With the increasing demand worldwide for power grid interconnection,a growing number of related projects are under planning or construction.Despite the rapid growth of cross-border interconnection projects,the systema...With the increasing demand worldwide for power grid interconnection,a growing number of related projects are under planning or construction.Despite the rapid growth of cross-border interconnection projects,the systematic research on profit models for these projects is insufficient.This paper first analyzes the profit sources of interconnection projects.Based on the analysis results,profit models are considered under different regulatory systems for three types of crossborder interconnection projects:fully market-oriented,semi-marketization,and fully supervised.Finally,measures for increasing the profitability and sustainable development of power interconnection projects are proposed.展开更多
Driven by the dual carbon goals and the national strategy for the high-quality development of the advanced manufacturing industry,along with the trend of economic transformation,China’s new energy vehicle market has ...Driven by the dual carbon goals and the national strategy for the high-quality development of the advanced manufacturing industry,along with the trend of economic transformation,China’s new energy vehicle market has experienced explosive growth,which has spurred a surge in the construction of domestic charging infrastructure.Charging infrastructure not only supports achieving dual carbon goals and the development of the new energy vehicle industry but also undertakes the new historical mission of infrastructure in China’s new development stage,becoming a crucial infrastructure connecting energy decarbonization and transportation electrification[1].In recent years,central and local governments have placed great emphasis on this field.They have introduced policies from various angles,including comprehensive macro-level measures,government planning,financial subsidies,charging rates,industry management,and scientific and technological innovation,to promote the moderately advanced development of charging facilities.展开更多
In the framework of an overlapping generations model, forward-looking monetary policy roles and backward-looking monetary policy rules were investigated. It is shown that the monetary steady state is more likely to be...In the framework of an overlapping generations model, forward-looking monetary policy roles and backward-looking monetary policy rules were investigated. It is shown that the monetary steady state is more likely to be indeterminate under an active forwardlooking rule than under the corresponding backward-looking rule. It is also shown that backward-looking roles can render the monetary steady state unstable.展开更多
The research performed analysis on causes of asymmetric information of agricultural product supply chain and made conclusion on operation mechanism and characteristics of supply chain based on asymmetric information. ...The research performed analysis on causes of asymmetric information of agricultural product supply chain and made conclusion on operation mechanism and characteristics of supply chain based on asymmetric information. Finally, the research detailed profit sharing of agricultural product supply chain in the context of asymmetric information and proposed suggestions, providing references of pricing and profit sharing of supply chains of agricultural products.展开更多
In recent years, the academic and practical circles have paid so much attention to similar financial models because they generated a miracle in GOME （Gome Electrical Appliances Holding Limited） and SUNING （Suning A...In recent years, the academic and practical circles have paid so much attention to similar financial models because they generated a miracle in GOME （Gome Electrical Appliances Holding Limited） and SUNING （Suning Appliance Co., Ltd.） respectively. But what＇s the influence of such a model on corporate profitability and risk？ Are similar financial models free lunches？ To seek for the answers to the above questions, in this paper, we take Gree （GREE Electric Appliances, Inc. of Zhuhai）, Midea （Guangdong Midea Electric Appliances Co. Ltd. Stores） and GOME for examples to carry out a comprehensive and in depth financial analysis. The conclusions of this paper are： The company with similar financial characteristics has higher profitability and risk level; Only the companies which meet special requirements need or can implement such a model and the identification and control of hidden risk can guarantee its success.展开更多
The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments h...The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.展开更多
Only a few successful new product development （NPD） projects are continuously supported by the firm when they are expected to assure profitability in the market. The profitability of a project is measured as profit ...Only a few successful new product development （NPD） projects are continuously supported by the firm when they are expected to assure profitability in the market. The profitability of a project is measured as profit ratio （PR）, the profit is divided by the cost. The profit figure is changed depending on either internal risks or uncertainties occurring externally. More risks require higher response costs to them and uncontrollable uncertainties affect NPD projects either positively or negatively. In this study, a PR model is developed to predict the profitability of a project at a given time. The model minimizes the response cost computed under two extreme response strategies, such as ＂Avoid＂ and ＂Acceptance＂ for the internal threats. Also, the model reflects the sales volume changes due to external uncertainties. The linear programming （LP） method determines the optimal probability of the response strategy under three scenarios of defining the relationship between risk avoidance and risk acceptance. It can be utilized to make a GO/NOGO decision on the project based on the prediction results at any gate of the NPD process. The solving procedure is provided to apply the developed model for real cases.展开更多
In this paper, we subdivide the sample of manufacturing companies listed in two stock exchanges in China from the year 2000 to 2009 into two categories： the firms which adopted the similar financial models and those ...In this paper, we subdivide the sample of manufacturing companies listed in two stock exchanges in China from the year 2000 to 2009 into two categories： the firms which adopted the similar financial models and those which did not. Then we use t-test and nonparametric test to explore the differences between the two sub-samples in cash management, assets and liabilities structures, assets turnover ratios, profitability, liquidity and growth rates. The results show that the former has shorter Cash Conversion Cycle （CCC）, quicker assets turnover, higher Debt Ratio （DR）, higher growth rate and thus has better profitability. In addition, the regression analysis results further demonstrate that Return on Invested Capital （ROIC） of similar-financial-model firms are positively related to Net Profit Margin （NPM） （p 〈 0.01）, and negatively to CCC （p 〈 0.01）, Interest Expense Ratio （IER） （p 〈 0.01）, the Ratio of Interest-Bearing Debt to Total Liabilities （IBDR） （p 〈 0.01） and the ratio of Net Receivables to Sales Revenue （NRSR） （p 〈 0.01）. Moreover, negative relationship between ROIC and dummy variable GROUP implies that the former has better profitability than the latter.展开更多
Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclu...Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models.It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits.Based on these problems,it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels.Besides,they should establish and improve internal cost control systems.展开更多
This paper describes the results of cost-profit analysis related to interconnectors for Japan-Russia and JapanSouth Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has been e...This paper describes the results of cost-profit analysis related to interconnectors for Japan-Russia and JapanSouth Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has been established in 2016 for conducting research on international electric power networks in Asia from the viewpoint of technology, investment and legal framework. 2^(nd) report of the Group was published in June 2018, examining the profitability of an interconnectors between Japan and neighboring countries. The Group has calculated expected profit from operation of these interconnectors.The Group has categorized interconnector business into four models from the survey of preceding and current business on grids and interconnectors. To clarify profitability, expected internal rate of return(IRR) was calculated for each business model based on estimated investment cost for each route. When interconnector is dedicated to specific power plants or suppliers and electricity can be sold at Japan wholesale market at 2016-2017 price level, positive IRR levels are expected in case that Free on Board(FOB) price lower than 7 JPY/kWh. When the investment will be covered by electricity tariff by final consumers, tariff for consumers will just slightly increase by approximately 0.1 JPY/kWh.展开更多
Energy storage systems(ESSs)operate as independent market participants and collaborate with photovoltaic(PV)generation units to enhance the flexible power supply capabilities of PV units.However,the dynamic variations...Energy storage systems(ESSs)operate as independent market participants and collaborate with photovoltaic(PV)generation units to enhance the flexible power supply capabilities of PV units.However,the dynamic variations in the profitability of ESSs in the electricity market are yet to be fully understood.This study introduces a dual-timescale dynamics model that integrates a spot market clearing(SMC)model into a system dynamics(SD)model to investigate the profit-aware capacity growth of ESSs and compares the profitability of independent energy storage systems(IESSs)with that of an ESS integrated within a PV(PV-ESS).Furthermore,this study aims to ascertain the optimal allocation of the PV-ESS.First,SD and SMC models were set up.Second,the SMC model simulated on an hourly timescale was incorporated into the SD model as a subsystem,a dual-timescale model was constructed.Finally,a development simulation and profitability analysis was conducted from 2022 to 2040 to reveal the dynamic optimal range of PV-ESS allocation.Additionally,negative electricity prices were considered during clearing processes.The simulation results revealed differences in profitability and capacity growth between IESS and PV-ESS,helping grid investors and policymakers to determine the boundaries of ESSs and dynamic optimal allocation of PV-ESSs.展开更多
Models about four aspects according to the balance principle and practice in China were established, which involve the minimum production scale, alert production scale, safe running scale, and the goal production scal...Models about four aspects according to the balance principle and practice in China were established, which involve the minimum production scale, alert production scale, safe running scale, and the goal production scale for specified profit level. It provides an effective quantitative analyzing method for the investors of coal bed gas exploitation project.展开更多
There are a variety of e-commerce development modes. Free mode as one of the most important has been widely applied in e-commerce enterprises, and it has become one of the basic methods for ensuring e-commerce enterpr...There are a variety of e-commerce development modes. Free mode as one of the most important has been widely applied in e-commerce enterprises, and it has become one of the basic methods for ensuring e-commerce enterprises to seek a development. In this paper, the current development of the free mode is firstly analyzed and also the factors influencing users to make a choice are analyzed under the free business model, and then the problems in free e-commerce model are proposed, and finally related strategies and suggestions on how to develop for e-commerce enterprises under the free business model are provided. Keywords：展开更多
The concept of sustainability has evolved to become an engine of innovation in business models in numerous sectors.Businesses are increasingly aware of the need to incorporate sustainable practices to generate value o...The concept of sustainability has evolved to become an engine of innovation in business models in numerous sectors.Businesses are increasingly aware of the need to incorporate sustainable practices to generate value over time while tackling environmental and social issues.This paper examines how companies use sustainability as a source of innovation in developing new market ventures and profit-increasing strategies.Based on case studies and analyses,the paper demonstrates how sustainable innovation struggling in businesses is evidenced in real-time and suggests principles and difficulties put positive changes in place.展开更多
This article studies the economic profitability of the millet production in a context of adaptation to climatic changes by considering the techniques of adaptation to soil protection,namely,low wall girdles tree and h...This article studies the economic profitability of the millet production in a context of adaptation to climatic changes by considering the techniques of adaptation to soil protection,namely,low wall girdles tree and halfmoon in order to determine their impact on the economic profitability of the production of this cereal.展开更多
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China’s Science & Technology Project “Risk Identification and Countermeasures of SGCC in the Transition Period of Power Sector Reform.”
文摘With the increasing demand worldwide for power grid interconnection,a growing number of related projects are under planning or construction.Despite the rapid growth of cross-border interconnection projects,the systematic research on profit models for these projects is insufficient.This paper first analyzes the profit sources of interconnection projects.Based on the analysis results,profit models are considered under different regulatory systems for three types of crossborder interconnection projects:fully market-oriented,semi-marketization,and fully supervised.Finally,measures for increasing the profitability and sustainable development of power interconnection projects are proposed.
文摘Driven by the dual carbon goals and the national strategy for the high-quality development of the advanced manufacturing industry,along with the trend of economic transformation,China’s new energy vehicle market has experienced explosive growth,which has spurred a surge in the construction of domestic charging infrastructure.Charging infrastructure not only supports achieving dual carbon goals and the development of the new energy vehicle industry but also undertakes the new historical mission of infrastructure in China’s new development stage,becoming a crucial infrastructure connecting energy decarbonization and transportation electrification[1].In recent years,central and local governments have placed great emphasis on this field.They have introduced policies from various angles,including comprehensive macro-level measures,government planning,financial subsidies,charging rates,industry management,and scientific and technological innovation,to promote the moderately advanced development of charging facilities.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 70071012）
文摘In the framework of an overlapping generations model, forward-looking monetary policy roles and backward-looking monetary policy rules were investigated. It is shown that the monetary steady state is more likely to be indeterminate under an active forwardlooking rule than under the corresponding backward-looking rule. It is also shown that backward-looking roles can render the monetary steady state unstable.
基金Supported by S&T Development Strategy Program of Tianjin(15ZLZLZF00210)S&T Development Strategy Program of Tianjin(15ZLZLZF00390)~~
文摘The research performed analysis on causes of asymmetric information of agricultural product supply chain and made conclusion on operation mechanism and characteristics of supply chain based on asymmetric information. Finally, the research detailed profit sharing of agricultural product supply chain in the context of asymmetric information and proposed suggestions, providing references of pricing and profit sharing of supply chains of agricultural products.
文摘In recent years, the academic and practical circles have paid so much attention to similar financial models because they generated a miracle in GOME （Gome Electrical Appliances Holding Limited） and SUNING （Suning Appliance Co., Ltd.） respectively. But what＇s the influence of such a model on corporate profitability and risk？ Are similar financial models free lunches？ To seek for the answers to the above questions, in this paper, we take Gree （GREE Electric Appliances, Inc. of Zhuhai）, Midea （Guangdong Midea Electric Appliances Co. Ltd. Stores） and GOME for examples to carry out a comprehensive and in depth financial analysis. The conclusions of this paper are： The company with similar financial characteristics has higher profitability and risk level; Only the companies which meet special requirements need or can implement such a model and the identification and control of hidden risk can guarantee its success.
文摘The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.
文摘Only a few successful new product development （NPD） projects are continuously supported by the firm when they are expected to assure profitability in the market. The profitability of a project is measured as profit ratio （PR）, the profit is divided by the cost. The profit figure is changed depending on either internal risks or uncertainties occurring externally. More risks require higher response costs to them and uncontrollable uncertainties affect NPD projects either positively or negatively. In this study, a PR model is developed to predict the profitability of a project at a given time. The model minimizes the response cost computed under two extreme response strategies, such as ＂Avoid＂ and ＂Acceptance＂ for the internal threats. Also, the model reflects the sales volume changes due to external uncertainties. The linear programming （LP） method determines the optimal probability of the response strategy under three scenarios of defining the relationship between risk avoidance and risk acceptance. It can be utilized to make a GO/NOGO decision on the project based on the prediction results at any gate of the NPD process. The solving procedure is provided to apply the developed model for real cases.
文摘In this paper, we subdivide the sample of manufacturing companies listed in two stock exchanges in China from the year 2000 to 2009 into two categories： the firms which adopted the similar financial models and those which did not. Then we use t-test and nonparametric test to explore the differences between the two sub-samples in cash management, assets and liabilities structures, assets turnover ratios, profitability, liquidity and growth rates. The results show that the former has shorter Cash Conversion Cycle （CCC）, quicker assets turnover, higher Debt Ratio （DR）, higher growth rate and thus has better profitability. In addition, the regression analysis results further demonstrate that Return on Invested Capital （ROIC） of similar-financial-model firms are positively related to Net Profit Margin （NPM） （p 〈 0.01）, and negatively to CCC （p 〈 0.01）, Interest Expense Ratio （IER） （p 〈 0.01）, the Ratio of Interest-Bearing Debt to Total Liabilities （IBDR） （p 〈 0.01） and the ratio of Net Receivables to Sales Revenue （NRSR） （p 〈 0.01）. Moreover, negative relationship between ROIC and dummy variable GROUP implies that the former has better profitability than the latter.
基金2021 General Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(No.LJKR0298)Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning Fund Office(2019)(No.L19BGL034).
文摘Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models.It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits.Based on these problems,it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels.Besides,they should establish and improve internal cost control systems.
文摘This paper describes the results of cost-profit analysis related to interconnectors for Japan-Russia and JapanSouth Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has been established in 2016 for conducting research on international electric power networks in Asia from the viewpoint of technology, investment and legal framework. 2^(nd) report of the Group was published in June 2018, examining the profitability of an interconnectors between Japan and neighboring countries. The Group has calculated expected profit from operation of these interconnectors.The Group has categorized interconnector business into four models from the survey of preceding and current business on grids and interconnectors. To clarify profitability, expected internal rate of return(IRR) was calculated for each business model based on estimated investment cost for each route. When interconnector is dedicated to specific power plants or suppliers and electricity can be sold at Japan wholesale market at 2016-2017 price level, positive IRR levels are expected in case that Free on Board(FOB) price lower than 7 JPY/kWh. When the investment will be covered by electricity tariff by final consumers, tariff for consumers will just slightly increase by approximately 0.1 JPY/kWh.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2066209)。
文摘Energy storage systems(ESSs)operate as independent market participants and collaborate with photovoltaic(PV)generation units to enhance the flexible power supply capabilities of PV units.However,the dynamic variations in the profitability of ESSs in the electricity market are yet to be fully understood.This study introduces a dual-timescale dynamics model that integrates a spot market clearing(SMC)model into a system dynamics(SD)model to investigate the profit-aware capacity growth of ESSs and compares the profitability of independent energy storage systems(IESSs)with that of an ESS integrated within a PV(PV-ESS).Furthermore,this study aims to ascertain the optimal allocation of the PV-ESS.First,SD and SMC models were set up.Second,the SMC model simulated on an hourly timescale was incorporated into the SD model as a subsystem,a dual-timescale model was constructed.Finally,a development simulation and profitability analysis was conducted from 2022 to 2040 to reveal the dynamic optimal range of PV-ESS allocation.Additionally,negative electricity prices were considered during clearing processes.The simulation results revealed differences in profitability and capacity growth between IESS and PV-ESS,helping grid investors and policymakers to determine the boundaries of ESSs and dynamic optimal allocation of PV-ESSs.
文摘Models about four aspects according to the balance principle and practice in China were established, which involve the minimum production scale, alert production scale, safe running scale, and the goal production scale for specified profit level. It provides an effective quantitative analyzing method for the investors of coal bed gas exploitation project.
文摘There are a variety of e-commerce development modes. Free mode as one of the most important has been widely applied in e-commerce enterprises, and it has become one of the basic methods for ensuring e-commerce enterprises to seek a development. In this paper, the current development of the free mode is firstly analyzed and also the factors influencing users to make a choice are analyzed under the free business model, and then the problems in free e-commerce model are proposed, and finally related strategies and suggestions on how to develop for e-commerce enterprises under the free business model are provided. Keywords：
文摘The concept of sustainability has evolved to become an engine of innovation in business models in numerous sectors.Businesses are increasingly aware of the need to incorporate sustainable practices to generate value over time while tackling environmental and social issues.This paper examines how companies use sustainability as a source of innovation in developing new market ventures and profit-increasing strategies.Based on case studies and analyses,the paper demonstrates how sustainable innovation struggling in businesses is evidenced in real-time and suggests principles and difficulties put positive changes in place.
文摘This article studies the economic profitability of the millet production in a context of adaptation to climatic changes by considering the techniques of adaptation to soil protection,namely,low wall girdles tree and halfmoon in order to determine their impact on the economic profitability of the production of this cereal.
