Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herb...Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herbaceous plants,with notable applications in species such as Arabidopsis(Yin et al.,2024),soybean(Zhang et al.,2024),rice(Zhang et al.,2020),and Chinese cabbage(Li et al.,2021).However,its application in fruit trees is limited.This is primarily due to their long growth cycles and lack of rapid,efficient,and stable transgenic systems,which severely hinders foundational research involving plant genetic transformation(Mei et al.,2024).Furthermore,for subtropical fruit trees,the presence of recalcitrant seeds adds an extra layer of difficulty to genetic transformation(Umarani et al.,2015),as most methods rely on seed germination as a basis for transformation.展开更多
Terpenoids are vital secondary metabolites in plants that function as agents for defense and stress resistance.These genes not only play crucial roles in plant growth and development but also function in diverse biolo...Terpenoids are vital secondary metabolites in plants that function as agents for defense and stress resistance.These genes not only play crucial roles in plant growth and development but also function in diverse biological group interactions.Terpenoids released by fruit trees possess defensive properties and constitute a class of aromatic compounds.For some fruits,terpenoids are indispensable indicators for evaluating fruit quality and the economic value.Significant research progress has been made in terpenoids biosynthesis and regulation.In this review,we introduce the main terpenoids of fruit trees,emphasize synthetic enzymes and regulatory factors involved in the mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol pathway,and analyze TPS gene family identification and diversity in several fruit tree species.Moreover,the regulation of terpenes biosynthesis,including the molecular interaction mechanisms of environmental factors and hormone signaling pathways,are comprehensively described.Our objective is to summarize the molecular regulatory network and research foundation of terpenoids biosynthesis,providing a reference for investigations of metabolic pathways and promoting the development of techniques for the regulation and breeding of terpenoids in fruit trees.展开更多
CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, has rapidly garnered attention in plant science owing to its simplicity, high editing efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Besides, it offers unprecedented pre...CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, has rapidly garnered attention in plant science owing to its simplicity, high editing efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Besides, it offers unprecedented precision and efficiency in the genetic improvement of fruit trees. To date, this technology has been widely utilized to enhance fruit quality, improve stress resistance, and mediate growth and development. These applications demonstrate its immense potential in fruit tree breeding. Looking ahead, advancements in editing efficiency, expanded application scopes, comprehensive safety assessments, and improved regulatory frameworks are expected to further broaden the role of CRISPR/Cas9 in fruit tree breeding, thereby driving the fruit tree industry toward higher yield, superior quality, enhanced stress resilience, higher efficiency, and contributing to global food security and sustainable agricultural development. This article outlines the fundamental principles of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, its applications in plants (including fruit trees), and its pivotal role in genetic improvement and germplasm innovation.展开更多
The most recent research findings on the tolerance of fruit trees to cold stress are reviewed from a molecular perspective,including the perception and transduction of low temperature calcium signaling,CBF-dependent m...The most recent research findings on the tolerance of fruit trees to cold stress are reviewed from a molecular perspective,including the perception and transduction of low temperature calcium signaling,CBF-dependent molecular regulatory mechanisms,non-CBF-dependent molecular regulatory mechanisms,and so forth.The objective is to provide a reference basis for further improving the cold resistance of fruit trees and cultivating new varieties of hardy plants.展开更多
Biochar and biochar-based fertilizer are effective ways to realize the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes.Because of its soil improvement,yield increase,quality improvement and significant enviro...Biochar and biochar-based fertilizer are effective ways to realize the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes.Because of its soil improvement,yield increase,quality improvement and significant environmental effects,it has become a research hotspot,and its application in agriculture has also increased.In this paper,the preparation,types,application methods and effects of biochar-based fertilizer on fruit trees were summarized.Finally,this paper discussed the application prospects of biochar-based fertilizer on fruit trees.展开更多
Neglected and underutilized species of plants(NUS)have been identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization as valuable resources for fighting poverty,hunger and malnutrition as they can help make agricultural pro...Neglected and underutilized species of plants(NUS)have been identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization as valuable resources for fighting poverty,hunger and malnutrition as they can help make agricultural production systems more sustainable and resilient.Adaptation of NUS to changing environments over several millennia has rendered most of these plants resistant to pests and climate change.In this paper,we explore the potential values of some of the Mayan fruit trees justifying conservation efforts in their native habitats.Our research was primarily based on a scoping review using Google Scholar.We considered articles published in English,Spanish and Portuguese.Our review rendered two sets of articles including those focusing on the nutritional and medicinal properties of NUS and their products,and those focusing on their uses in traditional medicine.Both sets of papers strongly support arguments for conservation of NUS.Additionally,our scoping review expands and includes a case study on the conservation of NUS,highlighting the critical role of civil society on how it can spearhead rescue efforts of botanical resources through the creation of what is possibly the first arboretum of its kind in the Americas.Among the project's key selling points was not only the rescue of an important component of Yucatan's cultural heritage but its nutritional value as well as its potential medicinal properties.Our paper is not prescriptive on how to preserve or even commercially exploit NUS.It is intended as a thought-provoking piece on the potential of a One Health approach as a multi-sectoral platform to support conservation efforts,while stimulating greater interest in the subject and encouraging more action from the academic and pharmaceutical sectors as well as civil society.展开更多
Mineral nutrition is the material basis for growth and development,yield and quality of fruit trees. It exerts a great effect on the growth and development,fruit quality,yield,and resistance of fruit trees. On the bas...Mineral nutrition is the material basis for growth and development,yield and quality of fruit trees. It exerts a great effect on the growth and development,fruit quality,yield,and resistance of fruit trees. On the basis of reading a large number of references both at home and abroad,this paper elaborated the relationship between mineral nutrient elements and growth and fruit yield and quality of fruit trees,so as to make proper fertilizer mixing,balance the fertilizer application,promote growth and development of fruit trees,and increase the yield of fruit trees and improve the fruit quality.展开更多
The genus Citrus L. has a long controversial taxonomy history, and a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group in the future will provide new information for advancing breeding techniq...The genus Citrus L. has a long controversial taxonomy history, and a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group in the future will provide new information for advancing breeding techniques and developing better conservation strategies. In the present study, three cpDNA fragments （TrnL-TrnF, PsbH-PetB, and TrnS-TrnG） of 30 genotypes chosen from the six genera of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group were analyzed. A molecular phylogenetic tree of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group ＂~as reconstructed based on plastid DNA sequences. The results confirmed that the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group was monophyletic, and thereby the group was divided into genera as previously suggested based on morphological characters. The cpDNA data also suggested that Poncirus might be the first genus separated from the other five genera in the group. The genus Fortunella were of hybrid origin and Citrus might be as its putative paternal parent. The genera Microcitrus, Eremocitrus, and Clymenia were possibly monophyletic and their common ancestor might branch out from Citrus. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships within the Citrus genus were discussed.展开更多
Second bloom of fruit trees refers to the flowering and fruit-bearing of fruit trees after autumn harvest, which seriously influences the yield and economic benefits of fruit trees. By analyzing the causes of second b...Second bloom of fruit trees refers to the flowering and fruit-bearing of fruit trees after autumn harvest, which seriously influences the yield and economic benefits of fruit trees. By analyzing the causes of second bloom, remedies are given to make scientific preventive measures and realize high-quality and high-yield cultivation of fruit trees.展开更多
Magnesium is an essential nutrient element for the growth and development of fruit trees.It not only participates in photosynthesis of plants,but also promotes physiological and biochemical reactions such as carbohydr...Magnesium is an essential nutrient element for the growth and development of fruit trees.It not only participates in photosynthesis of plants,but also promotes physiological and biochemical reactions such as carbohydrate and protein synthesis,enzyme activation,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism.Magnesium deficiency in fruit trees will directly influence the growth and development of trees and the improvement of fruit quality.This study mainly reviews the nutritional and physiological mechanism of magnesium in plants and the nutritional diagnosis of magnesium deficiency in fruit trees,in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research on magnesium nutrition in fruit trees,and accordingly provide a certain reference for the application of magnesium fertilizer.展开更多
Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)are widely involved in a variety of atmospheric chemical processes due to their high reactivity and species diversity.To date,however,research on BVOCs in agroecosystems,parti...Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)are widely involved in a variety of atmospheric chemical processes due to their high reactivity and species diversity.To date,however,research on BVOCs in agroecosystems,particularly fruit trees,remains scarce despite their large cultivation area and economic interest.BVOC emissions from different organs(leaf or fruit)of apple and peach trees were investigated throughout the stages of fruit development(FS,fruit swelling;FC,fruit coloration;FM,fruit maturity;and FP,fruit postharvest)using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer.Results indicated that methanol was the most abundant compound emitted by the leaf(apple tree leaf 492.5±47.9 ng/(g·hr),peach tree leaf 938.8±154.5 ng/(g·hr)),followed by acetic acid and green leaf volatiles.Beside the above three compounds,acetaldehyde had an important contribution to the emissions from the fruit.Overall,the total BVOCs(sum of eight compounds studied in this paper)emitted by both leaf and fruit gradually decreased along the fruit development,although the effect was significant only for the leaf.The leaf(2020.8±258.8 ng/(g·hr))was a stronger BVOC emitter than the fruit(146.0±45.7 ng/(g·hr))(P=0.006),and there were no significant differences in total BVOC emission rates between apple and peach trees.These findings contribute to our understanding on BVOC emissions from different plant organs and provide important insights into the variation of BVOC emissions across different fruit developmental stages.展开更多
Fruit growing has played a huge role in solving food supply issues in many countries.However,the yield and quality of fruits can be affected by various diseases,and thus timely and accurate identification of disease c...Fruit growing has played a huge role in solving food supply issues in many countries.However,the yield and quality of fruits can be affected by various diseases,and thus timely and accurate identification of disease conditions is particularly important.Currently,using image recognition and object detection technology to diagnose fruit tree diseases has become a research hotspot in forestry informatization.Convolutional neural networks eliminate the preprocessing of manual feature selection and have high recognition performance.However,it is not easy to train due to the risk of gradient disappearance.In order to achieve better recognition effect,this research addresses the problem of applying small-scale data samples through data enhancement and transfer learning,and it optimizes the model by combining the two main attention mechanisms of SE and CBAM with ResNet50.Through experiments,it is found that the CBAM ResNet50 model has the best effect,improving the application performance of the studied model in actual scenarios.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for stable and highly effective intercropping arrangements and scientific management measures by selecting apple, pear, peach, apricot, walnut, jujube and other f...[Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for stable and highly effective intercropping arrangements and scientific management measures by selecting apple, pear, peach, apricot, walnut, jujube and other fruit trees to study their influence on yield, fiber quality and economic returns of intercropped cotton in southern Xinjiang. [Method] Based on major cropping pattern in production, randomized block design was adopted to explore growth indicators, canopy micrometeorological indicators, yield and fiber quality in key growth stage. [Result] Shading has a significant effect on cotton canopy micro-environment and canopy diameter is proportional to shading effect. According to comparisons of the same tree type, the change of canopy micro-environment was as follows： under canopyouter canopymiddle points and peachpearapplewalnutjujube for comparisons among different tree types. Canopy diameter is directly proportional to the number of tree branch and boll weight reductions and shading is the main cause of yield reduction. The canopy expansion is the major cause of decline of light intensity, temperature and humidity of cotton canopy. [Conclusion] Fruit trees, which will promote cotton yield,quality and canopy-environment, are as follows： jujube walnut apple pear peach trees. In practice, trees, which are small in canopy or well trimmed, are popular in production, such as jujube trees, to improve cotton yield and fiber quality.展开更多
Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),or Chinese date,is the most important species of Rhamnaceae,a large cosmopolitan family,and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world.It originates from the middle and lowe...Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),or Chinese date,is the most important species of Rhamnaceae,a large cosmopolitan family,and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world.It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the‘mother river’of the Chinese people.It is distributed in at least 48 countries on all continents except Antarctica and is becoming increasingly important,especially in arid and semiarid marginal lands.Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube,we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit.We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields,including genome sequencing and application,germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy,breeding and genetics,cultivation theory and techniques,pest control,postharvest physiology and techniques,and nutrition and processing.Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry,we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to explore a kind of zinc preparation suitable for injection on trees with fast, efficient and safe cure effect on physiological disease of zinc deficiency. [Method] Taking three years old ...[ Objective ] The paper was to explore a kind of zinc preparation suitable for injection on trees with fast, efficient and safe cure effect on physiological disease of zinc deficiency. [Method] Taking three years old apple, pear, peach and grape trees as the materials, the author studied the absorption condition of these trees to six kinds of zinc substances and their security. The sealed curative effects of the injected zinc substances which were harmful and could be absorbed steadily by the fruit trees against rosette disease were studied. [ Result] The results of absorption condition and security experiments showed that only zinc-mmnonia complex could be absorbed steadily and safely throughout four seasons. When apple, pear, peach and grape trees affected by rosette disease were injected with zinc- ammonia complex, the leaves of those trees started to grow obviously after 10 d; the internodes of diseased branches elongated, the leaves turned bigger, and the ap- pearance of branches became normal after about 25 d. [ Conclusion] The curative effect of perforated injection of zinc-ammonia complex on fruit tree rosette disease was remarkable. The results also provided a new way for the cure of deficiency diseases of other trace elements.展开更多
Pygmy lorises are arboreal primates primarily found in forest environments across Southeast Asia(Nekaris 2014).Theyhave a diverse diet,including plant secretions,nectar,fruits,invertebrates,tree bark,and bird eggs.All...Pygmy lorises are arboreal primates primarily found in forest environments across Southeast Asia(Nekaris 2014).Theyhave a diverse diet,including plant secretions,nectar,fruits,invertebrates,tree bark,and bird eggs.All 9 known speciesof pygmy lorises are listed as globally endangered species(Nekaris 2014).Pygmy lorises exhibit a range of unique phenotypic characteristics rarely seen among primates.展开更多
Based on ASP.NET,a orange fruit tree fertilizer expert system software was developed.The system could simulate and decide an annual fertilization plan for young and mature trees in terms of geographical position and c...Based on ASP.NET,a orange fruit tree fertilizer expert system software was developed.The system could simulate and decide an annual fertilization plan for young and mature trees in terms of geographical position and climate.This paper introduced the design conditions,framework,production,and deployment of the system.It exhibited characters of orange specialty and was a typical online agriculture expert system.The use of the system for orange fruit management could decrease production cost,guarantee orange quality and improve economical benefit at the same time.Farmer using the system saved N input by 41-238 g/plant,P2O5 input 3-24 g/plant,and K2O input 1-36 g/plant,and got higher yield by 6-17 kg/plant.展开更多
Mathematical models have been widely employed for the simulation of growth dynamics of annual crops,thereby performing yield prediction,but not for fruit tree species such as jujube tree(Zizyphus jujuba).The objective...Mathematical models have been widely employed for the simulation of growth dynamics of annual crops,thereby performing yield prediction,but not for fruit tree species such as jujube tree(Zizyphus jujuba).The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential use of a modified WOFOST model for predicting jujube yield by introducing tree age as a key parameter.The model was established using data collected from dedicated field experiments performed in 2016-2018.Simulated growth dynamics of dry weights of leaves,stems,fruits,total biomass and leaf area index(LAI) agreed well with measured values,showing root mean square error(RMSE) values of 0.143,0.333,0.366,0.624 t ha^-1 and 0.19,and R2 values of 0.947,0.976,0.985,0.986 and 0.95,respectively.Simulated phenological development stages for emergence,anthesis and maturity were 2,3 and 3 days earlier than the observed values,respectively.In addition,in order to predict the yields of trees with different ages,the weight of new organs(initial buds and roots) in each growing season was introduced as the initial total dry weight(TDWI),which was calculated as averaged,fitted and optimized values of trees with the same age.The results showed the evolution of the simulated LAI and yields profiled in response to the changes in TDWI.The modelling performance was significantly improved when it considered TDWI integrated with tree age,showing good global(R2≥0.856,RMSE≤0.68 t ha^-1) and local accuracies(mean R2≥0.43,RMSE≤0.70 t ha^-1).Furthermore,the optimized TDWI exhibited the highest precision,with globally validated R2 of 0.891 and RMSE of 0.591 t ha^-1,and local mean R2 of 0.57 and RMSE of 0.66 t ha^-1,respectively.The proposed model was not only verified with the confidence to accurately predict yields of jujube,but it can also provide a fundamental strategy for simulating the growth of other fruit trees.展开更多
International trade intensifies the process of globalization which has extended to the entire planet and extends to the entire planet. In view of the difficulties of installing these documentary systems in developing ...International trade intensifies the process of globalization which has extended to the entire planet and extends to the entire planet. In view of the difficulties of installing these documentary systems in developing countries, in particularly the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the new strategies of traceability emerge. Among the new tools of tracing the products of vegetable origin, a ＂biological code bar＂ based on the analysis of the DNA of micro-organisms present on the fruits is an interesting tool. A molecular technique employing 26S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE was used to detect the variation in yeast community structures of Shea tree fruits （Vitellaria paradoxa） from Senegal, Ghana and Mali. When the 26S rDNA profiles were analyzed by image analysis and multivariate analysis, distinct microbial communities were detected on Shea tree fruits. The band profiles of yeasts from different countries were specific for each location and could be used as a bar code to discriminate the origin of the fruits. This method is a new traceability tool which provides fruit products with an unique biological bar code and makes it possible to trace back the fruits to their original location.展开更多
The development of fruit industry is an important part of the rural economic development. It is not only a "cash cow" for farmers to increase their income and become rich, but also an important part of the d...The development of fruit industry is an important part of the rural economic development. It is not only a "cash cow" for farmers to increase their income and become rich, but also an important part of the development of adjusting the structure of agriculture and forestry industry. It is also one of the important measurement indicators for the economic development of agriculture and forestry. However, in the actual production process of agriculture and forestry, there are certain problems in the production and management of fruit industry, which affect the quality of fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the research on fruit tree planting technology and safety quality, fully learn from the successful experience of advanced developed areas, innovate and optimize the existing fruit tree planting technology, truly improve the planting level of fruit industry, improve the survival rate of fruit trees and realize the goal of green development and sustainable development of forest and fruit industry.展开更多
基金funded by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B0202070002)the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(Grant No.GuikeAA23023007-2)+1 种基金the Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project(2024CXTD19)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010303)。
文摘Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herbaceous plants,with notable applications in species such as Arabidopsis(Yin et al.,2024),soybean(Zhang et al.,2024),rice(Zhang et al.,2020),and Chinese cabbage(Li et al.,2021).However,its application in fruit trees is limited.This is primarily due to their long growth cycles and lack of rapid,efficient,and stable transgenic systems,which severely hinders foundational research involving plant genetic transformation(Mei et al.,2024).Furthermore,for subtropical fruit trees,the presence of recalcitrant seeds adds an extra layer of difficulty to genetic transformation(Umarani et al.,2015),as most methods rely on seed germination as a basis for transformation.
基金supported by the Major Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022CXGC010605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32001990)the Key R&D Projects in Ningxia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2022BBF02014).
文摘Terpenoids are vital secondary metabolites in plants that function as agents for defense and stress resistance.These genes not only play crucial roles in plant growth and development but also function in diverse biological group interactions.Terpenoids released by fruit trees possess defensive properties and constitute a class of aromatic compounds.For some fruits,terpenoids are indispensable indicators for evaluating fruit quality and the economic value.Significant research progress has been made in terpenoids biosynthesis and regulation.In this review,we introduce the main terpenoids of fruit trees,emphasize synthetic enzymes and regulatory factors involved in the mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol pathway,and analyze TPS gene family identification and diversity in several fruit tree species.Moreover,the regulation of terpenes biosynthesis,including the molecular interaction mechanisms of environmental factors and hormone signaling pathways,are comprehensively described.Our objective is to summarize the molecular regulatory network and research foundation of terpenoids biosynthesis,providing a reference for investigations of metabolic pathways and promoting the development of techniques for the regulation and breeding of terpenoids in fruit trees.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Start-up Fund for PhD.of Zhaoqing University(210046)the Zhaoqing Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project(231017174162871,241226220091239).
文摘CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, has rapidly garnered attention in plant science owing to its simplicity, high editing efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Besides, it offers unprecedented precision and efficiency in the genetic improvement of fruit trees. To date, this technology has been widely utilized to enhance fruit quality, improve stress resistance, and mediate growth and development. These applications demonstrate its immense potential in fruit tree breeding. Looking ahead, advancements in editing efficiency, expanded application scopes, comprehensive safety assessments, and improved regulatory frameworks are expected to further broaden the role of CRISPR/Cas9 in fruit tree breeding, thereby driving the fruit tree industry toward higher yield, superior quality, enhanced stress resilience, higher efficiency, and contributing to global food security and sustainable agricultural development. This article outlines the fundamental principles of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, its applications in plants (including fruit trees), and its pivotal role in genetic improvement and germplasm innovation.
基金Supported by Basic Research Fund of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2024020202)"Three-Three-Three"Talent Project of Hebei Province(C20231157)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)Hebei Agricultural Industry Research System(HBCT2024170406)Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(21326308D-1-2).
文摘The most recent research findings on the tolerance of fruit trees to cold stress are reviewed from a molecular perspective,including the perception and transduction of low temperature calcium signaling,CBF-dependent molecular regulatory mechanisms,non-CBF-dependent molecular regulatory mechanisms,and so forth.The objective is to provide a reference basis for further improving the cold resistance of fruit trees and cultivating new varieties of hardy plants.
基金Supported by Modern Agriculture(Citrus)Industrial Technology System Construction Project(CARS-26)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202310580007)Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund(Undergraduate Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation)Project(pdjh2024b406).
文摘Biochar and biochar-based fertilizer are effective ways to realize the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes.Because of its soil improvement,yield increase,quality improvement and significant environmental effects,it has become a research hotspot,and its application in agriculture has also increased.In this paper,the preparation,types,application methods and effects of biochar-based fertilizer on fruit trees were summarized.Finally,this paper discussed the application prospects of biochar-based fertilizer on fruit trees.
文摘Neglected and underutilized species of plants(NUS)have been identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization as valuable resources for fighting poverty,hunger and malnutrition as they can help make agricultural production systems more sustainable and resilient.Adaptation of NUS to changing environments over several millennia has rendered most of these plants resistant to pests and climate change.In this paper,we explore the potential values of some of the Mayan fruit trees justifying conservation efforts in their native habitats.Our research was primarily based on a scoping review using Google Scholar.We considered articles published in English,Spanish and Portuguese.Our review rendered two sets of articles including those focusing on the nutritional and medicinal properties of NUS and their products,and those focusing on their uses in traditional medicine.Both sets of papers strongly support arguments for conservation of NUS.Additionally,our scoping review expands and includes a case study on the conservation of NUS,highlighting the critical role of civil society on how it can spearhead rescue efforts of botanical resources through the creation of what is possibly the first arboretum of its kind in the Americas.Among the project's key selling points was not only the rescue of an important component of Yucatan's cultural heritage but its nutritional value as well as its potential medicinal properties.Our paper is not prescriptive on how to preserve or even commercially exploit NUS.It is intended as a thought-provoking piece on the potential of a One Health approach as a multi-sectoral platform to support conservation efforts,while stimulating greater interest in the subject and encouraging more action from the academic and pharmaceutical sectors as well as civil society.
基金Supported by Basic Breeding Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences"Collection,Storage,Evaluation,and Utilization of Crisp Peaches"(YYZJC1420)
文摘Mineral nutrition is the material basis for growth and development,yield and quality of fruit trees. It exerts a great effect on the growth and development,fruit quality,yield,and resistance of fruit trees. On the basis of reading a large number of references both at home and abroad,this paper elaborated the relationship between mineral nutrient elements and growth and fruit yield and quality of fruit trees,so as to make proper fertilizer mixing,balance the fertilizer application,promote growth and development of fruit trees,and increase the yield of fruit trees and improve the fruit quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 30671450)
文摘The genus Citrus L. has a long controversial taxonomy history, and a well-resolved molecular phylogeny of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group in the future will provide new information for advancing breeding techniques and developing better conservation strategies. In the present study, three cpDNA fragments （TrnL-TrnF, PsbH-PetB, and TrnS-TrnG） of 30 genotypes chosen from the six genera of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group were analyzed. A molecular phylogenetic tree of the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group ＂~as reconstructed based on plastid DNA sequences. The results confirmed that the ＂true citrus fruit trees＂ group was monophyletic, and thereby the group was divided into genera as previously suggested based on morphological characters. The cpDNA data also suggested that Poncirus might be the first genus separated from the other five genera in the group. The genus Fortunella were of hybrid origin and Citrus might be as its putative paternal parent. The genera Microcitrus, Eremocitrus, and Clymenia were possibly monophyletic and their common ancestor might branch out from Citrus. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships within the Citrus genus were discussed.
文摘Second bloom of fruit trees refers to the flowering and fruit-bearing of fruit trees after autumn harvest, which seriously influences the yield and economic benefits of fruit trees. By analyzing the causes of second bloom, remedies are given to make scientific preventive measures and realize high-quality and high-yield cultivation of fruit trees.
文摘Magnesium is an essential nutrient element for the growth and development of fruit trees.It not only participates in photosynthesis of plants,but also promotes physiological and biochemical reactions such as carbohydrate and protein synthesis,enzyme activation,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism.Magnesium deficiency in fruit trees will directly influence the growth and development of trees and the improvement of fruit quality.This study mainly reviews the nutritional and physiological mechanism of magnesium in plants and the nutritional diagnosis of magnesium deficiency in fruit trees,in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research on magnesium nutrition in fruit trees,and accordingly provide a certain reference for the application of magnesium fertilizer.
基金supported by the Open Fund by Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control(No.KHK1801)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)+1 种基金CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.PIFI-2016VBA057)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41907383)。
文摘Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)are widely involved in a variety of atmospheric chemical processes due to their high reactivity and species diversity.To date,however,research on BVOCs in agroecosystems,particularly fruit trees,remains scarce despite their large cultivation area and economic interest.BVOC emissions from different organs(leaf or fruit)of apple and peach trees were investigated throughout the stages of fruit development(FS,fruit swelling;FC,fruit coloration;FM,fruit maturity;and FP,fruit postharvest)using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer.Results indicated that methanol was the most abundant compound emitted by the leaf(apple tree leaf 492.5±47.9 ng/(g·hr),peach tree leaf 938.8±154.5 ng/(g·hr)),followed by acetic acid and green leaf volatiles.Beside the above three compounds,acetaldehyde had an important contribution to the emissions from the fruit.Overall,the total BVOCs(sum of eight compounds studied in this paper)emitted by both leaf and fruit gradually decreased along the fruit development,although the effect was significant only for the leaf.The leaf(2020.8±258.8 ng/(g·hr))was a stronger BVOC emitter than the fruit(146.0±45.7 ng/(g·hr))(P=0.006),and there were no significant differences in total BVOC emission rates between apple and peach trees.These findings contribute to our understanding on BVOC emissions from different plant organs and provide important insights into the variation of BVOC emissions across different fruit developmental stages.
文摘Fruit growing has played a huge role in solving food supply issues in many countries.However,the yield and quality of fruits can be affected by various diseases,and thus timely and accurate identification of disease conditions is particularly important.Currently,using image recognition and object detection technology to diagnose fruit tree diseases has become a research hotspot in forestry informatization.Convolutional neural networks eliminate the preprocessing of manual feature selection and have high recognition performance.However,it is not easy to train due to the risk of gradient disappearance.In order to achieve better recognition effect,this research addresses the problem of applying small-scale data samples through data enhancement and transfer learning,and it optimizes the model by combining the two main attention mechanisms of SE and CBAM with ResNet50.Through experiments,it is found that the CBAM ResNet50 model has the best effect,improving the application performance of the studied model in actual scenarios.
基金Supported by Special Foundation for Young Scientific and Technological Talents,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnky-2012-009)Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest(201003043-07)+1 种基金Scientific Research Programof the Higher Education Institution of XinJiang(XJEDU2012S14)National-level College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(201210758002)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for stable and highly effective intercropping arrangements and scientific management measures by selecting apple, pear, peach, apricot, walnut, jujube and other fruit trees to study their influence on yield, fiber quality and economic returns of intercropped cotton in southern Xinjiang. [Method] Based on major cropping pattern in production, randomized block design was adopted to explore growth indicators, canopy micrometeorological indicators, yield and fiber quality in key growth stage. [Result] Shading has a significant effect on cotton canopy micro-environment and canopy diameter is proportional to shading effect. According to comparisons of the same tree type, the change of canopy micro-environment was as follows： under canopyouter canopymiddle points and peachpearapplewalnutjujube for comparisons among different tree types. Canopy diameter is directly proportional to the number of tree branch and boll weight reductions and shading is the main cause of yield reduction. The canopy expansion is the major cause of decline of light intensity, temperature and humidity of cotton canopy. [Conclusion] Fruit trees, which will promote cotton yield,quality and canopy-environment, are as follows： jujube walnut apple pear peach trees. In practice, trees, which are small in canopy or well trimmed, are popular in production, such as jujube trees, to improve cotton yield and fiber quality.
基金supported by grants from the Significant Fund of Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation(grant number C2017204114)the National Science and Technology Support Plan of China(2019YFD1001605)the National Ten Thousand Talents Plan Leadership Project,and the Beijing Municipal Education Commission(CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000099).
文摘Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),or Chinese date,is the most important species of Rhamnaceae,a large cosmopolitan family,and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world.It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the‘mother river’of the Chinese people.It is distributed in at least 48 countries on all continents except Antarctica and is becoming increasingly important,especially in arid and semiarid marginal lands.Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube,we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit.We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields,including genome sequencing and application,germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy,breeding and genetics,cultivation theory and techniques,pest control,postharvest physiology and techniques,and nutrition and processing.Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry,we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future.
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to explore a kind of zinc preparation suitable for injection on trees with fast, efficient and safe cure effect on physiological disease of zinc deficiency. [Method] Taking three years old apple, pear, peach and grape trees as the materials, the author studied the absorption condition of these trees to six kinds of zinc substances and their security. The sealed curative effects of the injected zinc substances which were harmful and could be absorbed steadily by the fruit trees against rosette disease were studied. [ Result] The results of absorption condition and security experiments showed that only zinc-mmnonia complex could be absorbed steadily and safely throughout four seasons. When apple, pear, peach and grape trees affected by rosette disease were injected with zinc- ammonia complex, the leaves of those trees started to grow obviously after 10 d; the internodes of diseased branches elongated, the leaves turned bigger, and the ap- pearance of branches became normal after about 25 d. [ Conclusion] The curative effect of perforated injection of zinc-ammonia complex on fruit tree rosette disease was remarkable. The results also provided a new way for the cure of deficiency diseases of other trace elements.
基金supported by the Shaanxi FundamentalScience Research Project for Chemistry&Biology(grant no.22JHQ049)Basic Research Program of Natural Sciencesof Shaanxi Province(2019JM-339).
文摘Pygmy lorises are arboreal primates primarily found in forest environments across Southeast Asia(Nekaris 2014).Theyhave a diverse diet,including plant secretions,nectar,fruits,invertebrates,tree bark,and bird eggs.All 9 known speciesof pygmy lorises are listed as globally endangered species(Nekaris 2014).Pygmy lorises exhibit a range of unique phenotypic characteristics rarely seen among primates.
基金fund by the Major Science and Technology Program (2009ZX07102-004),Chinathe IPNI (International Plant Nutrition Institute) Program,Canada (2009ZX07102-004)
文摘Based on ASP.NET,a orange fruit tree fertilizer expert system software was developed.The system could simulate and decide an annual fertilization plan for young and mature trees in terms of geographical position and climate.This paper introduced the design conditions,framework,production,and deployment of the system.It exhibited characters of orange specialty and was a typical online agriculture expert system.The use of the system for orange fruit management could decrease production cost,guarantee orange quality and improve economical benefit at the same time.Farmer using the system saved N input by 41-238 g/plant,P2O5 input 3-24 g/plant,and K2O input 1-36 g/plant,and got higher yield by 6-17 kg/plant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41561088 and 61501314)the Science&Technology Nova Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China(2018CB020)
文摘Mathematical models have been widely employed for the simulation of growth dynamics of annual crops,thereby performing yield prediction,but not for fruit tree species such as jujube tree(Zizyphus jujuba).The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential use of a modified WOFOST model for predicting jujube yield by introducing tree age as a key parameter.The model was established using data collected from dedicated field experiments performed in 2016-2018.Simulated growth dynamics of dry weights of leaves,stems,fruits,total biomass and leaf area index(LAI) agreed well with measured values,showing root mean square error(RMSE) values of 0.143,0.333,0.366,0.624 t ha^-1 and 0.19,and R2 values of 0.947,0.976,0.985,0.986 and 0.95,respectively.Simulated phenological development stages for emergence,anthesis and maturity were 2,3 and 3 days earlier than the observed values,respectively.In addition,in order to predict the yields of trees with different ages,the weight of new organs(initial buds and roots) in each growing season was introduced as the initial total dry weight(TDWI),which was calculated as averaged,fitted and optimized values of trees with the same age.The results showed the evolution of the simulated LAI and yields profiled in response to the changes in TDWI.The modelling performance was significantly improved when it considered TDWI integrated with tree age,showing good global(R2≥0.856,RMSE≤0.68 t ha^-1) and local accuracies(mean R2≥0.43,RMSE≤0.70 t ha^-1).Furthermore,the optimized TDWI exhibited the highest precision,with globally validated R2 of 0.891 and RMSE of 0.591 t ha^-1,and local mean R2 of 0.57 and RMSE of 0.66 t ha^-1,respectively.The proposed model was not only verified with the confidence to accurately predict yields of jujube,but it can also provide a fundamental strategy for simulating the growth of other fruit trees.
文摘International trade intensifies the process of globalization which has extended to the entire planet and extends to the entire planet. In view of the difficulties of installing these documentary systems in developing countries, in particularly the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the new strategies of traceability emerge. Among the new tools of tracing the products of vegetable origin, a ＂biological code bar＂ based on the analysis of the DNA of micro-organisms present on the fruits is an interesting tool. A molecular technique employing 26S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE was used to detect the variation in yeast community structures of Shea tree fruits （Vitellaria paradoxa） from Senegal, Ghana and Mali. When the 26S rDNA profiles were analyzed by image analysis and multivariate analysis, distinct microbial communities were detected on Shea tree fruits. The band profiles of yeasts from different countries were specific for each location and could be used as a bar code to discriminate the origin of the fruits. This method is a new traceability tool which provides fruit products with an unique biological bar code and makes it possible to trace back the fruits to their original location.
文摘The development of fruit industry is an important part of the rural economic development. It is not only a "cash cow" for farmers to increase their income and become rich, but also an important part of the development of adjusting the structure of agriculture and forestry industry. It is also one of the important measurement indicators for the economic development of agriculture and forestry. However, in the actual production process of agriculture and forestry, there are certain problems in the production and management of fruit industry, which affect the quality of fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the research on fruit tree planting technology and safety quality, fully learn from the successful experience of advanced developed areas, innovate and optimize the existing fruit tree planting technology, truly improve the planting level of fruit industry, improve the survival rate of fruit trees and realize the goal of green development and sustainable development of forest and fruit industry.
