Black soldier fly larvae(BSFL)were reared on mixtures of swine manure and circulating fluidized bed fly ash(CFA)in different ratios.The aim was to evaluate the impacts of insoluble inorganic matter on BSFL and larval ...Black soldier fly larvae(BSFL)were reared on mixtures of swine manure and circulating fluidized bed fly ash(CFA)in different ratios.The aim was to evaluate the impacts of insoluble inorganic matter on BSFL and larval frass.The growth performance and nutrient composition of the BSFL were measured under different treatments.The intestinal microbiota structure,morphological characteristics,and total proteolytic activity of the gut were analyzed.The larval frass was tested for nutrients and analyzed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron micrographs.In particular,the surface areas of microparticles from the larval frass(diameter<0.0074 mm)were measured using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method.It was found that CFA addition prolonged larval development and reduced the maximum larval weights.The mean larval length,crude protein,and highest larval weight showed negative regression with an increase in the CFA ratio(P<0.05).Morphological images indicated that physical clogging might be the main influencing factor on larval growth.Moreover,the microbial diversity and complexity in the larval gut increased with CFA addition,but CFA addition had little effect on the composition of dominant phyla or genera(P>0.05).Finally,the nutrient composition revealed that the frass met the organic fertilizer standard when the CFA addition ratio was less than 7.5%.The optimal addition ratio was 5%,at which the larvae had a more stable and healthier gut environment,but there was less of an effect on larval growth and nutrient composition.Moreover,particles from 5%CFA mixture had the highest surface area.展开更多
In recent years, black soldier fly (BSF) has been shown to efficiently convert organic waste into nutrient-rich larval biomass while generating frass as the main by-product. This work aims to investigate the potential...In recent years, black soldier fly (BSF) has been shown to efficiently convert organic waste into nutrient-rich larval biomass while generating frass as the main by-product. This work aims to investigate the potential of BSF frass (BSFF) as an organic fertilizer for agricultural production. BSFF was produced by recycling household waste using BSF larvae, and a portion was taken to the lab for physicochemical and microbial analyses before the field trial on lettuce growth and health. The field trial consisted of two doses of BSFF (15 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and 30 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) and one dose of urea (0.214 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>). An unfertilized plot was prepared and used as a control, and the effects on lettuce growth were assessed using agronomic parameters while the health effects were assessed using parameters such as: the number of leaves affected per plant, the incidence of affection, the severity of the affection and the microbial analysis. BSFF exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties as an organic fertilizer. Its application improved the growth parameters of lettuce plants compared to urea and control. The application rates of 15 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and 30 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> did not reveal any significant difference (p > 0.05). Further studies are therefore needed to determine the minimum applicable dose. The health parameters of the lettuce plants were slightly altered regardless of the treatment and the microbial analysis of the affected leaves revealed pathogenic microorganisms. We therefore recommend that decontamination methods be considered when producing BSFF as an organic fertilizer.展开更多
采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,对华山松大小蠹(Dendroc-tonus armandi Tsai et Li)成虫新鲜粪便和华山松韧皮部中的挥发性物质进行了分析。结果表明,华山松大小蠹雌雄成虫新鲜粪便和华山松韧皮部中挥发性物质以...采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,对华山松大小蠹(Dendroc-tonus armandi Tsai et Li)成虫新鲜粪便和华山松韧皮部中的挥发性物质进行了分析。结果表明,华山松大小蠹雌雄成虫新鲜粪便和华山松韧皮部中挥发性物质以倍半萜类物质最多,其次是单萜类物质,而未见有二萜类物质,华山松大小蠹雌雄成虫粪便和华山松韧皮部中挥发性物质在成分和含量上都有较大差别,粪便中单萜类物质含量明显高于韧皮部,而倍半萜含量则低于韧皮部。此外,6,6-二甲基-2-甲醛基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯、1,3,3-三甲基-2-羟基-双环[2.2.1]庚烷、2,3-二甲基-3-甲氧基-三环[2.2.1.0(2,6)]庚烷等15种挥发性物质仅存在于华山松大小蠹成虫粪便中;4,6,6-三甲基-(1s)-双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮、1,3,3-三甲基-2-酮-双环[2.2.1]庚烷、对位烯丙基-苯甲醚等8种挥发性物质只存在于雌性成虫粪便中;3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇、2,2,3-三甲基-1-乙醛基-3-环戊烯和二叔丁基对甲酚仅存在于雄性成虫粪便中。为下一步研究华山松大小蠹成虫对寄主华山松的选择性和华山松大小蠹信息素提供一定的理论基础。展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Cooperation and Exchange program of the Science and Technology Agency of Shanxi(grant number 202104041101044)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province(grant number 2022L499).
文摘Black soldier fly larvae(BSFL)were reared on mixtures of swine manure and circulating fluidized bed fly ash(CFA)in different ratios.The aim was to evaluate the impacts of insoluble inorganic matter on BSFL and larval frass.The growth performance and nutrient composition of the BSFL were measured under different treatments.The intestinal microbiota structure,morphological characteristics,and total proteolytic activity of the gut were analyzed.The larval frass was tested for nutrients and analyzed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron micrographs.In particular,the surface areas of microparticles from the larval frass(diameter<0.0074 mm)were measured using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method.It was found that CFA addition prolonged larval development and reduced the maximum larval weights.The mean larval length,crude protein,and highest larval weight showed negative regression with an increase in the CFA ratio(P<0.05).Morphological images indicated that physical clogging might be the main influencing factor on larval growth.Moreover,the microbial diversity and complexity in the larval gut increased with CFA addition,but CFA addition had little effect on the composition of dominant phyla or genera(P>0.05).Finally,the nutrient composition revealed that the frass met the organic fertilizer standard when the CFA addition ratio was less than 7.5%.The optimal addition ratio was 5%,at which the larvae had a more stable and healthier gut environment,but there was less of an effect on larval growth and nutrient composition.Moreover,particles from 5%CFA mixture had the highest surface area.
文摘In recent years, black soldier fly (BSF) has been shown to efficiently convert organic waste into nutrient-rich larval biomass while generating frass as the main by-product. This work aims to investigate the potential of BSF frass (BSFF) as an organic fertilizer for agricultural production. BSFF was produced by recycling household waste using BSF larvae, and a portion was taken to the lab for physicochemical and microbial analyses before the field trial on lettuce growth and health. The field trial consisted of two doses of BSFF (15 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and 30 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) and one dose of urea (0.214 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>). An unfertilized plot was prepared and used as a control, and the effects on lettuce growth were assessed using agronomic parameters while the health effects were assessed using parameters such as: the number of leaves affected per plant, the incidence of affection, the severity of the affection and the microbial analysis. BSFF exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties as an organic fertilizer. Its application improved the growth parameters of lettuce plants compared to urea and control. The application rates of 15 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and 30 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> did not reveal any significant difference (p > 0.05). Further studies are therefore needed to determine the minimum applicable dose. The health parameters of the lettuce plants were slightly altered regardless of the treatment and the microbial analysis of the affected leaves revealed pathogenic microorganisms. We therefore recommend that decontamination methods be considered when producing BSFF as an organic fertilizer.
文摘采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,对华山松大小蠹(Dendroc-tonus armandi Tsai et Li)成虫新鲜粪便和华山松韧皮部中的挥发性物质进行了分析。结果表明,华山松大小蠹雌雄成虫新鲜粪便和华山松韧皮部中挥发性物质以倍半萜类物质最多,其次是单萜类物质,而未见有二萜类物质,华山松大小蠹雌雄成虫粪便和华山松韧皮部中挥发性物质在成分和含量上都有较大差别,粪便中单萜类物质含量明显高于韧皮部,而倍半萜含量则低于韧皮部。此外,6,6-二甲基-2-甲醛基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯、1,3,3-三甲基-2-羟基-双环[2.2.1]庚烷、2,3-二甲基-3-甲氧基-三环[2.2.1.0(2,6)]庚烷等15种挥发性物质仅存在于华山松大小蠹成虫粪便中;4,6,6-三甲基-(1s)-双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮、1,3,3-三甲基-2-酮-双环[2.2.1]庚烷、对位烯丙基-苯甲醚等8种挥发性物质只存在于雌性成虫粪便中;3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇、2,2,3-三甲基-1-乙醛基-3-环戊烯和二叔丁基对甲酚仅存在于雄性成虫粪便中。为下一步研究华山松大小蠹成虫对寄主华山松的选择性和华山松大小蠹信息素提供一定的理论基础。
