specialized questions related to ocular surface diseases:ChatGPT-4,ChatGPT-3.5,Claude 2,PaLM2,and SenseNova.METHODS:A group of experienced ophthalmology professors were asked to develop a 100-question singlechoice question on ocular surface diseases designed to assess the performance of LLMs and human participants in answering ophthalmology specialty exam questions.The exam includes questions on the following topics:keratitis disease(20 questions),keratoconus,keratomalaciac,corneal dystrophy,corneal degeneration,erosive corneal ulcers,and corneal lesions associated with systemic diseases(20 questions),conjunctivitis disease(20 questions),trachoma,pterygoid and conjunctival tumor diseases(20 questions),and dry eye disease(20 questions).Then the total score of each LLMs and compared their mean score,mean correlation,variance,and confidence were calculated.RESULTS:GPT-4 exhibited the highest performance in terms of LLMs.Comparing the average scores of the LLMs group with the four human groups,chief physician,attending physician,regular trainee,and graduate student,it was found that except for ChatGPT-4,the total score of the rest of the LLMs is lower than that of the graduate student group,which had the lowest score in the human group.Both ChatGPT-4 and PaLM2 were more likely to give exact and correct answers,giving very little chance of an incorrect answer.ChatGPT-4 showed higher credibility when answering questions,with a success rate of 59%,but gave the wrong answer to the question 28% of the time.CONCLUSION:GPT-4 model exhibits excellent performance in both answer relevance and confidence.PaLM2 shows a positive correlation(up to 0.8)in terms of answer accuracy during the exam.In terms of answer confidence,PaLM2 is second only to GPT4 and surpasses Claude 2,SenseNova,and GPT-3.5.Despite the fact that ocular surface disease is a highly specialized discipline,GPT-4 still exhibits superior performance,suggesting that its potential and ability to be applied in this field is enormous,perhaps with the potential to be a valuable resource for medical students and clinicians in the future.展开更多
Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way t...Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way to accurately control the microscale engineered surface.In the last decade,many studies have been conducted to design and optimize MRMFSs for diverse applications,and significant progress has been accomplished.This review comprehensively presents recent advancements and the potential prospects in MRMFSs.We first classify MRMFSs into one-dimensional linear array MRMFSs,two-dimensional planar array MRMFSs,and dynamic self-assembly MRMFSs based on their morphology.Subsequently,an overview of three deformation mechanisms,including magnetically actuated bending deformation,magnetically driven rotational deformation,and magnetically induced self-assembly deformation,are provided.Four main fabrication strategies employed to create MRMFSs are summarized,including replica molding,magnetization-induced self-assembly,laser cutting,and ferrofluid-infused method.Furthermore,the applications of MRMFS in droplet manipulation,solid transport,information encryption,light manipulation,triboelectric nanogenerators,and soft robotics are presented.Finally,the challenges that limit the practical applications of MRMFSs are discussed,and the future development of MRMFSs is proposed.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the demographics,clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN)at the Philippine General Hospital.METHODS:This was a single-center,11-year ret...AIM:To evaluate the demographics,clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN)at the Philippine General Hospital.METHODS:This was a single-center,11-year retrospective,cross sectional case series on 18 cases of OSSN seen between January 2012 to June 2023.The patient’s demographics,presenting symptoms,tumor characteristics,histopathologic diagnosis,treatment,outcomes,and duration of follow-up were reviewed.RESULTS:Out of 33 identified cases of OSSN,only 18 were eligible for inclusion in the study.Mean age was 60.78y(range 31 to 80),with male predominance(66.67%).The left eye was most commonly affected(61.11%)with most presenting with fleshy mass(83.33%).Most tumors were located nasally(66.67%)and were predominantly papilliform(44.44%)in morphology with associated hyperpigmentation(38.89%).Squamous cell carcinoma(SCCA)was the most common histopathologic diagnosis(72.22%).The main primary treatment was surgical excision(94.44%)with or without adjunctive therapy,with only 1 patient undergoing first-line topical chemotherapy.Only 3 recurrences(16.67%)were noted with a median followup of 7.5mo.A statistically significant recurrence-free odds leaning towards the utilization of cryotherapy was noted.CONCLUSION:OSSN seen at the Philippine General Hospital is presented as a limbal papilliform mass,most commonly affecting elderly males.Surgical excision with adjuvant cryotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the preferred mode of treatment.展开更多
Topical chemotherapy is increasingly used to treat ocular surface tumors as a primary therapy and an adjuvant treatment after surgical excision.The most employed topical agents include mitomycin C(MMC),5-fluorouracil(...Topical chemotherapy is increasingly used to treat ocular surface tumors as a primary therapy and an adjuvant treatment after surgical excision.The most employed topical agents include mitomycin C(MMC),5-fluorouracil(5-FU),and interferon alpha-2b(IFNα2b),each with distinctmechanisms of action,efficacy profiles,and toxicity risks.Although these agents offer effective tumor control and allow for a non-invasive approach in many cases,ocular surface complications requiring medical or surgical management can occur.This summarizes the adverse effect and outilines practical strategies for their prevention and treatment.MMC is the most potent agent but also the most toxic,with reported complications such as limbal stemcell deficiency,punctal stenosis,and persistent epithelial defects.5-FU demonstrates a more favorable safety profile,although rare cases of corneal ulceration have been described.IFNα2b is well tolerated and associated primarily with mild,reversible reactions.The choice of the proper agent should be tailored according to patient’s clinical presentation,ocular surface status,and ability to adhere to therapy and followup.Timely recognition and management of complications are essential to minimize long-term sequelae.Reliance on compounded formulations highlights the need for stable,standardized,and commercially available topical agents specifically designed for ocular use to ensure safety,reproducibility,and global accessibility.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of a Chinese medicine formula“Qingxuan Runmu Yin”(QRY)on ocular surface inflammation in a rat model of dry eye,and its mechanism via the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/transforming growth ...AIM:To investigate the effects of a Chinese medicine formula“Qingxuan Runmu Yin”(QRY)on ocular surface inflammation in a rat model of dry eye,and its mechanism via the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/transforming growth factor kinase 1(TAK1)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK)signaling pathway.METHODS:Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=12 each):the control group,model group,3 groups of QRY(with low-,medium-,and high-doses),and SB203580 group.Dry eye was induced using benzalkonium chloride.Schirmer’s test(SIT)and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)were performed every 14d throughout the experiment.Histopathological changes in corneal and conjunctival tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining.Protein expression levels of key inflammatory markers and signaling pathway targets were assessed via immunohistochemistry,ELISA,and Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,the model group showed significant reductions in SIT and increases in CFS scores,alongside structural disorganization of corneal/conjunctival tissues,decreased conjunctival goblet cell(CGC)numbers,and elevated expression of inflammatory markers[interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-α),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9)]and pathway proteins(TLR4,p-TAK1,p-p38MAPK;P<0.05).Treatment with QRY(low,medium,and high doses)and SB203580 significantly improved SIT scores,reduced CFS scores,restored corneoconjunctival structure,increased CGC numbers,and decreased expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MMP9,TLR4,p-TAK1,and p-p38MAPK proteins compared to the model group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:QRY may alleviate ocular surface inflammation associated with dry eye by inhibiting the TLR4/TAK1/p38MAPK signaling pathway,highlighting its potential therapeutic efficacy for dry eye.展开更多
Ocular surface disease(OSD)can have a severe impact on patients as it can lead to visual impairment and persistent discomfort.Ocular surface reconstruction(OSR)is an approach to the management of ocular diseases that ...Ocular surface disease(OSD)can have a severe impact on patients as it can lead to visual impairment and persistent discomfort.Ocular surface reconstruction(OSR)is an approach to the management of ocular diseases that cause structural damage to the ocular surface.OSR encompasses both medical and surgical treatment options.In this review,we discuss the medical and surgical strategies used in OSR.Medical management often aims to treat tear insufficiency,inflammation,and keratinization.Surgical treatments may be employed for a variety of reasons,including failure of medical management.This may include improving the oculo-palpebral structures in order to improve lid positioning and tear film.Additional therapies focus on improving tear production,such as through salivary gland transplantation.In situations where the ocular surface is so severely damaged that there is loss of limbal stem cells,limbal stem cell transplant(LSCT)may be indicated.Other surgeries such as amniotic membrane transplant(AMT)and conjunctival flaps(CFs)can help promote corneal healing.Finally,in severe situations where the cornea is beyond salvage,corneal transplantation,such as a penetrating keratoplasty(PKP),can be considered.OSR often requires a combination of medical and surgical approaches targeted to each specific patient’s presentation in order to achieve optimal outcomes.展开更多
Ocular surface disease(OSD)encompasses a diverse range of disorders that impact the ocular tear film and integrity of the ocular surface including the cornea,conjunctiva,lacrimal glands,tear film and eyelids.As the ma...Ocular surface disease(OSD)encompasses a diverse range of disorders that impact the ocular tear film and integrity of the ocular surface including the cornea,conjunctiva,lacrimal glands,tear film and eyelids.As the main functions of the ocular surface are to maintain corneal transparency and hydration and protection of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium,the loss of ocular homeostasis leads to serious clinical manifestations.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the clinical features of the ocular surface in patients with different degrees of myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 122 participants with myopia in Beijing Tongren Hospi...AIM:To investigate the clinical features of the ocular surface in patients with different degrees of myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 122 participants with myopia in Beijing Tongren Hospital from February to June,2023.After completing the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)score scale,measurements were taken for refraction,biometric parameters and ocular surface parameters.The prevalence,severity and related parameters of the dry eye among different groups based on axial length(AL)were compared.Correlation analysis was performed between ocular surface parameters and refraction/biometric measurement parameters.RESULTS:Statistically significant differences were observed in refractive error,corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth,and subfoveal choroidal thickness among the groups(all P<0.05).With the increase in AL,the incidence and severity of dry eye increased significantly(P<0.05).Moreover,the tear film break-up time(BUT)shortened(P<0.05),and the corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)points increased significantly(P<0.05).OSDI scores were positively correlated with AL and spherical equivalent(SE;both P<0.05);BUT was negatively correlated with AL,SE,and corneal astigmatism(AST;all P<0.05);Schirmer I test(SIT)results were negatively correlated with AL and SE(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION:AL elongation is a risk factor for dry eye onset in myopic participants.The longer the AL,the more severe the dry eye is,with the increased CFS spots and tear film instability.Additionally,SE and AST exhibit negative correlations with dry eye symptom scores and ocular surface parameters.展开更多
Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or injury.The formation of corneal neuromas results from dam...Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or injury.The formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerves,such as following corneal pathology or corneal or intraocular surge ries.Initially,denervated areas of sensory nerve fibers become invaded by sprouts of intact sensory nerve fibers,and later injured axons regenerate and new sprouts called neuromas develop.In recent years,analysis of corneal nerve abnormalities including corneal neuromas which can be identified using in vivo confocal microscopy,a non-invasive imaging technique with microscopic resolution,has been used to evaluate corneal neuropathy and ocular surface dysfunction.Corneal neuromas have been shown to be associated with clinical symptoms of discomfort and dryness of eyes,and are a promising surrogate biomarker for ocular surface diseases,such as neuropathic corneal pain,dry eye disease,diabetic corneal neuropathy,neurotrophic keratopathy,Sjogren's syndrome,bullous keratopathy,post-refra ctive surgery,and others.In this review,we have summarized the current literature on the association between these ocular surface diseases and the presentation of corneal microneuromas,as well as elaborated on their pathogenesis,visualization via in vivo confocal microscopy,and utility in monitoring treatment efficacy.As current quantitative analysis on neuromas mainly relies on manual annotation and quantification,which is user-dependent and labor-intensive,future direction includes the development of artificial intelligence software to identify and quantify these potential imaging biomarkers in a more automated and sensitive manner,allowing it to be applied in clinical settings more efficiently.Combining imaging and molecular biomarkers may also help elucidate the associations between corneal neuromas and ocular surface diseases.展开更多
Titanium and its alloys have been widely applied in many biomedical fields because of its excellent mechanical properties,corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility.However,problems such as rejection,shedding and ...Titanium and its alloys have been widely applied in many biomedical fields because of its excellent mechanical properties,corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility.However,problems such as rejection,shedding and infection will occur after titanium alloy implantation due to the low biological activity of titanium alloy surface.The structures with specific functions,which can enhance osseointegration and antibacterial properties,are fabricated on the surface of titanium implants to improve the biological activity between the titanium implants and human tissues.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments and applications of surface functional structure in titanium and titanium alloy implants.The applications of surface functional structure on different titanium and titanium alloy implants are introduced,and their manufacturing technologies are summarized and compared.Furthermore,the fabrication of various surface functional structures used for titanium and titanium alloy implants is reviewed and analyzed in detail.Finally,the challenges affecting the development of surface functional structures applied in titanium and titanium alloy implants are outlined,and recommendations for future research are presented.展开更多
AIM:To invastigate intra-and interobserver reliability of interferometry,tear meniscus height(TMH)measurement and meibography(MBG)of an ocular surface analyzer,LacryDiag(Quantel Medical,France).METHODS:Five consecutiv...AIM:To invastigate intra-and interobserver reliability of interferometry,tear meniscus height(TMH)measurement and meibography(MBG)of an ocular surface analyzer,LacryDiag(Quantel Medical,France).METHODS:Five consecutive measurements and subsequent analysis of interferometry,TMH,and MBG were recorded by two examiners using the LacryDiag.To assess intra-and interobserver reliability,we used Cohen’s kappa for categorical variables(interferometry),or intraclass correlation coefficient for continuous variables(TMH,MBG).RESULTS:Thirty eyes of 30 examinees were included.For both observers,there was excellent intraobserver reliability for MBG(0.955 and 0.970 for observer 1 and 2,respectively).Intraobserver reliability for observer 1 was substantial for interferometry(0.799),and excellent for TMH(0.863).Reliability for observer 2 was moderate for interferometry(0.535)and fair to good for TMH(0.431).Interobserver reliability was poor for interferometry(0.074)and fair to good for TMH(0.680)and MBG(0.414).CONCLUSION:LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer in our study proves to be a reliable noninvasive tool for the evaluation of TMH and MBG.As for interferometry,poor interobserver reliability,fair to good intraobserver reliability for observer 1,and moderate for observer 2,leave room for improvement.展开更多
In order to reconstruct and render the weak and repetitive texture of the damaged functional surface of aviation,an improved neural radiance field,named TranSR-NeRF,is proposed.In this paper,a data acquisition system ...In order to reconstruct and render the weak and repetitive texture of the damaged functional surface of aviation,an improved neural radiance field,named TranSR-NeRF,is proposed.In this paper,a data acquisition system was designed and built.The acquired images generated initial point clouds through TransMVSNet.Meanwhile,after extracting features from the images through the improved SE-ConvNeXt network,the extracted features were aligned and fused with the initial point cloud to generate high-quality neural point cloud.After ray-tracing and sampling of the neural point cloud,the ResMLP neural network designed in this paper was used to regress the volume density and radiance under a given viewing angle,which introduced spatial coordinate and relative positional encoding.The reconstruction and rendering of arbitrary-scale super-resolution of damaged functional surface is realized.In this paper,the influence of illumination conditions and background environment on the model performance is also studied through experiments,and the comparison and ablation experiments for the improved methods proposed in this paper is conducted.The experimental results show that the improved model has good effect.Finally,the application experiment of object detection task is carried out,and the experimental results show that the model has good practicability.展开更多
Polarons are widely considered to play a crucial role in the charge transport and photocatalytic performance of materials,but the mechanisms of their formation and the underlying driving factors remain a matter of con...Polarons are widely considered to play a crucial role in the charge transport and photocatalytic performance of materials,but the mechanisms of their formation and the underlying driving factors remain a matter of controversy.This study delves into the formation of polarons in different crystalline forms of TiO_(2) and their connection with the materials'structure.By employing density functional theory calculations with on-site Coulomb interaction correction(DFT+U),we provide a detailed analysis of the electronic polarization behavior in the anatase and rutile forms of TiO_(2).We focus on the polarization properties of defect-induced and photoexcited excess electrons on various TiO_(2) surfaces.The results reveal that the defect electrons can form small polarons on the anatase TiO_(2)(101)surface,while on the rutile TiO_(2)(110)surface,both small and large polarons(hybrid-state polarons)are formed.Photoexcited electrons are capable of forming both small and large polarons on the surfaces of both crystal types.The analysis indicates that the differences in polaron distribution are primarily determined by the intrinsic properties of the crystals;the structural and symmetry differences between anatase and rutile TiO_(2) lead to the distinct polaron behaviors.Further investigation suggests that the polarization behavior of defect electrons is also related to the arrangement of electron orbitals around the Ti atoms,while the polarization of photoexcited electrons is mainly facilitated by the lattice distortions.These findings elucidate the formation mechanisms of different types of polarons and may contribute to understanding the performance of TiO_(2)in different fields.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81500693)
文摘AIM： To investigate the association between ocular demodex folliculorum infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction（MGD）.METHODS： Eight-six patients with MGD were enrolled. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence： ocular surface disease index（OSDI）, slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, corneal surface regularity index（SRI） and surface asymmetry index（SAI）, tear fluid collection, fluorescein tear film break-up time（F-BUT）, corneal fluorescein staining（CFS）, Schirmer I test（SIT） and demodex folliculorum counting. Tear matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-9 activity was assessed using MMP-9 activity assay kit.RESULTS： Among 86 MGD patients, 40 were positive for demodex. The ocular demodex-positive group showed significantly increased scores of OSDI（25.96±13.74 vs 18.07±11.55, P=0.01）, lid margin abnormality（2.38±0.87 vs 1.98±0.91, P=0.04） and CFS（1.28±2.00 vs 0.94±1.36, P=0.01） compared to the ocular demodex-free group. The tear MMP-9 activity was higher in the ocular demodex-positive group（102.9±32.4 ng/mL） than the ocular demodex-free group（46.2±19.2 ng/mL, P=0.03）. There was no significant difference in meibum quality and expressibility, SRI, SAI, F-BUT and SIT between the two groups（P〉0.05 for each）. No significant correlation was noted between the number of demodex and ocular surface parameters in demodexpositive MGD group（P〉0.05 for each）.CONCLUSION： Ocular demodex folliculorum infestation may be associated with ocular discomfort and ocular surface damage in MGD.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.20JCZXJC00040)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(No.Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A)The Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(No.2022ZD058)。
文摘AIM:To observe ocular surface changes after phacovitrectomy in patients with mild to moderate meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)-type dry eye and track clinical treatment response using a Keratograph 5M and a Lipi View interferometer.METHODS:Forty cases were randomized into control group A and treatment group B;the latter received meibomian gland treatment 3d before phacovitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate before and after surgery.The average non-invasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTav),first noninvasive tear film break-up time(NITBUTf),non-invasive measured tear meniscus height(NTMH),meibomian gland loss(MGL),lipid layer thickness(LLT)and partial blink rate(PBR)were measured preoperatively and 1wk,1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS:The NITBUTav values of group A at 1wk(4.38±0.47),1mo(6.76±0.70),and 3mo(7.25±0.68)were significantly lower than those of group B(7.45±0.78,10.46±0.97,and 11.31±0.89;P=0.002,0.004,and 0.001,respectively).The NTMH values of group B at 1wk(0.20±0.01)and 1mo(0.22±0.01)were markedly higher than those of group A(0.15±0.01 and 0.15±0.01;P=0.008 and P<0.001,respectively);however,there was no difference at 3mo.The LLT of group B at 3mo[91.5(76.25-100.00)]significantly exceeded that of group A[65.00(54.50-91.25),P=0.017].No obvious intergroup difference was found in MGL or PBR(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Mild to moderate MGD dry eye worsens in the short term after phacovitrectomy.Preoperative cleaning,hot compresses,and meibomian gland massage as well as preoperative and postoperative sodium hyaluronate promote the rapid recovery of tear film stability.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271050)
文摘AIM: To research the two homologous predicted proline -rich protein genes, Mus musculus predicted gene 4736 (MP4) and proline-rich protein BstNI subfamily 1 (Prb1) which were significantly upregulated in cultured corneal organs when encountering fungal pathogen preparations. This study was to confirm the expression and potential functions of these two genes in ocular surface. METHODS: A Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis model was established in Balb/c mice. One day post infection, mRNA level of MP4 was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and MP4 protein detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Western blot using a customized polyclonal anti -MP4 antibody preparation. Lacrimal glands from normal mice were also subjected to IHC staining for MP4. An online bioinformatics program, BioGPS, was utilized to screen public data to determine other potential locations of MP4. RESULTS: One day after keratitis induction, MP4 was upregulated in the corneas at both mRNA level as measured using real -time PCR and protein levels as measured using Western blot and IHC. BioGPS analysis of public data suggested that the MP4 gene was most abundantly expressed in the lacrimal glands, and IHC revealed that normal murine lacrimal glands were positive for MP4 staining. CONCLUSION: MP4 and Prb1 are closely related with the physiology and pathological processes of the ocular surface. Considering the significance of ocular surface abnormalities like dry eye, we propose that MP4 and Prb1 contribute to homeostasis of ocular surface, and deserve more extensive functional and disease correlation studies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+3 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Yong Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher EducationFrontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023。
文摘Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are inexpensive and safe,but side reactions on the Zn anode and Zn dendrite growth hinder their practical applications.In this study,1,3,5-triformylphloroglycerol(Tp)and various diamine monomers(p-phenylenediamine(Pa),benzidine(BD),and 4,4"-diamino-p-terphenyl(DATP))were used to synthesize a series of two-dimensional covalent-organic frameworks(COFs).The resulting COFs were named TpPa,TpBD,and TpDATP,respectively,and they showed uniform zincophilic sites,different pore sizes,and high Young's moduli on the Zn anode.Among them,TpPa and TpBD showed lower surface work functions and higher ion transfer numbers,which were conducive to uniform galvanizing/stripping zinc and inhibited dendrite growth.Theoretical calculations showed that TpPa and TpBD had wider negative potential region and greater adsorption capacity for Zn2+than TpDATP,providing more electron donor sites to coordinate with Zn^(2+).Symmetric cells protected by TpPa and TpBD stably cycled for more than 2300 h,whereas TpDATP@Zn and the bare zinc symmetric cells failed after around 150 and200 h.The full cells containing TpPa and TpBD modification layers also showed excellent cycling capacity at 1 A/g.This study provides comprehensive insights into the construction of highly reversible Zn anodes via COF modification layers for advanced rechargeable ZIBs.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2121004)Key Programme(52235007)National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China(52325504).
文摘Hydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering field.However,tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and high mechanical properties.Inspired by Chinese ramen,we propose a universal fabricating method(printing-P,training-T,cross-linking-C,PTC&PCT)for tough hydrogel scaffolds to fill this gap.First,3D printing fabricates a hydrogel scaffold with desired structures(P).Then,the scaffold could have extraordinarily high mechanical properties and functional surface structure by cycle mechanical training with salting-out assistance(T).Finally,the training results are fixed by photo-cross-linking processing(C).The tough gelatin hydrogel scaffolds exhibit excellent tensile strength of 6.66 MPa(622-fold untreated)and have excellent biocompatibility.Furthermore,this scaffold possesses functional surface structures from nanometer to micron to millimeter,which can efficiently induce directional cell growth.Interestingly,this strategy can produce bionic human tissue with mechanical properties of 10 kPa-10 MPa by changing the type of salt,and many hydrogels,such as gelatin and silk,could be improved with PTC or PCT strategies.Animal experiments show that this scaffold can effectively promote the new generation of muscle fibers,blood vessels,and nerves within 4 weeks,prompting the rapid regeneration of large-volume muscle loss injuries.
文摘BACKGROUND High-resolution optical coherence tomography(HR-OCT)has become an essential instrument in the screening and diagnosis of ocular surface neoplasms.Research demonstrates that HR-OCT possesses a diagnostic sensitivity ranging from 85%to 90%for ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN).The connections between HR-OCT features and histological findings have consistently shown robustness,hence increasing the reliability of clinical diagnosis.AIM To examine the existing HR-OCT indicators employed in the identification of common non-benign ocular surface tumors,namely,basal cell carcinoma,OSSN,and melanocytic conjunctival lesions,and to assess their diagnostic efficacy,benefits,and prospective developments.METHODS A thorough literature review was performed to assess the published research on HR-OCT in the diagnosis of ocular surface cancers.Significant attention was given to research that compares HR-OCT characteristics with histopath-ologic validation,as well as on publications addressing the integration of emerging technologies and artificial intelligence in ocular oncology imaging.RESULTS HR-OCT exhibits elevated diagnostic sensitivity(85%-90%)for identifying OSSN and presents distinct imaging patterns that align closely with histology results.This approach has substantial clinical advantages due to its non-invasive characteristics,improved axial resolution,and real-time imaging capabilities.HR-OCT has demonstrated potential in assessing various lesions,including basal cell carcinoma and melanocytic conjunctival malignancies.CONCLUSION HR-OCT assumes an increasingly vital role in the early identification and clinical management of ocular surface malignancies.With advancements in imaging technology and the integration of artificial intelligence,HR-OCT is anticipated to enhance individualized diagnosis and treatment planning in ocular oncology,hence improving patient outcomes.
文摘The occurrence and development of ocular surface diseases are closely related to oxidative stress.Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)can lead to ocular surface cell damage and inflammatory responses.As a new type of antioxidant,hydrogen-rich water(HRW)has shown intervention potential in ocular surface diseases such as dry eye and conjunctivitis by selectively scavenging toxic ROS,inhibiting inflammatory pathways,and protecting ocular surface cells.Combining basic mechanisms and clinical evidence,this article explores the application value of hydrogen-rich water in ocular surface diseases,providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related eye diseases.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195,No.82460203)Degree and Postgraduate Education Teaching Reform Project of Jiangxi Province(No.JXYJG-2020-026).
文摘AIM:To assess the possibility of using different large language models(LLMs)in ocular surface diseases by selecting five different LLMS to test their accuracy in answering specialized questions related to ocular surface diseases:ChatGPT-4,ChatGPT-3.5,Claude 2,PaLM2,and SenseNova.METHODS:A group of experienced ophthalmology professors were asked to develop a 100-question singlechoice question on ocular surface diseases designed to assess the performance of LLMs and human participants in answering ophthalmology specialty exam questions.The exam includes questions on the following topics:keratitis disease(20 questions),keratoconus,keratomalaciac,corneal dystrophy,corneal degeneration,erosive corneal ulcers,and corneal lesions associated with systemic diseases(20 questions),conjunctivitis disease(20 questions),trachoma,pterygoid and conjunctival tumor diseases(20 questions),and dry eye disease(20 questions).Then the total score of each LLMs and compared their mean score,mean correlation,variance,and confidence were calculated.RESULTS:GPT-4 exhibited the highest performance in terms of LLMs.Comparing the average scores of the LLMs group with the four human groups,chief physician,attending physician,regular trainee,and graduate student,it was found that except for ChatGPT-4,the total score of the rest of the LLMs is lower than that of the graduate student group,which had the lowest score in the human group.Both ChatGPT-4 and PaLM2 were more likely to give exact and correct answers,giving very little chance of an incorrect answer.ChatGPT-4 showed higher credibility when answering questions,with a success rate of 59%,but gave the wrong answer to the question 28% of the time.CONCLUSION:GPT-4 model exhibits excellent performance in both answer relevance and confidence.PaLM2 shows a positive correlation(up to 0.8)in terms of answer accuracy during the exam.In terms of answer confidence,PaLM2 is second only to GPT4 and surpasses Claude 2,SenseNova,and GPT-3.5.Despite the fact that ocular surface disease is a highly specialized discipline,GPT-4 still exhibits superior performance,suggesting that its potential and ability to be applied in this field is enormous,perhaps with the potential to be a valuable resource for medical students and clinicians in the future.
基金financially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(Project Nos.JCYJ20220818102201003,JCYJ20220818100001002)the Shenzhen Sustainable Development Special Project(Project No.KCXFZ20230731094500001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.51975597,52175446)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Project No.2022B1515020011)。
文摘Magnetically responsive microstructured functional surface(MRMFS),capable of dynamically and reversibly switching the surface topography under magnetic actuation,provides a wireless,noninvasive,and instantaneous way to accurately control the microscale engineered surface.In the last decade,many studies have been conducted to design and optimize MRMFSs for diverse applications,and significant progress has been accomplished.This review comprehensively presents recent advancements and the potential prospects in MRMFSs.We first classify MRMFSs into one-dimensional linear array MRMFSs,two-dimensional planar array MRMFSs,and dynamic self-assembly MRMFSs based on their morphology.Subsequently,an overview of three deformation mechanisms,including magnetically actuated bending deformation,magnetically driven rotational deformation,and magnetically induced self-assembly deformation,are provided.Four main fabrication strategies employed to create MRMFSs are summarized,including replica molding,magnetization-induced self-assembly,laser cutting,and ferrofluid-infused method.Furthermore,the applications of MRMFS in droplet manipulation,solid transport,information encryption,light manipulation,triboelectric nanogenerators,and soft robotics are presented.Finally,the challenges that limit the practical applications of MRMFSs are discussed,and the future development of MRMFSs is proposed.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the demographics,clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN)at the Philippine General Hospital.METHODS:This was a single-center,11-year retrospective,cross sectional case series on 18 cases of OSSN seen between January 2012 to June 2023.The patient’s demographics,presenting symptoms,tumor characteristics,histopathologic diagnosis,treatment,outcomes,and duration of follow-up were reviewed.RESULTS:Out of 33 identified cases of OSSN,only 18 were eligible for inclusion in the study.Mean age was 60.78y(range 31 to 80),with male predominance(66.67%).The left eye was most commonly affected(61.11%)with most presenting with fleshy mass(83.33%).Most tumors were located nasally(66.67%)and were predominantly papilliform(44.44%)in morphology with associated hyperpigmentation(38.89%).Squamous cell carcinoma(SCCA)was the most common histopathologic diagnosis(72.22%).The main primary treatment was surgical excision(94.44%)with or without adjunctive therapy,with only 1 patient undergoing first-line topical chemotherapy.Only 3 recurrences(16.67%)were noted with a median followup of 7.5mo.A statistically significant recurrence-free odds leaning towards the utilization of cryotherapy was noted.CONCLUSION:OSSN seen at the Philippine General Hospital is presented as a limbal papilliform mass,most commonly affecting elderly males.Surgical excision with adjuvant cryotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the preferred mode of treatment.
文摘Topical chemotherapy is increasingly used to treat ocular surface tumors as a primary therapy and an adjuvant treatment after surgical excision.The most employed topical agents include mitomycin C(MMC),5-fluorouracil(5-FU),and interferon alpha-2b(IFNα2b),each with distinctmechanisms of action,efficacy profiles,and toxicity risks.Although these agents offer effective tumor control and allow for a non-invasive approach in many cases,ocular surface complications requiring medical or surgical management can occur.This summarizes the adverse effect and outilines practical strategies for their prevention and treatment.MMC is the most potent agent but also the most toxic,with reported complications such as limbal stemcell deficiency,punctal stenosis,and persistent epithelial defects.5-FU demonstrates a more favorable safety profile,although rare cases of corneal ulceration have been described.IFNα2b is well tolerated and associated primarily with mild,reversible reactions.The choice of the proper agent should be tailored according to patient’s clinical presentation,ocular surface status,and ability to adhere to therapy and followup.Timely recognition and management of complications are essential to minimize long-term sequelae.Reliance on compounded formulations highlights the need for stable,standardized,and commercially available topical agents specifically designed for ocular use to ensure safety,reproducibility,and global accessibility.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973908)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.PL2024H224)Postgraduate Innovation Fund of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine(No.2023yjscx018).
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of a Chinese medicine formula“Qingxuan Runmu Yin”(QRY)on ocular surface inflammation in a rat model of dry eye,and its mechanism via the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/transforming growth factor kinase 1(TAK1)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK)signaling pathway.METHODS:Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=12 each):the control group,model group,3 groups of QRY(with low-,medium-,and high-doses),and SB203580 group.Dry eye was induced using benzalkonium chloride.Schirmer’s test(SIT)and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)were performed every 14d throughout the experiment.Histopathological changes in corneal and conjunctival tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining.Protein expression levels of key inflammatory markers and signaling pathway targets were assessed via immunohistochemistry,ELISA,and Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,the model group showed significant reductions in SIT and increases in CFS scores,alongside structural disorganization of corneal/conjunctival tissues,decreased conjunctival goblet cell(CGC)numbers,and elevated expression of inflammatory markers[interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-α),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9)]and pathway proteins(TLR4,p-TAK1,p-p38MAPK;P<0.05).Treatment with QRY(low,medium,and high doses)and SB203580 significantly improved SIT scores,reduced CFS scores,restored corneoconjunctival structure,increased CGC numbers,and decreased expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MMP9,TLR4,p-TAK1,and p-p38MAPK proteins compared to the model group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:QRY may alleviate ocular surface inflammation associated with dry eye by inhibiting the TLR4/TAK1/p38MAPK signaling pathway,highlighting its potential therapeutic efficacy for dry eye.
文摘Ocular surface disease(OSD)can have a severe impact on patients as it can lead to visual impairment and persistent discomfort.Ocular surface reconstruction(OSR)is an approach to the management of ocular diseases that cause structural damage to the ocular surface.OSR encompasses both medical and surgical treatment options.In this review,we discuss the medical and surgical strategies used in OSR.Medical management often aims to treat tear insufficiency,inflammation,and keratinization.Surgical treatments may be employed for a variety of reasons,including failure of medical management.This may include improving the oculo-palpebral structures in order to improve lid positioning and tear film.Additional therapies focus on improving tear production,such as through salivary gland transplantation.In situations where the ocular surface is so severely damaged that there is loss of limbal stem cells,limbal stem cell transplant(LSCT)may be indicated.Other surgeries such as amniotic membrane transplant(AMT)and conjunctival flaps(CFs)can help promote corneal healing.Finally,in severe situations where the cornea is beyond salvage,corneal transplantation,such as a penetrating keratoplasty(PKP),can be considered.OSR often requires a combination of medical and surgical approaches targeted to each specific patient’s presentation in order to achieve optimal outcomes.
文摘Ocular surface disease(OSD)encompasses a diverse range of disorders that impact the ocular tear film and integrity of the ocular surface including the cornea,conjunctiva,lacrimal glands,tear film and eyelids.As the main functions of the ocular surface are to maintain corneal transparency and hydration and protection of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium,the loss of ocular homeostasis leads to serious clinical manifestations.
基金Supported by the Capital Health Development Scientific Research.
文摘AIM:To investigate the clinical features of the ocular surface in patients with different degrees of myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 122 participants with myopia in Beijing Tongren Hospital from February to June,2023.After completing the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)score scale,measurements were taken for refraction,biometric parameters and ocular surface parameters.The prevalence,severity and related parameters of the dry eye among different groups based on axial length(AL)were compared.Correlation analysis was performed between ocular surface parameters and refraction/biometric measurement parameters.RESULTS:Statistically significant differences were observed in refractive error,corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth,and subfoveal choroidal thickness among the groups(all P<0.05).With the increase in AL,the incidence and severity of dry eye increased significantly(P<0.05).Moreover,the tear film break-up time(BUT)shortened(P<0.05),and the corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)points increased significantly(P<0.05).OSDI scores were positively correlated with AL and spherical equivalent(SE;both P<0.05);BUT was negatively correlated with AL,SE,and corneal astigmatism(AST;all P<0.05);Schirmer I test(SIT)results were negatively correlated with AL and SE(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION:AL elongation is a risk factor for dry eye onset in myopic participants.The longer the AL,the more severe the dry eye is,with the increased CFS spots and tear film instability.Additionally,SE and AST exhibit negative correlations with dry eye symptom scores and ocular surface parameters.
文摘Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or injury.The formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerves,such as following corneal pathology or corneal or intraocular surge ries.Initially,denervated areas of sensory nerve fibers become invaded by sprouts of intact sensory nerve fibers,and later injured axons regenerate and new sprouts called neuromas develop.In recent years,analysis of corneal nerve abnormalities including corneal neuromas which can be identified using in vivo confocal microscopy,a non-invasive imaging technique with microscopic resolution,has been used to evaluate corneal neuropathy and ocular surface dysfunction.Corneal neuromas have been shown to be associated with clinical symptoms of discomfort and dryness of eyes,and are a promising surrogate biomarker for ocular surface diseases,such as neuropathic corneal pain,dry eye disease,diabetic corneal neuropathy,neurotrophic keratopathy,Sjogren's syndrome,bullous keratopathy,post-refra ctive surgery,and others.In this review,we have summarized the current literature on the association between these ocular surface diseases and the presentation of corneal microneuromas,as well as elaborated on their pathogenesis,visualization via in vivo confocal microscopy,and utility in monitoring treatment efficacy.As current quantitative analysis on neuromas mainly relies on manual annotation and quantification,which is user-dependent and labor-intensive,future direction includes the development of artificial intelligence software to identify and quantify these potential imaging biomarkers in a more automated and sensitive manner,allowing it to be applied in clinical settings more efficiently.Combining imaging and molecular biomarkers may also help elucidate the associations between corneal neuromas and ocular surface diseases.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52235011,51905352)Shenzhen Municipal Excellent Science and Technology Creative Talent Training Program (Grant No.RCBS20210609103819021)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2023B1515120086)Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project (Grant No.CJGJZD20230724093600001)。
文摘Titanium and its alloys have been widely applied in many biomedical fields because of its excellent mechanical properties,corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility.However,problems such as rejection,shedding and infection will occur after titanium alloy implantation due to the low biological activity of titanium alloy surface.The structures with specific functions,which can enhance osseointegration and antibacterial properties,are fabricated on the surface of titanium implants to improve the biological activity between the titanium implants and human tissues.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments and applications of surface functional structure in titanium and titanium alloy implants.The applications of surface functional structure on different titanium and titanium alloy implants are introduced,and their manufacturing technologies are summarized and compared.Furthermore,the fabrication of various surface functional structures used for titanium and titanium alloy implants is reviewed and analyzed in detail.Finally,the challenges affecting the development of surface functional structures applied in titanium and titanium alloy implants are outlined,and recommendations for future research are presented.
文摘AIM:To invastigate intra-and interobserver reliability of interferometry,tear meniscus height(TMH)measurement and meibography(MBG)of an ocular surface analyzer,LacryDiag(Quantel Medical,France).METHODS:Five consecutive measurements and subsequent analysis of interferometry,TMH,and MBG were recorded by two examiners using the LacryDiag.To assess intra-and interobserver reliability,we used Cohen’s kappa for categorical variables(interferometry),or intraclass correlation coefficient for continuous variables(TMH,MBG).RESULTS:Thirty eyes of 30 examinees were included.For both observers,there was excellent intraobserver reliability for MBG(0.955 and 0.970 for observer 1 and 2,respectively).Intraobserver reliability for observer 1 was substantial for interferometry(0.799),and excellent for TMH(0.863).Reliability for observer 2 was moderate for interferometry(0.535)and fair to good for TMH(0.431).Interobserver reliability was poor for interferometry(0.074)and fair to good for TMH(0.680)and MBG(0.414).CONCLUSION:LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer in our study proves to be a reliable noninvasive tool for the evaluation of TMH and MBG.As for interferometry,poor interobserver reliability,fair to good intraobserver reliability for observer 1,and moderate for observer 2,leave room for improvement.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.J2019-Ⅲ-0009-0053)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12075319)。
文摘In order to reconstruct and render the weak and repetitive texture of the damaged functional surface of aviation,an improved neural radiance field,named TranSR-NeRF,is proposed.In this paper,a data acquisition system was designed and built.The acquired images generated initial point clouds through TransMVSNet.Meanwhile,after extracting features from the images through the improved SE-ConvNeXt network,the extracted features were aligned and fused with the initial point cloud to generate high-quality neural point cloud.After ray-tracing and sampling of the neural point cloud,the ResMLP neural network designed in this paper was used to regress the volume density and radiance under a given viewing angle,which introduced spatial coordinate and relative positional encoding.The reconstruction and rendering of arbitrary-scale super-resolution of damaged functional surface is realized.In this paper,the influence of illumination conditions and background environment on the model performance is also studied through experiments,and the comparison and ablation experiments for the improved methods proposed in this paper is conducted.The experimental results show that the improved model has good effect.Finally,the application experiment of object detection task is carried out,and the experimental results show that the model has good practicability.
文摘Polarons are widely considered to play a crucial role in the charge transport and photocatalytic performance of materials,but the mechanisms of their formation and the underlying driving factors remain a matter of controversy.This study delves into the formation of polarons in different crystalline forms of TiO_(2) and their connection with the materials'structure.By employing density functional theory calculations with on-site Coulomb interaction correction(DFT+U),we provide a detailed analysis of the electronic polarization behavior in the anatase and rutile forms of TiO_(2).We focus on the polarization properties of defect-induced and photoexcited excess electrons on various TiO_(2) surfaces.The results reveal that the defect electrons can form small polarons on the anatase TiO_(2)(101)surface,while on the rutile TiO_(2)(110)surface,both small and large polarons(hybrid-state polarons)are formed.Photoexcited electrons are capable of forming both small and large polarons on the surfaces of both crystal types.The analysis indicates that the differences in polaron distribution are primarily determined by the intrinsic properties of the crystals;the structural and symmetry differences between anatase and rutile TiO_(2) lead to the distinct polaron behaviors.Further investigation suggests that the polarization behavior of defect electrons is also related to the arrangement of electron orbitals around the Ti atoms,while the polarization of photoexcited electrons is mainly facilitated by the lattice distortions.These findings elucidate the formation mechanisms of different types of polarons and may contribute to understanding the performance of TiO_(2)in different fields.
