Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated....Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated. Optimum extracting parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments as follows: pH value of solvent at first extraction is 5.5-6.0, that at the second extraction is 7-8; microwave power is 700 W; mass ratio of Fructus Forsythiae to water is 1-12; irradiation time is 10 min, and extracting times is two. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of lignans reaches 0.364%. Compared with the conventional extraction methods, the MASBE process has the advantages of high extraction rate, high extraction selectivity.展开更多
Forsythiae Fructus,a well-known traditional Chinese medicine preparation derived from the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl,has been historically utilized for its heat-clearing and detoxification properti...Forsythiae Fructus,a well-known traditional Chinese medicine preparation derived from the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl,has been historically utilized for its heat-clearing and detoxification properties.Forsythiae Fructus has been reported to exhibit antiviral activity such as against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.This review highlights the recent updates on the effects and underlying action mechanisms of compounds in and active fractions from Forsythiae Fructus and Chinese formulae containing Forsythiae Fructus.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Forsythiae Fructus(Lianqiao)is a typical heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herb,which has been traditionally used for treating cancer according to TCM theory.However,the underly...OBJECTIVE Forsythiae Fructus(Lianqiao)is a typical heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herb,which has been traditionally used for treating cancer according to TCM theory.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully explained.METHODS In this study,we investigated the antitumor effect of Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extract(FAE)on B16-F10 melanoma.RESULTS FAE strongly inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis formation in B16-F10 melanoma transplanted mice.The survival time of tumor-bearing mice was also significantly prolonged by FAE.The levels of ROS,MDA,TNF-αand IL-6 decreased,while GSH increased in the FAE treatment group,indicating FAE possesses strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.Western blotting analysis demonstrated that antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1,tumor suppressors P53 and p-PTEN,and the MAPK pathways in tumor tissues were upregulated by FAE treatment.Serum metabolomics analysis further uncovered that 17 metabolites mostly involving in glycerophospholipid metabolism were correlated with the antitumor effect of FAE.Notably,several lysophosphatidylcholines(LysoPCs)significantly decreased in tumor model group,while FAE treatment restored the changes of these phospholipids to about normal condition.LysoPC acyltransferase 1(LPCAT1)and autotaxin(ATX)highly expressed in melanoma and markedly downregulated by FAE were believed to be responsible for this modulation.CONCLUSION FAE exhibites strong antitumor activity against B16-F10 melanoma through activating MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation and modulating glycerophospholipid metabolism via downregulating LPCAT1 and ATX.Besides,it is suggested that serum LysoPCs could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma.展开更多
Objective:To explore the mechanism of Lianqiao-Heye(Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis,FF-FN)drug pair in treating acute pharyngitis(AP)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical components and potential thera...Objective:To explore the mechanism of Lianqiao-Heye(Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis,FF-FN)drug pair in treating acute pharyngitis(AP)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical components and potential therapeutic targets of FF-FN drug pair were obtained from TCMSP firstly,and databases GeneCards,DrugBank,OMIM and PharmGKB were utilized to get the genes related to AP and the intersection of the results was obtained.Then Cytoscape software was used to construct drug-component-target network diagram to screen out the key compounds.Protein interaction network(PPI)was established using String database,and the core targets were screened by CytoNCA topology analysis.R language software was used for GO biological function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Finally,the docking verification of key compounds and core target molecules was carried out by AutoDock software.Results:A total of 38 active compounds and 917 potential therapeutic targets were obtained from FF-FN drug pair,while a total of 1534 targets were screened out for AP,among which,the number of intersection targets was 117.7 core targets were screened out from PPI core network,with JUN,TP53,CXCL8 and RELA included.A total of 2487 biological processes were involved in GO enrichment analysis,and 157 related pathways were screened out by KEGG.Based on results of molecular docking verification,the key compounds such as quercetin,luteolin and wogonin in FF-FN drug pair were proved capable of binding to the core targets and a good affinity was shown.Conclusion:FF-FN pair can intervene AP through multiple targets and multiple pathways,including PI3KAkts signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.The combination of quercetin,luteolin,wogonin,kaempferol andβ-sitosterol with JUN,RELA,MAPK1,TNF and MYC can possibly be one of the mechanisms regarding to the therapeutic effect.展开更多
Long-term niche differentiation will lead to the evolution of diverse adaptive strategies for species in diverse environments. The present study selected two Forsythia species, Forsythia mandshurica(Fm)-which naturall...Long-term niche differentiation will lead to the evolution of diverse adaptive strategies for species in diverse environments. The present study selected two Forsythia species, Forsythia mandshurica(Fm)-which naturally occurs in a cold temperate zone and Forsythia suspensa(Fs)-which thrives in a warm temperate zone-to reveal their differential chilling defense mechanisms by integrating morpho-physiological,transcriptomic, and metabolomic data. Transcriptome results show that Fm has evolved in a series of adaptive mechanisms designed to help the plants to cope with chilling stress by enhancing sugar, amino acid, hormone, polyamine, and phenol content to improve cell osmotic potential and to mitigate petal browning. Metabolomic data suggested the increased chilling resistance of Fm relies on in the plant being rich in a-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, as well as two amino acids, Phe and Trp, and has low levels of cinnamic acid and gramine in flowers compared to Fs. A higher abundance of glutathione disulfide and NADPH regulated by glutathione peroxidases and NADPH improved the ability of the cellular antioxidant and reduction-oxidation system stability in Fm;Additionally, the elevated levels of pyruvate, a-ketoglutaric acid, and oxaloacetic acid in Fm contributed to a significantly enhanced ATP production in mitochondria. Through Ka/Ks and gene expression analysis,four transcription factors, EVM0025036(bHLH), EVM0010639 and EVM0007275(AP2), and EVM0025908(bZIP) were identified that may contribute to the high cold tolerance of Fm. These adaptations highlight the intricate interplay between genetic and physiological processes that shape the survival strategies of plants in response to their specific ecological niches.展开更多
Objective Forsythia suspensa has long been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of IgA nephropathy(IgAN),the most prevalent form of primary glomerular disease.However,the precise mechanisms r...Objective Forsythia suspensa has long been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of IgA nephropathy(IgAN),the most prevalent form of primary glomerular disease.However,the precise mechanisms remain inadequately understood.This study seeks to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Forsythia suspensa extract(FSE)in the treatment of IgAN by employing an integrated approach that combines network pharmacology with in vivo experimental validation.Methods The chemical components of FSE were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS/MS).Additional chemical components and targets were determined through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database.Potential therapeutic targets for IgAN were sourced from GeneCards and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.Subsequently,the enrichment analyses were conducted to evaluate the biological functions and pathways associated with the core targets.Finally,a mousemodel of IgAN was developed to validate the findings of the network pharmacology analysis.Results Through network analysis and HPLC–MS/MS,31 chemical components of FSE were identified.A total of 99 common targets were discovered between FSE and IgAN.The enrichment analyses suggested that FSE may mitigate IgAN primarily by inhibiting the TLR and NF-κB signaling pathways.In vivo experiments demonstrated that FSE reduced inflammation and preserved renal function in mice with IgAN through the Tolllike receptor 9(TLR9)/NF-κB pathway.Conclusion The integration of network pharmacology and animal experiments suggests that FSE alleviates renal inflammation and damage in IgAN through the TLR9/NF-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Forsythia suspensa leaves in diabetic mice. [Method] The model of hyperglycemia mice were obtained by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally t...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Forsythia suspensa leaves in diabetic mice. [Method] The model of hyperglycemia mice were obtained by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally to study the effect of F. suspensa leaves on lowering blood sugar of hyperglycemia mice and normal ani- mals. [Result] F. suspensa leaves could antagonize the streptozotocin-reducing mice hyperglycemia and significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose level of diabetic mice. [Coaclusion] F. suspensa leaves exhibits a good therapeutic effect on diabetic mice and has a good development prospect.展开更多
Forsythiae Fructus,the fruit of Forsythia suspense is a traditional Chinese hebal medicine that has the antiviral and antioxidant effects in China.Modern analytical chemistry studies showed that the extracts of Forsyt...Forsythiae Fructus,the fruit of Forsythia suspense is a traditional Chinese hebal medicine that has the antiviral and antioxidant effects in China.Modern analytical chemistry studies showed that the extracts of Forsythiae Fructus contain many bioactive components,such as flavonoids,lignans,phenolic acids,and terpenoids,which can be used to anti-inflammatory and treat toxicity,tonsillitis,ulcers,pharyngitis and acute nephritis.In order to study the types and quantities of metabolites in Forsythiae Fructus,we isolated,identified and analysed metabolites between two varieties of Forsythiae Fructus using UPLC/ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS.The results showed that a total of 407 metabolites were identified in Forsythiae Fructus using UPLC/ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS,including 21 terpenoids,68 phenolic acids,63 flavonoids,43 amino acids and derivatives,22 alkaloids,55 lipids,24 lignans and coumarins,31 nucleotides and derivatives,29 organic acids,and 51 other metabolites.Among,lignans and coumarins,terpenoids,organic acids,lipids,and phenolic acids were rich in Forsythiae Fructus,which accounted for more than 60%of the total metabolite content.Differential metabolite analysis revealed that 80 metabolites differed significantly between the two types of Forsythiae Fructus.Our results greatly enrich the Forsythiae Fructus phytochemical composition database and provide valuable information for further study of the metabolites of Forsythiae Fructus.展开更多
基金Project(06SK3042) supported by the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated. Optimum extracting parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments as follows: pH value of solvent at first extraction is 5.5-6.0, that at the second extraction is 7-8; microwave power is 700 W; mass ratio of Fructus Forsythiae to water is 1-12; irradiation time is 10 min, and extracting times is two. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of lignans reaches 0.364%. Compared with the conventional extraction methods, the MASBE process has the advantages of high extraction rate, high extraction selectivity.
基金This work was supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011106)General Project of Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Joint Fund(2022A1515220066)Project of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(2023A04J1825).
文摘Forsythiae Fructus,a well-known traditional Chinese medicine preparation derived from the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl,has been historically utilized for its heat-clearing and detoxification properties.Forsythiae Fructus has been reported to exhibit antiviral activity such as against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.This review highlights the recent updates on the effects and underlying action mechanisms of compounds in and active fractions from Forsythiae Fructus and Chinese formulae containing Forsythiae Fructus.
文摘OBJECTIVE Forsythiae Fructus(Lianqiao)is a typical heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herb,which has been traditionally used for treating cancer according to TCM theory.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully explained.METHODS In this study,we investigated the antitumor effect of Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extract(FAE)on B16-F10 melanoma.RESULTS FAE strongly inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis formation in B16-F10 melanoma transplanted mice.The survival time of tumor-bearing mice was also significantly prolonged by FAE.The levels of ROS,MDA,TNF-αand IL-6 decreased,while GSH increased in the FAE treatment group,indicating FAE possesses strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.Western blotting analysis demonstrated that antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1,tumor suppressors P53 and p-PTEN,and the MAPK pathways in tumor tissues were upregulated by FAE treatment.Serum metabolomics analysis further uncovered that 17 metabolites mostly involving in glycerophospholipid metabolism were correlated with the antitumor effect of FAE.Notably,several lysophosphatidylcholines(LysoPCs)significantly decreased in tumor model group,while FAE treatment restored the changes of these phospholipids to about normal condition.LysoPC acyltransferase 1(LPCAT1)and autotaxin(ATX)highly expressed in melanoma and markedly downregulated by FAE were believed to be responsible for this modulation.CONCLUSION FAE exhibites strong antitumor activity against B16-F10 melanoma through activating MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation and modulating glycerophospholipid metabolism via downregulating LPCAT1 and ATX.Besides,it is suggested that serum LysoPCs could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma.
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanism of Lianqiao-Heye(Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis,FF-FN)drug pair in treating acute pharyngitis(AP)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical components and potential therapeutic targets of FF-FN drug pair were obtained from TCMSP firstly,and databases GeneCards,DrugBank,OMIM and PharmGKB were utilized to get the genes related to AP and the intersection of the results was obtained.Then Cytoscape software was used to construct drug-component-target network diagram to screen out the key compounds.Protein interaction network(PPI)was established using String database,and the core targets were screened by CytoNCA topology analysis.R language software was used for GO biological function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Finally,the docking verification of key compounds and core target molecules was carried out by AutoDock software.Results:A total of 38 active compounds and 917 potential therapeutic targets were obtained from FF-FN drug pair,while a total of 1534 targets were screened out for AP,among which,the number of intersection targets was 117.7 core targets were screened out from PPI core network,with JUN,TP53,CXCL8 and RELA included.A total of 2487 biological processes were involved in GO enrichment analysis,and 157 related pathways were screened out by KEGG.Based on results of molecular docking verification,the key compounds such as quercetin,luteolin and wogonin in FF-FN drug pair were proved capable of binding to the core targets and a good affinity was shown.Conclusion:FF-FN pair can intervene AP through multiple targets and multiple pathways,including PI3KAkts signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.The combination of quercetin,luteolin,wogonin,kaempferol andβ-sitosterol with JUN,RELA,MAPK1,TNF and MYC can possibly be one of the mechanisms regarding to the therapeutic effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant NO.32360307).
文摘Long-term niche differentiation will lead to the evolution of diverse adaptive strategies for species in diverse environments. The present study selected two Forsythia species, Forsythia mandshurica(Fm)-which naturally occurs in a cold temperate zone and Forsythia suspensa(Fs)-which thrives in a warm temperate zone-to reveal their differential chilling defense mechanisms by integrating morpho-physiological,transcriptomic, and metabolomic data. Transcriptome results show that Fm has evolved in a series of adaptive mechanisms designed to help the plants to cope with chilling stress by enhancing sugar, amino acid, hormone, polyamine, and phenol content to improve cell osmotic potential and to mitigate petal browning. Metabolomic data suggested the increased chilling resistance of Fm relies on in the plant being rich in a-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, as well as two amino acids, Phe and Trp, and has low levels of cinnamic acid and gramine in flowers compared to Fs. A higher abundance of glutathione disulfide and NADPH regulated by glutathione peroxidases and NADPH improved the ability of the cellular antioxidant and reduction-oxidation system stability in Fm;Additionally, the elevated levels of pyruvate, a-ketoglutaric acid, and oxaloacetic acid in Fm contributed to a significantly enhanced ATP production in mitochondria. Through Ka/Ks and gene expression analysis,four transcription factors, EVM0025036(bHLH), EVM0010639 and EVM0007275(AP2), and EVM0025908(bZIP) were identified that may contribute to the high cold tolerance of Fm. These adaptations highlight the intricate interplay between genetic and physiological processes that shape the survival strategies of plants in response to their specific ecological niches.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(82560923)Natural Science Foundation of InnerMongolia(2019MS08008)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Joint Program(2023LHMS08075)General Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University(YKD2025MS026).
文摘Objective Forsythia suspensa has long been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of IgA nephropathy(IgAN),the most prevalent form of primary glomerular disease.However,the precise mechanisms remain inadequately understood.This study seeks to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Forsythia suspensa extract(FSE)in the treatment of IgAN by employing an integrated approach that combines network pharmacology with in vivo experimental validation.Methods The chemical components of FSE were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS/MS).Additional chemical components and targets were determined through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database.Potential therapeutic targets for IgAN were sourced from GeneCards and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.Subsequently,the enrichment analyses were conducted to evaluate the biological functions and pathways associated with the core targets.Finally,a mousemodel of IgAN was developed to validate the findings of the network pharmacology analysis.Results Through network analysis and HPLC–MS/MS,31 chemical components of FSE were identified.A total of 99 common targets were discovered between FSE and IgAN.The enrichment analyses suggested that FSE may mitigate IgAN primarily by inhibiting the TLR and NF-κB signaling pathways.In vivo experiments demonstrated that FSE reduced inflammation and preserved renal function in mice with IgAN through the Tolllike receptor 9(TLR9)/NF-κB pathway.Conclusion The integration of network pharmacology and animal experiments suggests that FSE alleviates renal inflammation and damage in IgAN through the TLR9/NF-κB signaling pathway.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20175012)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Forsythia suspensa leaves in diabetic mice. [Method] The model of hyperglycemia mice were obtained by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally to study the effect of F. suspensa leaves on lowering blood sugar of hyperglycemia mice and normal ani- mals. [Result] F. suspensa leaves could antagonize the streptozotocin-reducing mice hyperglycemia and significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose level of diabetic mice. [Coaclusion] F. suspensa leaves exhibits a good therapeutic effect on diabetic mice and has a good development prospect.
基金Evaluation and Application of Germplasm Resources in Technical System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry in Hebei Province(HBCT201806201)Hebei Modern Seed Industry Science and Technology Special Project(19226345D)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-21).
文摘Forsythiae Fructus,the fruit of Forsythia suspense is a traditional Chinese hebal medicine that has the antiviral and antioxidant effects in China.Modern analytical chemistry studies showed that the extracts of Forsythiae Fructus contain many bioactive components,such as flavonoids,lignans,phenolic acids,and terpenoids,which can be used to anti-inflammatory and treat toxicity,tonsillitis,ulcers,pharyngitis and acute nephritis.In order to study the types and quantities of metabolites in Forsythiae Fructus,we isolated,identified and analysed metabolites between two varieties of Forsythiae Fructus using UPLC/ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS.The results showed that a total of 407 metabolites were identified in Forsythiae Fructus using UPLC/ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS,including 21 terpenoids,68 phenolic acids,63 flavonoids,43 amino acids and derivatives,22 alkaloids,55 lipids,24 lignans and coumarins,31 nucleotides and derivatives,29 organic acids,and 51 other metabolites.Among,lignans and coumarins,terpenoids,organic acids,lipids,and phenolic acids were rich in Forsythiae Fructus,which accounted for more than 60%of the total metabolite content.Differential metabolite analysis revealed that 80 metabolites differed significantly between the two types of Forsythiae Fructus.Our results greatly enrich the Forsythiae Fructus phytochemical composition database and provide valuable information for further study of the metabolites of Forsythiae Fructus.
