Moulding Sand for metal casting is usually sourced from either natural deposit or synthetic mix of refractory sand grain binder and moisture. Each of the mix constituent is important in determining the characteristics...Moulding Sand for metal casting is usually sourced from either natural deposit or synthetic mix of refractory sand grain binder and moisture. Each of the mix constituent is important in determining the characteristics of sand. The binding agent is responsible for bendability thereby determining the size of voids within the sand grain, while moisture level determines the plasticity of the foundry sand. Tests using American Foundry Society (AFS) Standard were followed in carrying out the experiment on Fori sand deposit to determine its suitability for foundry use. The sand was collected from the river bank of Fori, in Fori Community, Maiduguri, Borno State. The experimental test equipment includes: laboratory sand mixer, sand rammer, universal strength testing machine, permeability-meter, oven, mouldability machine, and as well as quick moisture teller. The chemical composition of the materials was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) model PG990AFG. The silica content in the material sample is about 78.65%, and with the traces of other elements, such as CaO (1.07%), Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0.76%), Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (15.81%), MgO (1.01%), TiO<sub>2 </sub>(2.21%), K<sub>2</sub>O (3.87%), and Na<sub>2</sub>O (1.16%), respectively. These percentages are within acceptable limits. The results of the physical properties revealed that the sand sample has clay content of 15.32% which is above the standard range of 10% - 12% recommended for natural moulding sands required for producing good quality castings. Other foundry properties of Forinatural moulding sand conducted include “moisture content” in the following ranges of percentages, 7.6%, 6.5%, 5.8%, 4.2% and 2.9% with the corresponding value of green compressive strength of (43.95, 53.47, 69.56, 68.21 and 61.16 KN/m<sup>2</sup>), dry compressive strength (93.50, 96.52, 105.50, 146.50 and 152.49 KN/m<sup>2</sup>), and permeability No. of 340, 390, 410, 430 and 440 respectively. It is clear from the test that, the lower the moisture content, the higher the dry compressive strength of the materials. The refractoriness value of the materials is 1400 ℃. The results of the physical and other foundry properties carried out show that Forisilica sand is suitable for casting non-ferrous alloys like bronze, brass and aluminium, and cast iron.展开更多
国际商事仲裁中,传统观点认为应适用法院地法或者仲裁协议准据法认定争议事项的可仲裁性。新加坡法院和印度法院审理的Mittal v. Westbridge案反映出法院地法的适用困境,而新加坡上诉法院在该案中提出的“综合分析法”不当地混淆了仲裁...国际商事仲裁中,传统观点认为应适用法院地法或者仲裁协议准据法认定争议事项的可仲裁性。新加坡法院和印度法院审理的Mittal v. Westbridge案反映出法院地法的适用困境,而新加坡上诉法院在该案中提出的“综合分析法”不当地混淆了仲裁协议准据法与可仲裁性准据法。管辖权冲突说将可仲裁性的法律适用冲突视为管辖权冲突,突破了传统观点的局限性,合理限缩了法院地法的适用范围。在考量是否应当适用外国可仲裁性规则时,可从外国专属管辖权规则、裁决执行地法等方面考察争议与外国的联系程度,并兼顾支持仲裁的公共政策。我国《仲裁法》修法应区分仲裁协议有效性问题与可仲裁性问题,司法实践中应合理确定我国法的适用范围,灵活适用最密切联系原则,进一步提高我国商事纠纷仲裁国际化程度。展开更多
文摘Moulding Sand for metal casting is usually sourced from either natural deposit or synthetic mix of refractory sand grain binder and moisture. Each of the mix constituent is important in determining the characteristics of sand. The binding agent is responsible for bendability thereby determining the size of voids within the sand grain, while moisture level determines the plasticity of the foundry sand. Tests using American Foundry Society (AFS) Standard were followed in carrying out the experiment on Fori sand deposit to determine its suitability for foundry use. The sand was collected from the river bank of Fori, in Fori Community, Maiduguri, Borno State. The experimental test equipment includes: laboratory sand mixer, sand rammer, universal strength testing machine, permeability-meter, oven, mouldability machine, and as well as quick moisture teller. The chemical composition of the materials was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) model PG990AFG. The silica content in the material sample is about 78.65%, and with the traces of other elements, such as CaO (1.07%), Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0.76%), Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (15.81%), MgO (1.01%), TiO<sub>2 </sub>(2.21%), K<sub>2</sub>O (3.87%), and Na<sub>2</sub>O (1.16%), respectively. These percentages are within acceptable limits. The results of the physical properties revealed that the sand sample has clay content of 15.32% which is above the standard range of 10% - 12% recommended for natural moulding sands required for producing good quality castings. Other foundry properties of Forinatural moulding sand conducted include “moisture content” in the following ranges of percentages, 7.6%, 6.5%, 5.8%, 4.2% and 2.9% with the corresponding value of green compressive strength of (43.95, 53.47, 69.56, 68.21 and 61.16 KN/m<sup>2</sup>), dry compressive strength (93.50, 96.52, 105.50, 146.50 and 152.49 KN/m<sup>2</sup>), and permeability No. of 340, 390, 410, 430 and 440 respectively. It is clear from the test that, the lower the moisture content, the higher the dry compressive strength of the materials. The refractoriness value of the materials is 1400 ℃. The results of the physical and other foundry properties carried out show that Forisilica sand is suitable for casting non-ferrous alloys like bronze, brass and aluminium, and cast iron.
文摘国际商事仲裁中,传统观点认为应适用法院地法或者仲裁协议准据法认定争议事项的可仲裁性。新加坡法院和印度法院审理的Mittal v. Westbridge案反映出法院地法的适用困境,而新加坡上诉法院在该案中提出的“综合分析法”不当地混淆了仲裁协议准据法与可仲裁性准据法。管辖权冲突说将可仲裁性的法律适用冲突视为管辖权冲突,突破了传统观点的局限性,合理限缩了法院地法的适用范围。在考量是否应当适用外国可仲裁性规则时,可从外国专属管辖权规则、裁决执行地法等方面考察争议与外国的联系程度,并兼顾支持仲裁的公共政策。我国《仲裁法》修法应区分仲裁协议有效性问题与可仲裁性问题,司法实践中应合理确定我国法的适用范围,灵活适用最密切联系原则,进一步提高我国商事纠纷仲裁国际化程度。
