This study was conducted to evaluate the antimierobial activity of ethylparaben （ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate） in flavoring agents and fragrances used tot cigarette production. In brief, different levels of ethylparab...This study was conducted to evaluate the antimierobial activity of ethylparaben （ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate） in flavoring agents and fragrances used tot cigarette production. In brief, different levels of ethylparaben were added to Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrance concentrates, and fermented with or without the additiorl of extra microbial strains. The aroma components in the fermented samples were detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） assay. The results showed that ethylparaben had good antimicrobial activity on the microorganism in Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrances, and as it significantly inhibited the growth of Sac- charomyces sp. Aeetobacter sp. , Agrobacterium sp. and Bacillus sp. , with an inhibition rate of 53%. Under natural fermentation condition, 91. 885% of the micro- organisms were inhibited by adding 0. 1 g/kg ethylparaben, 97.69% were inhibited by adding 0.3 g/kg ethylparaben, and 100% were inhibited by adding 0.5 g/kg ethylparaben. Moreover, the addition of ethylparaben had no obvious influence on the aroma components of the favoring agents and fragrances. So, it carl be used as a preservative for the quality control of favoring agents and fragrances for cigarette production.展开更多
A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based...A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.展开更多
On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked def...On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked deftly at the stove,his hands moving swiftly over the scorching iron wok as tender green tea leaves dance between his fingers.展开更多
By classifying non-hydrogen atoms of organic compounds,parametric dyeing,and establishing the relationship between non-hydrogen atoms,new structure descriptors were obtained.The structures of 48 common allergenic frag...By classifying non-hydrogen atoms of organic compounds,parametric dyeing,and establishing the relationship between non-hydrogen atoms,new structure descriptors were obtained.The structures of 48 common allergenic fragrance organic compounds were parametrically characterized.The multiple linear regression(MLR)and partial least-squares regression(PLS)methods were used to build two models of relationship between the compound structure and chromatographic retention time.The stability of the models was evaluated by the"leave-one-out"cross test,and the predictive ability of the models was tested using an external sample set.The correlation coefficients(R2)of the two models are 0.9791 and 0.9744,those(R(CV)~2)of the cross test are 0.8542 and 0.7464,and those(R(test)~2)of the external prediction are 0.9802 and 0.9367,indicating that the models built have good fitting ability,stability and external forecasting capabilities.The structural factors affecting the chromatographic retention time of the compounds were analyzed.The results show that the compound with more secondary carbon atoms may have larger chromatographic retention time(tR)value.This paper has certain reference value for the study on the relationship between the structures and properties of allergenic fragrance organic compounds.展开更多
Jasminum sambac(jasmine flower),a world-renowned plant appreciated for its exceptional flower fragrance,is of cultural and economic importance.However,the genetic basis of its fragrance is largely unknown.Here,we pres...Jasminum sambac(jasmine flower),a world-renowned plant appreciated for its exceptional flower fragrance,is of cultural and economic importance.However,the genetic basis of its fragrance is largely unknown.Here,we present the first de novo genome assembly of J.sambac with 550.12 Mb(scaffold N50=40.10 Mb)assembled into 13 pseudochromosomes.Terpene synthase(TPS)genes associated with flower fragrance are considerably amplified in the form of gene clusters through tandem duplications in the genome.Gene clusters within the salicylic acid/benzoic acid/theobromine(SABATH)and benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase/anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases/anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase/deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase(BAHD)superfamilies were identified to be related to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid compounds.Several key genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis were duplicated,causing an increase in copy numbers.In addition,multi-omics analyses identified various aromatic compounds and many genes involved in fragrance biosynthesis pathways.Furthermore,the roles of JsTPS3 in b-ocimene biosynthesis,as well as JsAOC1 and JsAOS in jasmonic acid biosynthesis,were functionally validated.The genome assembled in this study for J.sambac offers a basic genetic resource for studying floral scent and jasmonate biosynthesis,and provides a foundation for functional genomic research and variety improvements in Jasminum.展开更多
Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragran...Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.展开更多
Aesthetic Lifestyle of Jiangnan Exhibition at Malta The Aesthetic Lifestyle of Jiangnan Exhibition opened on October 16 at China Cultural Center in Malta.Focusing on the themes of“Fragrance,Music,Taste and Embroidery...Aesthetic Lifestyle of Jiangnan Exhibition at Malta The Aesthetic Lifestyle of Jiangnan Exhibition opened on October 16 at China Cultural Center in Malta.Focusing on the themes of“Fragrance,Music,Taste and Embroidery”the exhibition features over 70 carefully selected artifacts from the Jiangnan region.It presents audience with a flowing tableau of Eastern lifestyle and artistry.This curated exhibition offers a rare glimpse into the sophisticated lives of ancient Chinese scholars and their cultural heritage,which continues to inspire generations.展开更多
Lotus(Nelumbo spp.)is a valuable plant resource with promising applications in the cosmetic and food industries.To effectively utilize the aromatic compounds of lotus flowers,it is essential to clarify the optimal har...Lotus(Nelumbo spp.)is a valuable plant resource with promising applications in the cosmetic and food industries.To effectively utilize the aromatic compounds of lotus flowers,it is essential to clarify the optimal harvesting organ and flowering stage.In this study,headspace solidphase microextraction(HS-SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC—MS)were employed to investigate the volatile profiles of four lotus cultivars across different flowering stages and floral organs.A total of 63 volatile compounds were identified,including 36 terpenes,10 benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,and 17 fatty acid derivatives.Among them,1,4-dimethoxybenzene was the dominant aromatic compound.The volatile profiles of petals differed significantly from those of the other five floral organs.The appendages,a component of the stamens,released the highest concentrations of volatiles,with peak emission at the initial-flowering or full-flowering stages.However,due to pollen dispersal,lotus flowers at full flowering were unsuitable for food or cosmetic applications.Thus,appendages harvested during the initialflowering stage were the most suitable material for high-quality extraction.This study lays a foundation for the industrial development of lotus flower fragrance.展开更多
A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and ...A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and subjective feedback before and after using the fragranced products.The results showed that both the alpha and theta band activities of the participants increased significantly after using body washes,especially in the occipito-parietal and frontal area of brain,indicating that their brains were at a higher level of stability and relaxation.Meanwhile,in terms of subjective evaluation,the participants’ subjective feelings such as calmness,relaxation,tranquility,and calmness were significantly enhanced.This study has revealed the efficacy of fragranced products in improving mood and is expected to provide support for the development and application of fragranced products.展开更多
To study the main aroma components of Phalaenopsis orchid and their relationship with colors,10 fragrant cultivars with different colors,like pink,rose,yellow,and purple,were used as samples in this experiment.Headspa...To study the main aroma components of Phalaenopsis orchid and their relationship with colors,10 fragrant cultivars with different colors,like pink,rose,yellow,and purple,were used as samples in this experiment.Headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the main components of floral fragrance and analyze the correlation between floral color and fragrance.The results showed that the main aroma components of the 10 fragrant cultivars of Phalaenopsis were alcohols,alkenes,esters,and benzene ring compounds,and the main aroma components of different cultivars were diverse.The main aroma components of yellow fragrant flowers were esters,alcohols,and alkenes.The purple and pink series were alcohols and phenyl rings.There was a certain correlation between flower color and floral fragrance.There was a significant positive correlation between esters and flower color C^(*)value,and a significant negative correlation between alkenes and flower color h value.There was a significant negative correlation between alcohol and flower color C^(*)value,and a significant positive correlation between alcohol and L^(*)value.The content of benzene compounds was negatively correlated with L^(*)and positively correlated with h value.This may be related to the synthesizing of anthocyanins and benzene ring compounds through the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway.In this paper,the correlation between Phalaenopsis floral color and fragrance was studied,and the synthetic pathway of floral color and fragrance components was analyzed.The proposed method and research data can provide a theoretical basis for floral color breeding and fragrance synthesis.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)culture has a long history and has played an important role in scientific theories and practices,showing its unique advantages in epidemic prevention,control and treatment.The state ha...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)culture has a long history and has played an important role in scientific theories and practices,showing its unique advantages in epidemic prevention,control and treatment.The state has made great efforts to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage,but in the actual protection process,it is affected by subjective and objective factors,which has hindered the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage to a certain extent.Under the guidance of TCM theories,medicinal fragrance is used in disease prevention and treatment,health preservation and other aspects.As a lost pearl among TCM techniques,the craftsmanship of making medicinal fragrance is facing many problems in inheritance and development,which need to be solved urgently.Based on the above background,this paper takes the protection and inheritance of TCM culture as the starting point,selects the intangible cultural heritage of medicinal fragrance as the research content,shows the cultural charm of intangible cultural heritage medicinal fragrance to the audience,enables more audiences to understand intangible cultural heritage medicinal fragrance and TCM culture,and makes the relevant content of TCM culture closer to people's daily life.It aims to enhance the public's sense of identity with TCM culture,thereby promoting the inheritance and development of TCM culture.展开更多
High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of ...High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2 were discussed in depth. It was pointed out that variety degeneration, growth period influence, environmental factor influence, soil fertility influence and long drying time were the main causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2. In addition, countermeasures for avoiding the fragrance diminishing were put forward.展开更多
The luxury market has experienced considerable growth over recent years, being one of the sectors that have been the most resistant to the current economic recession. Selective fragrances make up one of the primary ca...The luxury market has experienced considerable growth over recent years, being one of the sectors that have been the most resistant to the current economic recession. Selective fragrances make up one of the primary categories of the so-called accessible luxury consumed by a middle class that is seeking to approach the upper classes by copying their lifestyle. Despite the importance of this market, there is relatively little literature existing in regards to the study of the image of luxury brands due to the complexity of the luxury phenomenon. This article presents the results of an initial qualitative study conducted on focus groups of luxury fragrance consumers, making it possible to identify the types of attributes to be considered when studying the brand image of said luxury products. Subsequently, a quantitative study was conducted in order to determine the perceived image of the principle luxury fragrance brands by consumers. Thanks to this study, it has been possible to determine the typical profile of each of the analyzed brands so that a subsequent comparison may be made with the advertising created by said brands in order to verify whether or not the image projected in their advertising corresponds with the perceived image of their target audience.展开更多
Encapsulation and controlled release of volatile molecules such as fragrances in a designed manner is important but challenging for the flavor and fragrance industry.Here,we report the tuning release of volatile molec...Encapsulation and controlled release of volatile molecules such as fragrances in a designed manner is important but challenging for the flavor and fragrance industry.Here,we report the tuning release of volatile molecules by postsynthetic modification of an amine-terminated metal-organic framework(MOF)MIL-101-NH_(2).By amidation,we obtained three MIL-101 MOFs,the trimethylacetamideterminated TC-MIL-101,the benzamide-terminated BC-MIL-101,and the oxalic acid monoamideterminated OC-MIL-101.All the MOFs can efficiently encapsulate volatile molecules.Moreover,we demonstrate that the release profile of volatiles can be widely tuned to sustain the release in several days to months and even over a year using different modified MIL-101 MOFs.We show that the release profiles are correlated with the binding energies between the vip volatiles and pores in MOFs.The pore diffusion and the synergistic transport are the rate-limiting step of the vip molecules from the modified MOFs.展开更多
Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has...Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has drawn attention due to its strong sweet scented flowers.In this study,the floral components of R.yangii were extracted at different flowering stages using solid phase micro extraction(SPME)and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 131 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were detected from R.yangii,including 69 odor compounds.The production and release of floral VOCs were the highest during the initial-open stage,making it the most suitable time for harvesting as a significant number of floral components were synthesized and preserved.The analysis of the odor activity values(OAV)highlighted several key aromatic ingredients of R.yangii,such as eugenol,methyleugenol,benzeneacetaldehyde and phenylethylalcohol,heptanal,decanal,(E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate,caryophyllene,and others.Metabolome and time-order gene co-expression networks(TO-GCN)revealed that VOCs and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,along with associated genes,played a pivotal role in the overall floral regulatory network of R.yangii.MYB and bHLH were identified as the essential regulatory factors governing the regulation of eugenol synthase(EGS)and isoeugenol synthase(IGS),consequently influencing the sweet scent of R.yangii.The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for enhancing fragrance through molecular breeding of ornamental plants.Furthermore,the study facilitated the development and utilization of this new plant’s essential oil material in various industries,including food storage,aromatherapy,cosmetic,and perfumery.展开更多
Fragrances are frequently added to a variety of products,including food,cosmetics and health products.However,the high volatility and instability of essence limit its application in some fields.In this study,mesoporou...Fragrances are frequently added to a variety of products,including food,cosmetics and health products.However,the high volatility and instability of essence limit its application in some fields.In this study,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs) were prepared to encapsulate eugenol,which could reduce the volatilization of the fragrance molecules.A facile approach was presented to synthesize MSNs with three different pore diameters for encapsulating eugenol.In addition,the properties of MSNs including mean particle size,morphology,encapsulating efficiency and release tendency were charac terized.Results showed that the larger the pore diameters of MSNs,the more aromatic molecules were adsorbed.Furthermore,the release mechanism was described as the smaller the pore diameters of MSNs,the slower the release of eugenol.展开更多
Fragranced products are wildly used in our daily life. However, their storage, application and quality are severely influenced by their strong volatility. In order to overcome these natural defects of fragrances,fragr...Fragranced products are wildly used in our daily life. However, their storage, application and quality are severely influenced by their strong volatility. In order to overcome these natural defects of fragrances,fragrance encapsulation approaches have been developed recently. In this study, a mild, simple and lowcost method of fragrance encapsulation was invented. Liposomes composed of soya lecithin/DSPEPEG2000/PLGA were prepared to encapsulate lily fragrance(LF). And these nanosized fragrance products was named LF-NPs. The hydrodynamic diameters of LF-NPs were approximately 100 nm and their encapsulation efficiency was up to 21.9%. Besides, LF-NPs could also prolong the release time of lily fragrance. Finally, the cytotoxicity tests indicated that LF-NPs offered biocompatibility. Therefore, LF-NPs were expected to have application prospects.展开更多
The objective of our study was to lay a foundation for the effect of flower flagrance on human emotions and to provide a theory for the choice of indoor plants and the improvement of the olfactory environment. Specifi...The objective of our study was to lay a foundation for the effect of flower flagrance on human emotions and to provide a theory for the choice of indoor plants and the improvement of the olfactory environment. Specifically, our purpose was to study human physiological responses to flower fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇ and Rosa ＇Escimo＇. The participants were 31 college students. Blood pressure, pulse rate, finger temperature （FT） and galvanic skin response （GSR） were measured. The results show that the fragrance of Rosa ＇Escimo＇ causes the diastolic pressure and pulse rate of the participants to reduce significantly. The average decrease was 0.37 kPa and 2.23 beats per minute, which indicates that sympathetic nervous activity increases, physiological arousal decreases and emotional alleviation occurs. Furthermore, the GSR of participants significantly increased by smelling the fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇, indicating that both sympathetic nervous activity and physiological arousal increased. But the data could not prove that flower fragrance stimulation has an effect on changes in systolic pressure and finger temperature. Some other factors, such as basic emotion and weather, may have an effect.展开更多
The study of multi-modal communication has only recently been extended to innate and learned interactions between flowers and their animal visitors, and usually only to pollinators. Here we studied the relevance of fl...The study of multi-modal communication has only recently been extended to innate and learned interactions between flowers and their animal visitors, and usually only to pollinators. Here we studied the relevance of floral scent and visual display of a night blooming, putatively hawkmoth-pollinated plant Oenothera acaulis （Onagraceae） in the attraction of non-native cockroaches Blatta orientalis （Blattodea： Blattidae）, which function as facultative floral larcenists in coastal habitats of central Chile. We experimentally decoupled visual （corolla） and olfactory （fragrance） stimuli by presenting paper corollas and green mesh bags, with or without a freshly-picked natural flower inside. We then contrasted the behavioral responses of roaches in these treatments with those to the natural combination of traits in actual flowers and their respective control treatments, measuring the roaches＇ frequency of first visits, mean and total residence time spent in each treatment. The roaches primarily used olfactory cues when approaching O. acaulis flowers at two biologically relevant spatial scales. In addition, the presence of conspecific roaches had a strong influence on recruitment to the experimental arena, increasing the statistical differences among treatments. Our results suggest a primacy of floral fragrance over visual stimuli in the foraging responses of B. orientalis. Olfactory cues were necessary and sufficient to attract the roaches, and the visual cues presented in our manipulations only marginally increased their attraction within a 20 cm diameter of the stimulus. The full spectrum of floral visitation behavior was not elicited by the artificial flowers, suggesting the need for additional tactile or contact chemosensory stimuli not provided by paper. Although the nitrogenous scent compounds that we found in O. acaulis flowers are almost exclusively found in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers, the attractiveness of these compounds to a non-native, facultative flower-visiting insect indicates that they do not function as pollinator-specific signals for hawkmoth attraction .展开更多
Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic ...Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic products and prolonging the service life of aromatic products are the key scientific problems that need to be solved in current aromatic products.In this study,zwitterionic comb-like lipid polymers were synthesized to encapsulate the fragrance molecule linalool.The results showed that the zwitterionic comb lipid molecules were capable of encapsulating more linalool than linear lipid molecules.At the same time,the zwitterionic comb-like lipid molecules also limited the slow release rate of the aroma,thereby increasing the fragrance retention time of the nano-fragrance.展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of the Key Laboratory of Cigarette Flavoring Components Research of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd(2015539200340278)
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the antimierobial activity of ethylparaben （ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate） in flavoring agents and fragrances used tot cigarette production. In brief, different levels of ethylparaben were added to Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrance concentrates, and fermented with or without the additiorl of extra microbial strains. The aroma components in the fermented samples were detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） assay. The results showed that ethylparaben had good antimicrobial activity on the microorganism in Ziyun and Ruanzhen fragrances, and as it significantly inhibited the growth of Sac- charomyces sp. Aeetobacter sp. , Agrobacterium sp. and Bacillus sp. , with an inhibition rate of 53%. Under natural fermentation condition, 91. 885% of the micro- organisms were inhibited by adding 0. 1 g/kg ethylparaben, 97.69% were inhibited by adding 0.3 g/kg ethylparaben, and 100% were inhibited by adding 0.5 g/kg ethylparaben. Moreover, the addition of ethylparaben had no obvious influence on the aroma components of the favoring agents and fragrances. So, it carl be used as a preservative for the quality control of favoring agents and fragrances for cigarette production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21466016,21577053)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2016FB024).
文摘A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.
文摘On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked deftly at the stove,his hands moving swiftly over the scorching iron wok as tender green tea leaves dance between his fingers.
基金the Youth Foundation of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(18ZB0323)。
文摘By classifying non-hydrogen atoms of organic compounds,parametric dyeing,and establishing the relationship between non-hydrogen atoms,new structure descriptors were obtained.The structures of 48 common allergenic fragrance organic compounds were parametrically characterized.The multiple linear regression(MLR)and partial least-squares regression(PLS)methods were used to build two models of relationship between the compound structure and chromatographic retention time.The stability of the models was evaluated by the"leave-one-out"cross test,and the predictive ability of the models was tested using an external sample set.The correlation coefficients(R2)of the two models are 0.9791 and 0.9744,those(R(CV)~2)of the cross test are 0.8542 and 0.7464,and those(R(test)~2)of the external prediction are 0.9802 and 0.9367,indicating that the models built have good fitting ability,stability and external forecasting capabilities.The structural factors affecting the chromatographic retention time of the compounds were analyzed.The results show that the compound with more secondary carbon atoms may have larger chromatographic retention time(tR)value.This paper has certain reference value for the study on the relationship between the structures and properties of allergenic fragrance organic compounds.
基金We thank Novogene for genome sequencing and assembly.We thank Dr.Feng Cheng for his comments on our manuscript.This work was supported by the Elite Young Scientists Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program in China and self-raised funds.
文摘Jasminum sambac(jasmine flower),a world-renowned plant appreciated for its exceptional flower fragrance,is of cultural and economic importance.However,the genetic basis of its fragrance is largely unknown.Here,we present the first de novo genome assembly of J.sambac with 550.12 Mb(scaffold N50=40.10 Mb)assembled into 13 pseudochromosomes.Terpene synthase(TPS)genes associated with flower fragrance are considerably amplified in the form of gene clusters through tandem duplications in the genome.Gene clusters within the salicylic acid/benzoic acid/theobromine(SABATH)and benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase/anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases/anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase/deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase(BAHD)superfamilies were identified to be related to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid compounds.Several key genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis were duplicated,causing an increase in copy numbers.In addition,multi-omics analyses identified various aromatic compounds and many genes involved in fragrance biosynthesis pathways.Furthermore,the roles of JsTPS3 in b-ocimene biosynthesis,as well as JsAOC1 and JsAOS in jasmonic acid biosynthesis,were functionally validated.The genome assembled in this study for J.sambac offers a basic genetic resource for studying floral scent and jasmonate biosynthesis,and provides a foundation for functional genomic research and variety improvements in Jasminum.
文摘Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.
文摘Aesthetic Lifestyle of Jiangnan Exhibition at Malta The Aesthetic Lifestyle of Jiangnan Exhibition opened on October 16 at China Cultural Center in Malta.Focusing on the themes of“Fragrance,Music,Taste and Embroidery”the exhibition features over 70 carefully selected artifacts from the Jiangnan region.It presents audience with a flowing tableau of Eastern lifestyle and artistry.This curated exhibition offers a rare glimpse into the sophisticated lives of ancient Chinese scholars and their cultural heritage,which continues to inspire generations.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102413)the Biological Resources Programme CAS(Grant No.KFJ-BRP-017-44)Zhongshan Sinno Co.,Ltd.
文摘Lotus(Nelumbo spp.)is a valuable plant resource with promising applications in the cosmetic and food industries.To effectively utilize the aromatic compounds of lotus flowers,it is essential to clarify the optimal harvesting organ and flowering stage.In this study,headspace solidphase microextraction(HS-SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC—MS)were employed to investigate the volatile profiles of four lotus cultivars across different flowering stages and floral organs.A total of 63 volatile compounds were identified,including 36 terpenes,10 benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,and 17 fatty acid derivatives.Among them,1,4-dimethoxybenzene was the dominant aromatic compound.The volatile profiles of petals differed significantly from those of the other five floral organs.The appendages,a component of the stamens,released the highest concentrations of volatiles,with peak emission at the initial-flowering or full-flowering stages.However,due to pollen dispersal,lotus flowers at full flowering were unsuitable for food or cosmetic applications.Thus,appendages harvested during the initialflowering stage were the most suitable material for high-quality extraction.This study lays a foundation for the industrial development of lotus flower fragrance.
文摘A comprehensive analysis was performed on 30 healthy female participants to assess the impact of fragranced body washes on mood improvement.The study examined their objective electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and subjective feedback before and after using the fragranced products.The results showed that both the alpha and theta band activities of the participants increased significantly after using body washes,especially in the occipito-parietal and frontal area of brain,indicating that their brains were at a higher level of stability and relaxation.Meanwhile,in terms of subjective evaluation,the participants’ subjective feelings such as calmness,relaxation,tranquility,and calmness were significantly enhanced.This study has revealed the efficacy of fragranced products in improving mood and is expected to provide support for the development and application of fragranced products.
基金supported by the Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(ID Numbers 2024LZGC026 and 2021LZGC019)Shanghai Science and Technology Agriculture Project(ID Number 2020-02-08-00-12-F01463).
文摘To study the main aroma components of Phalaenopsis orchid and their relationship with colors,10 fragrant cultivars with different colors,like pink,rose,yellow,and purple,were used as samples in this experiment.Headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the main components of floral fragrance and analyze the correlation between floral color and fragrance.The results showed that the main aroma components of the 10 fragrant cultivars of Phalaenopsis were alcohols,alkenes,esters,and benzene ring compounds,and the main aroma components of different cultivars were diverse.The main aroma components of yellow fragrant flowers were esters,alcohols,and alkenes.The purple and pink series were alcohols and phenyl rings.There was a certain correlation between flower color and floral fragrance.There was a significant positive correlation between esters and flower color C^(*)value,and a significant negative correlation between alkenes and flower color h value.There was a significant negative correlation between alcohol and flower color C^(*)value,and a significant positive correlation between alcohol and L^(*)value.The content of benzene compounds was negatively correlated with L^(*)and positively correlated with h value.This may be related to the synthesizing of anthocyanins and benzene ring compounds through the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway.In this paper,the correlation between Phalaenopsis floral color and fragrance was studied,and the synthetic pathway of floral color and fragrance components was analyzed.The proposed method and research data can provide a theoretical basis for floral color breeding and fragrance synthesis.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)culture has a long history and has played an important role in scientific theories and practices,showing its unique advantages in epidemic prevention,control and treatment.The state has made great efforts to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage,but in the actual protection process,it is affected by subjective and objective factors,which has hindered the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage to a certain extent.Under the guidance of TCM theories,medicinal fragrance is used in disease prevention and treatment,health preservation and other aspects.As a lost pearl among TCM techniques,the craftsmanship of making medicinal fragrance is facing many problems in inheritance and development,which need to be solved urgently.Based on the above background,this paper takes the protection and inheritance of TCM culture as the starting point,selects the intangible cultural heritage of medicinal fragrance as the research content,shows the cultural charm of intangible cultural heritage medicinal fragrance to the audience,enables more audiences to understand intangible cultural heritage medicinal fragrance and TCM culture,and makes the relevant content of TCM culture closer to people's daily life.It aims to enhance the public's sense of identity with TCM culture,thereby promoting the inheritance and development of TCM culture.
文摘High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2 were discussed in depth. It was pointed out that variety degeneration, growth period influence, environmental factor influence, soil fertility influence and long drying time were the main causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2. In addition, countermeasures for avoiding the fragrance diminishing were put forward.
文摘The luxury market has experienced considerable growth over recent years, being one of the sectors that have been the most resistant to the current economic recession. Selective fragrances make up one of the primary categories of the so-called accessible luxury consumed by a middle class that is seeking to approach the upper classes by copying their lifestyle. Despite the importance of this market, there is relatively little literature existing in regards to the study of the image of luxury brands due to the complexity of the luxury phenomenon. This article presents the results of an initial qualitative study conducted on focus groups of luxury fragrance consumers, making it possible to identify the types of attributes to be considered when studying the brand image of said luxury products. Subsequently, a quantitative study was conducted in order to determine the perceived image of the principle luxury fragrance brands by consumers. Thanks to this study, it has been possible to determine the typical profile of each of the analyzed brands so that a subsequent comparison may be made with the advertising created by said brands in order to verify whether or not the image projected in their advertising corresponds with the perceived image of their target audience.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0200301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21875211 and 51603181)。
文摘Encapsulation and controlled release of volatile molecules such as fragrances in a designed manner is important but challenging for the flavor and fragrance industry.Here,we report the tuning release of volatile molecules by postsynthetic modification of an amine-terminated metal-organic framework(MOF)MIL-101-NH_(2).By amidation,we obtained three MIL-101 MOFs,the trimethylacetamideterminated TC-MIL-101,the benzamide-terminated BC-MIL-101,and the oxalic acid monoamideterminated OC-MIL-101.All the MOFs can efficiently encapsulate volatile molecules.Moreover,we demonstrate that the release profile of volatiles can be widely tuned to sustain the release in several days to months and even over a year using different modified MIL-101 MOFs.We show that the release profiles are correlated with the binding energies between the vip volatiles and pores in MOFs.The pore diffusion and the synergistic transport are the rate-limiting step of the vip molecules from the modified MOFs.
基金supported by the Beijing High-Precision Discipline Project,Discipline of Ecological Environment of Urban and Rural Human Settlements and the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1000400)。
文摘Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has drawn attention due to its strong sweet scented flowers.In this study,the floral components of R.yangii were extracted at different flowering stages using solid phase micro extraction(SPME)and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 131 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were detected from R.yangii,including 69 odor compounds.The production and release of floral VOCs were the highest during the initial-open stage,making it the most suitable time for harvesting as a significant number of floral components were synthesized and preserved.The analysis of the odor activity values(OAV)highlighted several key aromatic ingredients of R.yangii,such as eugenol,methyleugenol,benzeneacetaldehyde and phenylethylalcohol,heptanal,decanal,(E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate,caryophyllene,and others.Metabolome and time-order gene co-expression networks(TO-GCN)revealed that VOCs and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,along with associated genes,played a pivotal role in the overall floral regulatory network of R.yangii.MYB and bHLH were identified as the essential regulatory factors governing the regulation of eugenol synthase(EGS)and isoeugenol synthase(IGS),consequently influencing the sweet scent of R.yangii.The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for enhancing fragrance through molecular breeding of ornamental plants.Furthermore,the study facilitated the development and utilization of this new plant’s essential oil material in various industries,including food storage,aromatherapy,cosmetic,and perfumery.
基金This work was financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(No.2016YFA0200303)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.L172046,2192057)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31771095,21875254 and 21905283).
文摘Fragrances are frequently added to a variety of products,including food,cosmetics and health products.However,the high volatility and instability of essence limit its application in some fields.In this study,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs) were prepared to encapsulate eugenol,which could reduce the volatilization of the fragrance molecules.A facile approach was presented to synthesize MSNs with three different pore diameters for encapsulating eugenol.In addition,the properties of MSNs including mean particle size,morphology,encapsulating efficiency and release tendency were charac terized.Results showed that the larger the pore diameters of MSNs,the more aromatic molecules were adsorbed.Furthermore,the release mechanism was described as the smaller the pore diameters of MSNs,the slower the release of eugenol.
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFA0200303)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No. 2164071)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31522023,31771095, and 51573188)the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission(No. 2161100002616015)
文摘Fragranced products are wildly used in our daily life. However, their storage, application and quality are severely influenced by their strong volatility. In order to overcome these natural defects of fragrances,fragrance encapsulation approaches have been developed recently. In this study, a mild, simple and lowcost method of fragrance encapsulation was invented. Liposomes composed of soya lecithin/DSPEPEG2000/PLGA were prepared to encapsulate lily fragrance(LF). And these nanosized fragrance products was named LF-NPs. The hydrodynamic diameters of LF-NPs were approximately 100 nm and their encapsulation efficiency was up to 21.9%. Besides, LF-NPs could also prolong the release time of lily fragrance. Finally, the cytotoxicity tests indicated that LF-NPs offered biocompatibility. Therefore, LF-NPs were expected to have application prospects.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China (2006BAD07B09)
文摘The objective of our study was to lay a foundation for the effect of flower flagrance on human emotions and to provide a theory for the choice of indoor plants and the improvement of the olfactory environment. Specifically, our purpose was to study human physiological responses to flower fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇ and Rosa ＇Escimo＇. The participants were 31 college students. Blood pressure, pulse rate, finger temperature （FT） and galvanic skin response （GSR） were measured. The results show that the fragrance of Rosa ＇Escimo＇ causes the diastolic pressure and pulse rate of the participants to reduce significantly. The average decrease was 0.37 kPa and 2.23 beats per minute, which indicates that sympathetic nervous activity increases, physiological arousal decreases and emotional alleviation occurs. Furthermore, the GSR of participants significantly increased by smelling the fragrance of Lilium ＇Siberia＇, indicating that both sympathetic nervous activity and physiological arousal increased. But the data could not prove that flower fragrance stimulation has an effect on changes in systolic pressure and finger temperature. Some other factors, such as basic emotion and weather, may have an effect.
基金Acknowledgements We thank F. Salinas and A. Villagra for their help finding Oenothera acaulis populations in coastal Central Chile, and S. Herrera and R. Yuri for their help with the field experiments. We acknowledge J. C. Ortuzar, J. Alcayaga, M. Cannals and D. Dominguez, A. Jimenez and R. Suarez for their statistical advices and constructive comments. Special thanks to R. Kaiser for the generous gift of authentic standard compounds for 3-methyl butyraldoxime and 2-methyl butyraldoxime for GC-MS analysis of floral scent. This research was funded by postdoctoral FONDECYT grant No 3095002 to C. A. Villagra, US National Science Foundation grant DEB-0317217 to R. A. Raguso and Contracts ICM P02-005 and PFB-23 to the Instituto de Ecologfa y Biodiversidad. Finally, we are thanks to Shmutzer family and BioParque Puquen staff, Los Molles, V Region, Comuna de La Ligua, Chile for their hospitality and involvement.
文摘The study of multi-modal communication has only recently been extended to innate and learned interactions between flowers and their animal visitors, and usually only to pollinators. Here we studied the relevance of floral scent and visual display of a night blooming, putatively hawkmoth-pollinated plant Oenothera acaulis （Onagraceae） in the attraction of non-native cockroaches Blatta orientalis （Blattodea： Blattidae）, which function as facultative floral larcenists in coastal habitats of central Chile. We experimentally decoupled visual （corolla） and olfactory （fragrance） stimuli by presenting paper corollas and green mesh bags, with or without a freshly-picked natural flower inside. We then contrasted the behavioral responses of roaches in these treatments with those to the natural combination of traits in actual flowers and their respective control treatments, measuring the roaches＇ frequency of first visits, mean and total residence time spent in each treatment. The roaches primarily used olfactory cues when approaching O. acaulis flowers at two biologically relevant spatial scales. In addition, the presence of conspecific roaches had a strong influence on recruitment to the experimental arena, increasing the statistical differences among treatments. Our results suggest a primacy of floral fragrance over visual stimuli in the foraging responses of B. orientalis. Olfactory cues were necessary and sufficient to attract the roaches, and the visual cues presented in our manipulations only marginally increased their attraction within a 20 cm diameter of the stimulus. The full spectrum of floral visitation behavior was not elicited by the artificial flowers, suggesting the need for additional tactile or contact chemosensory stimuli not provided by paper. Although the nitrogenous scent compounds that we found in O. acaulis flowers are almost exclusively found in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers, the attractiveness of these compounds to a non-native, facultative flower-visiting insect indicates that they do not function as pollinator-specific signals for hawkmoth attraction .
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(No.2016YFA0200303)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.L172046,2192057)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31771095,21875254 and 51573188)。
文摘Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics,apparel and detergents.However,the rapid evaporation of the aro ma shortens the useful life of the aromatic product.Therefore,improving the fragrance retention time of aromatic products and prolonging the service life of aromatic products are the key scientific problems that need to be solved in current aromatic products.In this study,zwitterionic comb-like lipid polymers were synthesized to encapsulate the fragrance molecule linalool.The results showed that the zwitterionic comb lipid molecules were capable of encapsulating more linalool than linear lipid molecules.At the same time,the zwitterionic comb-like lipid molecules also limited the slow release rate of the aroma,thereby increasing the fragrance retention time of the nano-fragrance.
