An integrated fluid-thermal-structural analysis approach is presented. In this approach, the heat conduction in a solid is coupled with the heat convection in the viscous flow of the fluid resulting in the thermal str...An integrated fluid-thermal-structural analysis approach is presented. In this approach, the heat conduction in a solid is coupled with the heat convection in the viscous flow of the fluid resulting in the thermal stress in the solid. The fractional four-step finite element method and the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin （SUPG） method are used to analyze the viscous thermal flow in the fluid. Analyses of the heat transfer and the thermal stress in the solid axe performed by the Galerkin method. The second-order semi- implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme is used for the time integration. The resulting nonlinear equations are lineaxized to improve the computational efficiency. The integrated analysis method uses a three-node triangular element with equal-order interpolation functions for the fluid velocity components, the pressure, the temperature, and the solid displacements to simplify the overall finite element formulation. The main advantage of the present method is to consistently couple the heat transfer along the fluid-solid interface. Results of several tested problems show effectiveness of the present finite element method, which provides insight into the integrated fluid-thermal-structural interaction phenomena.展开更多
To improve quality and repeatability of GaAs growth on Si substrate,a new method named as four-step growth was proposed by successively inserting a low temperature(LT)and a high temperature(HT)GaAs buffer layer betwee...To improve quality and repeatability of GaAs growth on Si substrate,a new method named as four-step growth was proposed by successively inserting a low temperature(LT)and a high temperature(HT)GaAs buffer layer between the GaAs nucleation layer and the normal GaAs epilayer.The grown layers through four-step method showed high quality,i.e.single domain structure,mirror-like surface even under strong white light,reduced surface roughness and less surface defects,as well as high repeatability.Even without any post-growth annealing process,a 1μm thick GaAs epilayer with root mean square(RMS)roughness of only 2.1 nm in 5μm×5μm scanning areas was obtained while the full width at half maximum(FWHM)value of the GaAs(004)peak from double crystal X-ray diffractionω-scan was just 210.6 arcsec.展开更多
[Objectives] To observe the effectiveness of four-step tendon manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis, under the guidance of "tendon first" theory. [Methods] 30 patients with stenotic t...[Objectives] To observe the effectiveness of four-step tendon manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis, under the guidance of "tendon first" theory. [Methods] 30 patients with stenotic tenosynovitis of thumb were treated with four-step tendon manipulation and traditional manipulation respectively, 3 times a week, a total of two weeks. The clinical efficacy, changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) and the recurrence rate after 15 d of follow-up treatment were observed before and after treatment. The differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). [Results] After treatment, the VAS and the recurrence rate after 15 d of treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate was 73.33% in the control group and 93.33% in the observation group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The effect of four-step tendon regulating manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis is ideal. The effect is significantly better than that of traditional Chinese medicine in improving thumb pain and function, which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
Objectice: Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of over 2, 000 years in treating piles,based on the principle 'Sore herbs can be stringent while the puckery can control prolapse', and a large amount...Objectice: Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of over 2, 000 years in treating piles,based on the principle 'Sore herbs can be stringent while the puckery can control prolapse', and a large amount of precious experience has been accumulated. Methods: Prepared mainly with such effective compositions as gallnut (Galla Chinensis) and alum, Xiaozhiling (XZL) was applied in treating piles of stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Fourstep injections were given at (1 ) the branches of artery rectalis superior (ARS), (2) the submucosa, (3) the mucous lamina propria, and (4) the sinous veins. The injection obliterated the ARS and made piles sclerosed, atrophied and finally disappear. Results: From 1987 to 1996, piles of stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ were treated of 21, 361 cases. Of all the cases, 21, 148 (99 % ) were cured, 203 (0. 95% ) improved and 10 (0. 05% ) ineffective for whom surgery was used. Of the 620 cases who were followed up 3 years after treatment, it recurred in only 6 cases (prolapse, 1 % ). Conclusion: This method summarized a relatively ideal non-operative approach in the treatment of piles of stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ.展开更多
在深层油气藏勘探中,地震波能量屏蔽现象(如煤层、膏盐层等)严重制约了深部目标层反射信号的清晰度,单一地震属性难以全面表征复杂地质条件。时频电磁法(Time Frequency Electromagnetic Method,TFEM)基于电磁波在不同地质体传播差异,...在深层油气藏勘探中,地震波能量屏蔽现象(如煤层、膏盐层等)严重制约了深部目标层反射信号的清晰度,单一地震属性难以全面表征复杂地质条件。时频电磁法(Time Frequency Electromagnetic Method,TFEM)基于电磁波在不同地质体传播差异,可有效穿透高阻、高速屏蔽层,在深部岩石属性探测与储层预测中具有独特的穿透能力。近年来该技术在深层油气勘探方面取得突破:研发了新一代发射系统;创新地提出双侧激发多线同步采集技术和四方位全覆盖同步激发采集技术,显著改善了照明均匀性,降低了阴影效应与各向异性影响。在处理技术方面,创新地提出了一种分步递进反演策略,这种方法核心在于构建多源数据协同约束与分步递进反演策略,通过渐进式优化,实现反演精度的层级提升。理论正反演模拟验证了方法的合理性与有效性,并在中国西部塔里木盆地8000 m超深井储层预测及东部深层火成岩储层评价中取得了显著的应用成效。展开更多
George Polya’s How to Solve it demonstrates how his procedures can be used to methodi- cally approach and solve any problem that involves thought and reasoning．In the following ex- ample we apply his four steps to p...George Polya’s How to Solve it demonstrates how his procedures can be used to methodi- cally approach and solve any problem that involves thought and reasoning．In the following ex- ample we apply his four steps to problems that are not mathematical．展开更多
基金the National Metal and Materials Technology Centerthe Thailand Research Fund+1 种基金the Office of Higher Education Commissionthe Chulalongkorn University for supporting the present research
文摘An integrated fluid-thermal-structural analysis approach is presented. In this approach, the heat conduction in a solid is coupled with the heat convection in the viscous flow of the fluid resulting in the thermal stress in the solid. The fractional four-step finite element method and the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin （SUPG） method are used to analyze the viscous thermal flow in the fluid. Analyses of the heat transfer and the thermal stress in the solid axe performed by the Galerkin method. The second-order semi- implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme is used for the time integration. The resulting nonlinear equations are lineaxized to improve the computational efficiency. The integrated analysis method uses a three-node triangular element with equal-order interpolation functions for the fluid velocity components, the pressure, the temperature, and the solid displacements to simplify the overall finite element formulation. The main advantage of the present method is to consistently couple the heat transfer along the fluid-solid interface. Results of several tested problems show effectiveness of the present finite element method, which provides insight into the integrated fluid-thermal-structural interaction phenomena.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB632104)
文摘To improve quality and repeatability of GaAs growth on Si substrate,a new method named as four-step growth was proposed by successively inserting a low temperature(LT)and a high temperature(HT)GaAs buffer layer between the GaAs nucleation layer and the normal GaAs epilayer.The grown layers through four-step method showed high quality,i.e.single domain structure,mirror-like surface even under strong white light,reduced surface roughness and less surface defects,as well as high repeatability.Even without any post-growth annealing process,a 1μm thick GaAs epilayer with root mean square(RMS)roughness of only 2.1 nm in 5μm×5μm scanning areas was obtained while the full width at half maximum(FWHM)value of the GaAs(004)peak from double crystal X-ray diffractionω-scan was just 210.6 arcsec.
文摘[Objectives] To observe the effectiveness of four-step tendon manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis, under the guidance of "tendon first" theory. [Methods] 30 patients with stenotic tenosynovitis of thumb were treated with four-step tendon manipulation and traditional manipulation respectively, 3 times a week, a total of two weeks. The clinical efficacy, changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) and the recurrence rate after 15 d of follow-up treatment were observed before and after treatment. The differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). [Results] After treatment, the VAS and the recurrence rate after 15 d of treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate was 73.33% in the control group and 93.33% in the observation group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The effect of four-step tendon regulating manipulation in the treatment of thumb stenotic tenosynovitis is ideal. The effect is significantly better than that of traditional Chinese medicine in improving thumb pain and function, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
文摘Objectice: Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of over 2, 000 years in treating piles,based on the principle 'Sore herbs can be stringent while the puckery can control prolapse', and a large amount of precious experience has been accumulated. Methods: Prepared mainly with such effective compositions as gallnut (Galla Chinensis) and alum, Xiaozhiling (XZL) was applied in treating piles of stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Fourstep injections were given at (1 ) the branches of artery rectalis superior (ARS), (2) the submucosa, (3) the mucous lamina propria, and (4) the sinous veins. The injection obliterated the ARS and made piles sclerosed, atrophied and finally disappear. Results: From 1987 to 1996, piles of stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ were treated of 21, 361 cases. Of all the cases, 21, 148 (99 % ) were cured, 203 (0. 95% ) improved and 10 (0. 05% ) ineffective for whom surgery was used. Of the 620 cases who were followed up 3 years after treatment, it recurred in only 6 cases (prolapse, 1 % ). Conclusion: This method summarized a relatively ideal non-operative approach in the treatment of piles of stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ.
文摘在深层油气藏勘探中,地震波能量屏蔽现象(如煤层、膏盐层等)严重制约了深部目标层反射信号的清晰度,单一地震属性难以全面表征复杂地质条件。时频电磁法(Time Frequency Electromagnetic Method,TFEM)基于电磁波在不同地质体传播差异,可有效穿透高阻、高速屏蔽层,在深部岩石属性探测与储层预测中具有独特的穿透能力。近年来该技术在深层油气勘探方面取得突破:研发了新一代发射系统;创新地提出双侧激发多线同步采集技术和四方位全覆盖同步激发采集技术,显著改善了照明均匀性,降低了阴影效应与各向异性影响。在处理技术方面,创新地提出了一种分步递进反演策略,这种方法核心在于构建多源数据协同约束与分步递进反演策略,通过渐进式优化,实现反演精度的层级提升。理论正反演模拟验证了方法的合理性与有效性,并在中国西部塔里木盆地8000 m超深井储层预测及东部深层火成岩储层评价中取得了显著的应用成效。
文摘George Polya’s How to Solve it demonstrates how his procedures can be used to methodi- cally approach and solve any problem that involves thought and reasoning．In the following ex- ample we apply his four steps to problems that are not mathematical．
