[Objective] The aim was to explore fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K on citrus fruit cracking and to seek best treatment in preventing fruit cracking. [Method] Compound fertilizers with different pr...[Objective] The aim was to explore fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K on citrus fruit cracking and to seek best treatment in preventing fruit cracking. [Method] Compound fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K were prepared, supplemented by leaf fertilizers with varying mineral elements. [Result] It is proved the treatment II containing spring fertilizers （N：P2O5：K2O=20：10：10）, summer fertilizers （N：P2O5：K2O=16：8：16）, and leaf fertilizers with calcium nitrate solu- tion （0.5%） achieved the best prevention effects of fruit cracking. In the meantime, N-to-K ratio and N-to-Ca ratio were proved of positive correlation with cracked fruits, and the higher the ratios, the higher the proportion of cracked fruits, vice versa. On other hand, Ca-to-K ratio was of negative correlation with cracked fruits, and the higher the ratio, the lower the proportion of cracked fruits. [Conclusion] In practical production, fertilization should be conducted as per soil moisture content, tree growth, and seasons, in a balanced and comprehensive way.展开更多
Calcium nitrate and EGTA（ calcium inhibitor） were sprayed on Dafeng Apricot during young fruit period. The results showed that calcium（ Ca） spraying during young fruit period increased Ca and VCcontents in the fru...Calcium nitrate and EGTA（ calcium inhibitor） were sprayed on Dafeng Apricot during young fruit period. The results showed that calcium（ Ca） spraying during young fruit period increased Ca and VCcontents in the fruit,improved SOD and POD activities,and declined K content,K/Ca and the occurrence of fruit cracking. When spraying calcium inhibitor during young fruit period,it aggravated fruit cracking.展开更多
Fruit cracking is a persistent challenge for table grape growing.To investigate the mechanism of this disorder,a comprehensive two-year investigation was conducted to assess the fruit cracking percentage of 15 table g...Fruit cracking is a persistent challenge for table grape growing.To investigate the mechanism of this disorder,a comprehensive two-year investigation was conducted to assess the fruit cracking percentage of 15 table grape(Vitis vinifera L.)varieties.Based on the findings,the cracking-susceptible variety‘Xiangfei'and the cracking-resistant variety‘Zuijinxiang'were selected for further study.Fruit growth curves for‘Zuijinxiang'and‘Xiangfei'were plotted based on fruit diameter and total soluble solids content,revealing that both varieties exhibited typical double-sigmoidal patterns that were highly similar.The period between 48 and 53 days after full bloom(DAFB)was identified as the critical phase for fruit cracking incidence.Furthermore,during the fruit cracking period,‘Xiangfei'fruit exhibited significantly higher water content and mesocarp cell area compared with those of‘Zuijinxiang'.Applying aquaporin inhibitors(nano-silver)to‘Xiangfei'berries reduced fruit water uptake and cracking percentage,whereas applying aquaporin activators(forskolin)to‘Zuijinxiang'berries increased fruit water uptake and cracking percentage.Additionally,expression analysis of six genes associated with plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)synthesis(VvPIP1;1,VvPIP1;2,VvPIP1;3,VvPIP2;1,VvPIP2;2,and VvPIP2;3)revealed that only the expression level of VvPIP1;1 was higher in‘Zuijinxiang'than in‘Xiangfei'during the fruit cracking period,whereas the expression levels of the other genes exhibited no significant difference between the two varieties.Transgenic overexpression of VvPIP1;1 in tomato resulted in increased fruit water content,enlarged mesocarp cell size,and enhanced fruit cracking percentage.These findings indicate that VvPIP1;1 plays a pivotal role in controlling grape berry cracking.展开更多
In Egypt, oranges are the most important citrus crops for local consumption or export. It represents approximately 72.2% of the total Egyptian citrus production in 2019/2020. The main cultivated variety of orange is t...In Egypt, oranges are the most important citrus crops for local consumption or export. It represents approximately 72.2% of the total Egyptian citrus production in 2019/2020. The main cultivated variety of orange is the Washington navel orange and it is more popular because of its delicious taste, nutrition, and its seedless besides being rich in vitamin C. Washington navel orange is susceptible to fruit cracking, and it is a common physiological disorder that takes place during fruit development. This work aims to investigate the negative effect of fruit cracking in reducing the yield and quality of Washington navel orange produced in Egypt by studying major economic indicators and estimating an economical evaluation of using treatment of Washington navel orange during the period time of 2007/2008 until 2019/2020. Results showed that fruit areas and production of Washington navel orange represented about 52.9% and 53.2% of fruit areas and production of orange during the study period. However, the yield was unstable with a significant annual growth rate of about 1.1%. Also, the last mentioned treatment achieved a high price for farmers by about 5.1% and total revenue of about 3.2% during the study period. Nowadays, Egypt has become the largest exporter of oranges in the world within the last year and the achieved earnings reached $661 million in 2019/2020. In addition, results showed that evaluation of using a treatment to reduce the rate of Washington navel orange cracking was economical to be applied.展开更多
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K on citrus fruit cracking and to seek best treatment in preventing fruit cracking. [Method] Compound fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K were prepared, supplemented by leaf fertilizers with varying mineral elements. [Result] It is proved the treatment II containing spring fertilizers （N：P2O5：K2O=20：10：10）, summer fertilizers （N：P2O5：K2O=16：8：16）, and leaf fertilizers with calcium nitrate solu- tion （0.5%） achieved the best prevention effects of fruit cracking. In the meantime, N-to-K ratio and N-to-Ca ratio were proved of positive correlation with cracked fruits, and the higher the ratios, the higher the proportion of cracked fruits, vice versa. On other hand, Ca-to-K ratio was of negative correlation with cracked fruits, and the higher the ratio, the lower the proportion of cracked fruits. [Conclusion] In practical production, fertilization should be conducted as per soil moisture content, tree growth, and seasons, in a balanced and comprehensive way.
文摘Calcium nitrate and EGTA（ calcium inhibitor） were sprayed on Dafeng Apricot during young fruit period. The results showed that calcium（ Ca） spraying during young fruit period increased Ca and VCcontents in the fruit,improved SOD and POD activities,and declined K content,K/Ca and the occurrence of fruit cracking. When spraying calcium inhibitor during young fruit period,it aggravated fruit cracking.
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022JJ40194)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102322)National Technology System for Grape Industry(Grant No.CARS-29-ZP-9)。
文摘Fruit cracking is a persistent challenge for table grape growing.To investigate the mechanism of this disorder,a comprehensive two-year investigation was conducted to assess the fruit cracking percentage of 15 table grape(Vitis vinifera L.)varieties.Based on the findings,the cracking-susceptible variety‘Xiangfei'and the cracking-resistant variety‘Zuijinxiang'were selected for further study.Fruit growth curves for‘Zuijinxiang'and‘Xiangfei'were plotted based on fruit diameter and total soluble solids content,revealing that both varieties exhibited typical double-sigmoidal patterns that were highly similar.The period between 48 and 53 days after full bloom(DAFB)was identified as the critical phase for fruit cracking incidence.Furthermore,during the fruit cracking period,‘Xiangfei'fruit exhibited significantly higher water content and mesocarp cell area compared with those of‘Zuijinxiang'.Applying aquaporin inhibitors(nano-silver)to‘Xiangfei'berries reduced fruit water uptake and cracking percentage,whereas applying aquaporin activators(forskolin)to‘Zuijinxiang'berries increased fruit water uptake and cracking percentage.Additionally,expression analysis of six genes associated with plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)synthesis(VvPIP1;1,VvPIP1;2,VvPIP1;3,VvPIP2;1,VvPIP2;2,and VvPIP2;3)revealed that only the expression level of VvPIP1;1 was higher in‘Zuijinxiang'than in‘Xiangfei'during the fruit cracking period,whereas the expression levels of the other genes exhibited no significant difference between the two varieties.Transgenic overexpression of VvPIP1;1 in tomato resulted in increased fruit water content,enlarged mesocarp cell size,and enhanced fruit cracking percentage.These findings indicate that VvPIP1;1 plays a pivotal role in controlling grape berry cracking.
文摘In Egypt, oranges are the most important citrus crops for local consumption or export. It represents approximately 72.2% of the total Egyptian citrus production in 2019/2020. The main cultivated variety of orange is the Washington navel orange and it is more popular because of its delicious taste, nutrition, and its seedless besides being rich in vitamin C. Washington navel orange is susceptible to fruit cracking, and it is a common physiological disorder that takes place during fruit development. This work aims to investigate the negative effect of fruit cracking in reducing the yield and quality of Washington navel orange produced in Egypt by studying major economic indicators and estimating an economical evaluation of using treatment of Washington navel orange during the period time of 2007/2008 until 2019/2020. Results showed that fruit areas and production of Washington navel orange represented about 52.9% and 53.2% of fruit areas and production of orange during the study period. However, the yield was unstable with a significant annual growth rate of about 1.1%. Also, the last mentioned treatment achieved a high price for farmers by about 5.1% and total revenue of about 3.2% during the study period. Nowadays, Egypt has become the largest exporter of oranges in the world within the last year and the achieved earnings reached $661 million in 2019/2020. In addition, results showed that evaluation of using a treatment to reduce the rate of Washington navel orange cracking was economical to be applied.
