Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contribu...Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].展开更多
In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have promp...In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have prompted a search for alternative options.Plant natural products(PNPs)with antimicrobial activity are being explored as a viable alternative.Among the various antimicrobial natural products studied,plant essential oils,plant flavonoids,plant polyphenols,plant polysaccharides,and plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified as potential candidates.PNPs demonstrate a diverse array of antimicrobial mechanisms,encompassing cell wall and membrane damage,interference with genetic replication,disruption of energy metabolism,and induction of oxidative stress at the single-cell level,as well as inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing at the population level.Certain PNPs have been harnessed as natural antimicrobial agents for the food preservation.The utilization of encapsulation technology proves to be an effective strategy in protecting PNPs,thereby ensuring good antimicrobial efficacy,enhanced dispersibility,and controlled release within food products.The utilization of nanoemulsions,nanoliposomes,edible packaging,electrospun nanofibers,and microcapsules formed by encapsulation has enriched the ways in which PNPs can be applied in food preservation.Although PNPs have great potential in food preservation,their widespread application in the food industry is currently constrained by factors such as production costs,safety concerns,and legal considerations.Chemical synthesis and biosynthesis pathways offer viable strategies for reducing the cost of producing PNPs,and ongoing efforts to assess safety and improve regulatory frameworks are likely to facilitate the broader adoption of PNPs in food preservation practices.This article provides an overview of the main types of PNPs with antimicrobial activity and their properties,focusing on their mechanisms of action.Additionally,it summarizes the use of PNPs in food preservation and discusses the characteristics and applications of different encapsulation technologies.Lastly,the paper briefly analyzes current limitations and proposes potential future trends for this field.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have captured an increasing attention in biophotonics owing to their excellent optical features.Herein,2D hafnium ditelluride(HfTe_(2)),a new member of transition metal tellurides,is e...Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have captured an increasing attention in biophotonics owing to their excellent optical features.Herein,2D hafnium ditelluride(HfTe_(2)),a new member of transition metal tellurides,is exploited to support gold nanoparticles fabricating HfTe_(2)-Au nanocomposites.The nanohybrids can serve as novel 2D surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate for the label-free detection of analyte with high sensitivity and reproducibility.Chemical mechanism originated from HfTe_(2) nanosheets and the electromagnetic enhancement induced by the hot spots on the nano-hybrids may largely contribute to the superior SERS effect of HfTe_(2)-Au nanocomposites.Finally,HfTe_(2)-Au nanocomposites are utilized for the label-free SERS analysis of foodborne pathogenic bac-teria,which realize the rapid and ultrasensitive Raman test of Escherichia coli,Listeria mono-cytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella with the limit of detection of 10 CFU/mL and the maximum Raman enhancement factor up to 1.7×10^(8).Combined with principal component analysis,HfTe_(2)-Au-based SERS analysis also completes the bacterial classification without extra treatment.展开更多
In this work,to enhance the antibacterial potential of black rice anthocyanins for food preservation applications,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G)was isolated and subsequently acylated with capric acid using Novozym 435 li...In this work,to enhance the antibacterial potential of black rice anthocyanins for food preservation applications,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G)was isolated and subsequently acylated with capric acid using Novozym 435 lipase as the catalyst.The resulting derivative was identified as cyanidin-3-O-(6″-capryl)-glucoside(ACD).This enzy-matic modification successfully achieved its goal,as ACD exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against major foodborne pathogens.Its minimum inhibitory concentrations to Listeria monocytegenes,Staphylo-coccus aureus,and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 50.00%-87.30%lower than those of the precursor C3G.After ACD treatment,the bacterial cells displayed twisted and sunken morphologies.The permeability of cell walls and membranes was severely compromised,as evidenced by 78.57%-346.43%increase in extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity and a 60%to 73.5%increase in nucleic acid leakage compared to untreated controls.Furthermore,ACD interfered with intracellular functions,reducing the activities of adenosine triphosphatase and superoxide dismutase by 4.58 U/mL and 4.88 U/mL,respectively,and inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid cycle by 85.2%.This study demonstrated that enzymatic acylation was an effective strategy to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of black rice anthocyanins through multi-target mechanisms,highlighting the potential of ACD as a promising candidate for development as a natural food preservative.展开更多
Ensuring food safety remains a global challenge because of the presence of foodborne pathogens,such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.In this study,we present a turn-on fluorescence biosensor based on an i...Ensuring food safety remains a global challenge because of the presence of foodborne pathogens,such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.In this study,we present a turn-on fluorescence biosensor based on an iron metal-organic framework(Fe-MOF)for the selective and rapid detection of two major foodborne pathogens,E.coli and S.aureus.Fe-MOF was synthesised via a solvothermal method and thoroughly characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Upon interaction with bacterial suspensions,the sensor exhibited significant fluorescence enhancement,which was attributed to electron transfer modulation triggered by bacterial surface components.The analytical performance was evaluated across three matrices—phosphate-buffered saline(PBS),drinking water,and milk—achieving detection limits as low as 0.464 log CFU/mL for S.aureus and 0.584 log CFU/mL for E.coli.The sensor enabled rapid detection within less than 1 h with high recovery rates(95-104%)across all tested matrices,confirming its practical usability for real sample analysis.These findings address a critical gap in biosensor research by validating Fe-MOFs for practical food-safety applications in multiple real-world environments.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial,antibiofilm,antioxidant and shelf life protective po-tentials of infusion,decoction,and room temperature samples of sumac fruits prepared as used by the local...The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial,antibiofilm,antioxidant and shelf life protective po-tentials of infusion,decoction,and room temperature samples of sumac fruits prepared as used by the local people against three foodborne pathogens including Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli O157:H7,and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food samples.The room temperature samples of sumac showed a remarkable antibacterial activity(81.25%)against S.aureus.Infusion and decoction samples of sumac fruit showed an effective anti-bacterial activity(~70%)against E.coli O157:H7.Moderate efficacy against B.cereus was observed in all treatment groups.Antibiofilm effects of sumac were observed against B.cereus and S.aureus,but not against E.coli O157:H7.The total antioxidant activity was found to be close to the reference compounds.The twenty-two phenolic and flavonoid chemical compounds(gallic acid,gentisic acid,protocatechuic acid,proto-catechualdehyde,4-OH-benzoic acid,salicylic acid,chlorogenic acid,cafeic acid,p-coumaric acid,ferulic acid,rosmarinic acid,sinapic acid,trans-cinnamic acid,rutin,resveratrol,myricetin,naringenin,quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,apigenin,and chrysin)were identified by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer(LC-MS/MS)and these molecules were analyzed by computational analyses using SwissADME,admetSAR 3.0 and the AntiBac-Pred web tool.In addition,the antibacterial efficacy of sumac fruit extracts was tested on mixed Mediterranean salad samples to evaluate the shelf-life enhancing effect.The efficacy of sumac fruit against common foodborne pathogens suggests that the ethnobotanical use of sumac may provide protection against bacterial diseases and can be utilized as an additive and/or ingredient in the food industry.展开更多
With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards,healthy,safe and food without addition of chemically synthesized preservatives has become more and more accepted by consumers in recent years.Researchers’...With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards,healthy,safe and food without addition of chemically synthesized preservatives has become more and more accepted by consumers in recent years.Researchers’attention is now being directed on the use of cutting-edge natural antibacterial agents to ensure food safety.Xanthohumol(XN),an isoprene flavonoid found in hops has received much attention from researchers due to broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties.In addition,XN alone or in combination with other bacteriostatic agents inhibited the growth of spoilage microorganisms.Brewery residues can also be a source of XN and emerging technologies and alternative solvents allow for higher extraction rates,therefore has the potential to be used as natural preservative in the food industry,This review summarizes the inhibition of XN on different spoilage microorganisms,including bacteria and fungi,its green and economic feasibility in the food industry,and its antibacterial effect in different application forms,to discover its potential application as a natural preservative in food.For its future application and development,the molecular mechanism of its inhi-bition of microorganisms remains to be explored.展开更多
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)foodborne pathogens presents a critical and growing threat to global food safety,endangering millions of lives annually.Essential oils(EOs)have garnered significant atten...The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)foodborne pathogens presents a critical and growing threat to global food safety,endangering millions of lives annually.Essential oils(EOs)have garnered significant attention as natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobials,demonstrating robust antibacterial activity against diverse MDR pathogens.This review delves into the multifaceted antibacterial mechanisms of EOs,including their ability to disrupt cell membranes and inhibit vital metabolic processes.Notably,combining EOs often yields synergistic effects,reducing the required concentrations for efficacy,though occasional antagonistic interactions warrant further investigation.Advances such as EO-nanoparticle integration have amplified their antimicrobial potency,with nanoencapsulation techniques extending food product shelf life and enhancing controlled release.Furthermore,in silico tools have emerged as powerful predictors of synergistic EO combinations,offering high accuracy and efficiency.Despite these promising developments,critical challenges persist,including the optimization of EO formulations,mitigation of sensory impacts,assurance of long-term safety in diverse food systems,and the establishment of clear regulatory and scalability pathways.This review also addresses challenges,such as organoleptic properties and legal frameworks,essential for successful EO adoption in the food industry.By combining EOs with emerging technologies,this work underscores their immense potential to revolutionize food preservation,improve safety,and combat the public health risks posed by MDR pathogens.展开更多
Foodborne pathogens pose a serious threat to food safety,and micro-confocal Raman spectroscopy is emerging as a promising method for the rapid detection and identification of them.However,the high degree of similarity...Foodborne pathogens pose a serious threat to food safety,and micro-confocal Raman spectroscopy is emerging as a promising method for the rapid detection and identification of them.However,the high degree of similarity in the biochemical composition of different foodborne pathogens,particularly among the serotypes of the same genus,degrades the identification accuracy.To address this challenge,we optimized multiple machine learning methods based on Raman spectroscopy and performed a thorough comparative study on them for the discrimination and prediction of seven types of foodborne pathogens originating from five different genera.The results indicated that the improved clustering algorithms can identify phylogenetic relationships among pathogens,and the designed dual-scale Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model achieved a superior identification performance,with a prediction accuracy exceeding 98.4%.These optimized machine-learning-driven Raman spectroscopy methods are expected to become a promising tool for the rapid detection of microbial contamination in food.展开更多
Foodborne pathogens are subjected to various stress conditions such as those found in food environments and those applied as bactericidal processes.These diverse stress conditions can significantly influence the survi...Foodborne pathogens are subjected to various stress conditions such as those found in food environments and those applied as bactericidal processes.These diverse stress conditions can significantly influence the survival,adaptation,and virulence of pathogens in food systems.It is widely recognized that foodborne pathogens adapt to these conditions by increasing their resistance.Given that foodborne pathogens frequently contaminate food samples and are exposed to these stress conditions,understanding how these pathogens respond to such stresses is crucial.This review delves into the different aspects of foodborne pathogens encountering low temperature,osmotic stress,acidic stress,oxidative stress,and bactericidal treatments.Emphasis is placed on recent advances in transcriptomic analysis,particularly RNA sequencing,which has emerged as a powerful tool for elucidating global gene expression changes during stress adaptation.Even though RNA sequencing has been widely used in recent studies,meticulous experimental setup is essential for conducting such research.One of the challenges in studying the stress response of foodborne pathogens lies in the variation of response among strains.While certain genes may commonly express under specific stress conditions,generalizing this pattern proves difficult as complex factors also influence the phenomena.Furthermore,this review highlights the interplay between transcriptomic changes and phenotypic outcomes,underscoring the need for integrated multi-omics approaches to fully understand stress adaptation mechanisms.Hence,more refined and extensive experiments are warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the stress response exhibited by foodborne pathogens.展开更多
Background:Developing highly sensitive,simple,and rapid detection techniques for the accurate detection of foodborne pathogens is critical for food safety.This study designed a microfluidic chip integrating recombinas...Background:Developing highly sensitive,simple,and rapid detection techniques for the accurate detection of foodborne pathogens is critical for food safety.This study designed a microfluidic chip integrating recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)and colloidal gold lateral chromatography for the visual detection of three high-risk foodborne pathogens:Escherichia coli O157:H7,Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP),and Vibrio cholerae(VC).Methods:A lateral flow microfluidic chip was fabricated by integrating a chromatography test strip with a laser-ablated microfluidic structure.RPA primers targeting the rfbE gene of E.coli O157:H7,the toxR gene of VP,and the ctxA gene of V.cholerae were designed.The RPA products were validated by agarose gel electrophoresis,followed by optimization of the primer concentration,temperature,and reaction time.Results:The chip detected pathogens via RPA(at 40℃for 20 min)and a visual readout was obtained within 10 min,achieving 102 CFU/mL detection sensitivity for all three pathogens with high specificity,reproducibility,and stability.Conclusion:This microfluidic chip-based method enables portable on-site foodborne pathogen detection without the need for costly thermal cyclers/signal readers,thereby maintaining accuracy and affordability.展开更多
Foodborne pathogens cause diseases in humans.The traditional methods of detecting foodborne pathogens are time-consuming.The lateral flow immunoassay(LFIA)has become a widely used detection platform for onsite testing...Foodborne pathogens cause diseases in humans.The traditional methods of detecting foodborne pathogens are time-consuming.The lateral flow immunoassay(LFIA)has become a widely used detection platform for onsite testing of various foodborne pathogens due to its time-efficiency,cost-effectiveness,portability,and ease of use.With the development of novel nanomaterials,the sensitivity of the LFIA has improved tremendously compared with traditional colorimetric LFIA sensors.This review first summarizes the principles and corresponding formats of the LFIA.Then,a detailed classification of nanomaterial label(e.g.,metallic,carbon and selenium,fluorescent,and magnetic nanoparticles)synthesis,signal amplification strategy,and detection principles are discussed as related to food safety.Subsequently,the LFIA used in the detection of pathogenic bacteria,including Escherichia coli,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,and Salmonella,are classified and summarized.Multiple signal modes have been explored that improve the sensitivity of foodborne pathogen detection.Further improvement should focus on the design and preparation of high signal-to-noise ratio nanomaterials to achieve highly sensitive detection,and multitarget and multimode sensing.展开更多
Biofilms containing foodborne pathogens can adhere to food ingredients or food processing equipment.Due to their enhanced resilience to cleaning and chance of cross-contamination,there is an increased risk of food poi...Biofilms containing foodborne pathogens can adhere to food ingredients or food processing equipment.Due to their enhanced resilience to cleaning and chance of cross-contamination,there is an increased risk of food poisoning to consumers.The life course of biofilms is generally thought to be regulated by a quorum sensing(QS)system by secreted autoinducing peptides(AIPs).Recent studies have revealed that small non-coding RNA(sRNA)also plays an important role in regulating biofilm formation at the post-transcriptional level.Moreover,sRNA can act as an intermediate regulating hub between the quorum sensing system and biofilm.This review summarizes the latest findings on sRNA in biofilms of common foodborne pathogens and their potential impact.We also highlight the different mechanism of cascade regulation of sRNA and QS system in biofilm formation in several typical foodborne pathogens.In this process,sRNA responds to dynamic external environmental signals finely and accurately,and can feedback information on the bacterial cell environment to modify the QS system.These findings will deepen our understanding of biofilm formation and provide new perspectives for eliminating biofilm of foodborne pathogens based on the cascade regulation of small RNA and QS for developing biofilm-free food-processing systems.展开更多
Objectives:Growing trend of street-vended food in underdeveloped countries offers low-cost food to many sections of population.Although it provides job opportunities to many urban dwellers,several health hazards are a...Objectives:Growing trend of street-vended food in underdeveloped countries offers low-cost food to many sections of population.Although it provides job opportunities to many urban dwellers,several health hazards are associated with this business.The present study investigates the burden of foodborne pathogens in Ready-To-Eat(RTE)beverages in relation to vending practices among street vendors of Rawalpindi City,Pakistan according to standardized methods and protocols.Materials and Methods:Six densely populated locations of Rawalpindi city were selected.Commonly consumed sugar cane juice(SCJ)and tamarind prune(dried plums)drink(TPD)(locally called as Imli Alu Bukhara sherbet)from five vendors from each location were chosen in summer season where the temperature reaches above 40℃.Mean and the standard deviation were obtained by univariate and bivariate analyses.Association between the study variables was assessed through cross-tabulations,chi-square,and correlation tests.Results:All the samples were found unsatisfactory in comparison to guidelines of aerobic plate count.Total coliform was observed in 86.7 per cent of SCJ and 70.0 per cent of TPD samples.Fourteen samples of SCJ exceeded the limit of>1100 MPN/ml value,whereas samples of TPD exceeded this limit for Escherichia coli.All of SCJ and 93.3 per cent of TPD samples depicted the presence of Salmonella aureus.Salmonella spp.were found significantly high in 73.3 per cent samples of SCJ and 23.3 per cent samples of TPD.Conclusions:The incidence of high bioloads attributes towards a potential reservoir of foodborne pathogens due to unhygienic vending practices.展开更多
Objective: To refine the infectious doses of enteric bacterial pathogens in animal assays and vaccine clinical trials by studying the invasion kinetics of five bacterial pathogens with human intestinal cells.Methods: ...Objective: To refine the infectious doses of enteric bacterial pathogens in animal assays and vaccine clinical trials by studying the invasion kinetics of five bacterial pathogens with human intestinal cells.Methods: Utilizing in vitro cultured cell invasion assays with gentamicin-killing step,the invasive effects were analyzed in foodborne pathogens including Salmonella,Shigella, Yersinia, Escherichia coli(E. coli) O157 and opportunistic pathogens Citrobacter in human embryonic intestine 407 cells and ileocecum HCT-8 cells at multiplicities of infection(MOIs) of 0.04–4 000.00 E. coli HS served as a noninvasive control.Results: The study results showed that the bacterial invasive efficiency and the average number of internalized bacteria per host cell changed with different starting MOIs. Higher starting MOIs did not always produce more bacterial internalization. The bacterial invasion effects varied with different bacterial strains and host cell lines. E. coli O157:H7 did invade human ileocecum HCT-8 cells.Conclusions: This study shows that these bacteria possess different invasive patterns at various starting MOIs and also in different cell lines. The results could help to figure out the appropriate infectious doses of the bacteria in animal assays and in vaccine clinical trials. The bacterial invasion kinetics is also valuable in evaluating the safety and efficacy of live attenuated bacterial vaccines.展开更多
Intestinal infections affect approximately 450 million people globally,predominantly impacting children and immunocompromised individuals in lowand middle-income countries(LMICs)due to inadequate water,sanitation,and ...Intestinal infections affect approximately 450 million people globally,predominantly impacting children and immunocompromised individuals in lowand middle-income countries(LMICs)due to inadequate water,sanitation,and hygiene(WASH)conditions,poverty,malnutrition,and low literacy.In Kenya,the prevalence of intestinal infections is elevated by warm tropical climates and socioeconomic factors.This scoping review evaluates the national prevalence,risk factors,and contamination sources of intestinal protozoa in Kenya,using a One Health approach to synthesize existing data from various human,animal,and environmental studies.A comprehensive literature search identified 292 studies,of which 67 met the inclusion criteria,covering the period from 1966 to 2024.The review found that most studies utilized stool microscopy,a method with limited sensitivity,and largely focused on vulnerable human populations,with minimal investigation into environmental reservoirs.Key protozoa identified included Entamoeba histolytica,Cryptosporidium,and Giardia,with transmission driven by poor WASH conditions,environmental factors,and close humananimal interactions.The findings highlight significant gaps in environmental surveillance and suggest the need for a robust,integrated One Health approach to better understand and control protozoan infections in Kenya.展开更多
Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend...Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed food,natural antimicrobial agents offer a promising strategy to replace conventional compounds.In this regard,phage lytic proteins or lysins,such as endolysins and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases(VAPGHs),have been proposed as a viable option for the avoidance and elimination of undesirable bacteria within the food production chain.Even when applied exogenously,these proteins can degrade the bacterial cell wall maintaining their lytic activity.This feature,alongside their modular structure,which can be exploited for bioengineering,provides significant biotechnological potential.However,despite the promising properties of lysins,the main obstacle for their commercialization is the limited legal information regulating their use.This challenge underscores the need to navigate complex regulatory pathways.The primary objective of this review is to address this crucial gap and summarize the many prospective applications of endolysins during the different stages of food production.By doing so,we aim to provide clarity and insight into the regulatory challenges that must be overcome for the successful utilization of lysins.展开更多
Endophytic lactic acid bacteria(LAB)live within plant tissues and possess habitat-adaptive advantages in plant fermentation.Here,we investigated the effects of two endophytic LAB strains-Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ...Endophytic lactic acid bacteria(LAB)live within plant tissues and possess habitat-adaptive advantages in plant fermentation.Here,we investigated the effects of two endophytic LAB strains-Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus-isolated from alfalfa and exhibiting inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli,Listeria monocytogenes,and Aspergillus flavus,on the nutrition,microbial community structure and biosafety of fermented alfalfa.L.plantarum,from a genus enriched during spontaneous fermentation,promoted early microbial specialization and enhanced fermentation quality by upregulating carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.The metabolic characteristics of microbial communities dominated by P.pentosaceus were different.Co-inoculating exhibited a balanced metabolic profile,further simplified microbial network complexity and inhibited micro-organisms associated with biofilm formation and pathogenicity.These findings support a co-inoculation strategy using ecologically competitive and functionally synergistic LAB from native microbiota to optimize microbial dynamics and biosafety in plant-based fermentation.展开更多
This study evaluated the fermentation potential and antagonistic activity of four probiotic Lactobacillus strains(L.rhamnosus CWKu-12,L.plantarum CWJ3,L.paracasei CWKu14,and L.casei CWM15)isolated from Cocos nucifera ...This study evaluated the fermentation potential and antagonistic activity of four probiotic Lactobacillus strains(L.rhamnosus CWKu-12,L.plantarum CWJ3,L.paracasei CWKu14,and L.casei CWM15)isolated from Cocos nucifera L.var.nana water.Among them,L.plantarum CWJ3 demonstrated the most promising fermentation characteristics,with a stable growth rate and high viable cell productivity.L.plantarum CWJ3 produced elevated levels of lactic acid(7.48±0.98 mg mL^(-1))and acetic acid(0.18±0.02 mg mL^(-1))in the fermented coconut water,as quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Furthermore,all Lactobacillus strains exhibited significant antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Staphylococcus aureus.After 48 h of combined fermentation,Lactobacillus strains remained viable,while the cell density of the pathogens declined significantly.Volatile metabolite analysis of coconut water samples fermented with combined cultures of Lactobacillus strains and pathogens,using solid-phase microextraction(SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),revealed the production of diverse antimicrobial compounds,including acetic acid,octanoic acid,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,esters,and phenolic compounds.Acidification,resulting from the production of organic acid,was identified as the primary mechanism of pathogen inhibition.Notably,L.plantarum CWJ3 and L.rhamnosus CWKu-12 produced the highest percentage of volatile acetic acid(13%-14%relative peak area),strengthening their antimicrobial effects along with lactic acid.Additionally,all strains effectively reduced polyphenol oxidase activity and controlled enzymatic browning in coconut water.Overall,L.plantarum CWJ3,followed by L.rhamnosus CWKu-12,emerged as strong candidates for food biopreservatives due to their antimicrobial efficacy and antibrowning properties.展开更多
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis,a fatal disease.It is widely distributed in various foods and environmental sources.In this review,we focused on addressing PCR-bas...Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis,a fatal disease.It is widely distributed in various foods and environmental sources.In this review,we focused on addressing PCR-based technologies,including conventional PCR,qPCR and droplet digital PCR(ddPCR).Specifically,we described(a)conventional PCR and mono-,duplex-and multiplex-qPCR methodologies;(b)development and applications of gene HlyA-,Iap-,PrfA–and SsrA-based conventional and qPCR assays as well as PCR assays targeting newly identified gene targets for specific detection of L.monocytogenes;differentiation of viable from dead L.monocytogenes by qPCR in conjugation with propidium monoazide pretreatment;PCR-based serotype identification of L.monocytogenes isolates;PCR-based detection of L.ivanovii,infecting ruminants,differentiation of L.monocytogenes from other Listeria species;and sigB-gene based PCR identification of Listeria spp;(c)applications of ddPCR in detection of L.monocytogenes;and(d)application of qPCR assays in detection and subtyping of L.monocytogenes in milk and dairy products;meats,meat products and meat-processing environment;and seafood,seafood products and processing environment.Our goal was to provide a relatively comprehensive overview of PCR-based methodologies available in detection,characterization and subtyping of various strains of L.monocytogenes in foods and environmental sources.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2022YFD1800400).
文摘Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060520)Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province(202105AF150049)University Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Resources and Utilization in Yunnan Province(Yunjiaofa[2018]No.135).
文摘In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have prompted a search for alternative options.Plant natural products(PNPs)with antimicrobial activity are being explored as a viable alternative.Among the various antimicrobial natural products studied,plant essential oils,plant flavonoids,plant polyphenols,plant polysaccharides,and plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified as potential candidates.PNPs demonstrate a diverse array of antimicrobial mechanisms,encompassing cell wall and membrane damage,interference with genetic replication,disruption of energy metabolism,and induction of oxidative stress at the single-cell level,as well as inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing at the population level.Certain PNPs have been harnessed as natural antimicrobial agents for the food preservation.The utilization of encapsulation technology proves to be an effective strategy in protecting PNPs,thereby ensuring good antimicrobial efficacy,enhanced dispersibility,and controlled release within food products.The utilization of nanoemulsions,nanoliposomes,edible packaging,electrospun nanofibers,and microcapsules formed by encapsulation has enriched the ways in which PNPs can be applied in food preservation.Although PNPs have great potential in food preservation,their widespread application in the food industry is currently constrained by factors such as production costs,safety concerns,and legal considerations.Chemical synthesis and biosynthesis pathways offer viable strategies for reducing the cost of producing PNPs,and ongoing efforts to assess safety and improve regulatory frameworks are likely to facilitate the broader adoption of PNPs in food preservation practices.This article provides an overview of the main types of PNPs with antimicrobial activity and their properties,focusing on their mechanisms of action.Additionally,it summarizes the use of PNPs in food preservation and discusses the characteristics and applications of different encapsulation technologies.Lastly,the paper briefly analyzes current limitations and proposes potential future trends for this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11874021,61675072 and 21505047)the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province of China(2017A020215059)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City(201904010323 and 2019050001)the Innovation Project of Graduate School of South China Normal University School(2019LKXM023)the Natural Science Research Project of Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College(2019ZR01)
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have captured an increasing attention in biophotonics owing to their excellent optical features.Herein,2D hafnium ditelluride(HfTe_(2)),a new member of transition metal tellurides,is exploited to support gold nanoparticles fabricating HfTe_(2)-Au nanocomposites.The nanohybrids can serve as novel 2D surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate for the label-free detection of analyte with high sensitivity and reproducibility.Chemical mechanism originated from HfTe_(2) nanosheets and the electromagnetic enhancement induced by the hot spots on the nano-hybrids may largely contribute to the superior SERS effect of HfTe_(2)-Au nanocomposites.Finally,HfTe_(2)-Au nanocomposites are utilized for the label-free SERS analysis of foodborne pathogenic bac-teria,which realize the rapid and ultrasensitive Raman test of Escherichia coli,Listeria mono-cytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella with the limit of detection of 10 CFU/mL and the maximum Raman enhancement factor up to 1.7×10^(8).Combined with principal component analysis,HfTe_(2)-Au-based SERS analysis also completes the bacterial classification without extra treatment.
基金supported by Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Educationsupport from Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(PA2024GDSK0092,PA2025GDGP0026).
文摘In this work,to enhance the antibacterial potential of black rice anthocyanins for food preservation applications,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G)was isolated and subsequently acylated with capric acid using Novozym 435 lipase as the catalyst.The resulting derivative was identified as cyanidin-3-O-(6″-capryl)-glucoside(ACD).This enzy-matic modification successfully achieved its goal,as ACD exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against major foodborne pathogens.Its minimum inhibitory concentrations to Listeria monocytegenes,Staphylo-coccus aureus,and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 50.00%-87.30%lower than those of the precursor C3G.After ACD treatment,the bacterial cells displayed twisted and sunken morphologies.The permeability of cell walls and membranes was severely compromised,as evidenced by 78.57%-346.43%increase in extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity and a 60%to 73.5%increase in nucleic acid leakage compared to untreated controls.Furthermore,ACD interfered with intracellular functions,reducing the activities of adenosine triphosphatase and superoxide dismutase by 4.58 U/mL and 4.88 U/mL,respectively,and inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid cycle by 85.2%.This study demonstrated that enzymatic acylation was an effective strategy to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of black rice anthocyanins through multi-target mechanisms,highlighting the potential of ACD as a promising candidate for development as a natural food preservative.
文摘Ensuring food safety remains a global challenge because of the presence of foodborne pathogens,such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.In this study,we present a turn-on fluorescence biosensor based on an iron metal-organic framework(Fe-MOF)for the selective and rapid detection of two major foodborne pathogens,E.coli and S.aureus.Fe-MOF was synthesised via a solvothermal method and thoroughly characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Upon interaction with bacterial suspensions,the sensor exhibited significant fluorescence enhancement,which was attributed to electron transfer modulation triggered by bacterial surface components.The analytical performance was evaluated across three matrices—phosphate-buffered saline(PBS),drinking water,and milk—achieving detection limits as low as 0.464 log CFU/mL for S.aureus and 0.584 log CFU/mL for E.coli.The sensor enabled rapid detection within less than 1 h with high recovery rates(95-104%)across all tested matrices,confirming its practical usability for real sample analysis.These findings address a critical gap in biosensor research by validating Fe-MOFs for practical food-safety applications in multiple real-world environments.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial,antibiofilm,antioxidant and shelf life protective po-tentials of infusion,decoction,and room temperature samples of sumac fruits prepared as used by the local people against three foodborne pathogens including Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli O157:H7,and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food samples.The room temperature samples of sumac showed a remarkable antibacterial activity(81.25%)against S.aureus.Infusion and decoction samples of sumac fruit showed an effective anti-bacterial activity(~70%)against E.coli O157:H7.Moderate efficacy against B.cereus was observed in all treatment groups.Antibiofilm effects of sumac were observed against B.cereus and S.aureus,but not against E.coli O157:H7.The total antioxidant activity was found to be close to the reference compounds.The twenty-two phenolic and flavonoid chemical compounds(gallic acid,gentisic acid,protocatechuic acid,proto-catechualdehyde,4-OH-benzoic acid,salicylic acid,chlorogenic acid,cafeic acid,p-coumaric acid,ferulic acid,rosmarinic acid,sinapic acid,trans-cinnamic acid,rutin,resveratrol,myricetin,naringenin,quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,apigenin,and chrysin)were identified by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer(LC-MS/MS)and these molecules were analyzed by computational analyses using SwissADME,admetSAR 3.0 and the AntiBac-Pred web tool.In addition,the antibacterial efficacy of sumac fruit extracts was tested on mixed Mediterranean salad samples to evaluate the shelf-life enhancing effect.The efficacy of sumac fruit against common foodborne pathogens suggests that the ethnobotanical use of sumac may provide protection against bacterial diseases and can be utilized as an additive and/or ingredient in the food industry.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Graduate Student Research and Innovation Programme(KYCX24_4019).
文摘With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards,healthy,safe and food without addition of chemically synthesized preservatives has become more and more accepted by consumers in recent years.Researchers’attention is now being directed on the use of cutting-edge natural antibacterial agents to ensure food safety.Xanthohumol(XN),an isoprene flavonoid found in hops has received much attention from researchers due to broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties.In addition,XN alone or in combination with other bacteriostatic agents inhibited the growth of spoilage microorganisms.Brewery residues can also be a source of XN and emerging technologies and alternative solvents allow for higher extraction rates,therefore has the potential to be used as natural preservative in the food industry,This review summarizes the inhibition of XN on different spoilage microorganisms,including bacteria and fungi,its green and economic feasibility in the food industry,and its antibacterial effect in different application forms,to discover its potential application as a natural preservative in food.For its future application and development,the molecular mechanism of its inhi-bition of microorganisms remains to be explored.
基金The authors express their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Faisal University under project no.[KFU242063]for supporting this work.
文摘The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)foodborne pathogens presents a critical and growing threat to global food safety,endangering millions of lives annually.Essential oils(EOs)have garnered significant attention as natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobials,demonstrating robust antibacterial activity against diverse MDR pathogens.This review delves into the multifaceted antibacterial mechanisms of EOs,including their ability to disrupt cell membranes and inhibit vital metabolic processes.Notably,combining EOs often yields synergistic effects,reducing the required concentrations for efficacy,though occasional antagonistic interactions warrant further investigation.Advances such as EO-nanoparticle integration have amplified their antimicrobial potency,with nanoencapsulation techniques extending food product shelf life and enhancing controlled release.Furthermore,in silico tools have emerged as powerful predictors of synergistic EO combinations,offering high accuracy and efficiency.Despite these promising developments,critical challenges persist,including the optimization of EO formulations,mitigation of sensory impacts,assurance of long-term safety in diverse food systems,and the establishment of clear regulatory and scalability pathways.This review also addresses challenges,such as organoleptic properties and legal frameworks,essential for successful EO adoption in the food industry.By combining EOs with emerging technologies,this work underscores their immense potential to revolutionize food preservation,improve safety,and combat the public health risks posed by MDR pathogens.
文摘Foodborne pathogens pose a serious threat to food safety,and micro-confocal Raman spectroscopy is emerging as a promising method for the rapid detection and identification of them.However,the high degree of similarity in the biochemical composition of different foodborne pathogens,particularly among the serotypes of the same genus,degrades the identification accuracy.To address this challenge,we optimized multiple machine learning methods based on Raman spectroscopy and performed a thorough comparative study on them for the discrimination and prediction of seven types of foodborne pathogens originating from five different genera.The results indicated that the improved clustering algorithms can identify phylogenetic relationships among pathogens,and the designed dual-scale Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model achieved a superior identification performance,with a prediction accuracy exceeding 98.4%.These optimized machine-learning-driven Raman spectroscopy methods are expected to become a promising tool for the rapid detection of microbial contamination in food.
文摘Foodborne pathogens are subjected to various stress conditions such as those found in food environments and those applied as bactericidal processes.These diverse stress conditions can significantly influence the survival,adaptation,and virulence of pathogens in food systems.It is widely recognized that foodborne pathogens adapt to these conditions by increasing their resistance.Given that foodborne pathogens frequently contaminate food samples and are exposed to these stress conditions,understanding how these pathogens respond to such stresses is crucial.This review delves into the different aspects of foodborne pathogens encountering low temperature,osmotic stress,acidic stress,oxidative stress,and bactericidal treatments.Emphasis is placed on recent advances in transcriptomic analysis,particularly RNA sequencing,which has emerged as a powerful tool for elucidating global gene expression changes during stress adaptation.Even though RNA sequencing has been widely used in recent studies,meticulous experimental setup is essential for conducting such research.One of the challenges in studying the stress response of foodborne pathogens lies in the variation of response among strains.While certain genes may commonly express under specific stress conditions,generalizing this pattern proves difficult as complex factors also influence the phenomena.Furthermore,this review highlights the interplay between transcriptomic changes and phenotypic outcomes,underscoring the need for integrated multi-omics approaches to fully understand stress adaptation mechanisms.Hence,more refined and extensive experiments are warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the stress response exhibited by foodborne pathogens.
基金funded by a Scientific Research Project from the Hunan Provincial Department of Education(23C0201)the Excellent Youth Program of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(23B0561)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ7137,2024JJ7133).
文摘Background:Developing highly sensitive,simple,and rapid detection techniques for the accurate detection of foodborne pathogens is critical for food safety.This study designed a microfluidic chip integrating recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)and colloidal gold lateral chromatography for the visual detection of three high-risk foodborne pathogens:Escherichia coli O157:H7,Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP),and Vibrio cholerae(VC).Methods:A lateral flow microfluidic chip was fabricated by integrating a chromatography test strip with a laser-ablated microfluidic structure.RPA primers targeting the rfbE gene of E.coli O157:H7,the toxR gene of VP,and the ctxA gene of V.cholerae were designed.The RPA products were validated by agarose gel electrophoresis,followed by optimization of the primer concentration,temperature,and reaction time.Results:The chip detected pathogens via RPA(at 40℃for 20 min)and a visual readout was obtained within 10 min,achieving 102 CFU/mL detection sensitivity for all three pathogens with high specificity,reproducibility,and stability.Conclusion:This microfluidic chip-based method enables portable on-site foodborne pathogen detection without the need for costly thermal cyclers/signal readers,thereby maintaining accuracy and affordability.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22236002)Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Market Supervision Administration(SZSJ2022001).
文摘Foodborne pathogens cause diseases in humans.The traditional methods of detecting foodborne pathogens are time-consuming.The lateral flow immunoassay(LFIA)has become a widely used detection platform for onsite testing of various foodborne pathogens due to its time-efficiency,cost-effectiveness,portability,and ease of use.With the development of novel nanomaterials,the sensitivity of the LFIA has improved tremendously compared with traditional colorimetric LFIA sensors.This review first summarizes the principles and corresponding formats of the LFIA.Then,a detailed classification of nanomaterial label(e.g.,metallic,carbon and selenium,fluorescent,and magnetic nanoparticles)synthesis,signal amplification strategy,and detection principles are discussed as related to food safety.Subsequently,the LFIA used in the detection of pathogenic bacteria,including Escherichia coli,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,and Salmonella,are classified and summarized.Multiple signal modes have been explored that improve the sensitivity of foodborne pathogen detection.Further improvement should focus on the design and preparation of high signal-to-noise ratio nanomaterials to achieve highly sensitive detection,and multitarget and multimode sensing.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272424)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030005)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory(2020B121201009)Guangdong Academy of Sciences Special Project for Capacity Building of Innovation Driven Development(2020GDASYL-20200401002).
文摘Biofilms containing foodborne pathogens can adhere to food ingredients or food processing equipment.Due to their enhanced resilience to cleaning and chance of cross-contamination,there is an increased risk of food poisoning to consumers.The life course of biofilms is generally thought to be regulated by a quorum sensing(QS)system by secreted autoinducing peptides(AIPs).Recent studies have revealed that small non-coding RNA(sRNA)also plays an important role in regulating biofilm formation at the post-transcriptional level.Moreover,sRNA can act as an intermediate regulating hub between the quorum sensing system and biofilm.This review summarizes the latest findings on sRNA in biofilms of common foodborne pathogens and their potential impact.We also highlight the different mechanism of cascade regulation of sRNA and QS system in biofilm formation in several typical foodborne pathogens.In this process,sRNA responds to dynamic external environmental signals finely and accurately,and can feedback information on the bacterial cell environment to modify the QS system.These findings will deepen our understanding of biofilm formation and provide new perspectives for eliminating biofilm of foodborne pathogens based on the cascade regulation of small RNA and QS for developing biofilm-free food-processing systems.
基金supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan(grant PM IPFP/HRD/HEC/2011/353).
文摘Objectives:Growing trend of street-vended food in underdeveloped countries offers low-cost food to many sections of population.Although it provides job opportunities to many urban dwellers,several health hazards are associated with this business.The present study investigates the burden of foodborne pathogens in Ready-To-Eat(RTE)beverages in relation to vending practices among street vendors of Rawalpindi City,Pakistan according to standardized methods and protocols.Materials and Methods:Six densely populated locations of Rawalpindi city were selected.Commonly consumed sugar cane juice(SCJ)and tamarind prune(dried plums)drink(TPD)(locally called as Imli Alu Bukhara sherbet)from five vendors from each location were chosen in summer season where the temperature reaches above 40℃.Mean and the standard deviation were obtained by univariate and bivariate analyses.Association between the study variables was assessed through cross-tabulations,chi-square,and correlation tests.Results:All the samples were found unsatisfactory in comparison to guidelines of aerobic plate count.Total coliform was observed in 86.7 per cent of SCJ and 70.0 per cent of TPD samples.Fourteen samples of SCJ exceeded the limit of>1100 MPN/ml value,whereas samples of TPD exceeded this limit for Escherichia coli.All of SCJ and 93.3 per cent of TPD samples depicted the presence of Salmonella aureus.Salmonella spp.were found significantly high in 73.3 per cent samples of SCJ and 23.3 per cent samples of TPD.Conclusions:The incidence of high bioloads attributes towards a potential reservoir of foodborne pathogens due to unhygienic vending practices.
文摘Objective: To refine the infectious doses of enteric bacterial pathogens in animal assays and vaccine clinical trials by studying the invasion kinetics of five bacterial pathogens with human intestinal cells.Methods: Utilizing in vitro cultured cell invasion assays with gentamicin-killing step,the invasive effects were analyzed in foodborne pathogens including Salmonella,Shigella, Yersinia, Escherichia coli(E. coli) O157 and opportunistic pathogens Citrobacter in human embryonic intestine 407 cells and ileocecum HCT-8 cells at multiplicities of infection(MOIs) of 0.04–4 000.00 E. coli HS served as a noninvasive control.Results: The study results showed that the bacterial invasive efficiency and the average number of internalized bacteria per host cell changed with different starting MOIs. Higher starting MOIs did not always produce more bacterial internalization. The bacterial invasion effects varied with different bacterial strains and host cell lines. E. coli O157:H7 did invade human ileocecum HCT-8 cells.Conclusions: This study shows that these bacteria possess different invasive patterns at various starting MOIs and also in different cell lines. The results could help to figure out the appropriate infectious doses of the bacteria in animal assays and in vaccine clinical trials. The bacterial invasion kinetics is also valuable in evaluating the safety and efficacy of live attenuated bacterial vaccines.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3204703)the China Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(BX20230400).
文摘Intestinal infections affect approximately 450 million people globally,predominantly impacting children and immunocompromised individuals in lowand middle-income countries(LMICs)due to inadequate water,sanitation,and hygiene(WASH)conditions,poverty,malnutrition,and low literacy.In Kenya,the prevalence of intestinal infections is elevated by warm tropical climates and socioeconomic factors.This scoping review evaluates the national prevalence,risk factors,and contamination sources of intestinal protozoa in Kenya,using a One Health approach to synthesize existing data from various human,animal,and environmental studies.A comprehensive literature search identified 292 studies,of which 67 met the inclusion criteria,covering the period from 1966 to 2024.The review found that most studies utilized stool microscopy,a method with limited sensitivity,and largely focused on vulnerable human populations,with minimal investigation into environmental reservoirs.Key protozoa identified included Entamoeba histolytica,Cryptosporidium,and Giardia,with transmission driven by poor WASH conditions,environmental factors,and close humananimal interactions.The findings highlight significant gaps in environmental surveillance and suggest the need for a robust,integrated One Health approach to better understand and control protozoan infections in Kenya.
基金funded by grants PID2019-105311RB-I00(MICIU/AEI/FEDER,UE,Spain)to P.García and A.RodríguezAYUD/2021/52120(Program of Science,Technology and Innovation 2021-2023 and FEDER EU,Principado de Asturias,Spain)。
文摘Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed food,natural antimicrobial agents offer a promising strategy to replace conventional compounds.In this regard,phage lytic proteins or lysins,such as endolysins and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases(VAPGHs),have been proposed as a viable option for the avoidance and elimination of undesirable bacteria within the food production chain.Even when applied exogenously,these proteins can degrade the bacterial cell wall maintaining their lytic activity.This feature,alongside their modular structure,which can be exploited for bioengineering,provides significant biotechnological potential.However,despite the promising properties of lysins,the main obstacle for their commercialization is the limited legal information regulating their use.This challenge underscores the need to navigate complex regulatory pathways.The primary objective of this review is to address this crucial gap and summarize the many prospective applications of endolysins during the different stages of food production.By doing so,we aim to provide clarity and insight into the regulatory challenges that must be overcome for the successful utilization of lysins.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 32471775(K.N).
文摘Endophytic lactic acid bacteria(LAB)live within plant tissues and possess habitat-adaptive advantages in plant fermentation.Here,we investigated the effects of two endophytic LAB strains-Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus-isolated from alfalfa and exhibiting inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli,Listeria monocytogenes,and Aspergillus flavus,on the nutrition,microbial community structure and biosafety of fermented alfalfa.L.plantarum,from a genus enriched during spontaneous fermentation,promoted early microbial specialization and enhanced fermentation quality by upregulating carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.The metabolic characteristics of microbial communities dominated by P.pentosaceus were different.Co-inoculating exhibited a balanced metabolic profile,further simplified microbial network complexity and inhibited micro-organisms associated with biofilm formation and pathogenicity.These findings support a co-inoculation strategy using ecologically competitive and functionally synergistic LAB from native microbiota to optimize microbial dynamics and biosafety in plant-based fermentation.
基金funded by the Research Council of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura,Sri Lanka,under the research grant number:ASP/01/RE/TEC/2022/83.
文摘This study evaluated the fermentation potential and antagonistic activity of four probiotic Lactobacillus strains(L.rhamnosus CWKu-12,L.plantarum CWJ3,L.paracasei CWKu14,and L.casei CWM15)isolated from Cocos nucifera L.var.nana water.Among them,L.plantarum CWJ3 demonstrated the most promising fermentation characteristics,with a stable growth rate and high viable cell productivity.L.plantarum CWJ3 produced elevated levels of lactic acid(7.48±0.98 mg mL^(-1))and acetic acid(0.18±0.02 mg mL^(-1))in the fermented coconut water,as quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Furthermore,all Lactobacillus strains exhibited significant antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Staphylococcus aureus.After 48 h of combined fermentation,Lactobacillus strains remained viable,while the cell density of the pathogens declined significantly.Volatile metabolite analysis of coconut water samples fermented with combined cultures of Lactobacillus strains and pathogens,using solid-phase microextraction(SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),revealed the production of diverse antimicrobial compounds,including acetic acid,octanoic acid,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,esters,and phenolic compounds.Acidification,resulting from the production of organic acid,was identified as the primary mechanism of pathogen inhibition.Notably,L.plantarum CWJ3 and L.rhamnosus CWKu-12 produced the highest percentage of volatile acetic acid(13%-14%relative peak area),strengthening their antimicrobial effects along with lactic acid.Additionally,all strains effectively reduced polyphenol oxidase activity and controlled enzymatic browning in coconut water.Overall,L.plantarum CWJ3,followed by L.rhamnosus CWKu-12,emerged as strong candidates for food biopreservatives due to their antimicrobial efficacy and antibrowning properties.
文摘Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis,a fatal disease.It is widely distributed in various foods and environmental sources.In this review,we focused on addressing PCR-based technologies,including conventional PCR,qPCR and droplet digital PCR(ddPCR).Specifically,we described(a)conventional PCR and mono-,duplex-and multiplex-qPCR methodologies;(b)development and applications of gene HlyA-,Iap-,PrfA–and SsrA-based conventional and qPCR assays as well as PCR assays targeting newly identified gene targets for specific detection of L.monocytogenes;differentiation of viable from dead L.monocytogenes by qPCR in conjugation with propidium monoazide pretreatment;PCR-based serotype identification of L.monocytogenes isolates;PCR-based detection of L.ivanovii,infecting ruminants,differentiation of L.monocytogenes from other Listeria species;and sigB-gene based PCR identification of Listeria spp;(c)applications of ddPCR in detection of L.monocytogenes;and(d)application of qPCR assays in detection and subtyping of L.monocytogenes in milk and dairy products;meats,meat products and meat-processing environment;and seafood,seafood products and processing environment.Our goal was to provide a relatively comprehensive overview of PCR-based methodologies available in detection,characterization and subtyping of various strains of L.monocytogenes in foods and environmental sources.
