Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),a kind of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),has functions of detoxifying and evacuating heat.In the study,a method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with lin...Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),a kind of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),has functions of detoxifying and evacuating heat.In the study,a method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS)was developed for the chemical constituent analysis of organic acids,flavonoids,iridoids and new-generated compounds in sulfur-fumigated LJF(SF-LJF).Based on the accurate mass measurement(<±5 ppm),chromatographic behavior and diagnostic product ions(DPIs),113 constituents were unambiguously or tentatively characterized from SFLJF extract,including 46 chlorogenic acids,19 flavonoids,29 iridoid glycosides and 19 newly-generated compounds(including 17 sulfur-containing derivatives).In addition,5-CQA(5-caffeoylquinic acid,chlorogenic acid)was chosen to be sulfur-fumigated for the result validation.It was found that the most significant change of LJF after sulfur fumigation was the occurrence of sulfate or sulfite esterification reactions,which resulted in the emergence of many new sulfur-containing components.Our results demonstrated that the established method was a useful and efficient analytical tool to comprehensively characterize the material basis of SF-LJF,and also an excellent guidance of quality control about LJF.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the use of the classical Chinese medicine formula Sihu Powder modified decoction for postoperative fumigation and sitz bath in patients with perianal abscess,aiming to promote wound healing ...[Objectives]To investigate the use of the classical Chinese medicine formula Sihu Powder modified decoction for postoperative fumigation and sitz bath in patients with perianal abscess,aiming to promote wound healing and reduce medical burden.[Methods]An observational cohort study was conducted,selecting 200 patients with perianal abscess who underwent surgery in Shenzhen Guangming District People's Hospital.They were randomly divided into a treatment group and an observation group,with 100 cases in each group.Both groups followed the same surgical and antibiotic treatment principles.Starting from the first postoperative day,the treatment group received fumigation and sitz bath with modified Sihu Powder for decoction twice daily;the observation group used Compound Huangbai Liquid for fumigation and sitz bath twice daily.Indicators including pain score,wound secretion score,wound granulation tissue growth score,multidrug-resistant bacterial infection clearance rate,antibiotic usage days,and wound healing rate were observed in both groups 7,14 and 21 d after operation.[Results]On postoperative day 7,the differences in postoperative pain score,wound secretions,and multidrug-resistant bacterial clearance rate between the treatment group and the observation group were statistically significant.On postoperative day 14,the differences between the two groups were significant in indicators including pain score,wound secretions,wound granulation tissue growth,multidrug-resistant bacterial clearance rate,and wound healing rate.On postoperative day 21,the difference in wound healing rate between the two groups was significant;furthermore,the antibiotic usage days in the treatment group were significantly fewer than those in the observation group.[Conclusions]Modified Sihu Powder for fumigation and washing can effectively alleviate postoperative pain in perianal abscess patients,inhibit the colonization and infection of multidrug-resistant bacteria at the wound site,accelerate wound healing,reduce antibiotic usage intensity and medical burden.It possesses advantages such as being economical,effective,safe,and easy to operate,making it worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which An's anorectal fumigation lotion(AAFL)treats inflammatory mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS:Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats,with an equal number of males and females,were randoml...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which An's anorectal fumigation lotion(AAFL)treats inflammatory mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS:Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats,with an equal number of males and females,were randomly assigned to the following four groups:control,model,AAFL,and positive groups.Following hemorrhoid induction,hemorrhoidal tissues were collected from the rats for analysis.Pathological alterations in these tissues were examined via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect inflammatory markers.The ultrastructural pathological changes in these tissues were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to analyze the gene and protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65,inhibitor of kappa-B(IκB),inhibitor of NF-κB kinase(IκK-β),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the rats in each treatment group showed general improvements in hemorrhoidal tissue pathology.The AAFL group showed increased IκB expression and decreased IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,NF-κB,p65,and IκK-βexpressions.CONCLUSION:AAFL can decrease the production of inflammatory markers by targeting the NF-κB pathway,resulting in improved pathological conditions in mixed hemorrhoids.Our findings will aid in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids.展开更多
At present,there is little research on the application of Zhuang medicine fumigation lotions in skin diseases,and there is no research on related preparation processes and quality standards.In this paper,the character...At present,there is little research on the application of Zhuang medicine fumigation lotions in skin diseases,and there is no research on related preparation processes and quality standards.In this paper,the characteristics of its formulation and the research progress in skin diseases are reviewed,in order to deepen the understanding of Zhuang medicine fumigation lotions and provide a more detailed theoretical basis for its clinical research,development and application.展开更多
Orthopedic surgeries often require a long recovery period, but Hui medicine offers promising strategies for rapid rehabilitation. This paper explores the integration of Hui medicine into postoperative care, focusing o...Orthopedic surgeries often require a long recovery period, but Hui medicine offers promising strategies for rapid rehabilitation. This paper explores the integration of Hui medicine into postoperative care, focusing on herbal remedies, physical therapies, and dietary adjustments. It uses a variety of methods, such as pasting, Tazi, acupuncture, diet therapy, medicine therapy, etc., to provide comprehensive treatment for various bone diseases. In the field of Hui medicine, through in-depth research and clinical verification, more therapies and drugs with unique curative effects have been discovered. Orthopedic rehabilitation and fumigation therapy play an important role in the rehabilitation stage of the disease, helping patients recover limb function, reduce pain, and improve quality of life. This paper elaborates on the spread and influence of Islamic Arab medical civilization in China and introduces the outstanding achievements of Hui medicine department and Hui medicine as important branches of this medical system. Through the in-depth study of relevant literature and historical data, the brilliant achievements of Hui medicine in inheritance and innovation are further revealed. In addition, the article also discusses the combination of modern science, technology, and traditional medicine--which has injected new vitality into the development of traditional medicine. Hui medicine, with its unique theoretical system and therapeutic methods, offers promising approaches to enhance the recovery process. Rehabilitation, acupuncture and fumigation treatment are typical representatives of the Sinicization of Islamic Arab medical civilization, and have made important contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, the rich experience and unique therapy of Hui medicine provide useful reference and inspiration for modern medicine. This paper overviews the effectiveness of Hui medicine in promoting rapid rehabilitation after orthopedic surgery.展开更多
Two soils with relatively high (Soil 1) and low (Soil 2) ammonium fixation capacities were used in thisstudy to extalne the effect of ammonium fixation on the determination of N mineralised from soil ndcrobialbiomass....Two soils with relatively high (Soil 1) and low (Soil 2) ammonium fixation capacities were used in thisstudy to extalne the effect of ammonium fixation on the determination of N mineralised from soil ndcrobialbiomass. organism suspellsioll was quantitatively introduced to Soil 1 at various rates. Both fumigation-incubation (FI) and fumigation-ext raction (FE ) met hods were used to t reat t he soil. The amount of ffeedNH4+-N increased with increasing rate of organism-N addition. A close correlation was found between theamoun of fixed aznmonium and the rate of organism-N addition. The net increso of fixed NH4+-N wereequivalent to 38% and 12% of the added organism-N for FI and FE treatments, respectively in this specificsoil. To provide isotopic evidence, 15N-labelled organism-N was added to Soils 1 and 2 at 121.4 mg N kg-1.In FI treatment, 22 and 3 mg N kg-1 of labelled N were found in the fraction of fixed NH4+-N in Soils 1 and2 respectively; while in FE treatment, 9 mg N kg-1 of labelled N was found in the fraction of fixed NH4+-Nin Soil 1 only. There was no labelled N in the fraction of fixed NH4+-N in Soil 2. In all of the unfumigated(check) soils, there was little or no labelled N in the fixed fractions, probably because the organism-N addedwas easily mineralized and nitrified. A mean of 0.64 for KN value, the fraction of N ndneralized in the killedmicrobial biomass, was obtained with inclusion of the net increase of fixed NH4+-N. The corresponding valuecalculated with exclusion of the net increase of fixed NH4+-N was 0.46. It was concluded that ammniumfixation was a problem in determination of KN, particularly for soils with a high ammonium fixation capacity.Results also showed that microbial biomass N measurement by FE method was less affected by ammoniumprocess than that by FI method.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the biological activity of insecticidal components of Seleng Wormwood on cabbage butterfly （Pieris rapae）.[Method] With the assisted condition of microwave heating,ethanol,ethyl ethe...[Objective] The aim was to study the biological activity of insecticidal components of Seleng Wormwood on cabbage butterfly （Pieris rapae）.[Method] With the assisted condition of microwave heating,ethanol,ethyl ether,water and methylbenzene were selected as solvents to extract Seleng Wormwood,and the antifeedant,stomach toxicity,contact toxicity and fumigation activities of various solvent extracts against cabbage butterfly were determined.[Result] Various solvent extracts all showed certain antifeedant,stomach toxicity,contact toxicity and fumigation activity against the larvae of cabbage butterfly,and the biological activity of ethanol extract was the strongest.[Conclusion]The results could provide reference for development and utilization of botanical pesticides of Seleng Wormwood.展开更多
Numerous soil biochemical methods are used to determine the soil health status, but the relationships among these methods are not well understood. Relationships among soil biochemical tests, 1) chloroform fumigated mi...Numerous soil biochemical methods are used to determine the soil health status, but the relationships among these methods are not well understood. Relationships among soil biochemical tests, 1) chloroform fumigated microbial biomass C (CFMBC), 2) permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), 3) Solvita CO2-burst (Solvita), 4) Solvita labile amino nitrogen (SLAN), and short-term soil CO2 efflux during laboratory incubation using (v) Alkali-base trap (Alkali) and (vi) infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), were evaluated for nine agricultural soils collected across the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, USA. Not a single test is comprehensive to relate with all soil biochemical tests. Coefficient of variation percentage for particular method varied with soil type. Among six tests, CFMBC is significantly (p < 0.05) related with Alkali (r = 0.37), Solvita (r = 0.57), SLAN (r = 0.52), and POXC (r = 0.68). Soil CFMBC correlates with most of soil biochemical tests and can be potential to determine soil biochemical condition.展开更多
Frankincense is also called“Fumigated land,”“Horsetail spice,”and“Godsend spice.”The alias“Fumigated land”shows its strong fragrance that can cover the whole land.The name of“Horsetail spice”implies its morp...Frankincense is also called“Fumigated land,”“Horsetail spice,”and“Godsend spice.”The alias“Fumigated land”shows its strong fragrance that can cover the whole land.The name of“Horsetail spice”implies its morphologic characteristics and mild effects,and another name of“Godsend spice”indicates its functions of relieving swelling and pain,healing sore,and growing muscle,as if it is the grace donated by God.The name of“Frankincense”displays its complex productive progress.With thick quality and strong fragrance,frankincense acts as daily supplies for religious activities and folk activities due to its low price and a wide range of uses in medicine and daily life.Frankincense shows the infinite charm of spice culture along the Silk Road from the distant Western Regions to the East.At the same time,it enriches the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and becomes one of the most popular spices in both eastern and western,nobility and common.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the killing effect of mixed fumi- gation of phosphine and carbon dioxide on eggs of Lasioderma serricorne F. [Method] The outside-storage phosphine generator was placed in a...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the killing effect of mixed fumi- gation of phosphine and carbon dioxide on eggs of Lasioderma serricorne F. [Method] The outside-storage phosphine generator was placed in a tabernacled smoke box, and the mortality rates of L. serricome F. eggs in the smoke box under conditions of different aluminium phosphide usage amount and different fumigation time were studied. In addition, the times needed by tabernacle and smoke box cen- ter to reach the phosphine concentration peak were recorded. [Result] The optimum conditions for killing the eggs of L. serricorne were as follows： temperature of （27± 2） ℃, relatively humidity of （45±5）%, aluminium phosphide usage amount of 1.5 g/m3 and effective exposure time of 96 h. The killing effect of mixed fumigation of phos- phine and carbon dioxide was increased with the extension of fumigation time. The increased usage amount of aluminium phosphide showed no significant effect on killing effect. The tabernacle space and smoke box center all required relatively short time to reach the phosphine concentration peak. If the tabernacle had a good airtightness, the overall fumigation time could be shortened. [Conclusion] The fumi- gation method is reliable, and it can be used for the control of L. serricorne F. in tobacco storage.展开更多
This study was designed to understand the impact of methyl bromide (MB) (CH3Br) and its alternatives on both free-living and root-knot nematodes in the soil. A randomized complete block experiment with six treatments ...This study was designed to understand the impact of methyl bromide (MB) (CH3Br) and its alternatives on both free-living and root-knot nematodes in the soil. A randomized complete block experiment with six treatments and 4 replicates (each replicate in a separate greenhouse) was established in Qingzhou, Shandong Province, China. In addition to MB and untreated control (CK) treatments there were four alternative soil fumigation practices including MB+virtually impermeable films (VIF), metam sodium (MS), MS +VIF and soil solarization combined with selected biological control agents (SS+BCA). Two tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) cultivars, cv. Maofen-802 from the Xian Institute of Vegetable Science, China, and cv. AF179 Brillante from the Israeli Hazera Quality Seeds, were selected as test crops. The results indicated that Rhabditidae was the most dominant population with percentage abundance as high as 85% of the total number of identified free-living nematodes, followed by that of Cephalobidae. Methyl bromide and its alternatives except for the non-chemical SS+BCA treatment controlled the target pest, root-knot nematodes. Also, the impact of the three chemical alternatives on free-living nematode number and functional group abundance was similar to the impact associated with a typical methyl bromide application. Chemical fumigation practices, especially that with MB, significantly reduced the number of nematodes in the soil and simultaneously significantly reduced the number of nematode genera thereby reducing nematode diversity. All the four soil chemical fumigation activities decreased soil microbial biomass and had an obvious initial impact on microorganism biomass. Furthermore, both plant-parasitic and fungivore nematodes were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass.展开更多
Objective： To study the oxidative stress and antioxidative response of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings exposed to nitrogen dioxide （NO2） fumigation. Methods： Measurements were made up of the growth, chlorophyll cont...Objective： To study the oxidative stress and antioxidative response of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings exposed to nitrogen dioxide （NO2） fumigation. Methods： Measurements were made up of the growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation of one-year-old C. camphora seedlings exposed to NO2 （0.1, 0.5, and 4 μl/L） fumigation in open top chambers over a period of 60 d. Results： After the first 30 d, 0.5 and 4.0 μl/L NO2 showed insignificant effects on the growth of C. camphora seedlings. However, exposure to 0.5 and 4.0 pilL NO2 for 15 d significantly reduced their chlorophyll content （P〈0.05）, enhanced their malondialdehyde （MDA） content and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity （P〈0.05）, and also significantly reduced the maximal quantum yield of PSII in the dark [the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence （Fv/Fm）] （P〈0.05）. In the latter 30 d, 0.5μl/L NO2 showed a positive effect on the vitality of the seedlings, which was reflected by a recovery in the ratio of Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content, and obviously enhanced growth, SOD activity, ascorbate （AsA） content and glutathione reductase （GR） activity （P〈0.05）; 4.0 pilL NO2 then showed a negative effect, indicated by significant reductions in chlorophyll content and the ratio of Fv/Fm, and inhibited growth （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The results suggest adaptation of C. camphora seedlings to 60-d exposure to 0.1 and 0.5 μl/L NO2, but not to 60-d exposure to 4.0 pilL NO2 C. camphora seedlings may protect themselves from injury by strengthening their antioxidant system in response to NO2-induced oxidative stress.展开更多
Due to increasing regulations and restrictions, there is an urgent need to develop effective alternatives to chemical-dependent fumigation control of soilborne pests and pathogens. Anaerobic soil disinfestation （ASD...Due to increasing regulations and restrictions, there is an urgent need to develop effective alternatives to chemical-dependent fumigation control of soilborne pests and pathogens. Anaerobic soil disinfestation （ASD） is one such alternative showing great promise for use in the control of soilborne pathogens and pests. This method involves the application of a carbon source, irrigation to field capacity, and covering the soil with a plastic tarp. While the mechanisms of ASD are not completely understood, they appear to be a combination of changes in the soil microbial community composition, production of volatile organic compounds, and the generation of lethal anaerobic conditions. The variety of materials and options for ASD application, including carbon sources, soil temperature, and plastic tarp type, influence the efficacy of pathogen sup- pression and disease control. Currently, both dry （e.g., rice bran） and liquid （e.g., ethanol） carbon sources are commonly used, but with different results depending on environmental conditions. While solarization is not an essential component of ASD, it can enhance efficacy. Understanding the mechanisms that mediate biological changes occurring in the soil during ASD will facilitate our ability to increase ASD efficacy while enhancing its commercial viability.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the performance of vaporized hydrogen peroxide （VHP） for the bio-decontamination of the high efficiency particulate air （HEPA） filter unit. Methods Self-made or commercially available bioindi...Objective To evaluate the performance of vaporized hydrogen peroxide （VHP） for the bio-decontamination of the high efficiency particulate air （HEPA） filter unit. Methods Self-made or commercially available bioindicators were placed at designated locations in the HEPA filter unit under VHP fumigation. The spores on coupons were then extracted by 0.5 h submergence in eluent followed by 200- time violent knocks. Results Due to the presence of HEPA filter in the box, spore recovery from coupons placed at the bottom of the filter downstream was significantly higher than that from coupons placed at the other locations. The gap of decontamination efficiency between the top and the bottom of the filter downstream became narrower with the exposure time extended. The decontamination efficiency of the bottom of the filter downstream only improved gently with the injection rate of H202 increased and the decontamination efficiency decreased instead when the injection rate exceeded 2.5 g/min. The commercially available bioindicators were competent to indicate the disinfection efficiency of VHP for the HEPA filter unit. Conclusion The HEPA filter unit is more difficult than common enclosure to decontaminate using VHP fumigation. Complete decontamination can be achieved by extending fumigation time. VHP fumigation can be applied for in-situ biodecontamination of the HEPA filter unit as an alternative method to formaldehyde fumigation.展开更多
Objective:To test fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene—rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp.capitation(L.).Methods:The fumigant toxicity test was performed at(27±1)℃.(65± 5)%relative...Objective:To test fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene—rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp.capitation(L.).Methods:The fumigant toxicity test was performed at(27±1)℃.(65± 5)%relative humidity,and under darkness condition and 24 h exposure time.The chemical composition of the isolated oils was examined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.Results:The major compounds were α-cadiuol(46.2%),earyophyllene oxide(25.9%),α muurolol epi(8.1%),cadalene(3.7%) and longiverbenone(2.9%).In all cases,considerable differences in mortality of insect to essential oil vapor were observed in different concentrations and exposure times.Callosobruchus maculatus(C.maculates)(LC_(50)=148.9μL/L air) was more susceptible to the tested plant product than Teucrium castaneum(T.castaneum)(LC_(50)=360.2μL/L ain based on LC_(50)values.In the present investigation,the concentration of 3μ L /mL acetone showed 60% and 52% repellency against T.casteneum and C.maculatus adults,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggests that sesquiterpene—rich essential oils from the tested plant could be used as a potential control agent for stored—product insects.展开更多
AIM： To explore the expression of SIOOB in corneal epithelial cells under ,Aspergillus stimulation both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS： Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells （HCECs） were exposed to inactive #...AIM： To explore the expression of SIOOB in corneal epithelial cells under ,Aspergillus stimulation both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS： Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells （HCECs） were exposed to inactive #lsperg///us fumigatus （A. fumigatus） conidia at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24h respectively. The corneas of Wistar rats were exposed to active A. fumigatus at 0, 12, 24, 48h and the normal rat corneas were used for normal control. The mRNA level of S100B was evaluated by real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. Sl00B protein expression in cornea epithelium was detected by immunohistochemical/immunocytochemical staining （IHC/ICC）. RESULTS： Histopathology revealed a significant inflammatory cell infiltration in fungal keratitis human and rat cornea. Corneal epithelial cells didn＇t express or rarely express S100B at baseline. A. fumigatus significantly induced S100B mRNA expression in cultured corneal epithelial cells in a time depended manner in vitro the mRNA began to rise significantly at 8h in vitro （P〈0.05） and continue to rise as time prolonged （P〈0.01）. in vivo S100B mRNA level was low in the normal corneas. However, it was increased in keratitis corneas from 12h after infection （P〈0.05） and reached to a peak at 24h （P〈0.001）. Immunochemistry revealed an obvious staining in fungal keratitis corneas as well as immortalized HCECs compared to the normal ones respectively, indicating an increased expression of SlOOB protein. CONCLUSION： S100B exists in corneal epithelial cells and is over-expressed under A. fumigatus stimulation. Sl00B may play an important role in the innate immune response of the corneal epithelium during A. fumigatus infection.展开更多
The combination of 1,3-dichloropropene＋dimethyl disulfide （1,3-D＋DMDS）, which forms a pre-plant soil fumigant, can provide a substitute for the environmentally unfriendly methyl bromide （MB）. Three greenhouse tr...The combination of 1,3-dichloropropene＋dimethyl disulfide （1,3-D＋DMDS）, which forms a pre-plant soil fumigant, can provide a substitute for the environmentally unfriendly methyl bromide （MB）. Three greenhouse trials were performed to evaluate the root-knot nematode and soilborne fungi control efficacy in the suburbs of Beijing in China in 2010-2014. Randomized blocks with three replicates were designed in each trial. The combination of 1,3-D＋DMDS （10＋30 g m-2） significantly controlled Meloidogyne incognita, effectively suppressed the infestation of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora spp., and successfully provided high commercial fruit yields （equal to MB but higher than 1,3-D or DMDS）. The fumigant soil treatments were significantly better than the untreated controls. These results indicate that 1,3-D＋DMDS soil treatments can be applied by soil injection or chemigation as a promising MB alternative against soilborne pests in cucumber in China.展开更多
The detection in August 2015 of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Redland area in Miami-Dade County, Florida triggered a quarantine that restricted the movement of fruit ...The detection in August 2015 of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Redland area in Miami-Dade County, Florida triggered a quarantine that restricted the movement of fruit fly host material in an approximately 99-square mile (256-square kilometer) area. The quarantine affected 4000 acres of fruit bearing commercial avocado groves. Approved post-harvest treatments for B. dorsalis and avocado included in the USDA Treatment Manual were acceptable for immediate certification and movement of fresh avocados from the quarantine area. However, it was unknown if Florida avocados would meet quality standards (US combination grade) after the treatments. Three post-harvest treatments that combine methyl bromide fumigation and cold storage periods were tested on six avocado varieties from Florida. The treatments differed in the durations of the fumigation and cold treatment periods. A seven day transit period at 8.3°C (47°F) was added to account for the time when the fruit leaves the packing house until it is sold by retailers. None of the six varieties had met the US combination grade after the treatments and transit period. Treated fruit exhibited both internal (pulp) and external (skin) damage. Damage was attributed to the fumigation component of the treatment, but the six varieties tolerated the cold portion of the treatment. Damage by fumigation ranged from 26% - 100%. In general, the longer the fumigation period the worse the effect. The need for alternative post-harvest treatments for Florida avocados is discussed.展开更多
Objective:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing Western medicine with Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)fumigation in patients with diabetic peripheral neuro...Objective:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing Western medicine with Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)fumigation in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods:The China Biomedical Literature,Chinese full-text periodical,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang,PubMed,EMbase,and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials published from inception through May 2015.The methodological quality of eligible studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk Bias Assessment tool,and summarized effects were calculated using Reviewer Manager 5.1 software.Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the duration of intervention.Results:The initial search identified 312 relevant studies,of which 40 randomized controlled trials involving 3497 patients were eligible for analysis.The results indicated that TCM fumigation significantly improved the curative effects[risk ratio(RR)=1.34,95%CI(confidence interval):1.29e1.39],common peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity[standard mean difference(SMD)=2.93,95%CI:2.26e3.61],common peroneal sensory nerve conduction velocity(SMD=2.23,95%CI:1.46e3.01),and plasma viscosity(SMD=1.02,95%CI:1.35e0.69)compared to Western medicine alone(all p<0.01).A subgroup analysis indicated that the curative effects were significant after 15 days(RR=1.31,95%CI:1.21e1.42),30 days(RR=1.33,95%CI:1.26e1.40),and 60 days(RR=1.50,95%CI:1.32e1.71)of combined treatment(all p<0.01).展开更多
基金supported by Beijing Nova Program(No.Z171100001117029)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2018-JYB-XJ008)+1 种基金the Independent Topic Selection of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(Innovation and Entre-preneurship Project,No.2019-JYB-XSCXCY-06)the Second Batch of Scientific Research Projects for the Construction of National TCM Clinical Research Base(JDZX2015181)。
文摘Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),a kind of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),has functions of detoxifying and evacuating heat.In the study,a method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS)was developed for the chemical constituent analysis of organic acids,flavonoids,iridoids and new-generated compounds in sulfur-fumigated LJF(SF-LJF).Based on the accurate mass measurement(<±5 ppm),chromatographic behavior and diagnostic product ions(DPIs),113 constituents were unambiguously or tentatively characterized from SFLJF extract,including 46 chlorogenic acids,19 flavonoids,29 iridoid glycosides and 19 newly-generated compounds(including 17 sulfur-containing derivatives).In addition,5-CQA(5-caffeoylquinic acid,chlorogenic acid)was chosen to be sulfur-fumigated for the result validation.It was found that the most significant change of LJF after sulfur fumigation was the occurrence of sulfate or sulfite esterification reactions,which resulted in the emergence of many new sulfur-containing components.Our results demonstrated that the established method was a useful and efficient analytical tool to comprehensively characterize the material basis of SF-LJF,and also an excellent guidance of quality control about LJF.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Guangming District Health System Scientific Research Project(2020R01120).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the use of the classical Chinese medicine formula Sihu Powder modified decoction for postoperative fumigation and sitz bath in patients with perianal abscess,aiming to promote wound healing and reduce medical burden.[Methods]An observational cohort study was conducted,selecting 200 patients with perianal abscess who underwent surgery in Shenzhen Guangming District People's Hospital.They were randomly divided into a treatment group and an observation group,with 100 cases in each group.Both groups followed the same surgical and antibiotic treatment principles.Starting from the first postoperative day,the treatment group received fumigation and sitz bath with modified Sihu Powder for decoction twice daily;the observation group used Compound Huangbai Liquid for fumigation and sitz bath twice daily.Indicators including pain score,wound secretion score,wound granulation tissue growth score,multidrug-resistant bacterial infection clearance rate,antibiotic usage days,and wound healing rate were observed in both groups 7,14 and 21 d after operation.[Results]On postoperative day 7,the differences in postoperative pain score,wound secretions,and multidrug-resistant bacterial clearance rate between the treatment group and the observation group were statistically significant.On postoperative day 14,the differences between the two groups were significant in indicators including pain score,wound secretions,wound granulation tissue growth,multidrug-resistant bacterial clearance rate,and wound healing rate.On postoperative day 21,the difference in wound healing rate between the two groups was significant;furthermore,the antibiotic usage days in the treatment group were significantly fewer than those in the observation group.[Conclusions]Modified Sihu Powder for fumigation and washing can effectively alleviate postoperative pain in perianal abscess patients,inhibit the colonization and infection of multidrug-resistant bacteria at the wound site,accelerate wound healing,reduce antibiotic usage intensity and medical burden.It possesses advantages such as being economical,effective,safe,and easy to operate,making it worthy of clinical promotion.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Mechanism of An's Anorectal Fumigation Lotion in the Treatment of Inflammatory Mixed hemorrhoids based on Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Pathway(No.CI2021A02104)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which An's anorectal fumigation lotion(AAFL)treats inflammatory mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS:Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats,with an equal number of males and females,were randomly assigned to the following four groups:control,model,AAFL,and positive groups.Following hemorrhoid induction,hemorrhoidal tissues were collected from the rats for analysis.Pathological alterations in these tissues were examined via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect inflammatory markers.The ultrastructural pathological changes in these tissues were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to analyze the gene and protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65,inhibitor of kappa-B(IκB),inhibitor of NF-κB kinase(IκK-β),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the rats in each treatment group showed general improvements in hemorrhoidal tissue pathology.The AAFL group showed increased IκB expression and decreased IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,NF-κB,p65,and IκK-βexpressions.CONCLUSION:AAFL can decrease the production of inflammatory markers by targeting the NF-κB pathway,resulting in improved pathological conditions in mixed hemorrhoids.Our findings will aid in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids.
基金Supported by Key R&D Projects of Guangxi Science and Technology Department(GUIKE AB21196057)Science and Technology Plan Project of Liangqing District in 2022(202202)+4 种基金Self Funded Research Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration(GXZYZ20210193)"Young Seedling Project"Talent Cultivation Project in Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital(2022001)Construction Project of High-level Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Zhuang Pharmacy)in National Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineHigh-level Talent Cultivation and Innovation Team Funding Project in Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2022A008)Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Cross Innovation Team Project(GZKJ2309).
文摘At present,there is little research on the application of Zhuang medicine fumigation lotions in skin diseases,and there is no research on related preparation processes and quality standards.In this paper,the characteristics of its formulation and the research progress in skin diseases are reviewed,in order to deepen the understanding of Zhuang medicine fumigation lotions and provide a more detailed theoretical basis for its clinical research,development and application.
文摘Orthopedic surgeries often require a long recovery period, but Hui medicine offers promising strategies for rapid rehabilitation. This paper explores the integration of Hui medicine into postoperative care, focusing on herbal remedies, physical therapies, and dietary adjustments. It uses a variety of methods, such as pasting, Tazi, acupuncture, diet therapy, medicine therapy, etc., to provide comprehensive treatment for various bone diseases. In the field of Hui medicine, through in-depth research and clinical verification, more therapies and drugs with unique curative effects have been discovered. Orthopedic rehabilitation and fumigation therapy play an important role in the rehabilitation stage of the disease, helping patients recover limb function, reduce pain, and improve quality of life. This paper elaborates on the spread and influence of Islamic Arab medical civilization in China and introduces the outstanding achievements of Hui medicine department and Hui medicine as important branches of this medical system. Through the in-depth study of relevant literature and historical data, the brilliant achievements of Hui medicine in inheritance and innovation are further revealed. In addition, the article also discusses the combination of modern science, technology, and traditional medicine--which has injected new vitality into the development of traditional medicine. Hui medicine, with its unique theoretical system and therapeutic methods, offers promising approaches to enhance the recovery process. Rehabilitation, acupuncture and fumigation treatment are typical representatives of the Sinicization of Islamic Arab medical civilization, and have made important contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, the rich experience and unique therapy of Hui medicine provide useful reference and inspiration for modern medicine. This paper overviews the effectiveness of Hui medicine in promoting rapid rehabilitation after orthopedic surgery.
文摘Two soils with relatively high (Soil 1) and low (Soil 2) ammonium fixation capacities were used in thisstudy to extalne the effect of ammonium fixation on the determination of N mineralised from soil ndcrobialbiomass. organism suspellsioll was quantitatively introduced to Soil 1 at various rates. Both fumigation-incubation (FI) and fumigation-ext raction (FE ) met hods were used to t reat t he soil. The amount of ffeedNH4+-N increased with increasing rate of organism-N addition. A close correlation was found between theamoun of fixed aznmonium and the rate of organism-N addition. The net increso of fixed NH4+-N wereequivalent to 38% and 12% of the added organism-N for FI and FE treatments, respectively in this specificsoil. To provide isotopic evidence, 15N-labelled organism-N was added to Soils 1 and 2 at 121.4 mg N kg-1.In FI treatment, 22 and 3 mg N kg-1 of labelled N were found in the fraction of fixed NH4+-N in Soils 1 and2 respectively; while in FE treatment, 9 mg N kg-1 of labelled N was found in the fraction of fixed NH4+-Nin Soil 1 only. There was no labelled N in the fraction of fixed NH4+-N in Soil 2. In all of the unfumigated(check) soils, there was little or no labelled N in the fixed fractions, probably because the organism-N addedwas easily mineralized and nitrified. A mean of 0.64 for KN value, the fraction of N ndneralized in the killedmicrobial biomass, was obtained with inclusion of the net increase of fixed NH4+-N. The corresponding valuecalculated with exclusion of the net increase of fixed NH4+-N was 0.46. It was concluded that ammniumfixation was a problem in determination of KN, particularly for soils with a high ammonium fixation capacity.Results also showed that microbial biomass N measurement by FE method was less affected by ammoniumprocess than that by FI method.
基金Supported by Doctoral Research Fund of Yangtze UniversityEducational Commission of Hubei Province of China(Q200712003)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the biological activity of insecticidal components of Seleng Wormwood on cabbage butterfly （Pieris rapae）.[Method] With the assisted condition of microwave heating,ethanol,ethyl ether,water and methylbenzene were selected as solvents to extract Seleng Wormwood,and the antifeedant,stomach toxicity,contact toxicity and fumigation activities of various solvent extracts against cabbage butterfly were determined.[Result] Various solvent extracts all showed certain antifeedant,stomach toxicity,contact toxicity and fumigation activity against the larvae of cabbage butterfly,and the biological activity of ethanol extract was the strongest.[Conclusion]The results could provide reference for development and utilization of botanical pesticides of Seleng Wormwood.
文摘Numerous soil biochemical methods are used to determine the soil health status, but the relationships among these methods are not well understood. Relationships among soil biochemical tests, 1) chloroform fumigated microbial biomass C (CFMBC), 2) permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), 3) Solvita CO2-burst (Solvita), 4) Solvita labile amino nitrogen (SLAN), and short-term soil CO2 efflux during laboratory incubation using (v) Alkali-base trap (Alkali) and (vi) infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), were evaluated for nine agricultural soils collected across the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, USA. Not a single test is comprehensive to relate with all soil biochemical tests. Coefficient of variation percentage for particular method varied with soil type. Among six tests, CFMBC is significantly (p < 0.05) related with Alkali (r = 0.37), Solvita (r = 0.57), SLAN (r = 0.52), and POXC (r = 0.68). Soil CFMBC correlates with most of soil biochemical tests and can be potential to determine soil biochemical condition.
文摘Frankincense is also called“Fumigated land,”“Horsetail spice,”and“Godsend spice.”The alias“Fumigated land”shows its strong fragrance that can cover the whole land.The name of“Horsetail spice”implies its morphologic characteristics and mild effects,and another name of“Godsend spice”indicates its functions of relieving swelling and pain,healing sore,and growing muscle,as if it is the grace donated by God.The name of“Frankincense”displays its complex productive progress.With thick quality and strong fragrance,frankincense acts as daily supplies for religious activities and folk activities due to its low price and a wide range of uses in medicine and daily life.Frankincense shows the infinite charm of spice culture along the Silk Road from the distant Western Regions to the East.At the same time,it enriches the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and becomes one of the most popular spices in both eastern and western,nobility and common.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the killing effect of mixed fumi- gation of phosphine and carbon dioxide on eggs of Lasioderma serricorne F. [Method] The outside-storage phosphine generator was placed in a tabernacled smoke box, and the mortality rates of L. serricome F. eggs in the smoke box under conditions of different aluminium phosphide usage amount and different fumigation time were studied. In addition, the times needed by tabernacle and smoke box cen- ter to reach the phosphine concentration peak were recorded. [Result] The optimum conditions for killing the eggs of L. serricorne were as follows： temperature of （27± 2） ℃, relatively humidity of （45±5）%, aluminium phosphide usage amount of 1.5 g/m3 and effective exposure time of 96 h. The killing effect of mixed fumigation of phos- phine and carbon dioxide was increased with the extension of fumigation time. The increased usage amount of aluminium phosphide showed no significant effect on killing effect. The tabernacle space and smoke box center all required relatively short time to reach the phosphine concentration peak. If the tabernacle had a good airtightness, the overall fumigation time could be shortened. [Conclusion] The fumi- gation method is reliable, and it can be used for the control of L. serricorne F. in tobacco storage.
基金Project supported by the Sino-Italy Environmental Cooperation Fund.
文摘This study was designed to understand the impact of methyl bromide (MB) (CH3Br) and its alternatives on both free-living and root-knot nematodes in the soil. A randomized complete block experiment with six treatments and 4 replicates (each replicate in a separate greenhouse) was established in Qingzhou, Shandong Province, China. In addition to MB and untreated control (CK) treatments there were four alternative soil fumigation practices including MB+virtually impermeable films (VIF), metam sodium (MS), MS +VIF and soil solarization combined with selected biological control agents (SS+BCA). Two tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) cultivars, cv. Maofen-802 from the Xian Institute of Vegetable Science, China, and cv. AF179 Brillante from the Israeli Hazera Quality Seeds, were selected as test crops. The results indicated that Rhabditidae was the most dominant population with percentage abundance as high as 85% of the total number of identified free-living nematodes, followed by that of Cephalobidae. Methyl bromide and its alternatives except for the non-chemical SS+BCA treatment controlled the target pest, root-knot nematodes. Also, the impact of the three chemical alternatives on free-living nematode number and functional group abundance was similar to the impact associated with a typical methyl bromide application. Chemical fumigation practices, especially that with MB, significantly reduced the number of nematodes in the soil and simultaneously significantly reduced the number of nematode genera thereby reducing nematode diversity. All the four soil chemical fumigation activities decreased soil microbial biomass and had an obvious initial impact on microorganism biomass. Furthermore, both plant-parasitic and fungivore nematodes were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass.
基金Project supported by Zhejiang Keystone Projects (No.2005C22056)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.Y5080011)
文摘Objective： To study the oxidative stress and antioxidative response of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings exposed to nitrogen dioxide （NO2） fumigation. Methods： Measurements were made up of the growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation of one-year-old C. camphora seedlings exposed to NO2 （0.1, 0.5, and 4 μl/L） fumigation in open top chambers over a period of 60 d. Results： After the first 30 d, 0.5 and 4.0 μl/L NO2 showed insignificant effects on the growth of C. camphora seedlings. However, exposure to 0.5 and 4.0 pilL NO2 for 15 d significantly reduced their chlorophyll content （P〈0.05）, enhanced their malondialdehyde （MDA） content and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity （P〈0.05）, and also significantly reduced the maximal quantum yield of PSII in the dark [the ratio of variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence （Fv/Fm）] （P〈0.05）. In the latter 30 d, 0.5μl/L NO2 showed a positive effect on the vitality of the seedlings, which was reflected by a recovery in the ratio of Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content, and obviously enhanced growth, SOD activity, ascorbate （AsA） content and glutathione reductase （GR） activity （P〈0.05）; 4.0 pilL NO2 then showed a negative effect, indicated by significant reductions in chlorophyll content and the ratio of Fv/Fm, and inhibited growth （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The results suggest adaptation of C. camphora seedlings to 60-d exposure to 0.1 and 0.5 μl/L NO2, but not to 60-d exposure to 4.0 pilL NO2 C. camphora seedlings may protect themselves from injury by strengthening their antioxidant system in response to NO2-induced oxidative stress.
基金the California Department of Food and Agriculture Fruit Tree, Nut Tree, and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board, USA
文摘Due to increasing regulations and restrictions, there is an urgent need to develop effective alternatives to chemical-dependent fumigation control of soilborne pests and pathogens. Anaerobic soil disinfestation （ASD） is one such alternative showing great promise for use in the control of soilborne pathogens and pests. This method involves the application of a carbon source, irrigation to field capacity, and covering the soil with a plastic tarp. While the mechanisms of ASD are not completely understood, they appear to be a combination of changes in the soil microbial community composition, production of volatile organic compounds, and the generation of lethal anaerobic conditions. The variety of materials and options for ASD application, including carbon sources, soil temperature, and plastic tarp type, influence the efficacy of pathogen sup- pression and disease control. Currently, both dry （e.g., rice bran） and liquid （e.g., ethanol） carbon sources are commonly used, but with different results depending on environmental conditions. While solarization is not an essential component of ASD, it can enhance efficacy. Understanding the mechanisms that mediate biological changes occurring in the soil during ASD will facilitate our ability to increase ASD efficacy while enhancing its commercial viability.
基金supported by the Research Fund from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, 2009ZX10004-502 and 2009ZX10004-709
文摘Objective To evaluate the performance of vaporized hydrogen peroxide （VHP） for the bio-decontamination of the high efficiency particulate air （HEPA） filter unit. Methods Self-made or commercially available bioindicators were placed at designated locations in the HEPA filter unit under VHP fumigation. The spores on coupons were then extracted by 0.5 h submergence in eluent followed by 200- time violent knocks. Results Due to the presence of HEPA filter in the box, spore recovery from coupons placed at the bottom of the filter downstream was significantly higher than that from coupons placed at the other locations. The gap of decontamination efficiency between the top and the bottom of the filter downstream became narrower with the exposure time extended. The decontamination efficiency of the bottom of the filter downstream only improved gently with the injection rate of H202 increased and the decontamination efficiency decreased instead when the injection rate exceeded 2.5 g/min. The commercially available bioindicators were competent to indicate the disinfection efficiency of VHP for the HEPA filter unit. Conclusion The HEPA filter unit is more difficult than common enclosure to decontaminate using VHP fumigation. Complete decontamination can be achieved by extending fumigation time. VHP fumigation can be applied for in-situ biodecontamination of the HEPA filter unit as an alternative method to formaldehyde fumigation.
文摘Objective:To test fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene—rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp.capitation(L.).Methods:The fumigant toxicity test was performed at(27±1)℃.(65± 5)%relative humidity,and under darkness condition and 24 h exposure time.The chemical composition of the isolated oils was examined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.Results:The major compounds were α-cadiuol(46.2%),earyophyllene oxide(25.9%),α muurolol epi(8.1%),cadalene(3.7%) and longiverbenone(2.9%).In all cases,considerable differences in mortality of insect to essential oil vapor were observed in different concentrations and exposure times.Callosobruchus maculatus(C.maculates)(LC_(50)=148.9μL/L air) was more susceptible to the tested plant product than Teucrium castaneum(T.castaneum)(LC_(50)=360.2μL/L ain based on LC_(50)values.In the present investigation,the concentration of 3μ L /mL acetone showed 60% and 52% repellency against T.casteneum and C.maculatus adults,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggests that sesquiterpene—rich essential oils from the tested plant could be used as a potential control agent for stored—product insects.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81170825, No.81470609)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20123706110003)+1 种基金The Youth Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2013HQ007)The Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2012HZ001)
文摘AIM： To explore the expression of SIOOB in corneal epithelial cells under ,Aspergillus stimulation both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS： Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells （HCECs） were exposed to inactive #lsperg///us fumigatus （A. fumigatus） conidia at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24h respectively. The corneas of Wistar rats were exposed to active A. fumigatus at 0, 12, 24, 48h and the normal rat corneas were used for normal control. The mRNA level of S100B was evaluated by real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. Sl00B protein expression in cornea epithelium was detected by immunohistochemical/immunocytochemical staining （IHC/ICC）. RESULTS： Histopathology revealed a significant inflammatory cell infiltration in fungal keratitis human and rat cornea. Corneal epithelial cells didn＇t express or rarely express S100B at baseline. A. fumigatus significantly induced S100B mRNA expression in cultured corneal epithelial cells in a time depended manner in vitro the mRNA began to rise significantly at 8h in vitro （P〈0.05） and continue to rise as time prolonged （P〈0.01）. in vivo S100B mRNA level was low in the normal corneas. However, it was increased in keratitis corneas from 12h after infection （P〈0.05） and reached to a peak at 24h （P〈0.001）. Immunochemistry revealed an obvious staining in fungal keratitis corneas as well as immortalized HCECs compared to the normal ones respectively, indicating an increased expression of SlOOB protein. CONCLUSION： S100B exists in corneal epithelial cells and is over-expressed under A. fumigatus stimulation. Sl00B may play an important role in the innate immune response of the corneal epithelium during A. fumigatus infection.
基金supported by Beijing Team-Innovation, Modern Agricultural and Industrial Technology Innovation System of China (2010B064)the Program on Substituted Technology for Methyl Bromide in China (Special Finance of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, 2110402) over the years
文摘The combination of 1,3-dichloropropene＋dimethyl disulfide （1,3-D＋DMDS）, which forms a pre-plant soil fumigant, can provide a substitute for the environmentally unfriendly methyl bromide （MB）. Three greenhouse trials were performed to evaluate the root-knot nematode and soilborne fungi control efficacy in the suburbs of Beijing in China in 2010-2014. Randomized blocks with three replicates were designed in each trial. The combination of 1,3-D＋DMDS （10＋30 g m-2） significantly controlled Meloidogyne incognita, effectively suppressed the infestation of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora spp., and successfully provided high commercial fruit yields （equal to MB but higher than 1,3-D or DMDS）. The fumigant soil treatments were significantly better than the untreated controls. These results indicate that 1,3-D＋DMDS soil treatments can be applied by soil injection or chemigation as a promising MB alternative against soilborne pests in cucumber in China.
文摘The detection in August 2015 of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Redland area in Miami-Dade County, Florida triggered a quarantine that restricted the movement of fruit fly host material in an approximately 99-square mile (256-square kilometer) area. The quarantine affected 4000 acres of fruit bearing commercial avocado groves. Approved post-harvest treatments for B. dorsalis and avocado included in the USDA Treatment Manual were acceptable for immediate certification and movement of fresh avocados from the quarantine area. However, it was unknown if Florida avocados would meet quality standards (US combination grade) after the treatments. Three post-harvest treatments that combine methyl bromide fumigation and cold storage periods were tested on six avocado varieties from Florida. The treatments differed in the durations of the fumigation and cold treatment periods. A seven day transit period at 8.3°C (47°F) was added to account for the time when the fruit leaves the packing house until it is sold by retailers. None of the six varieties had met the US combination grade after the treatments and transit period. Treated fruit exhibited both internal (pulp) and external (skin) damage. Damage was attributed to the fumigation component of the treatment, but the six varieties tolerated the cold portion of the treatment. Damage by fumigation ranged from 26% - 100%. In general, the longer the fumigation period the worse the effect. The need for alternative post-harvest treatments for Florida avocados is discussed.
文摘Objective:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing Western medicine with Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)fumigation in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods:The China Biomedical Literature,Chinese full-text periodical,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang,PubMed,EMbase,and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials published from inception through May 2015.The methodological quality of eligible studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk Bias Assessment tool,and summarized effects were calculated using Reviewer Manager 5.1 software.Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the duration of intervention.Results:The initial search identified 312 relevant studies,of which 40 randomized controlled trials involving 3497 patients were eligible for analysis.The results indicated that TCM fumigation significantly improved the curative effects[risk ratio(RR)=1.34,95%CI(confidence interval):1.29e1.39],common peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity[standard mean difference(SMD)=2.93,95%CI:2.26e3.61],common peroneal sensory nerve conduction velocity(SMD=2.23,95%CI:1.46e3.01),and plasma viscosity(SMD=1.02,95%CI:1.35e0.69)compared to Western medicine alone(all p<0.01).A subgroup analysis indicated that the curative effects were significant after 15 days(RR=1.31,95%CI:1.21e1.42),30 days(RR=1.33,95%CI:1.26e1.40),and 60 days(RR=1.50,95%CI:1.32e1.71)of combined treatment(all p<0.01).
