Background: Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field) ELF-MF (in the elevation of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and reduction of withdrawal syndrome of morphine have been reported so far. Since pain ...Background: Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field) ELF-MF (in the elevation of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and reduction of withdrawal syndrome of morphine have been reported so far. Since pain is one of the main concerns in medicine and usually analgesic drugs are not much beneficial or cause considerable side effects, the present project was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effects of (ELF-MF (in chronic pain using formalin test in mice. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty two adult male mice were used and divided into 4 groups (n = 8). Three groups of animals exposed daily for thirty minutes to 25, 50, 75 HZ (intense 250 μT) of electromagnet field for one week, respectively and one group considered as control with no exposure. At the end of a week, formalin test was performed. Responses to formalin were observed for sixty minutes. The results were compared between tests and control group. Findings: In acute phase of formalin test, ELF-MF reduced significantly the pain scores following formalin injection at all 3 frequencies, especially at 25 and 50 HZ (p < 0.001) rather 75 HZ (p < 0.05). In chronic phase of formalin test, ELF-MF reduced pain scores at 25 and 50 HZ (p < 0.05). However, the most effective responses were obtained at 50 HZ frequency. Conclusion: The findings show that ELF-MF is effective to reduce formalin induced chronic pain in mice at both acute and chronic phases.展开更多
The Asian green mussel,Perna viridis,is widely consumed as seafood throughout the coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific area owing to its significant pharmaceutical and biomedical benefits.A pharmacologically active(1→...The Asian green mussel,Perna viridis,is widely consumed as seafood throughout the coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific area owing to its significant pharmaceutical and biomedical benefits.A pharmacologically active(1→3)/(1→4)linked sulfated glycosaminoglycan(PVP-2)withβ-(1→3)-GlcNSp,andα-(1→4)-GlcAp units was isolated from P.viridis.PVP-2(at 1-10μg/mL)demonstrated a suppression of nitric oxide(NO)secretion in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells.Notably,PVP-2 at 5μg/mL effectively restored NO levels(0.32μg/mL)to homeostasis by downregulating excessive production(1.22μg/mL).Furthermore,PVP-2(at 22 mg/kg body weight)showed effective reduction of carrageenan-induced paw edema(82%inhibition at 5 h)in time dependent manner.This reduction was found to be comparable with standard treatment(87%inhibition of paw edema at 5 h).Treatment with PVP-2(at 110 mg/kg body weight)resulted substantial inhibition of formalin-induced paw edema up to 10 days.At the end of the 10^(th)day,the reduction in paw thickness was signifi-cantly greater(a four-fold increase)in the PVP-2 treated group compared to the formalin-induced group.Furthermore,PVP-2 displayed potent anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating cyclooxygenases(COX-1,2)and 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)(IC_(50)<2 mg/mL)enzymes with a higher selectivity index(IC_(50)COX-1/IC_(50 COX-2)~1.7)towards inducible pro-inflammatory COX-2.Therefore,inhibition of the NO production along with the reduction of paw edema,highlights the therapeutic potential of sulfated glycosaminoglycan from seafood Asian green mussel,as a naturally derived functional food to mitigate inflammation related disorders.展开更多
文摘Background: Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field) ELF-MF (in the elevation of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and reduction of withdrawal syndrome of morphine have been reported so far. Since pain is one of the main concerns in medicine and usually analgesic drugs are not much beneficial or cause considerable side effects, the present project was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effects of (ELF-MF (in chronic pain using formalin test in mice. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty two adult male mice were used and divided into 4 groups (n = 8). Three groups of animals exposed daily for thirty minutes to 25, 50, 75 HZ (intense 250 μT) of electromagnet field for one week, respectively and one group considered as control with no exposure. At the end of a week, formalin test was performed. Responses to formalin were observed for sixty minutes. The results were compared between tests and control group. Findings: In acute phase of formalin test, ELF-MF reduced significantly the pain scores following formalin injection at all 3 frequencies, especially at 25 and 50 HZ (p < 0.001) rather 75 HZ (p < 0.05). In chronic phase of formalin test, ELF-MF reduced pain scores at 25 and 50 HZ (p < 0.05). However, the most effective responses were obtained at 50 HZ frequency. Conclusion: The findings show that ELF-MF is effective to reduce formalin induced chronic pain in mice at both acute and chronic phases.
基金the funding by the National Agricultural Science Fund(NASF)of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR),New Delhi,India(Grant No.NASF-ICAR/CMFRI/9-1965/2022-23).
文摘The Asian green mussel,Perna viridis,is widely consumed as seafood throughout the coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific area owing to its significant pharmaceutical and biomedical benefits.A pharmacologically active(1→3)/(1→4)linked sulfated glycosaminoglycan(PVP-2)withβ-(1→3)-GlcNSp,andα-(1→4)-GlcAp units was isolated from P.viridis.PVP-2(at 1-10μg/mL)demonstrated a suppression of nitric oxide(NO)secretion in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells.Notably,PVP-2 at 5μg/mL effectively restored NO levels(0.32μg/mL)to homeostasis by downregulating excessive production(1.22μg/mL).Furthermore,PVP-2(at 22 mg/kg body weight)showed effective reduction of carrageenan-induced paw edema(82%inhibition at 5 h)in time dependent manner.This reduction was found to be comparable with standard treatment(87%inhibition of paw edema at 5 h).Treatment with PVP-2(at 110 mg/kg body weight)resulted substantial inhibition of formalin-induced paw edema up to 10 days.At the end of the 10^(th)day,the reduction in paw thickness was signifi-cantly greater(a four-fold increase)in the PVP-2 treated group compared to the formalin-induced group.Furthermore,PVP-2 displayed potent anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating cyclooxygenases(COX-1,2)and 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)(IC_(50)<2 mg/mL)enzymes with a higher selectivity index(IC_(50)COX-1/IC_(50 COX-2)~1.7)towards inducible pro-inflammatory COX-2.Therefore,inhibition of the NO production along with the reduction of paw edema,highlights the therapeutic potential of sulfated glycosaminoglycan from seafood Asian green mussel,as a naturally derived functional food to mitigate inflammation related disorders.
