Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. T...Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.展开更多
The importance of controlled temperature during the four-days co-cultivation period was evaluated under the most physiologically relevant conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco (Ni...The importance of controlled temperature during the four-days co-cultivation period was evaluated under the most physiologically relevant conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi (nn, Smith)) leaf disks. We compared the effect of temperatures ranging from 15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C to 25°C on the stable expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity of 14 days old hygromycin-selected leaf disks, and on the increase in the fresh weight yield of 28 days old kanamycin-selected calli. The highest average of GUS activity was obtained at 20°C among the five temperatures tested although the difference between the 18°C and 20°C treatment was not statistically significant. The GUS activity at 15°C was statistically lower than those at 18°C and 20°C. The GUS activity in 22°C treatment was an intermediate between the highest (18/20°C) and second highest averages (15°C), and was not statistically significantly different. The lowest average of GUS activity was observed at 25°C. The highest increase in the plate average of fresh weight yield was obtained at 20°C among the five temperature tested. The 20°C treatment was statistically significantly better than the 15°C and 18°C treatments. The 20°C co-cultivation treatment resulted in the higher FW yield than 22°C and 25°C even though the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, low co-cultivation temperature at 20°C resulted in the reproducible maximum increase in both the fresh weight yield and stable expression of GUS activity after transformation of tobacco leaf disks.展开更多
The effect of three different N-fertilization levels （NI： 625, N2：385 and N3：770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10＋3MGO＋30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers） on fresh and dry weight...The effect of three different N-fertilization levels （NI： 625, N2：385 and N3：770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10＋3MGO＋30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers） on fresh and dry weight of the perennial Rosmarinus officinalis （upright cultivar） was investigated during the 2nd year after establishment at the Experimental Farm of the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly in Greece （TEI; Larissa plain） in 2015. It is well documented that the crop reaches its potential yield on the third year of cultivation and continues producing biomass for as long as eight years. Complete weather data （air temperature, radiation, air humidity, precipitation） were recorded hourly in an automatic meteorological station, which was installed to the experimental farm of TEI. Upon harvest （November 3rd 2015）, the crop reached a maximum fresh yield of 11.67 tons per hectare and dry yield of 4.3, respectively. The average fresh weight was 8.2, 8.4 and 8.9 t hal and the dry weight were 2.6, 3.1 and 3.2 t ha-1 for the N1, N2 and N3 levels, respectively. Furthermore the higher moisture content was observed in the case of N1 level （68%）. Therefore, the above data show that rosemary cultivation could be a promising alternative crop, especially in case of the consideration that average selling price of dry rosemary in Greece is 3.5 ∈ kg^-1 and the average gross income exceeds the amount of 10,000 ∈ ha^-1.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer levels on lodging and yield of rice. [Method] A total of four treatments were designed and applied with 6, 9, 12 and 15 kg of nitrogen fe...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer levels on lodging and yield of rice. [Method] A total of four treatments were designed and applied with 6, 9, 12 and 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, respectively. After seedling transplanting, the biological characteristics of rice at different growth stages in each treatment and the biological and economic characteristics of rice after lodging were determined for statistical analysis. [Result] Application with 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer had significant promotion effect on the increase of rice yield; compared with the control (6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer), rice yield in three experimental treatments (9, 12 and 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, respectively) increased by 50.74%, 89.11% and 94.48%, respectively; lodging-resistance mechanical strengths of the three experimental treatments were 103.97%, 132.01% and 89.83% of the control, respectively; rice lodging resistance of treatment C (12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer) was the strongest, with the highest yield. [Conclusion] This study provides reference data and technical support for the rational fertilization of rice production.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Introduction<span>:</span></span></b><span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""&g...<b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Introduction<span>:</span></span></b><span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Pergularia tomentosa</span></i></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> is a saharan spontaneous plant belonging to <i>Asclepiadacea </i>family. It has several medicinal properties and uses in the human food as an auxiliary in cheese-making. The purpose of this study is the extraction of the coagulant enzymatic system (C.E.S) from the plant dried leaves and its use in the preparation of fresh cheese. <b>Materials & Methods</b></span></span><span><b><span style="font-family:;" "="">: </span></b></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The determination of the coagulant activity was carried out on a skimmed</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> milk <span>powder by Berridge’s method. Cow’s milk used for coagulant strength</span> deter<span>mination and cheese-making. Proteolytic activity</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. </span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The chemical </span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">determinations <span>of raw milk were carried out according to AFNOR analysis methods. A</span> descriptive sensory evaluation was performed to determine the organoleptic pro<span>perties of the produced cheese. The proteolytic activity was determined b</span>y measuring the aspartyl-protease units. <b>Results:</b> The main results of the phy<span>sico-chemical characterization show that its coagulant activity (R.U mL<sup>-1</sup>)</span> was 97.19 ± 4.67, coagulant strength (SU) was 230.05 ± 0.37, proteolytic activity (μg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>mL<sup>-1</sup>) was 0.33 ± 0.04 and coagulant activity/proteolytic activity ratio was <span>294.51. For the cheese made, it has presented the following results</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">as %</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (g/100g): <span>titrable acidity 0.80 ± 0.005, total dry extract 30.48 ± 1.490, fat 2</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">32 ± 0.02, fresh </span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">yield 11.5 ± 0</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">09, dry yield 30.06 ± 0.05. Moreover, sensory analysis results<span> showed that fresh cheese prepared from <i>Pergularia tomentosa</i> dried</span> <span>leaves diluted enzymatic extract filtrate was characterized by whitish color</span><span>, smooth texture, with acceptable and satisfying lactic taste. <b>Conclusion:</b> The plant enzymatic system studied could be added to the list of plant rennet substitutes and, thus, contribute</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> to the manufacture of enzymatic coagula</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">tion cheese.</span></span><span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span>展开更多
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(12)3006]Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program,China(BE2013352)Study on Saving the Cost Facility Cultivation Techniques of High-quality,Safe and Efficient in Fresh Faba Bean(HL2014029)~~
文摘Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.
文摘The importance of controlled temperature during the four-days co-cultivation period was evaluated under the most physiologically relevant conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi (nn, Smith)) leaf disks. We compared the effect of temperatures ranging from 15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C to 25°C on the stable expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity of 14 days old hygromycin-selected leaf disks, and on the increase in the fresh weight yield of 28 days old kanamycin-selected calli. The highest average of GUS activity was obtained at 20°C among the five temperatures tested although the difference between the 18°C and 20°C treatment was not statistically significant. The GUS activity at 15°C was statistically lower than those at 18°C and 20°C. The GUS activity in 22°C treatment was an intermediate between the highest (18/20°C) and second highest averages (15°C), and was not statistically significantly different. The lowest average of GUS activity was observed at 25°C. The highest increase in the plate average of fresh weight yield was obtained at 20°C among the five temperature tested. The 20°C treatment was statistically significantly better than the 15°C and 18°C treatments. The 20°C co-cultivation treatment resulted in the higher FW yield than 22°C and 25°C even though the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, low co-cultivation temperature at 20°C resulted in the reproducible maximum increase in both the fresh weight yield and stable expression of GUS activity after transformation of tobacco leaf disks.
文摘The effect of three different N-fertilization levels （NI： 625, N2：385 and N3：770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10＋3MGO＋30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers） on fresh and dry weight of the perennial Rosmarinus officinalis （upright cultivar） was investigated during the 2nd year after establishment at the Experimental Farm of the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly in Greece （TEI; Larissa plain） in 2015. It is well documented that the crop reaches its potential yield on the third year of cultivation and continues producing biomass for as long as eight years. Complete weather data （air temperature, radiation, air humidity, precipitation） were recorded hourly in an automatic meteorological station, which was installed to the experimental farm of TEI. Upon harvest （November 3rd 2015）, the crop reached a maximum fresh yield of 11.67 tons per hectare and dry yield of 4.3, respectively. The average fresh weight was 8.2, 8.4 and 8.9 t hal and the dry weight were 2.6, 3.1 and 3.2 t ha-1 for the N1, N2 and N3 levels, respectively. Furthermore the higher moisture content was observed in the case of N1 level （68%）. Therefore, the above data show that rosemary cultivation could be a promising alternative crop, especially in case of the consideration that average selling price of dry rosemary in Greece is 3.5 ∈ kg^-1 and the average gross income exceeds the amount of 10,000 ∈ ha^-1.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer levels on lodging and yield of rice. [Method] A total of four treatments were designed and applied with 6, 9, 12 and 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, respectively. After seedling transplanting, the biological characteristics of rice at different growth stages in each treatment and the biological and economic characteristics of rice after lodging were determined for statistical analysis. [Result] Application with 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer had significant promotion effect on the increase of rice yield; compared with the control (6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer), rice yield in three experimental treatments (9, 12 and 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, respectively) increased by 50.74%, 89.11% and 94.48%, respectively; lodging-resistance mechanical strengths of the three experimental treatments were 103.97%, 132.01% and 89.83% of the control, respectively; rice lodging resistance of treatment C (12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer) was the strongest, with the highest yield. [Conclusion] This study provides reference data and technical support for the rational fertilization of rice production.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:;" "="">Introduction<span>:</span></span></b><span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> Pergularia tomentosa</span></i></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> is a saharan spontaneous plant belonging to <i>Asclepiadacea </i>family. It has several medicinal properties and uses in the human food as an auxiliary in cheese-making. The purpose of this study is the extraction of the coagulant enzymatic system (C.E.S) from the plant dried leaves and its use in the preparation of fresh cheese. <b>Materials & Methods</b></span></span><span><b><span style="font-family:;" "="">: </span></b></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The determination of the coagulant activity was carried out on a skimmed</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> milk <span>powder by Berridge’s method. Cow’s milk used for coagulant strength</span> deter<span>mination and cheese-making. Proteolytic activity</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. </span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The chemical </span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">determinations <span>of raw milk were carried out according to AFNOR analysis methods. A</span> descriptive sensory evaluation was performed to determine the organoleptic pro<span>perties of the produced cheese. The proteolytic activity was determined b</span>y measuring the aspartyl-protease units. <b>Results:</b> The main results of the phy<span>sico-chemical characterization show that its coagulant activity (R.U mL<sup>-1</sup>)</span> was 97.19 ± 4.67, coagulant strength (SU) was 230.05 ± 0.37, proteolytic activity (μg<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>mL<sup>-1</sup>) was 0.33 ± 0.04 and coagulant activity/proteolytic activity ratio was <span>294.51. For the cheese made, it has presented the following results</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">as %</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> (g/100g): <span>titrable acidity 0.80 ± 0.005, total dry extract 30.48 ± 1.490, fat 2</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">32 ± 0.02, fresh </span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">yield 11.5 ± 0</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">.</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">09, dry yield 30.06 ± 0.05. Moreover, sensory analysis results<span> showed that fresh cheese prepared from <i>Pergularia tomentosa</i> dried</span> <span>leaves diluted enzymatic extract filtrate was characterized by whitish color</span><span>, smooth texture, with acceptable and satisfying lactic taste. <b>Conclusion:</b> The plant enzymatic system studied could be added to the list of plant rennet substitutes and, thus, contribute</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> to the manufacture of enzymatic coagula</span></span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">tion cheese.</span></span><span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span>
