This study investigates the relationship between demographic characteristics （company type, company ownership, company operating years, and sector） and supply logistics characteristics （source of supplies, average ...This study investigates the relationship between demographic characteristics （company type, company ownership, company operating years, and sector） and supply logistics characteristics （source of supplies, average number of suppliers for their products, replenishment frequency for their orders, and relationship with their suppliers） of companies that are operating in Mersin Free Zone along with their supplier selection criteria based on the 36 companies selected through convenience sampling. The finding implies that the relationships of company type---replenishment frequency, company type---relationship among suppliers, and company ownership---source of supplies are significant at the 95% confidence level. Besides, the most significant three supplier selection criteria are found to be quality, price, and delivery time respectively, while the least important three ones appear to be nationality （foreign/domestic） and the reputation of the supplier respectively.展开更多
The microstructure, hardness, and precipitate free zones（PFZ） of V55Ti30Ni15 alloys during heat treatment have been investigated in this study. The microstructure resulting from different heat treatment conditions h...The microstructure, hardness, and precipitate free zones（PFZ） of V55Ti30Ni15 alloys during heat treatment have been investigated in this study. The microstructure resulting from different heat treatment conditions has a great influence on hardness. The microstructure resulting from different heat treatment conditions has a great influence on hardness. Fine Ni Ti particles precipitate from the supersaturated V-matrix solid solution at 750 °C, increase in quantity until 800 °C, and then dissolve back into the V-matrix at 850 °C. The resultant hardness decreases with temperature until 800 °C, and then increases from 800 to 850 °C. The microstructure containing small Ni Ti precipitates resulting from the treatment of 18 h at800 °C has a good soft condition for workability. PFZ formed at the grain boundary of V-matrix during heat treatment was observed. Vacancies depletion in V-matrix maybe led to the formation of PFZ.展开更多
[ Objective] In order to construct the specific equine disease-free zone of of the Guangzhou Asian Games, to ensure that the equestrian events of Guangzhou Asian Games be smoothly held. [Methods] The species, quantiti...[ Objective] In order to construct the specific equine disease-free zone of of the Guangzhou Asian Games, to ensure that the equestrian events of Guangzhou Asian Games be smoothly held. [Methods] The species, quantities, distribution and seasonal variations of insects and wild animals in related zones were investigated from 2008 to 2010, and the collected samples of the insects and wild animals were tested in laboratory for related equine diseases. [Results] The investigations indicated that there were some mosquitoes, flies, horseflies, punkies, ticks, bats, wild birds and wild bears in equastrianism venue and peripheral regions of disease-free zone of the Guangzhou Asian Games, the laboratory results of Japa- nese encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, Nipah virus disease, West Nile fever, and Trypanosomiasis evansi, were all negative. According to the in- vestigations and test results, the risk assessments of insect and wild animal vectors in the prevalence of related equine diseases were made to con- firm that the risk was relatively low or very low, and comprehensive prevention and control measures with prevention as major measures and insecti- cides application and environment managements as supplementary means were made on the basis of the risk assessment conclusions. [ Conclu- sions] This research has laid a solid foundation for the successful building of the first specific equine disease-free zone in our country, ensured the smooth holding of the 16th equastdan competition in Guangzhou Asian Games.展开更多
[Objective]The model of regionalization management of specific equine disease-free zone were analysed and discussed. [Methods]International animal epidemics regionalization management experience and specific equine di...[Objective]The model of regionalization management of specific equine disease-free zone were analysed and discussed. [Methods]International animal epidemics regionalization management experience and specific equine disease-free zone establishment were analysed and discussed based on the State and OIE principles. [Results]The regionalization management of specific equine disease-free zone with county administrative regions level of international recognition was established first in China,combined with the region＇s geographical barrier and animal health. [Conclusion]The aim is to to provide experience and reference for other areas to establish specific disease-free zone.展开更多
The construction project of a non-super high-rise public building in Guangzhou’s Nansha Free Trade Zone faces unique challenges.The project established a full-cycle technical management system,encompassing technical ...The construction project of a non-super high-rise public building in Guangzhou’s Nansha Free Trade Zone faces unique challenges.The project established a full-cycle technical management system,encompassing technical management across various sectors and BIM collaboration.Simultaneously,it introduced advanced technical management such as deep foundation pits and core tube construction,along with a risk management system and special weather response strategies.Through these measures,the project achieved numerous significant results,forming a unique management paradigm that offers valuable insights for similar engineering projects.展开更多
This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zone...This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zones(FTZs)on integration into the digital global value chain(DGVC).The results demonstrate that the establishment of pilot FTZs positively promotes integration into the DGVC and generates a spatial spillover effect.Compared to coastal areas and small-and medium-sized cities,pilot FTZs have a more significant impact on the integration of inland regions and large cities into the DGVC.Mechanism tests reveal that pilot FTZs drive integration into the DGVC primarily by promoting digital industry agglomeration and enhancing the technological content of exports.Furthermore,bilateral foreign direct investment and digital trade rules positively amplify the impact of pilot FTZs on integration into the DGVC.Therefore,this study recommends comprehensively deepening the development of pilot FTZs,consistently enhancing the technological content of exports,and proactively establishing a sound digital trade regulatory framework.These recommendations offer valuable insights for DGVC integration and the construction of a high-standard free trade network.展开更多
Background:The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the periarterial capillary-free zone(paCFZ)after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapy in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion(BR...Background:The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the periarterial capillary-free zone(paCFZ)after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapy in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)by widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)and assess their associations with clinical outcomes.Methods:In this retrospective observational study of 54 treatment-naive BRVO patients with macular edema,we reviewed the findings of 12×12 mm^(2)SS-OCTA at baseline,3,6,and 12 months after intravitreal ranibizumab injections.The paCFZ and major retinal artery areas were measured on SS-OCTA images.The paCFZ area to artery area(P/A)ratio was calculated.Results:The paCFZ areas and P/A ratios of first-and second-order arteries were significantly greater in BRVO eyes than in contralateral eyes(all P<0.01),but there were no differences in the first-and second-order artery areas(P=0.20 and 0.25,respectively).The paCFZ areas and P/A ratios decreased significantly at 3,6,and 12 months after anti-VEGF therapy(all P<0.01).The baseline P/A ratio was significantly correlated with the baseline best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness,and their improvements at 3,6,and 12 months(all P<0.05).Baseline BCVA and P/A ratios of first-and second-order arteries were independently associated with the final BCVA in multivariate linear regression.Conclusions:Wide-field SS-OCTA shows that anti-VEGF therapy can lead to a significant improvement in the paCFZ parameters in BRVO.Smaller baseline P/A ratios on SS-OCTA tend to predict better visual outcomes at 12 months after anti-VEGF therapy.展开更多
Free economic zone (FEZ) has a long history and plays a more and more important role in the world economy. Most studies, however, focused on the theoretical analysis of benefit and cost as well as the economic role of...Free economic zone (FEZ) has a long history and plays a more and more important role in the world economy. Most studies, however, focused on the theoretical analysis of benefit and cost as well as the economic role of FEZ in the less developed countries and little attention has been paid to the evolution of FEZ. This paper will improve the above-mentioned studies and put forward the structural and spatial evolutionary model of FEZ by analyzing the development of objectives, preferential policy, governance structure, industrial sectors and location of FEZs based on the international economic and political development. FEZs develop towards: 1) more comprehensive and macro objectives, 2) more industry-oriented and multi-preferential policies, 3) more cross-national and combination zones with administrative areas, 4) more technology-intensive and multi-industries, 5) more flexible location and larger spatial dimensions, 6) more rapid evolution and typologies, and 7) more economic integration to the host economy.展开更多
As more and more Chinese and foreign-funded banks settle in the China(Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone(CSPFTZ), it has become an imperative to enhance risk management of offshore banking. At the international level, th...As more and more Chinese and foreign-funded banks settle in the China(Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone(CSPFTZ), it has become an imperative to enhance risk management of offshore banking. At the international level, the regulatory effort for offshore banking mainly focuses on tax evasion and money laundering.Existing regulatory frameworks have established standards to identify countries providing facilities for money laundering and developed punitive measures. In terms of strategy, it is suggested that, firstly, relevant regulatory measures should be improved in the short term, and it is necessary to define the scope of offshore banking and regulatory measures for Chinese banks and foreign-funded banks under a suitable legal framework. Secondly,it is necessary to establish risk exposure mechanism and risk evaluation system for the offshore banking in the CSPFTZ, while risk management measures are implemented based on on-site supervision. Thirdly, in the medium and long term, it is necessary to enhance management of potential risks which can be created by offshore banking due to deregulation. Fourthly, on the one hand, specific regulations should be formulated to provide a regulatory basis for taxation; on the other hand, tax informational exchange agreements(TIEAs) may be used as a reference for achieving effective tax regulation.展开更多
Nudeating and propagating of nanocrack forming in dislocation-free zone (DFZ) for a brittle material, TiAl alloy, was studied through in situ tensile test in TEM and analyzed using micro-fracture mechanics. The result...Nudeating and propagating of nanocrack forming in dislocation-free zone (DFZ) for a brittle material, TiAl alloy, was studied through in situ tensile test in TEM and analyzed using micro-fracture mechanics. The results show that many of dislocations can be emitted from a crack tip when the applied stress intensity KIa is larger than the stress intensity for dislocation emission KIe = 1.4MPa·m1/2 and a DFZ is formed after reaching equilibrium. The stress in a certain site in the DFZ, which is an elastic zone and is thinned gradually through dislocation multiplication and motion in the plastic zone, may be equal to the cohesive strength, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack in the DFZ or sometimes at the notch tip. The nanocrack forming in the DFZ is stable and can propagate into a cleavage microcrack through multiplication and movement of dislocations in the plastic zone under constant displacement condition.展开更多
Arbitration is vital for China Pilot Free Trade Zones(PFTZs). Though both of the Criminal Law and the Arbitration Law have clauses on liability of arbitrator, the ambiguity is risky for foreign arbitrators. There are ...Arbitration is vital for China Pilot Free Trade Zones(PFTZs). Though both of the Criminal Law and the Arbitration Law have clauses on liability of arbitrator, the ambiguity is risky for foreign arbitrators. There are three main theories on immunity of arbitrator in the world while China does not choose any one or set up a new one. For PFTZs' development, it is time to establish details on liability of arbitrator and arbitrator immunity.展开更多
The establishment of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone provides many possibilities for China's economic construction. This paper made a comparative analysis on investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trad...The establishment of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone provides many possibilities for China's economic construction. This paper made a comparative analysis on investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone and traditional investment management system,discussed achievements and problems of reform of investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone,and finally came up with pertinent policy recommendations.展开更多
High-level investment facilitation is crucial for China's overseas free economic zones(COFEZs)to attract and retain investment,mitigate business interruption risks,and foster a virtuous cycle.While research on inv...High-level investment facilitation is crucial for China's overseas free economic zones(COFEZs)to attract and retain investment,mitigate business interruption risks,and foster a virtuous cycle.While research on investment facilitation in COFEZs has mainly focused on summarizing and examining the investment facilitation measures adopted by typical national-level examples of COFEZs,relatively little attention has been paid to investigating the overall level and general problems of investment facilitation across COFEZs.This study expands the scope of case investigations by taking 60 COFEZs as samples.It constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator system which includes four dimensions:industrial infrastructure,social infrastructure,business support services,and seamless administrative supervision.By employing content analysis and regression analysis,this study identifies the characteristics and influencing factors of investment facilitation level in COFEZs.The results show that the overall level of investment facilitation in COFEZs is currently low.Specifically,COFEZs exhibit higher levels of investment facilitation in processing and manufacturing types and in Europe,while those in trade and logistics types and in Africa are relatively poor.Industrial infrastructure and business support services contribute more significantly to the overall scores of investment facilitation in COFEZs compared to social infrastructure and seamless administrative supervision.The investment facilitation level in COFEZs is essentially the result of a series of behaviors by developers and host governments,and it is affected by a combination of developers'perceptions of investment facilitation and the social environment in which developers and host governments promote investment facilitation.This study offers a new perspective on understanding COFEZs and contributes to the sustainable development of COFEZs.展开更多
Under the guidance of Deng Xiao-ping’s strategic think-ing of openning to the outside world, the structure of om-nibearing openness has basically taken shape in China. Follow-
The Opinions on Acceleration of Implementation of Free Trade Zone Strategy,which was issued by the State Council in the end of 2015,clearly proposed the establishment of high standard global FTA(free trade zone)networ...The Opinions on Acceleration of Implementation of Free Trade Zone Strategy,which was issued by the State Council in the end of 2015,clearly proposed the establishment of high standard global FTA(free trade zone)network that is based on surrounding countries regions and covers the'Belt and Road'region.As of now,China has signed 14 FTA agreements with 22 countries and regions,including ASEAN(Association of Southeast展开更多
The roles of shipping culture were introduced firstly,and then the development situation of Shanghai Free Trade Zone was analyzed. Finally,the ration between shipping culture and the construction of Shanghai Free Trad...The roles of shipping culture were introduced firstly,and then the development situation of Shanghai Free Trade Zone was analyzed. Finally,the ration between shipping culture and the construction of Shanghai Free Trade Zone was discussed to provide reference for the development of Shanghai Free Trade Zone.展开更多
With a view to accelerating the construction and development of the free trade zones and the foreign trade business of enterprises within the said zones, and making entering or leaving the zones convenient for those e...With a view to accelerating the construction and development of the free trade zones and the foreign trade business of enterprises within the said zones, and making entering or leaving the zones convenient for those enterprises; the Customs shall in accordance with the newly promulgated regulations as stipulated in Supervising Measures of the Customs in Free Trade Zones require that consigness, consignors or their agents register for the record their car.展开更多
It is of practical significance to study how to fully play the promoting effect of Shanghai Free Trade Zone(SFTZ) on China's marketization of interest rate after setting up SFTZ. In terms of interest parity theory...It is of practical significance to study how to fully play the promoting effect of Shanghai Free Trade Zone(SFTZ) on China's marketization of interest rate after setting up SFTZ. In terms of interest parity theory,this article tries to divide the process of China's marketization of interest rate into different stages and conduct in-depth study of the formation mechanism of interest rate of each stage from the perspective of capital flow. The results show that marketization of interest rate is a system project. It can be divided into three stages: official interest rate supplemented market, two-track system and integration, according to the progress of marketization of interest rate, and the formation mechanism of interest rate of each stage varies. Free trade zone is a domestic and international hub for capital flow. The condition of capital flow influences capital supply, thus affecting the formation mechanism of interest rate domestically in free trade zone and promoting the progress of China's marketization of interest rate. Marketization of interest rate, capital account liberalization, internationalization of RMB, and construction of international financial center are the supplementary, inseparable and transitional process. Therefore, the promoting effect of SFTZ on the marketization of interest rate, the capital account liberalization, the internationalization of RMB and the construction of international financial center should be made full use of. Finally, on the basis of it, this study explores hardships that China's marketization of interest rate faces after the foundation of SFTZ and puts forward corresponding policy suggestion.展开更多
Inward foreign direct investment （FDI） is expected to grow further by virtue of economic globalization. A thorough understanding of the locational determinants of inward FDI will be conducive to enhanced efficiency ...Inward foreign direct investment （FDI） is expected to grow further by virtue of economic globalization. A thorough understanding of the locational determinants of inward FDI will be conducive to enhanced efficiency in attracting direct and SOC-related investments from foreign entities. This study analyzes 51 cases of inward direct foreign investment made in the Incheon free economic zone （IFEZ） from 2002 to 2009 to determine the factors influencing FDI volume, the relevance of locations and the correlation between investment size and location. First, the relationship between the loeational determinants of FDI and the total investment size （total expected project cost） is analyzed. Second, the relationship between the locational determinants of FDI and the FDI is analyzed. Third, the relationship between the locational determinants of FDI and the location choice is analyzed. The results indicate the determinants that influence locations and investment size of FDI entities; whether these factors exercise influence in the zone; and the factors that have relatively significant effects. Ultimately, based on the analytical findings, a few implications for policy and practice are derived.展开更多
The China free trade zone,crucial for advancing a new open economy,has gained significant attention lately.We analyzed 885 papers from Peking University Core and CSSCI journals(2012-2023)using CiteSpace for visualizat...The China free trade zone,crucial for advancing a new open economy,has gained significant attention lately.We analyzed 885 papers from Peking University Core and CSSCI journals(2012-2023)using CiteSpace for visualization.Our research results indicate that the literature on China’s free trade zone peaked with 171 articles in 2015,and gradually returned to an average of 45 articles per year.The main research focuses in this field include“institutional innovation”,“negative list”,“financial innovation”,“financial openness”,“opening up to the outside world”,and“economic growth”.In addition,cutting-edge analysis indicates that“dual circulation”and“blockchain”are future research trends.The main authors of the literature include Yang Bin,Zhu Xiaolin,Yuan Bo,Li Meng,Zhao Liang,and others.Their affiliated institutions,research institutes,and universities have not yet formed a clear core circle of authors;The top three research institutions with the highest number of publications are the International Trade and Economic Cooperation Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce,Kaiyuan Law School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and the Comprehensive Research Institute of the Free Trade Zone of Sun Yatsen University.This article delves into the current hot topics and progress in the research of China’s free trade zones,providing important references and inspirations for future scholars in this field.展开更多
文摘This study investigates the relationship between demographic characteristics （company type, company ownership, company operating years, and sector） and supply logistics characteristics （source of supplies, average number of suppliers for their products, replenishment frequency for their orders, and relationship with their suppliers） of companies that are operating in Mersin Free Zone along with their supplier selection criteria based on the 36 companies selected through convenience sampling. The finding implies that the relationships of company type---replenishment frequency, company type---relationship among suppliers, and company ownership---source of supplies are significant at the 95% confidence level. Besides, the most significant three supplier selection criteria are found to be quality, price, and delivery time respectively, while the least important three ones appear to be nationality （foreign/domestic） and the reputation of the supplier respectively.
基金China Scholarship Council for the financial support for Peng Jiang’s study at CSIRO
文摘The microstructure, hardness, and precipitate free zones（PFZ） of V55Ti30Ni15 alloys during heat treatment have been investigated in this study. The microstructure resulting from different heat treatment conditions has a great influence on hardness. The microstructure resulting from different heat treatment conditions has a great influence on hardness. Fine Ni Ti particles precipitate from the supersaturated V-matrix solid solution at 750 °C, increase in quantity until 800 °C, and then dissolve back into the V-matrix at 850 °C. The resultant hardness decreases with temperature until 800 °C, and then increases from 800 to 850 °C. The microstructure containing small Ni Ti precipitates resulting from the treatment of 18 h at800 °C has a good soft condition for workability. PFZ formed at the grain boundary of V-matrix during heat treatment was observed. Vacancies depletion in V-matrix maybe led to the formation of PFZ.
基金the help and strong support of Departments the Chinese Animal Health and Epidemic Center,Guangdong Rsearch Institute of Entomology,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,the Agriculture,Fisheries and Conservation Department of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Jockey Club etc.,during the entomophily and wild animals prevention and control in the disease-free zone of Guangzhou Asian Games
文摘[ Objective] In order to construct the specific equine disease-free zone of of the Guangzhou Asian Games, to ensure that the equestrian events of Guangzhou Asian Games be smoothly held. [Methods] The species, quantities, distribution and seasonal variations of insects and wild animals in related zones were investigated from 2008 to 2010, and the collected samples of the insects and wild animals were tested in laboratory for related equine diseases. [Results] The investigations indicated that there were some mosquitoes, flies, horseflies, punkies, ticks, bats, wild birds and wild bears in equastrianism venue and peripheral regions of disease-free zone of the Guangzhou Asian Games, the laboratory results of Japa- nese encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, Nipah virus disease, West Nile fever, and Trypanosomiasis evansi, were all negative. According to the in- vestigations and test results, the risk assessments of insect and wild animal vectors in the prevalence of related equine diseases were made to con- firm that the risk was relatively low or very low, and comprehensive prevention and control measures with prevention as major measures and insecti- cides application and environment managements as supplementary means were made on the basis of the risk assessment conclusions. [ Conclu- sions] This research has laid a solid foundation for the successful building of the first specific equine disease-free zone in our country, ensured the smooth holding of the 16th equastdan competition in Guangzhou Asian Games.
文摘[Objective]The model of regionalization management of specific equine disease-free zone were analysed and discussed. [Methods]International animal epidemics regionalization management experience and specific equine disease-free zone establishment were analysed and discussed based on the State and OIE principles. [Results]The regionalization management of specific equine disease-free zone with county administrative regions level of international recognition was established first in China,combined with the region＇s geographical barrier and animal health. [Conclusion]The aim is to to provide experience and reference for other areas to establish specific disease-free zone.
文摘The construction project of a non-super high-rise public building in Guangzhou’s Nansha Free Trade Zone faces unique challenges.The project established a full-cycle technical management system,encompassing technical management across various sectors and BIM collaboration.Simultaneously,it introduced advanced technical management such as deep foundation pits and core tube construction,along with a risk management system and special weather response strategies.Through these measures,the project achieved numerous significant results,forming a unique management paradigm that offers valuable insights for similar engineering projects.
基金supported by the Key Project of the Hainan Province Marxist Theory Research and Development Program,titled“Research on the Opportunities and Challenges of the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement(DEPA)for the Construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port”(Grant Number:2023HNMGC02).
文摘This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zones(FTZs)on integration into the digital global value chain(DGVC).The results demonstrate that the establishment of pilot FTZs positively promotes integration into the DGVC and generates a spatial spillover effect.Compared to coastal areas and small-and medium-sized cities,pilot FTZs have a more significant impact on the integration of inland regions and large cities into the DGVC.Mechanism tests reveal that pilot FTZs drive integration into the DGVC primarily by promoting digital industry agglomeration and enhancing the technological content of exports.Furthermore,bilateral foreign direct investment and digital trade rules positively amplify the impact of pilot FTZs on integration into the DGVC.Therefore,this study recommends comprehensively deepening the development of pilot FTZs,consistently enhancing the technological content of exports,and proactively establishing a sound digital trade regulatory framework.These recommendations offer valuable insights for DGVC integration and the construction of a high-standard free trade network.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82101150,82171078)Shanghai clinical 3-year action plan-major clinical research(Grant Nos.SHDC2020CR2041B,SHDC2020CR5014-003)+1 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.21YF1405300)Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.20Y11911100,18411965100).
文摘Background:The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the periarterial capillary-free zone(paCFZ)after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapy in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)by widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)and assess their associations with clinical outcomes.Methods:In this retrospective observational study of 54 treatment-naive BRVO patients with macular edema,we reviewed the findings of 12×12 mm^(2)SS-OCTA at baseline,3,6,and 12 months after intravitreal ranibizumab injections.The paCFZ and major retinal artery areas were measured on SS-OCTA images.The paCFZ area to artery area(P/A)ratio was calculated.Results:The paCFZ areas and P/A ratios of first-and second-order arteries were significantly greater in BRVO eyes than in contralateral eyes(all P<0.01),but there were no differences in the first-and second-order artery areas(P=0.20 and 0.25,respectively).The paCFZ areas and P/A ratios decreased significantly at 3,6,and 12 months after anti-VEGF therapy(all P<0.01).The baseline P/A ratio was significantly correlated with the baseline best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness,and their improvements at 3,6,and 12 months(all P<0.05).Baseline BCVA and P/A ratios of first-and second-order arteries were independently associated with the final BCVA in multivariate linear regression.Conclusions:Wide-field SS-OCTA shows that anti-VEGF therapy can lead to a significant improvement in the paCFZ parameters in BRVO.Smaller baseline P/A ratios on SS-OCTA tend to predict better visual outcomes at 12 months after anti-VEGF therapy.
文摘Free economic zone (FEZ) has a long history and plays a more and more important role in the world economy. Most studies, however, focused on the theoretical analysis of benefit and cost as well as the economic role of FEZ in the less developed countries and little attention has been paid to the evolution of FEZ. This paper will improve the above-mentioned studies and put forward the structural and spatial evolutionary model of FEZ by analyzing the development of objectives, preferential policy, governance structure, industrial sectors and location of FEZs based on the international economic and political development. FEZs develop towards: 1) more comprehensive and macro objectives, 2) more industry-oriented and multi-preferential policies, 3) more cross-national and combination zones with administrative areas, 4) more technology-intensive and multi-industries, 5) more flexible location and larger spatial dimensions, 6) more rapid evolution and typologies, and 7) more economic integration to the host economy.
文摘As more and more Chinese and foreign-funded banks settle in the China(Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone(CSPFTZ), it has become an imperative to enhance risk management of offshore banking. At the international level, the regulatory effort for offshore banking mainly focuses on tax evasion and money laundering.Existing regulatory frameworks have established standards to identify countries providing facilities for money laundering and developed punitive measures. In terms of strategy, it is suggested that, firstly, relevant regulatory measures should be improved in the short term, and it is necessary to define the scope of offshore banking and regulatory measures for Chinese banks and foreign-funded banks under a suitable legal framework. Secondly,it is necessary to establish risk exposure mechanism and risk evaluation system for the offshore banking in the CSPFTZ, while risk management measures are implemented based on on-site supervision. Thirdly, in the medium and long term, it is necessary to enhance management of potential risks which can be created by offshore banking due to deregulation. Fourthly, on the one hand, specific regulations should be formulated to provide a regulatory basis for taxation; on the other hand, tax informational exchange agreements(TIEAs) may be used as a reference for achieving effective tax regulation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Nudeating and propagating of nanocrack forming in dislocation-free zone (DFZ) for a brittle material, TiAl alloy, was studied through in situ tensile test in TEM and analyzed using micro-fracture mechanics. The results show that many of dislocations can be emitted from a crack tip when the applied stress intensity KIa is larger than the stress intensity for dislocation emission KIe = 1.4MPa·m1/2 and a DFZ is formed after reaching equilibrium. The stress in a certain site in the DFZ, which is an elastic zone and is thinned gradually through dislocation multiplication and motion in the plastic zone, may be equal to the cohesive strength, resulting in initiating of a nanocrack in the DFZ or sometimes at the notch tip. The nanocrack forming in the DFZ is stable and can propagate into a cleavage microcrack through multiplication and movement of dislocations in the plastic zone under constant displacement condition.
基金The Special Research Fund for the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.14ZDC016)
文摘Arbitration is vital for China Pilot Free Trade Zones(PFTZs). Though both of the Criminal Law and the Arbitration Law have clauses on liability of arbitrator, the ambiguity is risky for foreign arbitrators. There are three main theories on immunity of arbitrator in the world while China does not choose any one or set up a new one. For PFTZs' development, it is time to establish details on liability of arbitrator and arbitrator immunity.
文摘The establishment of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone provides many possibilities for China's economic construction. This paper made a comparative analysis on investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone and traditional investment management system,discussed achievements and problems of reform of investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone,and finally came up with pertinent policy recommendations.
基金Key Program of the National Social Science Fund of China,No.22AZD052。
文摘High-level investment facilitation is crucial for China's overseas free economic zones(COFEZs)to attract and retain investment,mitigate business interruption risks,and foster a virtuous cycle.While research on investment facilitation in COFEZs has mainly focused on summarizing and examining the investment facilitation measures adopted by typical national-level examples of COFEZs,relatively little attention has been paid to investigating the overall level and general problems of investment facilitation across COFEZs.This study expands the scope of case investigations by taking 60 COFEZs as samples.It constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator system which includes four dimensions:industrial infrastructure,social infrastructure,business support services,and seamless administrative supervision.By employing content analysis and regression analysis,this study identifies the characteristics and influencing factors of investment facilitation level in COFEZs.The results show that the overall level of investment facilitation in COFEZs is currently low.Specifically,COFEZs exhibit higher levels of investment facilitation in processing and manufacturing types and in Europe,while those in trade and logistics types and in Africa are relatively poor.Industrial infrastructure and business support services contribute more significantly to the overall scores of investment facilitation in COFEZs compared to social infrastructure and seamless administrative supervision.The investment facilitation level in COFEZs is essentially the result of a series of behaviors by developers and host governments,and it is affected by a combination of developers'perceptions of investment facilitation and the social environment in which developers and host governments promote investment facilitation.This study offers a new perspective on understanding COFEZs and contributes to the sustainable development of COFEZs.
文摘Under the guidance of Deng Xiao-ping’s strategic think-ing of openning to the outside world, the structure of om-nibearing openness has basically taken shape in China. Follow-
文摘The Opinions on Acceleration of Implementation of Free Trade Zone Strategy,which was issued by the State Council in the end of 2015,clearly proposed the establishment of high standard global FTA(free trade zone)network that is based on surrounding countries regions and covers the'Belt and Road'region.As of now,China has signed 14 FTA agreements with 22 countries and regions,including ASEAN(Association of Southeast
基金Supported by Educational Science Research Project of Shanghai City(C16064)Key Teaching Reform Project for Undergraduate Education of Colleges and Universities in Shanghai City"Research and Practice of Training Modes of Shipping Professionals Based on Collaboration among Different Domains from a Perspective of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education"
文摘The roles of shipping culture were introduced firstly,and then the development situation of Shanghai Free Trade Zone was analyzed. Finally,the ration between shipping culture and the construction of Shanghai Free Trade Zone was discussed to provide reference for the development of Shanghai Free Trade Zone.
文摘With a view to accelerating the construction and development of the free trade zones and the foreign trade business of enterprises within the said zones, and making entering or leaving the zones convenient for those enterprises; the Customs shall in accordance with the newly promulgated regulations as stipulated in Supervising Measures of the Customs in Free Trade Zones require that consigness, consignors or their agents register for the record their car.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71573170 and 71573050)the Shanghai Social Science Fund(No.2015BJB003)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015T80423)
文摘It is of practical significance to study how to fully play the promoting effect of Shanghai Free Trade Zone(SFTZ) on China's marketization of interest rate after setting up SFTZ. In terms of interest parity theory,this article tries to divide the process of China's marketization of interest rate into different stages and conduct in-depth study of the formation mechanism of interest rate of each stage from the perspective of capital flow. The results show that marketization of interest rate is a system project. It can be divided into three stages: official interest rate supplemented market, two-track system and integration, according to the progress of marketization of interest rate, and the formation mechanism of interest rate of each stage varies. Free trade zone is a domestic and international hub for capital flow. The condition of capital flow influences capital supply, thus affecting the formation mechanism of interest rate domestically in free trade zone and promoting the progress of China's marketization of interest rate. Marketization of interest rate, capital account liberalization, internationalization of RMB, and construction of international financial center are the supplementary, inseparable and transitional process. Therefore, the promoting effect of SFTZ on the marketization of interest rate, the capital account liberalization, the internationalization of RMB and the construction of international financial center should be made full use of. Finally, on the basis of it, this study explores hardships that China's marketization of interest rate faces after the foundation of SFTZ and puts forward corresponding policy suggestion.
文摘Inward foreign direct investment （FDI） is expected to grow further by virtue of economic globalization. A thorough understanding of the locational determinants of inward FDI will be conducive to enhanced efficiency in attracting direct and SOC-related investments from foreign entities. This study analyzes 51 cases of inward direct foreign investment made in the Incheon free economic zone （IFEZ） from 2002 to 2009 to determine the factors influencing FDI volume, the relevance of locations and the correlation between investment size and location. First, the relationship between the loeational determinants of FDI and the total investment size （total expected project cost） is analyzed. Second, the relationship between the locational determinants of FDI and the FDI is analyzed. Third, the relationship between the locational determinants of FDI and the location choice is analyzed. The results indicate the determinants that influence locations and investment size of FDI entities; whether these factors exercise influence in the zone; and the factors that have relatively significant effects. Ultimately, based on the analytical findings, a few implications for policy and practice are derived.
文摘The China free trade zone,crucial for advancing a new open economy,has gained significant attention lately.We analyzed 885 papers from Peking University Core and CSSCI journals(2012-2023)using CiteSpace for visualization.Our research results indicate that the literature on China’s free trade zone peaked with 171 articles in 2015,and gradually returned to an average of 45 articles per year.The main research focuses in this field include“institutional innovation”,“negative list”,“financial innovation”,“financial openness”,“opening up to the outside world”,and“economic growth”.In addition,cutting-edge analysis indicates that“dual circulation”and“blockchain”are future research trends.The main authors of the literature include Yang Bin,Zhu Xiaolin,Yuan Bo,Li Meng,Zhao Liang,and others.Their affiliated institutions,research institutes,and universities have not yet formed a clear core circle of authors;The top three research institutions with the highest number of publications are the International Trade and Economic Cooperation Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce,Kaiyuan Law School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and the Comprehensive Research Institute of the Free Trade Zone of Sun Yatsen University.This article delves into the current hot topics and progress in the research of China’s free trade zones,providing important references and inspirations for future scholars in this field.
