The scale-invariance behavior has been widely observed in English or other phonetic language texts. In the present study, we examine whether the semantic language, Chinese can also show this behavior. Typically, the s...The scale-invariance behavior has been widely observed in English or other phonetic language texts. In the present study, we examine whether the semantic language, Chinese can also show this behavior. Typically, the scale-invariance behavior is examined in the series of character intervals for the four great Chinese novels by a method of detrended fluctuation analysis. We observe that the scale-invariance behavior characterized by a scaling exponent around 0.60 exists in each novel. Moreover, we divide each novel into three parts with equal number of chapters, and we also observe the existence of scale-invariance in the interval series for each part. Interestingly, we find that there is evident difference in the scaling exponents between the first(or second) part and the third part in the novel of A dream of red mansions, and the difference between parts is not evident for the other three novels. Our observation suggests that there are two writing styles in A dream of red mansions, which are consistent with current prevailing view that the first 80 chapters and the last 40 chapters were accomplished by Xueqin Cao and E Gao, respectively. Our method may shed light on the identification of writing styles in written texts.展开更多
Recent advances in Global Positioning System （GPS） remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor （PWV） from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be ass...Recent advances in Global Positioning System （GPS） remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor （PWV） from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be assimilated into numerical models with four-dimensional variational （4DVAR） data assimilation. A mesoscale model and its 4DVAR system are used to access the impacts of assimilating GPS-PWV and hourly rainfall observations on the short-range prediction of a heavy rainfall event on 20 June 2002. The heavy precipitation was induced by a sequence of meso-β-scale convective systems （MCS） along the mei-yu front in China. The experiments with GPS-PWV assimilation cluster and also eliminated the erroneous rainfall successfully simulated the evolution of the observed MCS systems found in the experiment without 4DVAR assimilation. Experiments with hourly rainfall assimilation performed similarly both on the prediction of MCS initiation and the elimination of erroneous systems, however the MCS dissipated much sooner than it did in observations. It is found that the assimilation-induced moisture perturbation and mesoscale low-level jet are helpful for the MCS generation and development. It is also discovered that spurious gravity waves may post serious limitations for the current 4DVAR algorithm, which would degrade the assimilation efficiency, especially for rainfall data. Sensitivity experiments with different observations, assimilation windows and observation weightings suggest that assimilating GPS-PWV can be quite effective, even with the assimilation window as short as 1 h. On the other hand, assimilating rainfall observations requires extreme cautions on the selection of observation weightings and the control of spurious gravity waves.展开更多
针对白细胞数据样本少、类间差别小及目标尺寸小导致的检测精度低、效果不佳等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5的白细胞检测算法YOLOv5-CHE。在主干特征提取网络的卷积层中添加坐标注意力机制,以提升算法的特征提取能力;使用四尺度特征检测...针对白细胞数据样本少、类间差别小及目标尺寸小导致的检测精度低、效果不佳等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5的白细胞检测算法YOLOv5-CHE。在主干特征提取网络的卷积层中添加坐标注意力机制,以提升算法的特征提取能力;使用四尺度特征检测,重新获取锚点框,增加浅层检测尺度,来提高小目标的识别精度;改变边框回归损失函数,以提升检验框检测的准确率。实验结果表明,对比标准的YOLOv5算法,YOLOv5-CHE算法的平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)、精准率和召回率分别提升了3.8个百分点、1.8个百分点和1.5个百分点,验证了该算法对白细胞检测具有很好的效果。展开更多
基金Supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program of Shanghai University of Science and Technology under Grant No.XJ10252127National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11875042 and 11505114
文摘The scale-invariance behavior has been widely observed in English or other phonetic language texts. In the present study, we examine whether the semantic language, Chinese can also show this behavior. Typically, the scale-invariance behavior is examined in the series of character intervals for the four great Chinese novels by a method of detrended fluctuation analysis. We observe that the scale-invariance behavior characterized by a scaling exponent around 0.60 exists in each novel. Moreover, we divide each novel into three parts with equal number of chapters, and we also observe the existence of scale-invariance in the interval series for each part. Interestingly, we find that there is evident difference in the scaling exponents between the first(or second) part and the third part in the novel of A dream of red mansions, and the difference between parts is not evident for the other three novels. Our observation suggests that there are two writing styles in A dream of red mansions, which are consistent with current prevailing view that the first 80 chapters and the last 40 chapters were accomplished by Xueqin Cao and E Gao, respectively. Our method may shed light on the identification of writing styles in written texts.
文摘Recent advances in Global Positioning System （GPS） remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor （PWV） from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be assimilated into numerical models with four-dimensional variational （4DVAR） data assimilation. A mesoscale model and its 4DVAR system are used to access the impacts of assimilating GPS-PWV and hourly rainfall observations on the short-range prediction of a heavy rainfall event on 20 June 2002. The heavy precipitation was induced by a sequence of meso-β-scale convective systems （MCS） along the mei-yu front in China. The experiments with GPS-PWV assimilation cluster and also eliminated the erroneous rainfall successfully simulated the evolution of the observed MCS systems found in the experiment without 4DVAR assimilation. Experiments with hourly rainfall assimilation performed similarly both on the prediction of MCS initiation and the elimination of erroneous systems, however the MCS dissipated much sooner than it did in observations. It is found that the assimilation-induced moisture perturbation and mesoscale low-level jet are helpful for the MCS generation and development. It is also discovered that spurious gravity waves may post serious limitations for the current 4DVAR algorithm, which would degrade the assimilation efficiency, especially for rainfall data. Sensitivity experiments with different observations, assimilation windows and observation weightings suggest that assimilating GPS-PWV can be quite effective, even with the assimilation window as short as 1 h. On the other hand, assimilating rainfall observations requires extreme cautions on the selection of observation weightings and the control of spurious gravity waves.
文摘针对白细胞数据样本少、类间差别小及目标尺寸小导致的检测精度低、效果不佳等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5的白细胞检测算法YOLOv5-CHE。在主干特征提取网络的卷积层中添加坐标注意力机制,以提升算法的特征提取能力;使用四尺度特征检测,重新获取锚点框,增加浅层检测尺度,来提高小目标的识别精度;改变边框回归损失函数,以提升检验框检测的准确率。实验结果表明,对比标准的YOLOv5算法,YOLOv5-CHE算法的平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)、精准率和召回率分别提升了3.8个百分点、1.8个百分点和1.5个百分点,验证了该算法对白细胞检测具有很好的效果。
