Politeness Principle is a seminal principle in pragmatic studies;research on politeness almost goes hand in hand with the blooming of pragmatics as an important branch in linguistics.Based their respective languages,b...Politeness Principle is a seminal principle in pragmatic studies;research on politeness almost goes hand in hand with the blooming of pragmatics as an important branch in linguistics.Based their respective languages,both Chinese and western scholars,with Gu Yueguo,Leech and Levinson etc.as their representatives,have voiced their ideas in this field.It is the fact that politeness theory is closely linked with homogeneity and heterogeneity of languages that makes "politeness equivalence" an important criterion of "functional equivalence".This paper is designed to carry out a research on politeness equivalence in translation.The whole paper is divided into four parts:the first part is the introduction;in the second part,the author introduces typical politeness theories both home and abroad;the third part,with The Fortress Besieged as a frame of reference,is devoted to a survey of the application of politeness theory in translation;the last part is the summary of this paper.展开更多
Fortress Besieged features rich cultural and artistic features,which pose great challenges to its equivalent translation.This paper presents the translation of the arttistic elements like alluisions,four-character phr...Fortress Besieged features rich cultural and artistic features,which pose great challenges to its equivalent translation.This paper presents the translation of the arttistic elements like alluisions,four-character phrase and rhetorical langage,with the aim of sorting out the possible translation strategies for cultural translation.展开更多
Herod the Great inherited the desert fortresses which had been destroyed by the Romans when he became king of Judaea.He extended and remodelled them creating luxurious palace fortresses.They were provided with abundan...Herod the Great inherited the desert fortresses which had been destroyed by the Romans when he became king of Judaea.He extended and remodelled them creating luxurious palace fortresses.They were provided with abundant water supplies and well stocked with food,but were these citadels palaces or prisons?展开更多
As to Fortress Besieged,it is the English version translated by Kelly.J.and N.K.Mao of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu,which includes various and fancy metaphors.To explore and find more proper and effective transl...As to Fortress Besieged,it is the English version translated by Kelly.J.and N.K.Mao of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu,which includes various and fancy metaphors.To explore and find more proper and effective translation methods of metaphors under foreignization and domestication,~1 this paper combines exemplifications in Fortress Besieged with translationrelated theories,which may help readers comprehend literary works better and promote cross-cultural communication.展开更多
The development of landscapes in one of the most populated river basins of the southern Russian Far East was studied using pollen and diatom data. The study sites were a multi-layered mountain fortress, Steklyanukha-2...The development of landscapes in one of the most populated river basins of the southern Russian Far East was studied using pollen and diatom data. The study sites were a multi-layered mountain fortress, Steklyanukha-2, and an Upper Holocene high floodplain sequence of the Steklyanukha River. Buried soil from the fluvial section acts as an environmental archive of the time in which people from the Yankovskaya archeological cultures settled in the river basin. The soil was formed under conditions of decreasing water supply in the valley and prolonged droughts. Findings of pollen Fagopyrum and Urtica signal economic activity in the Early Iron Age.Floodplain lake sediments accumulated from 1.6 to 0.5 kyr, when the valley was actively developed during the Middle Ages. There are signals of the development of secondary birch and oak forests. In the cultural layer of the fortress and lake sediments formed in the Middle Ages, Ambrosia and Xanthium pollens were found and are reliable evidence of agricultural activity in the valley. The pollens of plants typically seen in human-disturbed areas were also found. Indirect evidence of human activity includes non-pollen palynomorphs.The study of diatoms in a depression near a rampart confirmed the archaeologists' assumption that it was used as a water reserve. Pollen spectra from surface soils reflect agricultural activity in the river basin since the second half of the 19th century. The largest amount of pollen of alien and synanthropic plants and weeds, as well as spores of pathogenic fungi and fire indicators, were found here.展开更多
According to Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics,two processes of“fusion of horizons”can be described as:the“horizons”of the text,the translator,and the target reader are“fused”together.Based upon the“fusion ...According to Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics,two processes of“fusion of horizons”can be described as:the“horizons”of the text,the translator,and the target reader are“fused”together.Based upon the“fusion of horizons”of the hermeneutics proposed by Hans-Georg Gadamer,a leading German Continental philosopher of the twentieth century,this article aims to analyze English version of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu and then cooperatively translated by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K.Mao.It is found that the translator can give new meaning to the text through“interpretation”,and on that basis,each interpretation of the text means a new process of“fusion of horizons”.展开更多
This paper analyzes the grammatical structures of code-switching in Qian Zhongshu 's famous work-Fortress Besieged and two conclusions are reached: In this novel, the matrix language Chinese plays a dominant role ...This paper analyzes the grammatical structures of code-switching in Qian Zhongshu 's famous work-Fortress Besieged and two conclusions are reached: In this novel, the matrix language Chinese plays a dominant role in the mixed constituents, lexically, morphologically and syntactically while in the matrix language islands and the embedded language islands, constituents respectively follow the grammatical rules of the matrix language-Chinese and the embedded language-English or French.展开更多
The wide application of Chinese and foreign allusions is a big feature of QIAN Zhong-shu＇s only novel and masterpiece Fortress Besieged, which was first published in 1947. The paper makes an attempt to categorize and...The wide application of Chinese and foreign allusions is a big feature of QIAN Zhong-shu＇s only novel and masterpiece Fortress Besieged, which was first published in 1947. The paper makes an attempt to categorize and analyze the strategies in translating allusions adopted by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao in the only English version. The strategies include literal translation, literal translation plus endnote, literal translation plus explanation added in the text, interpretation of the implied meaning plus endnote, and interpretation of the implied meaning in the text. In particular, the strategy of literal translation plus endnote is mostly adopted. This is indicative of the translators＇ wish to be as faithful as possible to the source text. What＇s more, the literal translation strategy and use of endnotes is of a big help to communicate the Chinese culture to foreigners展开更多
Recently,register theory,one of the most important theories of systemic functional grammar,has been received scholars’more and more attention and widely applied into translation,which brings a new perspective for tra...Recently,register theory,one of the most important theories of systemic functional grammar,has been received scholars’more and more attention and widely applied into translation,which brings a new perspective for translation research and provides a reasonable and scientific way of evaluating.Fortress Besieged,written by Qian Zhongshu,contains rich content,uses special language,and adopts unique writing technique skills,which can be called the literary classic.The paper combines register theory with translated literary work and explores the equivalence of Fortress Besieged in the process of translating from field,tenor,and mode of discourse to achieve translation equivalence as much as possible,which can improve translation quality and promote the spread of Chinese culture.展开更多
Fortress Besieged written by Qian Zhongshu is a famous Chinese satiric novel,which is widely regarded as one of the mas-terpieces of Twentieth Century Chinese literature.There are various researches on this classic wo...Fortress Besieged written by Qian Zhongshu is a famous Chinese satiric novel,which is widely regarded as one of the mas-terpieces of Twentieth Century Chinese literature.There are various researches on this classic work,while the research from theperspective of linguistics is relatively rare.Therefore,the paper aims to analyze the conversational implicature of the dialogues inFortress Besieged from the perspective of Cooperative Principle and to provide a new perspective of studying novel as well as to en-able the readers to have a better appreciation of it.展开更多
On the framework of eco- translatology, this thesis presents an introduction of the novel Fortress Besieged, the author and the translation work, and then gives an analysis of the translator's adaptation and selec...On the framework of eco- translatology, this thesis presents an introduction of the novel Fortress Besieged, the author and the translation work, and then gives an analysis of the translator's adaptation and selection of the translational eco-environment.展开更多
The Southern Song planned and constructed the Diaoyucheng Fortress at Hezhou ofthe Sichuan Theatre, during the 13th century. This fortress became famous for its 36-yearresistance against the Mongols and the death of M...The Southern Song planned and constructed the Diaoyucheng Fortress at Hezhou ofthe Sichuan Theatre, during the 13th century. This fortress became famous for its 36-yearresistance against the Mongols and the death of Mo¨ngke Khan in 1259. Based on historical documents and data from re-analysis of archaeological report and field survey, this study exploresits initiation, construction and transition, to build a coherent narrative for its transformationfrom a hinterland transport hub during the Song-Jin War (1125-1234) to a frontier strongholdduring the Song-Mongol War (1235-1279), which experiences the establishment of ZhuanbanGranary in the 1130s, the construction of Xinyuguan Fort in the 1160s-1170s, the transformation into a refuge in 1240, and the expansion into the Diaoyucheng Fortress in 1243e1279. Bycombining spatial analysis with military history, this study discusses how the peninsular site,the “dustpan” form, and the fort cluster were formed under the influence of military strategies in different war periods and the topography in Sichuan. With the comparisons with the fortifications across Eurasia around the same period, this study illustrates this fortress epitomizesthe development of knowledge system for fortification design in ancient China, especially theriver defense fortress taking advantage of topography and navy.展开更多
For a spectacular Hunan mountain experience,esser-known Mangshan offers Zhangjiajie minus the crowds-go before its scenic trails get too popuilar.Mangshan National Forest Park,located in Yizhang County near Chenzhou i...For a spectacular Hunan mountain experience,esser-known Mangshan offers Zhangjiajie minus the crowds-go before its scenic trails get too popuilar.Mangshan National Forest Park,located in Yizhang County near Chenzhou in southern Hunan Province,is a magnifcent ecological and geological reserve cover-ing nearly 200 square kilometers.展开更多
The dzong fortresses were the typical buildings for the unification of religious and governmental rulers in old Tibet.The archetype of the dzong fortress can be dated back to the 2nd century BC and evolved into those ...The dzong fortresses were the typical buildings for the unification of religious and governmental rulers in old Tibet.The archetype of the dzong fortress can be dated back to the 2nd century BC and evolved into those fortresses built on the top of the holy mountains.The Sangzhutse Fortress,popularly called‘Little Potala’,was a hill-top building located in the centre of Shigatse city and was the grandest landmark among all local dzong fortresses of Tibet since the 14^(th)century.It acted as the commanding point of the city skyline,and the spiritual anchor for the locals.Unfortunately,it was destroyed during the political turmoil in the 1960s.From 2004 to 2010,under the sponsorship of the Shanghai Municipal Government in cooperation with the local Tibetan authority,the team of the Design Institute of Tongji University completed research work of the dzong fortress,developing the whole design from the initial sketches to building construction plans,and surveying the construction process.The consolidation of the remaining structure and the restoration of the original skyline of the fortress were achieved through the organic combination of local traditional materials and crafts with new building technologies,producing a new living landmark of Shigatse city while maintaining its remains.The interior space,designed as the first museum in Shigatse and Western Tibet,was opened in 2010.展开更多
Significant portions of Zhongshu Qian’s classic twentieth century novel,Fortress Besieged,are closely correlated with Hunan.This article explores the connections between the novel and Qian’s experiences in National ...Significant portions of Zhongshu Qian’s classic twentieth century novel,Fortress Besieged,are closely correlated with Hunan.This article explores the connections between the novel and Qian’s experiences in National Hunan Normal College(NHNC),later to become Hunan Normal University(HNNU).More than one third of Fortress Besieged describes the experiences of its main character,Hongjang Fang,at the fictional SanlüUniversity.This article argues that Qian’s time at NHNC had formative impact on Fortress Besieged,in which four pivotal chapters are fictionalized versions of his actual encounters in Hunan.Drawing on archival documents,this article analyzes the novel to determine the relative levels of historical veracity versus imaginative recreations.The ultimate goal is to demonstrate where depictions are realistic or fantastic,and the ways in which Fortress Besieged and NHNC become mutually constitutive reflections of each other.展开更多
The Rumeli Fortress has a unique place in world history. This study presents information on the castle and Fatih period, explains the aspects of castle thought to be important, and discusses the gradually ruined areas...The Rumeli Fortress has a unique place in world history. This study presents information on the castle and Fatih period, explains the aspects of castle thought to be important, and discusses the gradually ruined areas of the castle.展开更多
Once more into the breach for China’s Republican opus The Chinese Republic period(1912-1949)was undoubtedly a high point for modern Chinese literature.The country was growing amidst unprecedented upheavals;it was a t...Once more into the breach for China’s Republican opus The Chinese Republic period(1912-1949)was undoubtedly a high point for modern Chinese literature.The country was growing amidst unprecedented upheavals;it was a time of dissent,new thinking,and in literary terms there was a widespread attempt to identify China for what it was and carve out a path展开更多
文摘Politeness Principle is a seminal principle in pragmatic studies;research on politeness almost goes hand in hand with the blooming of pragmatics as an important branch in linguistics.Based their respective languages,both Chinese and western scholars,with Gu Yueguo,Leech and Levinson etc.as their representatives,have voiced their ideas in this field.It is the fact that politeness theory is closely linked with homogeneity and heterogeneity of languages that makes "politeness equivalence" an important criterion of "functional equivalence".This paper is designed to carry out a research on politeness equivalence in translation.The whole paper is divided into four parts:the first part is the introduction;in the second part,the author introduces typical politeness theories both home and abroad;the third part,with The Fortress Besieged as a frame of reference,is devoted to a survey of the application of politeness theory in translation;the last part is the summary of this paper.
文摘Fortress Besieged features rich cultural and artistic features,which pose great challenges to its equivalent translation.This paper presents the translation of the arttistic elements like alluisions,four-character phrase and rhetorical langage,with the aim of sorting out the possible translation strategies for cultural translation.
文摘Herod the Great inherited the desert fortresses which had been destroyed by the Romans when he became king of Judaea.He extended and remodelled them creating luxurious palace fortresses.They were provided with abundant water supplies and well stocked with food,but were these citadels palaces or prisons?
文摘As to Fortress Besieged,it is the English version translated by Kelly.J.and N.K.Mao of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu,which includes various and fancy metaphors.To explore and find more proper and effective translation methods of metaphors under foreignization and domestication,~1 this paper combines exemplifications in Fortress Besieged with translationrelated theories,which may help readers comprehend literary works better and promote cross-cultural communication.
基金Under the auspices of the Russian Science Foundation (No. 22-27-00222)。
文摘The development of landscapes in one of the most populated river basins of the southern Russian Far East was studied using pollen and diatom data. The study sites were a multi-layered mountain fortress, Steklyanukha-2, and an Upper Holocene high floodplain sequence of the Steklyanukha River. Buried soil from the fluvial section acts as an environmental archive of the time in which people from the Yankovskaya archeological cultures settled in the river basin. The soil was formed under conditions of decreasing water supply in the valley and prolonged droughts. Findings of pollen Fagopyrum and Urtica signal economic activity in the Early Iron Age.Floodplain lake sediments accumulated from 1.6 to 0.5 kyr, when the valley was actively developed during the Middle Ages. There are signals of the development of secondary birch and oak forests. In the cultural layer of the fortress and lake sediments formed in the Middle Ages, Ambrosia and Xanthium pollens were found and are reliable evidence of agricultural activity in the valley. The pollens of plants typically seen in human-disturbed areas were also found. Indirect evidence of human activity includes non-pollen palynomorphs.The study of diatoms in a depression near a rampart confirmed the archaeologists' assumption that it was used as a water reserve. Pollen spectra from surface soils reflect agricultural activity in the river basin since the second half of the 19th century. The largest amount of pollen of alien and synanthropic plants and weeds, as well as spores of pathogenic fungi and fire indicators, were found here.
文摘According to Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics,two processes of“fusion of horizons”can be described as:the“horizons”of the text,the translator,and the target reader are“fused”together.Based upon the“fusion of horizons”of the hermeneutics proposed by Hans-Georg Gadamer,a leading German Continental philosopher of the twentieth century,this article aims to analyze English version of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu and then cooperatively translated by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K.Mao.It is found that the translator can give new meaning to the text through“interpretation”,and on that basis,each interpretation of the text means a new process of“fusion of horizons”.
文摘This paper analyzes the grammatical structures of code-switching in Qian Zhongshu 's famous work-Fortress Besieged and two conclusions are reached: In this novel, the matrix language Chinese plays a dominant role in the mixed constituents, lexically, morphologically and syntactically while in the matrix language islands and the embedded language islands, constituents respectively follow the grammatical rules of the matrix language-Chinese and the embedded language-English or French.
文摘The wide application of Chinese and foreign allusions is a big feature of QIAN Zhong-shu＇s only novel and masterpiece Fortress Besieged, which was first published in 1947. The paper makes an attempt to categorize and analyze the strategies in translating allusions adopted by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao in the only English version. The strategies include literal translation, literal translation plus endnote, literal translation plus explanation added in the text, interpretation of the implied meaning plus endnote, and interpretation of the implied meaning in the text. In particular, the strategy of literal translation plus endnote is mostly adopted. This is indicative of the translators＇ wish to be as faithful as possible to the source text. What＇s more, the literal translation strategy and use of endnotes is of a big help to communicate the Chinese culture to foreigners
文摘Recently,register theory,one of the most important theories of systemic functional grammar,has been received scholars’more and more attention and widely applied into translation,which brings a new perspective for translation research and provides a reasonable and scientific way of evaluating.Fortress Besieged,written by Qian Zhongshu,contains rich content,uses special language,and adopts unique writing technique skills,which can be called the literary classic.The paper combines register theory with translated literary work and explores the equivalence of Fortress Besieged in the process of translating from field,tenor,and mode of discourse to achieve translation equivalence as much as possible,which can improve translation quality and promote the spread of Chinese culture.
文摘Fortress Besieged written by Qian Zhongshu is a famous Chinese satiric novel,which is widely regarded as one of the mas-terpieces of Twentieth Century Chinese literature.There are various researches on this classic work,while the research from theperspective of linguistics is relatively rare.Therefore,the paper aims to analyze the conversational implicature of the dialogues inFortress Besieged from the perspective of Cooperative Principle and to provide a new perspective of studying novel as well as to en-able the readers to have a better appreciation of it.
文摘On the framework of eco- translatology, this thesis presents an introduction of the novel Fortress Besieged, the author and the translation work, and then gives an analysis of the translator's adaptation and selection of the translational eco-environment.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council,China,under Grant No.202206150002by South China University of Technology,China,under Grant No.D623206016。
文摘The Southern Song planned and constructed the Diaoyucheng Fortress at Hezhou ofthe Sichuan Theatre, during the 13th century. This fortress became famous for its 36-yearresistance against the Mongols and the death of Mo¨ngke Khan in 1259. Based on historical documents and data from re-analysis of archaeological report and field survey, this study exploresits initiation, construction and transition, to build a coherent narrative for its transformationfrom a hinterland transport hub during the Song-Jin War (1125-1234) to a frontier strongholdduring the Song-Mongol War (1235-1279), which experiences the establishment of ZhuanbanGranary in the 1130s, the construction of Xinyuguan Fort in the 1160s-1170s, the transformation into a refuge in 1240, and the expansion into the Diaoyucheng Fortress in 1243e1279. Bycombining spatial analysis with military history, this study discusses how the peninsular site,the “dustpan” form, and the fort cluster were formed under the influence of military strategies in different war periods and the topography in Sichuan. With the comparisons with the fortifications across Eurasia around the same period, this study illustrates this fortress epitomizesthe development of knowledge system for fortification design in ancient China, especially theriver defense fortress taking advantage of topography and navy.
文摘For a spectacular Hunan mountain experience,esser-known Mangshan offers Zhangjiajie minus the crowds-go before its scenic trails get too popuilar.Mangshan National Forest Park,located in Yizhang County near Chenzhou in southern Hunan Province,is a magnifcent ecological and geological reserve cover-ing nearly 200 square kilometers.
文摘The dzong fortresses were the typical buildings for the unification of religious and governmental rulers in old Tibet.The archetype of the dzong fortress can be dated back to the 2nd century BC and evolved into those fortresses built on the top of the holy mountains.The Sangzhutse Fortress,popularly called‘Little Potala’,was a hill-top building located in the centre of Shigatse city and was the grandest landmark among all local dzong fortresses of Tibet since the 14^(th)century.It acted as the commanding point of the city skyline,and the spiritual anchor for the locals.Unfortunately,it was destroyed during the political turmoil in the 1960s.From 2004 to 2010,under the sponsorship of the Shanghai Municipal Government in cooperation with the local Tibetan authority,the team of the Design Institute of Tongji University completed research work of the dzong fortress,developing the whole design from the initial sketches to building construction plans,and surveying the construction process.The consolidation of the remaining structure and the restoration of the original skyline of the fortress were achieved through the organic combination of local traditional materials and crafts with new building technologies,producing a new living landmark of Shigatse city while maintaining its remains.The interior space,designed as the first museum in Shigatse and Western Tibet,was opened in 2010.
文摘Significant portions of Zhongshu Qian’s classic twentieth century novel,Fortress Besieged,are closely correlated with Hunan.This article explores the connections between the novel and Qian’s experiences in National Hunan Normal College(NHNC),later to become Hunan Normal University(HNNU).More than one third of Fortress Besieged describes the experiences of its main character,Hongjang Fang,at the fictional SanlüUniversity.This article argues that Qian’s time at NHNC had formative impact on Fortress Besieged,in which four pivotal chapters are fictionalized versions of his actual encounters in Hunan.Drawing on archival documents,this article analyzes the novel to determine the relative levels of historical veracity versus imaginative recreations.The ultimate goal is to demonstrate where depictions are realistic or fantastic,and the ways in which Fortress Besieged and NHNC become mutually constitutive reflections of each other.
文摘The Rumeli Fortress has a unique place in world history. This study presents information on the castle and Fatih period, explains the aspects of castle thought to be important, and discusses the gradually ruined areas of the castle.
文摘Once more into the breach for China’s Republican opus The Chinese Republic period(1912-1949)was undoubtedly a high point for modern Chinese literature.The country was growing amidst unprecedented upheavals;it was a time of dissent,new thinking,and in literary terms there was a widespread attempt to identify China for what it was and carve out a path
