Forest diseases and pests affect the forest health and forestry production, the monitoring of forest diseases and pests by remote sensing has great advantages and potential. The principles, the technical methods and t...Forest diseases and pests affect the forest health and forestry production, the monitoring of forest diseases and pests by remote sensing has great advantages and potential. The principles, the technical methods and the main aspects of monitoring forest diseases and pests by remote sensing are described, and the application prospect of this technology is forecasted.展开更多
Many domestic and international scholars have done a wide range of researches on electromagnetic and technology and have made some achievements. Electromagnetic technology has been used in forest pests control as a c...Many domestic and international scholars have done a wide range of researches on electromagnetic and technology and have made some achievements. Electromagnetic technology has been used in forest pests control as a convenient and high-efficient physics means. This article summaries the current study of the electromagnetic biological effect and introduces the appfication of microwave, pulsed electromagnetic field and electrostatic field to forest pests control. The research direction and prospect of the application of electromagnetic theory and technology to forest pests control arc also discussed.展开更多
Taking Linkou Forestry Bureau, Heilongjiang Province, China as the demonstration plot and Dendrolimus pinidiatrea as an example, we developed a WebGIS-based information service platform for forest pest forecast using ...Taking Linkou Forestry Bureau, Heilongjiang Province, China as the demonstration plot and Dendrolimus pinidiatrea as an example, we developed a WebGIS-based information service platform for forest pest forecast using J2EE and ArcGIS Server technology. The service platform is able to predict the occurrence period, amount of pest, occurrence tendency, and pest zones in the B/S environment and realized the display, querying, analysis and editing of the spatial data and the automatically integrated control of multilevel Data,. Additionaly, the service platform offers the visualization of geographic service and predicted results. It provides a solution for prediction of forest pest and forest resource management.展开更多
We analyzed national forest inventory data collected from circa 2000–2018 across 37 states in the eastern United States to better understand the influence of forest health related canopy disturbances on the regenerat...We analyzed national forest inventory data collected from circa 2000–2018 across 37 states in the eastern United States to better understand the influence of forest health related canopy disturbances on the regeneration and recruitment dynamics of upland oaks(Quercus).We found low levels of oak recruitment across all disturbance types examined but limited evidence of any direct effects from the type of disturbance on the population of regenerating oaks.The general lack of differences in oak regeneration response between forest health disturbances and disturbances caused by harvested or non-disturbed plots does not indicate that the effects of forest health disturbances were benign,however.Instead,low level of oak recruitment across all disturbance types highlights the pervasiveness of the trend of shifting composition in once oak-dominated forests where oak is absent or sparse in the regeneration layer.Our results show that oak recruitment was higher when oak was present as advance reproduction prior to disturbance from any cause examined.Collectively,these results lead us to conclude that the widespread inadequacy of oak advance reproduction in mature oak-dominated forests is the prevailing threat to oak forest health and sustainability.We suggest the status of advance reproduction be treated as a co-morbidity when weighing the risk and potential outcomes from other threats to upland oak forests in the eastern United States.展开更多
Forest biological disasters(FBD) seriously impact energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems,while the underlying causes of FBD are complex. These disasters involve large areas and cause tremendous losses. ...Forest biological disasters(FBD) seriously impact energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems,while the underlying causes of FBD are complex. These disasters involve large areas and cause tremendous losses. As a result,the occurrence of FBDs in China( CFBD) threatens the country's ability to realize its strategic target of increasing both forested area(40 million ha) and forest volume(1.3 billion m^3) from 2005 to 2020. Collectively,China has officially named this effort to increase forest area and volume the "Two Increases" as national goals related to forestry. Based on Hurst index analysis from fractal theory,we analyzed the time series of the occurrence area and related data of FBDs from 1950 to 2007 to quantitatively determine the patterns of the macro occurrence of FBDs in China. Results indicates that,the time series of( CFBD) areas is fractal( self-affinity fractal dimension D = 1. 3548),the fluctuation of( CFBD) areas is positively correlated( auto-correlation coefficient C = 0. 2170),and the occurrence of the time series of( CFBD) is long-range dependent( Hurst index H =0. 6416),showing considerably strong trend of increases in FBDC area. Three different methods were further carried out on the original time series,and its two surrogate series generated by function surrogate in library t series,and function Surrogate Data in library in Wavelet software R,so as to analyze the reliability of Hurst indexes. The results showed that the Hurst indices calculated using different estimation methods were greater than 0. 5,ranging from 0. 64 to 0. 97,which indicated that the change of occurrence area data of FBDs was positively autocorrelated.The long-range dependence in forest biological disasters in China is obvious,and the spatial extent of FBDs tended to increase during this study period indicating this trend should be expected to persistent and worsen in the future.展开更多
In this paper, we briefly summarize the problems that have been affecting Slovakian forestry in the past, in the present and are expected in the future. In the past, the forests in Central Europe were significantly ha...In this paper, we briefly summarize the problems that have been affecting Slovakian forestry in the past, in the present and are expected in the future. In the past, the forests in Central Europe were significantly harmed by the development of mining, metallurgy, wood processing industry, agriculture and grazing of sheep and cattle. Many areas have been completely deforested. Fundamental change occurred in the 18th Century, when the regulations about forest management, declared by Empress of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy Maria Therese, came into force. With the changing level of forest cover, there have been changing as well the problems in the forestry. Forests in Slovakia are nowadays dealing with the climate change, which is causing extreme weather fluctuations. It is connected with the emergence of abiotic disturbances after which usually occurs activation of biotic harmful agents. We expect that the most serious problem of forests in the future will be their state of health. We expect an increase representation of thermophilic tree species (beech and oak) at the expense of upland trees such as spruce. An important role will be played by the invasive species of plants, fungi and animals that can compete with native species and their habitats or in the situation of the absence of their reducents these can cause serious economic and environmental damage.展开更多
Taking Linkou Forestry Bureau, Heilongjiang Province, China as the demonstration plot and Dendrolimus pinidiatrea as an example, we developed a WebGIS-based information service platform for forest pest forecast using ...Taking Linkou Forestry Bureau, Heilongjiang Province, China as the demonstration plot and Dendrolimus pinidiatrea as an example, we developed a WebGIS-based information service platform for forest pest forecast using J2EE and ArcGIS Server technology. The service platform is able to predict the occurrence period, amount of pest, occurrence tendency, and pest zones in the B/S environment and realized the display, querying, analysis and editing of the spatial data and the automatically integrated control of multilevel Data,. Additionaly, the service platform offers the visualization of geographic service and predicted results. It provides a solution for prediction of forest pest and forest resource management.展开更多
In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development ...In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development history, summarized the concept and principles of ECFP, discussed the technology and methods of ECFP, and evaluated the ECFP and its application conditions.展开更多
Three indexes including forest pest occurrence area,control area and input fund of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2014 were selected from Forestry Statistical Yearbook,to establish dynamic interaction index evaluation syst...Three indexes including forest pest occurrence area,control area and input fund of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2014 were selected from Forestry Statistical Yearbook,to establish dynamic interaction index evaluation system with clustering robust regression model and Stata 13. 0 software. Total forest pest control efficiency in China was determined according to the computing result of entropy method. Suggestions such as improving forest pest control efficiency,increasing service efficiency and input amount of forest pest control input funds were put forward. It will provide empirical basis for target management evaluation of forest pest control work and accountability system.展开更多
Recent advances in information and communication technologies, such as mobile Internet and smart- phones, have created new paradigms for participatory environment monitoring. The ubiquitous mobile phones with capabili...Recent advances in information and communication technologies, such as mobile Internet and smart- phones, have created new paradigms for participatory environment monitoring. The ubiquitous mobile phones with capabilities such as a global positioning system, camera, and network access, offer opportunities to estab- lish distributed monitoring networks that can perform a wide range of measurements for a landscape. This study examined the potential of mobile phone-based community monitoring of fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea Drury）. We built a prototype of a participatory fall webworm monitoring System based on mobile devices that stream- lined data collection, transmission, and visualization. We also assessed the accuracy and reliability of the data collected by the local community. The system performance was evaluated at the Ziya commune of Tianjin municipality in northern China, where fall webworm infestation has occurred. The local community provided data with accuracy comparable to expert measurements （Willmott＇s index of agreement 〉0.85）. Measurements by the local community effectively complemented remote sensing images in both temporal and spatial resolution.展开更多
Background:The Siberian moth(Dendrolimus sibiricus)is a serious pest of conifers in Russia,Northern Kazakhstan,Mongolia and China.The western border of the pest’s distribution in Russia is disputed,but it is present ...Background:The Siberian moth(Dendrolimus sibiricus)is a serious pest of conifers in Russia,Northern Kazakhstan,Mongolia and China.The western border of the pest’s distribution in Russia is disputed,but it is present west of the 60th meridian east.The pest has the potential to defoliate a wide range of conifers.Results:The pest is not present in Norway or other European countries,except Russia.Natural spread and human mediated transport are potential pathways for the pest.Human mediated pathways considered are:Living trees for planting,coniferous wood in the rough and foliage and branches.There has been no import of living trees from Russia to Norway during the past 30 years,and there is currently no import of coniferous wood commodities containing bark from areas,where D.sibiricus occurs.Conclusions:The probability of D.sibiricus entry by natural spread is unlikely,mainly because of the geographical distance and the partial sea barriers between Norway and the infested areas.The probability of entry by human mediated pathways is unlikely due to the very limited volume of the import.Should the pest enter Norway,the probability of establishment and spread is unlikely,due to the suboptimal climatic conditions,and the fact that the two dominant conifers in the country,Norway spruce(Picea abies)and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris),are intermediate and poor hosts,respectively.The potential damage,should D.sibiricus enter Norway,is considered low.展开更多
Forest diseases and pests are perceived as a growing hazard to China economy. It is a common conclusion that the actualities of forest pests in china are no effective measures to the old important pests, some secondar...Forest diseases and pests are perceived as a growing hazard to China economy. It is a common conclusion that the actualities of forest pests in china are no effective measures to the old important pests, some secondary pests are ascending to chief pests, increasing devastation from exotic pests, frequent ecological pest eruption induced by environmental detriment and host-leading diseases to threaten the "Western Development Project "in China, which is the most important economical strategy to China; th...展开更多
Eleven species of alien invasive forest insect pests have been found since the early time that insect species had been taken recorded in China. Their origins, inland distribution, invasive time, hosts, causing damage ...Eleven species of alien invasive forest insect pests have been found since the early time that insect species had been taken recorded in China. Their origins, inland distribution, invasive time, hosts, causing damage are recorded in this paper for the evidence of biological invasion. Their control methods are also studied or discussed.展开更多
Aims Species interactions regulate the invasiveness of non-native species and as declines of native tree species escalate,exotic tree species that offer supplementary resources to animal seed-dispersers should expand ...Aims Species interactions regulate the invasiveness of non-native species and as declines of native tree species escalate,exotic tree species that offer supplementary resources to animal seed-dispersers should expand their distributions as they fill ecological roles.Our primary objective was to forecast impacts from an imminent biological invasion(laurel wilt disease)by quantifying resources provided by native(threatened)and exotic fruits(disease-resistant)and associated bird foraging preferences.Methods In the southeastern USA,we tested for redundancy among the resources provided by native and exotic fruits to overwintering birds.Comparisons between abundant subcanopy species Persea borbonia(native)and Cinnamomum camphora(exotic)were paramount considering the widespread disease-induced decline of P.borbonia,and the biological and phylogenetic similarities between these species.Across two winter survey periods,we quantified fruit removal and documented bird species using motion-activated cameras in the field.Physical and chemical fruit characteristics were also quantified.Important Findings Foraging bouts on both P.borbonia and C.camphora fruits were documented for four native bird species.There was no difference in selectivity between fruit types during Year 1 of our survey,but there was a significant preference for C.camphora fruit in Year 2;the change in preference was correlated with significantly lower temperatures in Year 2.While the pulp/seed ratio and moisture content differed,the nutritional content of fruit pulp(g/100 g)was similar between fruit types.Given the apparent redundancy among these native and exotic fruit resources,we forecast increases in the consumption and dispersal of exotic propagules following the widespread laurel wilt disease-induced decline of P.borbonia and other native fruit bearing members of Lauraceae.This empirically based prediction is among the first to document exotic forest pathogens as indirect threats to native bird-plant interactions and potential facilitators of exotic plant invasion.展开更多
Fall webworm is an alien invasive insect pest in China. The control strategies and methods to it for the last two decades in China were briefly reviewed. Because the fall webworm has already adapted to the new habitat...Fall webworm is an alien invasive insect pest in China. The control strategies and methods to it for the last two decades in China were briefly reviewed. Because the fall webworm has already adapted to the new habitat in China, some considerable control strategies should be developed. Based on the study of fall webworm in three typical ecological conditions and its special biological characteristic, relative different control strategies and methods were proposed for this invasive pest.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China " Multiagent Simulation and Spatial Prediction of Forest Invasive Alien Species and Diffusion"(30871964)Ministry of Education,New Century Excellent Talents Support Project " Ecological Response Mechanism and Prediction of Spatial Pattern Dynamics of Forest Vegetation"(NCET06-0122)Ministry of Education Innovation Team " Early Warning of Major Forest Pest Disasters and Ecological Control Technology " (IRT0607)~~
文摘Forest diseases and pests affect the forest health and forestry production, the monitoring of forest diseases and pests by remote sensing has great advantages and potential. The principles, the technical methods and the main aspects of monitoring forest diseases and pests by remote sensing are described, and the application prospect of this technology is forecasted.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (grant No. 30471384 )
文摘Many domestic and international scholars have done a wide range of researches on electromagnetic and technology and have made some achievements. Electromagnetic technology has been used in forest pests control as a convenient and high-efficient physics means. This article summaries the current study of the electromagnetic biological effect and introduces the appfication of microwave, pulsed electromagnetic field and electrostatic field to forest pests control. The research direction and prospect of the application of electromagnetic theory and technology to forest pests control arc also discussed.
基金supported by the 11th Five Years KeyPrograms for Science and Technology Development of China(2006BAD10A03-5)Heilongjiang Programs for Science and Technology Development in 2006(GB06A110)Haerbin Technologies R&D Programin 2007(2007AA1CG077-1)
文摘Taking Linkou Forestry Bureau, Heilongjiang Province, China as the demonstration plot and Dendrolimus pinidiatrea as an example, we developed a WebGIS-based information service platform for forest pest forecast using J2EE and ArcGIS Server technology. The service platform is able to predict the occurrence period, amount of pest, occurrence tendency, and pest zones in the B/S environment and realized the display, querying, analysis and editing of the spatial data and the automatically integrated control of multilevel Data,. Additionaly, the service platform offers the visualization of geographic service and predicted results. It provides a solution for prediction of forest pest and forest resource management.
基金This project falls under Task Agreement 18-JV-11242311-084 with the USDA Forest ServiceNorthern Research Station,within master joint venture agreement 18-JV-11242311-093 under the Great Rivers Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit.
文摘We analyzed national forest inventory data collected from circa 2000–2018 across 37 states in the eastern United States to better understand the influence of forest health related canopy disturbances on the regeneration and recruitment dynamics of upland oaks(Quercus).We found low levels of oak recruitment across all disturbance types examined but limited evidence of any direct effects from the type of disturbance on the population of regenerating oaks.The general lack of differences in oak regeneration response between forest health disturbances and disturbances caused by harvested or non-disturbed plots does not indicate that the effects of forest health disturbances were benign,however.Instead,low level of oak recruitment across all disturbance types highlights the pervasiveness of the trend of shifting composition in once oak-dominated forests where oak is absent or sparse in the regeneration layer.Our results show that oak recruitment was higher when oak was present as advance reproduction prior to disturbance from any cause examined.Collectively,these results lead us to conclude that the widespread inadequacy of oak advance reproduction in mature oak-dominated forests is the prevailing threat to oak forest health and sustainability.We suggest the status of advance reproduction be treated as a co-morbidity when weighing the risk and potential outcomes from other threats to upland oak forests in the eastern United States.
基金Supported by the Project "Researches of Southern China’s Forestry Strategy"(2013-R17) and "Improvement of the Forest Resources Monitoring System of China"(2011-R03) Funded by the State Forestry Administration of China
文摘Forest biological disasters(FBD) seriously impact energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems,while the underlying causes of FBD are complex. These disasters involve large areas and cause tremendous losses. As a result,the occurrence of FBDs in China( CFBD) threatens the country's ability to realize its strategic target of increasing both forested area(40 million ha) and forest volume(1.3 billion m^3) from 2005 to 2020. Collectively,China has officially named this effort to increase forest area and volume the "Two Increases" as national goals related to forestry. Based on Hurst index analysis from fractal theory,we analyzed the time series of the occurrence area and related data of FBDs from 1950 to 2007 to quantitatively determine the patterns of the macro occurrence of FBDs in China. Results indicates that,the time series of( CFBD) areas is fractal( self-affinity fractal dimension D = 1. 3548),the fluctuation of( CFBD) areas is positively correlated( auto-correlation coefficient C = 0. 2170),and the occurrence of the time series of( CFBD) is long-range dependent( Hurst index H =0. 6416),showing considerably strong trend of increases in FBDC area. Three different methods were further carried out on the original time series,and its two surrogate series generated by function surrogate in library t series,and function Surrogate Data in library in Wavelet software R,so as to analyze the reliability of Hurst indexes. The results showed that the Hurst indices calculated using different estimation methods were greater than 0. 5,ranging from 0. 64 to 0. 97,which indicated that the change of occurrence area data of FBDs was positively autocorrelated.The long-range dependence in forest biological disasters in China is obvious,and the spatial extent of FBDs tended to increase during this study period indicating this trend should be expected to persistent and worsen in the future.
基金supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No.APVV-0045-10funded by the Operational Program of Research and Development and co-financed with the European Fund for Regional Development(EFRD).Grant:ITMS:26220220109 Prognostic infor-mation systems for improving the efficiency of forest management(50%).
文摘In this paper, we briefly summarize the problems that have been affecting Slovakian forestry in the past, in the present and are expected in the future. In the past, the forests in Central Europe were significantly harmed by the development of mining, metallurgy, wood processing industry, agriculture and grazing of sheep and cattle. Many areas have been completely deforested. Fundamental change occurred in the 18th Century, when the regulations about forest management, declared by Empress of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy Maria Therese, came into force. With the changing level of forest cover, there have been changing as well the problems in the forestry. Forests in Slovakia are nowadays dealing with the climate change, which is causing extreme weather fluctuations. It is connected with the emergence of abiotic disturbances after which usually occurs activation of biotic harmful agents. We expect that the most serious problem of forests in the future will be their state of health. We expect an increase representation of thermophilic tree species (beech and oak) at the expense of upland trees such as spruce. An important role will be played by the invasive species of plants, fungi and animals that can compete with native species and their habitats or in the situation of the absence of their reducents these can cause serious economic and environmental damage.
文摘Taking Linkou Forestry Bureau, Heilongjiang Province, China as the demonstration plot and Dendrolimus pinidiatrea as an example, we developed a WebGIS-based information service platform for forest pest forecast using J2EE and ArcGIS Server technology. The service platform is able to predict the occurrence period, amount of pest, occurrence tendency, and pest zones in the B/S environment and realized the display, querying, analysis and editing of the spatial data and the automatically integrated control of multilevel Data,. Additionaly, the service platform offers the visualization of geographic service and predicted results. It provides a solution for prediction of forest pest and forest resource management.
基金This study was supported by National High-Tech R﹠D Programmer of China (No.2003AA249070)
文摘In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development history, summarized the concept and principles of ECFP, discussed the technology and methods of ECFP, and evaluated the ECFP and its application conditions.
基金Supported by Analysis of Forest Pest Cost Responsibility Investigation System(2017-R04)Protection and Development:Coordination Mechanism Research from the Perspective of Community(71373024)
文摘Three indexes including forest pest occurrence area,control area and input fund of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2014 were selected from Forestry Statistical Yearbook,to establish dynamic interaction index evaluation system with clustering robust regression model and Stata 13. 0 software. Total forest pest control efficiency in China was determined according to the computing result of entropy method. Suggestions such as improving forest pest control efficiency,increasing service efficiency and input amount of forest pest control input funds were put forward. It will provide empirical basis for target management evaluation of forest pest control work and accountability system.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(21-Y30B05-9001-13/15)
文摘Recent advances in information and communication technologies, such as mobile Internet and smart- phones, have created new paradigms for participatory environment monitoring. The ubiquitous mobile phones with capabilities such as a global positioning system, camera, and network access, offer opportunities to estab- lish distributed monitoring networks that can perform a wide range of measurements for a landscape. This study examined the potential of mobile phone-based community monitoring of fall webworm （Hyphantria cunea Drury）. We built a prototype of a participatory fall webworm monitoring System based on mobile devices that stream- lined data collection, transmission, and visualization. We also assessed the accuracy and reliability of the data collected by the local community. The system performance was evaluated at the Ziya commune of Tianjin municipality in northern China, where fall webworm infestation has occurred. The local community provided data with accuracy comparable to expert measurements （Willmott＇s index of agreement 〉0.85）. Measurements by the local community effectively complemented remote sensing images in both temporal and spatial resolution.
文摘Background:The Siberian moth(Dendrolimus sibiricus)is a serious pest of conifers in Russia,Northern Kazakhstan,Mongolia and China.The western border of the pest’s distribution in Russia is disputed,but it is present west of the 60th meridian east.The pest has the potential to defoliate a wide range of conifers.Results:The pest is not present in Norway or other European countries,except Russia.Natural spread and human mediated transport are potential pathways for the pest.Human mediated pathways considered are:Living trees for planting,coniferous wood in the rough and foliage and branches.There has been no import of living trees from Russia to Norway during the past 30 years,and there is currently no import of coniferous wood commodities containing bark from areas,where D.sibiricus occurs.Conclusions:The probability of D.sibiricus entry by natural spread is unlikely,mainly because of the geographical distance and the partial sea barriers between Norway and the infested areas.The probability of entry by human mediated pathways is unlikely due to the very limited volume of the import.Should the pest enter Norway,the probability of establishment and spread is unlikely,due to the suboptimal climatic conditions,and the fact that the two dominant conifers in the country,Norway spruce(Picea abies)and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris),are intermediate and poor hosts,respectively.The potential damage,should D.sibiricus enter Norway,is considered low.
文摘Forest diseases and pests are perceived as a growing hazard to China economy. It is a common conclusion that the actualities of forest pests in china are no effective measures to the old important pests, some secondary pests are ascending to chief pests, increasing devastation from exotic pests, frequent ecological pest eruption induced by environmental detriment and host-leading diseases to threaten the "Western Development Project "in China, which is the most important economical strategy to China; th...
文摘Eleven species of alien invasive forest insect pests have been found since the early time that insect species had been taken recorded in China. Their origins, inland distribution, invasive time, hosts, causing damage are recorded in this paper for the evidence of biological invasion. Their control methods are also studied or discussed.
基金the National Estuarine Reserve System under an award from the Estuarine Reserves Division,Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,National Ocean Service,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(Award#NA11NOS4200080)。
文摘Aims Species interactions regulate the invasiveness of non-native species and as declines of native tree species escalate,exotic tree species that offer supplementary resources to animal seed-dispersers should expand their distributions as they fill ecological roles.Our primary objective was to forecast impacts from an imminent biological invasion(laurel wilt disease)by quantifying resources provided by native(threatened)and exotic fruits(disease-resistant)and associated bird foraging preferences.Methods In the southeastern USA,we tested for redundancy among the resources provided by native and exotic fruits to overwintering birds.Comparisons between abundant subcanopy species Persea borbonia(native)and Cinnamomum camphora(exotic)were paramount considering the widespread disease-induced decline of P.borbonia,and the biological and phylogenetic similarities between these species.Across two winter survey periods,we quantified fruit removal and documented bird species using motion-activated cameras in the field.Physical and chemical fruit characteristics were also quantified.Important Findings Foraging bouts on both P.borbonia and C.camphora fruits were documented for four native bird species.There was no difference in selectivity between fruit types during Year 1 of our survey,but there was a significant preference for C.camphora fruit in Year 2;the change in preference was correlated with significantly lower temperatures in Year 2.While the pulp/seed ratio and moisture content differed,the nutritional content of fruit pulp(g/100 g)was similar between fruit types.Given the apparent redundancy among these native and exotic fruit resources,we forecast increases in the consumption and dispersal of exotic propagules following the widespread laurel wilt disease-induced decline of P.borbonia and other native fruit bearing members of Lauraceae.This empirically based prediction is among the first to document exotic forest pathogens as indirect threats to native bird-plant interactions and potential facilitators of exotic plant invasion.
文摘Fall webworm is an alien invasive insect pest in China. The control strategies and methods to it for the last two decades in China were briefly reviewed. Because the fall webworm has already adapted to the new habitat in China, some considerable control strategies should be developed. Based on the study of fall webworm in three typical ecological conditions and its special biological characteristic, relative different control strategies and methods were proposed for this invasive pest.
