The injection of large volumes of natural gas into geological formations,as is required for underground gas storage,leads to alterations in the effective stress exerted on adjacent faults.This increases the potential ...The injection of large volumes of natural gas into geological formations,as is required for underground gas storage,leads to alterations in the effective stress exerted on adjacent faults.This increases the potential for their reactivation and subsequent earthquake triggering.Most measurements of the frictional properties of rock fractures have been conducted under normal and shear stresses.However,faults in gas storage facilities exist within a true three-dimensional(3D)stress state.A double-direct shear experiment on rock fractures under both lateral and normal stresses was conducted using a true triaxial loading system.It was observed that the friction coefficient increases with increasing lateral stress,but decreases with increasing normal stress.The impact of lateral and normal stresses on the response is primarily mediated through their influence on the initial friction coefficient.This allows for an empirical modification of the rate-state friction model that considers the influence of lateral and normal stresses.The impact of lateral and normal stresses on observed friction coefficients is related to the propensity for the production of wear products on the fracture surfaces.Lateral stresses enhance the shear strength of rock(e.g.Mogi criterion).This reduces asperity breakage and the generation of wear products,and consequently augments the friction coefficient of the surface.Conversely,increased normal stresses inhibit dilatancy on the fracture surface,increasing the breakage of asperities and the concomitant production of wear products that promote rolling deformation.This ultimately reduces the friction coefficient.展开更多
A kind of improved contact frictional model on basis of traditional Coulomb Friction model is adopted.Corresponding contact element is also given.The contact algorithm on basis of augmented Lagrange method is introduc...A kind of improved contact frictional model on basis of traditional Coulomb Friction model is adopted.Corresponding contact element is also given.The contact algorithm on basis of augmented Lagrange method is introduced and successfully applied to complex contact friction problem.Test example and actual engineering case all show that the algorithm of the model is efficient and computation results agree well with general rules.展开更多
This paper presents a new thermomechanical model of friction stir welding which is capable of simulating the three major steps of friction stir welding （FSW） process, i.e., plunge, dwell, and travel stages. A rate-d...This paper presents a new thermomechanical model of friction stir welding which is capable of simulating the three major steps of friction stir welding （FSW） process, i.e., plunge, dwell, and travel stages. A rate-dependent Johnson- Cook constitutive model is chosen to capture elasto-plastic work deformations during FSW. Two different weld schedules （i.e., plunge rate, rotational speed, and weld speed） are validated by comparing simulated temperature profiles with experimental results. Based on this model, the influences of various welding parameters on temperatures and energy generation during the welding process are investigated. Numerical results show that maximum temperature in FSW process increases with the decrease in plunge rate, and the frictional energy increases almost linearly with respect to time for different rotational speeds. Furthermore, low rotational speeds cause inadequate temperature distribution due to low frictional and plastic dissipation energy which eventually results in weld defects. When both the weld speed and rotational speed are increased, the contribution of plastic dissipation energy increases significantly and improved weld quality can be expected.展开更多
Friction stir welding （FSW） is a solid-state joining process, where joint properties largely depend on the amount of heat generation during the welding process. The objective of this paper was to develop a numerical...Friction stir welding （FSW） is a solid-state joining process, where joint properties largely depend on the amount of heat generation during the welding process. The objective of this paper was to develop a numerical thermomechanical model for FSW of aluminum--copper alloy AA2219 and analyze heat generation during the welding process. The thermomechanical model has been developed utilizing ANSYS APDL. The model was verified by comparing simulated temperature profile of three different weld schedules （i.e., different combinations of weld parameters in real weld situations） from simulation with experimental results. Furthermore, the verified model was used to analyze the effect of different weld parameters on heat generation. Among all the weld parameters, the effect of rotational speed on heat generation is the highest.展开更多
A new modified LuGre friction model is presented for electromagnetic valve actuator system.The modification to the traditional LuGre friction model is made by adding an acceleration-dependent part and a nonlinear cont...A new modified LuGre friction model is presented for electromagnetic valve actuator system.The modification to the traditional LuGre friction model is made by adding an acceleration-dependent part and a nonlinear continuous switch function.The proposed new friction model solves the implementation problems with the traditional LuGre model at high speeds.An improved artificial fish swarm algorithm(IAFSA)method which combines the chaotic search and Gauss mutation operator into traditional artificial fish swarm algorithm is used to identify the parameters in the proposed modified LuGre friction model.The steady state response experiments and dynamic friction experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness of IAFSA algorithm.The comparisons between the measured dynamic friction forces and the ones simulated with the established mathematic friction model at different frequencies and magnitudes demonstrate that the proposed modified LuGre friction model can give accurate simulation about the dynamic friction characteristics existing in the electromagnetic valve actuator system.The presented modelling and parameter identification methods are applicable for many other high-speed mechanical systems with friction.展开更多
Tire and rubber track interchangeable chassis combines the advantages of tire and rubber track,which can greatly improve the maneuverability of military construction machinery.However,there is almost no effective calc...Tire and rubber track interchangeable chassis combines the advantages of tire and rubber track,which can greatly improve the maneuverability of military construction machinery.However,there is almost no effective calculation model for the real-time static steering torque.When the relative sliding speed is greater than 0.01 m/s,the influence of friction heating can not be ignored.An improved LuGre model is established to calculate the static real-time steering torque of tire and rubber track interchangeable chassis.Firstly,the friction heating model between rubber and ground is established.Combined with the influence of temperature on the dynamic performance of rubber material,the influence of friction heating on the stiffness and friction coefficient of rubber track is analyzed,and the improved LuGre friction model is established.The steering torque of tire and rubber track interchangeable chassis is affected by rubber material properties,steering speed,pavement type,and ambient temperature.Compared with the original Lu Gre model,the improved LuGre model captures the change in friction torque during multiple in-situ turns due to frictional heating.The error with the experimental data is small,which verifies the effectiveness of the improved LuGre model.展开更多
Friction plays a pivotal role in the sliding-mode triboelectric energy harvester(TEH),which not only enables the charge transfer between two dielectrics,but also influences the energy harvesting performance by affecti...Friction plays a pivotal role in the sliding-mode triboelectric energy harvester(TEH),which not only enables the charge transfer between two dielectrics,but also influences the energy harvesting performance by affecting the dynamic response of the TEH.How to evaluate the effects of the friction on TEHs is important for optimizing TEHs in engineering practices.In order to analyze the effects of the friction on the dynamic response and evaluate the energy harvesting performance ofTEHs,the paper models the friction of a devised non-linear TEH based on the Coulomb friction model and the Macro-slip friction theory.The TEH equips a pair of magnets,rendering a switching between the bistability and the monostability by tuning the distance between two magnets.The dynamic model of the non-linear TEH is established by the extended Hamilton principle.The effects of friction in slidingmode TEH are dissected in detail.The influences of parameters on both the mechanical and electrical responses are also systemically studied to explore an optimal energy harvesting performance in the low-frequency range.This work provides a guideline for designing and accurately analyzing a sliding-mode TEH.展开更多
During the process of finite element simulation of precision warm forging, the selection of friction models has a direct effect on the precision accuracy of finite element simulation results. Among all the factors whi...During the process of finite element simulation of precision warm forging, the selection of friction models has a direct effect on the precision accuracy of finite element simulation results. Among all the factors which influence the selection of friction models, the distribution rule of normal stress at the tool-workpiece interface is a key one. To find out the distribution rule of normal stress at the tool-workpiece interface, this paper has made a systematic research on three typical plastic deformation processes: forward extrusion, backward extrusion, and lateral extrusion by a method of finite element simulation. Then on the base of synthesizing and correcting traditional friction models, a new general friction model which is fit for warm extrusion is developed at last.展开更多
Adaptive control of servo actuator with nonlinear friction compensation is addressed. LuGre dynamic friction model is adopted to characterize the nonlinear friction and a new kind of slid ing mode observer is designe...Adaptive control of servo actuator with nonlinear friction compensation is addressed. LuGre dynamic friction model is adopted to characterize the nonlinear friction and a new kind of slid ing mode observer is designed to estimate the internal immeasurable state of LuGre model. Based on the estimated friction state, adaptive laws are designed to identify the unknown model parameters and the external disturbances, and the system stability and asymptotic trajectory tracking perform ance are guaranteed by Lyapunov function. The position tracking performance is verified by the ex perimental results.展开更多
Based on focused ion beam and shear friction apparatus data, the multi-resolutions （0.2 nm-5μm） volume roughness ＆ asperity contact （VR ＆ AC） three-dimensional structure on principle slip surface interface-surf...Based on focused ion beam and shear friction apparatus data, the multi-resolutions （0.2 nm-5μm） volume roughness ＆ asperity contact （VR ＆ AC） three-dimensional structure on principle slip surface interface-surface （PSS-IS） is measured on high performance computational platform; and physical plastic-creep friction model is established by using hybrid hyper-singular integral equation ＆ lattice Boltzmann ＆ lattice Green function （BE-LB-LG）. The correlation of rheological property and VR ＆ AC evolution under transient （10 μs） macro-normal stress （18-300 MPa） and slip rate （0.25-7.5 m/s） are obtained; and the PSS-IS friction in co-seismic flash heating is quantitative analyzed for the first time.展开更多
This paper presents the derivation of a first order friction model for lubricated sheet metal forming.Assuming purely plastic real contacts, Newton's law of viscosity, and a square root behavior of the hydrodynami...This paper presents the derivation of a first order friction model for lubricated sheet metal forming.Assuming purely plastic real contacts, Newton's law of viscosity, and a square root behavior of the hydrodynamic coefficient of friction with respect to the hydrodynamic Hersey parameter an analytic model is found. The model predicts the coefficient of friction as a function of the relative pressure, the relative Hersey parameter and the real contact coefficient of friction. Questions about local and global friction are raised in the validation of the model against flat tool sheet experiments. For some flat tool sheet experiments reasonable agreements are obtained assuming a rigid punch pressure distribution. The restricted number of user inputs makes the model useful in early tool design simulations.展开更多
Submarine landslides can cause severe damage to marine engineering structures. Their sliding velocity and runout distance are two major parameters for quantifying and analyzing the risk of submarine landslides.Current...Submarine landslides can cause severe damage to marine engineering structures. Their sliding velocity and runout distance are two major parameters for quantifying and analyzing the risk of submarine landslides.Currently, commercial calculation programs such as BING have limitations in simulating underwater soil movements. All of these processes can be consistently simulated through a smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH） depth integrated model. The basis of the model is a control equation that was developed to take into account the effects of soil consolidation and erosion. In this work, the frictional rheological mode has been used to perform a simulation study of submarine landslides. Time-history curves of the sliding body＇s velocity, height,and length under various conditions of water depth, slope gradient, contact friction coefficient, and erosion rate are compared; the maximum sliding distance and velocity are calculated; and patterns of variation are discussed.The findings of this study can provide a reference for disaster warnings and pipeline route selection.展开更多
In order to control the vehicle body position precisely,1/4 nonlinear mathematical model of hydro-pneumatic suspension is established,and the influence of the frictional force in a hydraulic cylinder is analyzed.The f...In order to control the vehicle body position precisely,1/4 nonlinear mathematical model of hydro-pneumatic suspension is established,and the influence of the frictional force in a hydraulic cylinder is analyzed.The friction characteristics are described based on the LuGre model when the piston of a hydraulic actuator is operated at a low speed.Due to the fact parameters of the friction model are effected by the system condition,an adaptive friction compensation（AFC）controller is designed through the Backstepping method,and a dual-observer has been implemented to estimate the friction state.The global asymptotic convergence of a closed-loop system is proven by the Lyapunov theorem.The simulation results show that the positional accuracy of the adaptive friction compensation yiedls a significant improvement in the vehicle height adjustment as compared to the PID control,demonstrating the effectiveness of the adaptive fiction compensation method in the vehicle height adjustable system of the hydro-pneumatic suspension.展开更多
In practical engineering, finite element（FE） modeling for weld seam is commonly simplified by neglecting its inhomogeneous mechanical properties. This will cause a significant loss in accuracy of FE forming analysis...In practical engineering, finite element（FE） modeling for weld seam is commonly simplified by neglecting its inhomogeneous mechanical properties. This will cause a significant loss in accuracy of FE forming analysis, in particular, for friction stir welded（FSW） blanks due to the large width and good formability of its weld seam. The inhomogeneous mechanical properties across weld seam need to be well characterized for an accurate FE analysis. Based on a similar AA5182 FSW blank, the metallographic observation and micro-Vickers hardness analysis upon the weld cross-section are performed to identify the interfaces of different sub-zones, i.e., heat affected zone（HAZ）, thermal-mechanically affected zone（TMAZ） and weld nugget（WN）. Based on the rule of mixture and hardness distribution, a constitutive model is established for each sub-zone to characterize the inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam. Uniaxial tensile tests of the AA5182 FSW blank are performed with the aid of digital image correlation（DIC） techniques. Experimental local stress-strain curves are obtained for different weld sub-zones. The experimental results show good agreement with those derived from the constitutive models, which demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of these models. The proposed research gives an accurate characterization of inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam produced by FSW, which provides solutions for improving the FE simulation accuracy of FSW sheet forming.展开更多
Studying the evolution of interface contact state, revealing the “black box” behavior in interface friction and establishing a more accurate friction model are of great significance to improve the prediction accurac...Studying the evolution of interface contact state, revealing the “black box” behavior in interface friction and establishing a more accurate friction model are of great significance to improve the prediction accuracy of mechanical system performance. Based on the principle of total reflection, a visual analysis technology of interface contact behavior is proposed. Considering the dynamic variation of stress distribution in interface contact, we analyze the nonlinear characteristics of contact parameters in different stages of stick-slip process using the above-mentioned experimental technology. Then,we find that the tangential stiffness of the interface is not a fixed value during the stick-slip process and the stress distribution variation is one of the important factors affecting the tangential stiffness of interface. Based on the previous experimental results, we present an improved stick-slip friction model, considering the change of tangential stiffness and friction coefficient caused by the stress distribution variation. This improved model can characterize the variation characteristics of contact parameters in different stages of stick-slip process, whose simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. This research may be valuable for improving the prediction accuracy of mechanical system performance.展开更多
Micro sliding phenomenon widely exists in the operation process of mechanical systems,and the micro sliding friction mechanism is always a research hotspot.In this work,based on the total reflection method,a measuring...Micro sliding phenomenon widely exists in the operation process of mechanical systems,and the micro sliding friction mechanism is always a research hotspot.In this work,based on the total reflection method,a measuring device for interface contact behavior under two-dimensional(2D)vibration is built.The stress distribution is characterized by the light intensity distribution of the contact image,and the interface contact behavior in the 2D vibration process is studied.It is found that the vibration angle of the normal direction of the contact surface and its fluctuation affect the interface friction coefficient,the tangential stiffness,and the fluctuation amplitude of the stress distribution.Then they will affect the change of friction state and energy dissipation in the process of micro sliding.Further,an improved micro sliding friction model is proposed based on the experimental analysis,with the nonlinear change of contact parameters caused by the normal contact stress distribution fluctuation taken into account.This model considers the interface tangential stiffness fluctuation,friction coefficient hysteresis,and stress distribution fluctuation,whose simulation results are consistent well with the experimental results.It is found that considering the nonlinear effect of a certain contact parameter alone may bring a greater error to the prediction of friction behavior.Only by integrating multiple contact parameters can the accuracy of friction prediction is improved.展开更多
Pressure drop and liquid hold-up are two very important fluid flow parameters in design and control of multiphase flow pipelines.Friction factors play an important role in the accurate calculation of pressure drop.Var...Pressure drop and liquid hold-up are two very important fluid flow parameters in design and control of multiphase flow pipelines.Friction factors play an important role in the accurate calculation of pressure drop.Various empirical and semi-empirical closure relations exist in the literature to calculate the liquid-wall,gas-wall and interfacial friction in two-phase pipe flow.However most of them are empirical correlations found under special experimental conditions.In this paper by modification of a friction model available in the literature,an improved semiempirical model is proposed.The proposed model is incorporated in the two-fluid correlations under equilibrium conditions and solved.Pressure gradient and velocity profiles are validated against experimental data.Using the improved model,the pressure gradient deviation from experiments diminishes by about 3%;the no-slip condition at the interface is satisfied and the velocity profile is predicted in better agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
Based on the interaction of asperities and upperbound approach a mathematical model for simulation of friction phenomenon between dies and workpiece is proposed. Optimizing the mathematical model with respect to sever...Based on the interaction of asperities and upperbound approach a mathematical model for simulation of friction phenomenon between dies and workpiece is proposed. Optimizing the mathematical model with respect to several variables it is found that in addition to adhering, tearing, ploughing, etc., asperities workpiece can move wave-like along the surface layer and under certain circumstances they may disappear. If the asperities wavily move along the surface layer the friction coefficient depends on the geometry of asperities. However, the bonding strength of asperities, has no significant influence on friction coefficient. The depth of the plastic deformation layer is related to the geometry of asperities, too. The soundness of the prerequisite of the proposed model and some analytical results were verified by experiments.展开更多
To explore the penetration resistance of calcareous sand media,penetration tests have been conducted in the velocity range of 200-1000 m/s using conical-nosed projectiles with a diameter of 14.5 mm.Further,a pseudo fl...To explore the penetration resistance of calcareous sand media,penetration tests have been conducted in the velocity range of 200-1000 m/s using conical-nosed projectiles with a diameter of 14.5 mm.Further,a pseudo fluid penetration model applicable to the penetration of rigid projectiles in sand media is established according to the approximate flow of compacted sand in the adjacent zone of penetration.The correlation between the impedance function of projectile-target interaction and the internal friction features of pseudo fluid is clarified,and the effects of sand density,cone angle of nose-shaped projectile,and dynamic hardness on the penetration depth are investigated.The results verify the feasibility,wide applicability,and much lower error(with respect to the experimental data)of the proposed model as compared to the Slepyan hydrodynamic model.展开更多
Friction is a critical issue in plastic forming which influences forming force, metal flow, forming quality and service life of die. Since friction is a highly nonlinear physical phenomenon which is interactively affe...Friction is a critical issue in plastic forming which influences forming force, metal flow, forming quality and service life of die. Since friction is a highly nonlinear physical phenomenon which is interactively affected by so many factors, great efforts have been made to study the friction mechanism and controlling. The research progress of friction issues in plastic forming was summarized and discussed from four aspects： testing, characterizing, modeling and optimization/controlling. Considering urgent demands for green, efficient and precise forming of high-performance, lightweight and complex components in high-tech industries such as aerospace and automotive, the trends and challenges of friction study in plastic forming were proposed.展开更多
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42177157)the Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province (Grant No.2023JH1/10400003)the Applied Basic Research Programof Liaoning Province (Grant No.2023JH2/101300153).
文摘The injection of large volumes of natural gas into geological formations,as is required for underground gas storage,leads to alterations in the effective stress exerted on adjacent faults.This increases the potential for their reactivation and subsequent earthquake triggering.Most measurements of the frictional properties of rock fractures have been conducted under normal and shear stresses.However,faults in gas storage facilities exist within a true three-dimensional(3D)stress state.A double-direct shear experiment on rock fractures under both lateral and normal stresses was conducted using a true triaxial loading system.It was observed that the friction coefficient increases with increasing lateral stress,but decreases with increasing normal stress.The impact of lateral and normal stresses on the response is primarily mediated through their influence on the initial friction coefficient.This allows for an empirical modification of the rate-state friction model that considers the influence of lateral and normal stresses.The impact of lateral and normal stresses on observed friction coefficients is related to the propensity for the production of wear products on the fracture surfaces.Lateral stresses enhance the shear strength of rock(e.g.Mogi criterion).This reduces asperity breakage and the generation of wear products,and consequently augments the friction coefficient of the surface.Conversely,increased normal stresses inhibit dilatancy on the fracture surface,increasing the breakage of asperities and the concomitant production of wear products that promote rolling deformation.This ultimately reduces the friction coefficient.
文摘A kind of improved contact frictional model on basis of traditional Coulomb Friction model is adopted.Corresponding contact element is also given.The contact algorithm on basis of augmented Lagrange method is introduced and successfully applied to complex contact friction problem.Test example and actual engineering case all show that the algorithm of the model is efficient and computation results agree well with general rules.
基金financial support provided by Louisiana Economic Development Assistantship (EDA) programpartially supported by NASA through the NASA-SLS Grant # NNM13AA02G
文摘This paper presents a new thermomechanical model of friction stir welding which is capable of simulating the three major steps of friction stir welding （FSW） process, i.e., plunge, dwell, and travel stages. A rate-dependent Johnson- Cook constitutive model is chosen to capture elasto-plastic work deformations during FSW. Two different weld schedules （i.e., plunge rate, rotational speed, and weld speed） are validated by comparing simulated temperature profiles with experimental results. Based on this model, the influences of various welding parameters on temperatures and energy generation during the welding process are investigated. Numerical results show that maximum temperature in FSW process increases with the decrease in plunge rate, and the frictional energy increases almost linearly with respect to time for different rotational speeds. Furthermore, low rotational speeds cause inadequate temperature distribution due to low frictional and plastic dissipation energy which eventually results in weld defects. When both the weld speed and rotational speed are increased, the contribution of plastic dissipation energy increases significantly and improved weld quality can be expected.
基金financial support received from the Louisiana Economic Development Assistantship (EDA) program
文摘Friction stir welding （FSW） is a solid-state joining process, where joint properties largely depend on the amount of heat generation during the welding process. The objective of this paper was to develop a numerical thermomechanical model for FSW of aluminum--copper alloy AA2219 and analyze heat generation during the welding process. The thermomechanical model has been developed utilizing ANSYS APDL. The model was verified by comparing simulated temperature profile of three different weld schedules （i.e., different combinations of weld parameters in real weld situations） from simulation with experimental results. Furthermore, the verified model was used to analyze the effect of different weld parameters on heat generation. Among all the weld parameters, the effect of rotational speed on heat generation is the highest.
基金Project(2015BAG06B00)supported by the National Key Technology Research from Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘A new modified LuGre friction model is presented for electromagnetic valve actuator system.The modification to the traditional LuGre friction model is made by adding an acceleration-dependent part and a nonlinear continuous switch function.The proposed new friction model solves the implementation problems with the traditional LuGre model at high speeds.An improved artificial fish swarm algorithm(IAFSA)method which combines the chaotic search and Gauss mutation operator into traditional artificial fish swarm algorithm is used to identify the parameters in the proposed modified LuGre friction model.The steady state response experiments and dynamic friction experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness of IAFSA algorithm.The comparisons between the measured dynamic friction forces and the ones simulated with the established mathematic friction model at different frequencies and magnitudes demonstrate that the proposed modified LuGre friction model can give accurate simulation about the dynamic friction characteristics existing in the electromagnetic valve actuator system.The presented modelling and parameter identification methods are applicable for many other high-speed mechanical systems with friction.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0802900)。
文摘Tire and rubber track interchangeable chassis combines the advantages of tire and rubber track,which can greatly improve the maneuverability of military construction machinery.However,there is almost no effective calculation model for the real-time static steering torque.When the relative sliding speed is greater than 0.01 m/s,the influence of friction heating can not be ignored.An improved LuGre model is established to calculate the static real-time steering torque of tire and rubber track interchangeable chassis.Firstly,the friction heating model between rubber and ground is established.Combined with the influence of temperature on the dynamic performance of rubber material,the influence of friction heating on the stiffness and friction coefficient of rubber track is analyzed,and the improved LuGre friction model is established.The steering torque of tire and rubber track interchangeable chassis is affected by rubber material properties,steering speed,pavement type,and ambient temperature.Compared with the original Lu Gre model,the improved LuGre model captures the change in friction torque during multiple in-situ turns due to frictional heating.The error with the experimental data is small,which verifies the effectiveness of the improved LuGre model.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972152,12002122,and 12122206)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2021JJ40092,and 2020JJ4208)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M672476).
文摘Friction plays a pivotal role in the sliding-mode triboelectric energy harvester(TEH),which not only enables the charge transfer between two dielectrics,but also influences the energy harvesting performance by affecting the dynamic response of the TEH.How to evaluate the effects of the friction on TEHs is important for optimizing TEHs in engineering practices.In order to analyze the effects of the friction on the dynamic response and evaluate the energy harvesting performance ofTEHs,the paper models the friction of a devised non-linear TEH based on the Coulomb friction model and the Macro-slip friction theory.The TEH equips a pair of magnets,rendering a switching between the bistability and the monostability by tuning the distance between two magnets.The dynamic model of the non-linear TEH is established by the extended Hamilton principle.The effects of friction in slidingmode TEH are dissected in detail.The influences of parameters on both the mechanical and electrical responses are also systemically studied to explore an optimal energy harvesting performance in the low-frequency range.This work provides a guideline for designing and accurately analyzing a sliding-mode TEH.
文摘During the process of finite element simulation of precision warm forging, the selection of friction models has a direct effect on the precision accuracy of finite element simulation results. Among all the factors which influence the selection of friction models, the distribution rule of normal stress at the tool-workpiece interface is a key one. To find out the distribution rule of normal stress at the tool-workpiece interface, this paper has made a systematic research on three typical plastic deformation processes: forward extrusion, backward extrusion, and lateral extrusion by a method of finite element simulation. Then on the base of synthesizing and correcting traditional friction models, a new general friction model which is fit for warm extrusion is developed at last.
基金Supported by State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(QNKT11-08)
文摘Adaptive control of servo actuator with nonlinear friction compensation is addressed. LuGre dynamic friction model is adopted to characterize the nonlinear friction and a new kind of slid ing mode observer is designed to estimate the internal immeasurable state of LuGre model. Based on the estimated friction state, adaptive laws are designed to identify the unknown model parameters and the external disturbances, and the system stability and asymptotic trajectory tracking perform ance are guaranteed by Lyapunov function. The position tracking performance is verified by the ex perimental results.
文摘Based on focused ion beam and shear friction apparatus data, the multi-resolutions （0.2 nm-5μm） volume roughness ＆ asperity contact （VR ＆ AC） three-dimensional structure on principle slip surface interface-surface （PSS-IS） is measured on high performance computational platform; and physical plastic-creep friction model is established by using hybrid hyper-singular integral equation ＆ lattice Boltzmann ＆ lattice Green function （BE-LB-LG）. The correlation of rheological property and VR ＆ AC evolution under transient （10 μs） macro-normal stress （18-300 MPa） and slip rate （0.25-7.5 m/s） are obtained; and the PSS-IS friction in co-seismic flash heating is quantitative analyzed for the first time.
基金supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research(PV08-0041)
文摘This paper presents the derivation of a first order friction model for lubricated sheet metal forming.Assuming purely plastic real contacts, Newton's law of viscosity, and a square root behavior of the hydrodynamic coefficient of friction with respect to the hydrodynamic Hersey parameter an analytic model is found. The model predicts the coefficient of friction as a function of the relative pressure, the relative Hersey parameter and the real contact coefficient of friction. Questions about local and global friction are raised in the validation of the model against flat tool sheet experiments. For some flat tool sheet experiments reasonable agreements are obtained assuming a rigid punch pressure distribution. The restricted number of user inputs makes the model useful in early tool design simulations.
基金The Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under contract No.20120041130002the National Key Project of Science and Technology under contract No.2011ZX 05056-001-02the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.DUT14ZD220
文摘Submarine landslides can cause severe damage to marine engineering structures. Their sliding velocity and runout distance are two major parameters for quantifying and analyzing the risk of submarine landslides.Currently, commercial calculation programs such as BING have limitations in simulating underwater soil movements. All of these processes can be consistently simulated through a smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH） depth integrated model. The basis of the model is a control equation that was developed to take into account the effects of soil consolidation and erosion. In this work, the frictional rheological mode has been used to perform a simulation study of submarine landslides. Time-history curves of the sliding body＇s velocity, height,and length under various conditions of water depth, slope gradient, contact friction coefficient, and erosion rate are compared; the maximum sliding distance and velocity are calculated; and patterns of variation are discussed.The findings of this study can provide a reference for disaster warnings and pipeline route selection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51005018)
文摘In order to control the vehicle body position precisely,1/4 nonlinear mathematical model of hydro-pneumatic suspension is established,and the influence of the frictional force in a hydraulic cylinder is analyzed.The friction characteristics are described based on the LuGre model when the piston of a hydraulic actuator is operated at a low speed.Due to the fact parameters of the friction model are effected by the system condition,an adaptive friction compensation（AFC）controller is designed through the Backstepping method,and a dual-observer has been implemented to estimate the friction state.The global asymptotic convergence of a closed-loop system is proven by the Lyapunov theorem.The simulation results show that the positional accuracy of the adaptive friction compensation yiedls a significant improvement in the vehicle height adjustment as compared to the PID control,demonstrating the effectiveness of the adaptive fiction compensation method in the vehicle height adjustable system of the hydro-pneumatic suspension.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51375346)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20110072110056)
文摘In practical engineering, finite element（FE） modeling for weld seam is commonly simplified by neglecting its inhomogeneous mechanical properties. This will cause a significant loss in accuracy of FE forming analysis, in particular, for friction stir welded（FSW） blanks due to the large width and good formability of its weld seam. The inhomogeneous mechanical properties across weld seam need to be well characterized for an accurate FE analysis. Based on a similar AA5182 FSW blank, the metallographic observation and micro-Vickers hardness analysis upon the weld cross-section are performed to identify the interfaces of different sub-zones, i.e., heat affected zone（HAZ）, thermal-mechanically affected zone（TMAZ） and weld nugget（WN）. Based on the rule of mixture and hardness distribution, a constitutive model is established for each sub-zone to characterize the inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam. Uniaxial tensile tests of the AA5182 FSW blank are performed with the aid of digital image correlation（DIC） techniques. Experimental local stress-strain curves are obtained for different weld sub-zones. The experimental results show good agreement with those derived from the constitutive models, which demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of these models. The proposed research gives an accurate characterization of inhomogeneous mechanical properties across the weld seam produced by FSW, which provides solutions for improving the FE simulation accuracy of FSW sheet forming.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11872033)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 3172017)。
文摘Studying the evolution of interface contact state, revealing the “black box” behavior in interface friction and establishing a more accurate friction model are of great significance to improve the prediction accuracy of mechanical system performance. Based on the principle of total reflection, a visual analysis technology of interface contact behavior is proposed. Considering the dynamic variation of stress distribution in interface contact, we analyze the nonlinear characteristics of contact parameters in different stages of stick-slip process using the above-mentioned experimental technology. Then,we find that the tangential stiffness of the interface is not a fixed value during the stick-slip process and the stress distribution variation is one of the important factors affecting the tangential stiffness of interface. Based on the previous experimental results, we present an improved stick-slip friction model, considering the change of tangential stiffness and friction coefficient caused by the stress distribution variation. This improved model can characterize the variation characteristics of contact parameters in different stages of stick-slip process, whose simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. This research may be valuable for improving the prediction accuracy of mechanical system performance.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11872033)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.3172017)。
文摘Micro sliding phenomenon widely exists in the operation process of mechanical systems,and the micro sliding friction mechanism is always a research hotspot.In this work,based on the total reflection method,a measuring device for interface contact behavior under two-dimensional(2D)vibration is built.The stress distribution is characterized by the light intensity distribution of the contact image,and the interface contact behavior in the 2D vibration process is studied.It is found that the vibration angle of the normal direction of the contact surface and its fluctuation affect the interface friction coefficient,the tangential stiffness,and the fluctuation amplitude of the stress distribution.Then they will affect the change of friction state and energy dissipation in the process of micro sliding.Further,an improved micro sliding friction model is proposed based on the experimental analysis,with the nonlinear change of contact parameters caused by the normal contact stress distribution fluctuation taken into account.This model considers the interface tangential stiffness fluctuation,friction coefficient hysteresis,and stress distribution fluctuation,whose simulation results are consistent well with the experimental results.It is found that considering the nonlinear effect of a certain contact parameter alone may bring a greater error to the prediction of friction behavior.Only by integrating multiple contact parameters can the accuracy of friction prediction is improved.
基金supported by the Iran National Science Foundation(Grant 96006257)。
文摘Pressure drop and liquid hold-up are two very important fluid flow parameters in design and control of multiphase flow pipelines.Friction factors play an important role in the accurate calculation of pressure drop.Various empirical and semi-empirical closure relations exist in the literature to calculate the liquid-wall,gas-wall and interfacial friction in two-phase pipe flow.However most of them are empirical correlations found under special experimental conditions.In this paper by modification of a friction model available in the literature,an improved semiempirical model is proposed.The proposed model is incorporated in the two-fluid correlations under equilibrium conditions and solved.Pressure gradient and velocity profiles are validated against experimental data.Using the improved model,the pressure gradient deviation from experiments diminishes by about 3%;the no-slip condition at the interface is satisfied and the velocity profile is predicted in better agreement with the experimental data.
基金This is a project of the cooperative program between the Department of Materials Engineering of Northwestern Polytechnical University of the People's Republic of China and the Institute for Metal Forming at Lehigh University of the United States of Ameri
文摘Based on the interaction of asperities and upperbound approach a mathematical model for simulation of friction phenomenon between dies and workpiece is proposed. Optimizing the mathematical model with respect to several variables it is found that in addition to adhering, tearing, ploughing, etc., asperities workpiece can move wave-like along the surface layer and under certain circumstances they may disappear. If the asperities wavily move along the surface layer the friction coefficient depends on the geometry of asperities. However, the bonding strength of asperities, has no significant influence on friction coefficient. The depth of the plastic deformation layer is related to the geometry of asperities, too. The soundness of the prerequisite of the proposed model and some analytical results were verified by experiments.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072371)Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20221528)。
文摘To explore the penetration resistance of calcareous sand media,penetration tests have been conducted in the velocity range of 200-1000 m/s using conical-nosed projectiles with a diameter of 14.5 mm.Further,a pseudo fluid penetration model applicable to the penetration of rigid projectiles in sand media is established according to the approximate flow of compacted sand in the adjacent zone of penetration.The correlation between the impedance function of projectile-target interaction and the internal friction features of pseudo fluid is clarified,and the effects of sand density,cone angle of nose-shaped projectile,and dynamic hardness on the penetration depth are investigated.The results verify the feasibility,wide applicability,and much lower error(with respect to the experimental data)of the proposed model as compared to the Slepyan hydrodynamic model.
基金Projects(50905144,51275415)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(B08040)supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China
文摘Friction is a critical issue in plastic forming which influences forming force, metal flow, forming quality and service life of die. Since friction is a highly nonlinear physical phenomenon which is interactively affected by so many factors, great efforts have been made to study the friction mechanism and controlling. The research progress of friction issues in plastic forming was summarized and discussed from four aspects： testing, characterizing, modeling and optimization/controlling. Considering urgent demands for green, efficient and precise forming of high-performance, lightweight and complex components in high-tech industries such as aerospace and automotive, the trends and challenges of friction study in plastic forming were proposed.
