Food-borne pathogens are an important challenge for the food industry.In this study,the possibility of using the previously designed and synthesized antimicrobial peptide HX-12C as a new food antimicrobial was evaluat...Food-borne pathogens are an important challenge for the food industry.In this study,the possibility of using the previously designed and synthesized antimicrobial peptide HX-12C as a new food antimicrobial was evaluated.Bacteriostatic and bactericidal tests showed that HX-12C has strong,rapid and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Outer-and inner-membrane permeabilization assays revealed that HX-12C killed food-borne pathogens by inducing membrane permeability.Further Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)also showed that HX-12C can distinctively act on the bacterial membrane leading to the leakage of cellular contents.Moreover,HX-12C also showed anti-biofilm ability in bacterial killing tests.In the food storage test,HX-12C exhibited significant antimicrobial function in raw pork and orange juice.Therefore,HX-12C has shown great potential as a new antimicrobial agent in food storage.展开更多
Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dyn...Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities,potential bacterial pathogens,and ARG profiles under various organicmaterial treatments during RSD,including distillers’grains,potato peel,peanut vine,and peanut vine combined with charcoal.Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens(P<0.05).The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6%after RSD treatments,the main decreased ARG subtypeswere AAC(3)_Via,dfrA1,ErmB,lnuB,aadA.Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD.Soil physicochemical properties,such as total nitrogen,soil pH,total carbon,were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles.Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.展开更多
Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed dur...Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.展开更多
The sustainable development of aquaculture industry is deeply constrained by pathogens and diseases,and traditional detection methods are difficult to adapt to the needs of intensive aquaculture due to low efficiency ...The sustainable development of aquaculture industry is deeply constrained by pathogens and diseases,and traditional detection methods are difficult to adapt to the needs of intensive aquaculture due to low efficiency and insufficient sensitivity.This article reviews the progress of rapid detection technology for aquatic pathogens based on molecular biology,immunology,biosensors,etc.,and analyzes the application value of innovative methods such as isothermal amplification and CRISPR.This technology injects core momentum into the new quality productivity of fisheries through early and precise identification of pathogens:reducing aquaculture losses to improve resource efficiency,promoting the transformation of aquaculture models to data-driven,ensuring the safety of aquatic products to enhance the competitiveness of the industry chain.The current technology has shortcomings such as lagging standardization,weak on-site anti-interference ability,and insufficient recognition of new pathogens.In the future,we need to focus on technological integration and innovation,intelligent upgrading,and standardization construction,promote technology from laboratories to industrial applications,and provide continuous support for the high-quality development of fisheries.展开更多
In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have promp...In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have prompted a search for alternative options.Plant natural products(PNPs)with antimicrobial activity are being explored as a viable alternative.Among the various antimicrobial natural products studied,plant essential oils,plant flavonoids,plant polyphenols,plant polysaccharides,and plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified as potential candidates.PNPs demonstrate a diverse array of antimicrobial mechanisms,encompassing cell wall and membrane damage,interference with genetic replication,disruption of energy metabolism,and induction of oxidative stress at the single-cell level,as well as inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing at the population level.Certain PNPs have been harnessed as natural antimicrobial agents for the food preservation.The utilization of encapsulation technology proves to be an effective strategy in protecting PNPs,thereby ensuring good antimicrobial efficacy,enhanced dispersibility,and controlled release within food products.The utilization of nanoemulsions,nanoliposomes,edible packaging,electrospun nanofibers,and microcapsules formed by encapsulation has enriched the ways in which PNPs can be applied in food preservation.Although PNPs have great potential in food preservation,their widespread application in the food industry is currently constrained by factors such as production costs,safety concerns,and legal considerations.Chemical synthesis and biosynthesis pathways offer viable strategies for reducing the cost of producing PNPs,and ongoing efforts to assess safety and improve regulatory frameworks are likely to facilitate the broader adoption of PNPs in food preservation practices.This article provides an overview of the main types of PNPs with antimicrobial activity and their properties,focusing on their mechanisms of action.Additionally,it summarizes the use of PNPs in food preservation and discusses the characteristics and applications of different encapsulation technologies.Lastly,the paper briefly analyzes current limitations and proposes potential future trends for this field.展开更多
Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria...Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria.Viral-bacterial co-infections,which have become increasingly common and a global concern,can lead to substantial complications,causing higher morbidity and adverse prognosis[2].Previous studies have reported low positive detection rates of targeted pathogens related to acute respiratory infections,owing to the limited number of detected pathogens and variations in the sensitivity of diagnostic methods[3-4].Low positive detection rates may impede our understanding of respiratory pathogen characteristics and hamper the development of precise treatment and prevention strategies.展开更多
Food-producing animals are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter species, non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and Listeria m...Food-producing animals are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter species, non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The zoonotic potential of foodborne pathogens and their ability to produce toxins causing diseases or even death are sufficient to recognize the seriousness of the situation. This manuscript reviews the evidence that links animals as vehicles of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella,Campylobacter, Shiga toxigenic E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, their impact, and their current status. We conclude that these pathogenic bacteria will continue causing outbreaks and deaths throughout the world, because no effective interventions have eliminated them from animals and food.展开更多
Due to the increasing number of food-borne diseases,more attention is being paid to food safety.Food-borne pathogens are the main cause of food-borne diseases,which seriously endanger human health,so it is necessary t...Due to the increasing number of food-borne diseases,more attention is being paid to food safety.Food-borne pathogens are the main cause of food-borne diseases,which seriously endanger human health,so it is necessary to detect and control them.Traditional detection methods cannot meet the requirements of rapid detection of food due to many shortcomings,such as being time-consuming,laborious or requiring expensive instrumentation.Quantum dots have become a promising nanotechnology in pathogens tracking and detection because of their excellent optical properties.New biosensor detection methods based on quantum dots are have been gradually developed due to their high sensitivity and high specificity.In this review,we summarize the different characteristics of quantum dots synthesized by carbon,heavy metals and composite materials firstly.Then,attention is paid to the principles,advantages and limitations of the quantum dots biosensor with antibodies and aptamers as recognition elements for recognition and capture of food-borne pathogens.Finally,the great potential of quantum dots in pathogen detection is summarized.展开更多
Dictyophora rubrovalvata is an edible fungus with rich nutritional value.It contains various nutrients and bioactive components,and has immunomodulation,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,anti-fatigue,anti-aging,anti-inflammat...Dictyophora rubrovalvata is an edible fungus with rich nutritional value.It contains various nutrients and bioactive components,and has immunomodulation,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,anti-fatigue,anti-aging,anti-inflammation and alcoholic hepatitis-protection effects.With the continuous expansion of planting area of Dictyophora,the disease problem has become a major problem affecting the development of Dictyophora industry.In this paper,the pathogens,harmful symptoms and causes of main diseases in Dictyophora were summarized,so as to provide reference for comprehensive control of Dictyophora diseases and promote the high-quality development of Dictyophora industry.展开更多
In recent years, researchers tended to bring new alternative to biological protective systems used in conservation of food and production of safe food. Use of bacteriophage against to pathogen bacteria in food was the...In recent years, researchers tended to bring new alternative to biological protective systems used in conservation of food and production of safe food. Use of bacteriophage against to pathogen bacteria in food was the most hopeful system in these methods about bio-control. Controls of bacteriophage for each pathogen species and subspecies and determination of phage-host originality are important because efficient bio-control was achieved. Researches concentrated on some food-borne pathogen bacteria such as E. coli O157：H7, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Listeria. In a consequence of these studies made as in vitro and in vivo, first commercial production of phage which will be used in foods was made in Netherlands. Also, it has been informed that use of phage is cost-efficient alternative as compared with other preservatives. This review, discussed application of bacteriophages as bio-control agents in food and advantages and disadvantages about uses of bacteriophages by taking into account antimicrobial characteristics of them.展开更多
Method: In Cameroon limited data are available regarding the prevalence of enteric bacteria associated with table egg consuming infections. As such, a situational-based study was performed in patients with complains o...Method: In Cameroon limited data are available regarding the prevalence of enteric bacteria associated with table egg consuming infections. As such, a situational-based study was performed in patients with complains of stomach disorders after egg consumption. Data related to sociodemographic characteristics and other factors were collected using a structured based questionnaire. Stool culture of utmost importance in stomach disorders patients and serum were collected for typhoid serological test. Results: A total of 207 participants took part in the survey, Results indicated nontyphoidal Salmonella infections were highest in the 3 areas of study with Mfoundi (73.44%) having the highest level of infection compared to other bacterial infection. other enteric bacteria associated to this infection were E. coli serotype 157, Aeromonas, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloaca and typhi salmonella. Meanwhile salmonelosis caused by typhic salmonella had highest prevalence in the Lekie Division (13.11%) as a result of poor hygienic practices associated with the conservation and preparation of eggs, Stool culture was observed to detect more positive cases in the diagnosis of typhoid fever than Widal test, but with no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference between the stool culture and Widal test in the 3 areas of study. Conclusion: this study revealed that egg consumers are pruned to enteric bacterial and salmonella infections depending on how and where egg is consumed.展开更多
Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid ...Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive mortality.etiological research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial pathogens.Comprehensive data on shrimp disease statuses remain limited.In this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens.We examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse diseases.After excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal agents.Due to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional genes.This review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.展开更多
Study Objective: The purpose of the study is to present independent laboratory testing for a novel technology in air and on surfaces. Since 2020, public health goals have focused on improving indoor air quality. This ...Study Objective: The purpose of the study is to present independent laboratory testing for a novel technology in air and on surfaces. Since 2020, public health goals have focused on improving indoor air quality. This includes protection from airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, common cold or influenza viruses, measles, and others. Engineering controls are highly effective at reducing hazardous pathogens found in indoor air and from recontamination of surfaces. This occurs from a continuous cycle of settling of small, sustained airborne pathogens, which may become dehumidified, becoming airborne again, carried by room air currents around indoor spaces, then repeating the cycle. Methods: The novel technology utilizes a catalytic process to produce safe levels of hydrogen peroxide gas that are effective in reducing pathogens in the air and on surfaces. Air testing was performed with the MS2 bacteriophage, the test organism for ASHRAE standard 241, and methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Surface testing was performed with SARS-COV-2 (Coronavirus COVID-19) and H1N1 (Influenza). Typical ventilation and filtration does not effectively remove disbursed pathogens from the entire facility, due to inconsistent air circulation and surface deposits of pathogens. Results: MS2 was reduced by 99.9%;MRSA was reduced by 99.9%;SARS-CoV-2 was reduced by 99.9%;H1N1 was reduced by 99.9%. Conclusion: This novel catalytic converter reduces a variety of pathogens in the air (99%) and on surfaces (99%), by actively disinfecting with the introduction of gaseous hydrogen peroxide. This active disinfection provides a strong solution for protecting the entire facility and its occupants.展开更多
Fungicides are an indispensable tool in plant disease control.Various modes of action(MOAs)have been identified in different fungicides to suppress plant pathogens.The combined use of fungicides with distinct MOAs has...Fungicides are an indispensable tool in plant disease control.Various modes of action(MOAs)have been identified in different fungicides to suppress plant pathogens.The combined use of fungicides with distinct MOAs has been recommended to prevent the development of pathogen resistance.In studying MOAs,metabolomics has been proven to be a robust and high-throughput method.Because metabolites are unique and distinct depending on the biological activities of an organism,MOAs can be identified and classified by establishing metabolic fingerprinting and metabolic profiles.Similarly,if fungicide resistance is developed in a pathogen,the metabolome will change,which can be identified.In this review,we have discussed the principles and advanced applications of metabolomics in the study of MOAs and resistance mechanisms of fungicides,and the potential of metabolic data in understanding the interaction between fungicides and pathogens.Challenges are also discussed in the application of metabolomics,improvement of the study on the mechanism of fungicides in their functions against pathogens and advancing the development of novel fungicides.展开更多
The Salmonella pathogenicity islands(SPIs) play crucial roles in the progression of Salmonella infection. In this study, we constructed an improved λ Red homologous recombination system to prepare single and triple d...The Salmonella pathogenicity islands(SPIs) play crucial roles in the progression of Salmonella infection. In this study, we constructed an improved λ Red homologous recombination system to prepare single and triple deletion mutants of 3 prominent SPIs(SPI-1, 2, and 3), aiming at the impact of deletion on morphology, carbon source metabolism, adhesion and invasion capacity, in vivo colonization, and immune efficacy in chicks. Our examination revealed that the surface of the single deletion mutants(SM6ΔSPI1, ΔSPI2, and ΔSPI3) exhibited a more rugged texture and appeared to be enveloped in a layer of transparent colloid, whereas the morphology of the triple deletion mutant(SM6ΔSPI1&2&3) remained unaltered when compared to the parent strain. The carbon metabolic spectrum of the SPI mutants underwent profound alterations, with a notable and statistically significant modification observed in 30 out of 95 carbon sources, primarily carbohydrates(17 out of 30). Furthermore, the adhesion capacity of the 4 mutants to Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced when compared to that of the parent strain. Moreover,the invasion capacity of mutants SM6ΔSPI1 and SM6ΔSPI1&2&3 exhibited a substantial decrease, while it was enhanced to varying degrees for SM6ΔSPI3 and SM6ΔSPI2. Importantly, none of the 4 mutants induced any clinical symptoms in the chicks. However, they did transiently colonize the spleen and liver. Notably, the SM6ΔSPI1&2&3mutant was rapidly cleared from both the spleen and liver within 8 days post-infection and no notable pathological changes were observed in the organs. Additionally, when challenged, the mutants immunized groups displayed a significant increase in antibody levels and alterations in the CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ subpopulations, and the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines in the SM6ΔSPI1&2&3 immunized chicken serum surpassed those of other groups.In summary, the successful construction of the 4 SPI mutants lays the groundwork for further exploration into the pathogenic(including metabolic) mechanisms of SPIs and the development of safe and effective live attenuated Salmonella vaccines or carriers.展开更多
Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by t...Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)technology has emerged as a pivotal tool in the field of pathogen detection due to its high sensitivity,strong specificity,operational convenience,and adaptability to complex biological sa...Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)technology has emerged as a pivotal tool in the field of pathogen detection due to its high sensitivity,strong specificity,operational convenience,and adaptability to complex biological samples.This paper systematically elucidates the fundamental mechanisms and classification characteristics of ECL technology,with a particular focus on its applications in detecting nucleic acids,proteins,metabolites,and drug-resistant mutants of pathogenic microorganisms.Through comparative analysis with traditional detection methods,the technological advantages and suitable scenarios of ECL are highlighted.Furthermore,this paper delves into the existing challenges of ECL technology in clinical applications,providing a theoretical basis for advancing its translational use in pathogen diagnostics.展开更多
Background:New variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continue to drive global epidemics and pose significant health risks.The pathogenicity of these variants evolves under immune press...Background:New variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continue to drive global epidemics and pose significant health risks.The pathogenicity of these variants evolves under immune pressure and host factors.Understanding these changes is crucial for epidemic control and variant research.Methods:Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)transgenic mice were in-tranasally challenged with the original strain WH-09 and the variants Delta,Beta,and Omicron BA.1,while BALB/c mice were challenged with Omicron subvariants BA.5,BF.7,and XBB.1.To compare the pathogenicity differences among variants,we con-ducted a comprehensive analysis that included clinical symptom observation,meas-urement of viral loads in the trachea and lungs,evaluation of pulmonary pathology,analysis of immune cell infiltration,and quantification of cytokine levels.Results:In hACE2 mice,the Beta variant caused significant weight loss,severe lung inflammation,increased inflammatory and chemotactic factor secretion,greater mac-rophage and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs,and higher viral loads with prolonged shedding duration.In contrast,BA.1 showed a significant reduction in pathogenicity.The BA.5,BF.7,and XBB.1 variants were less pathogenic than the WH-09,Beta,and Delta variants when infected in BALB/c mice.This was evidenced by reduced weight loss,diminished pulmonary pathology,decreased secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines,reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration,as well as lower viral loads in both the trachea and lungs.Conclusion:In hACE2 mice,the Omicron variant demonstrated the lowest pathogenic-ity,while the Beta variant exhibited the highest.Pathogenicity of the Delta variant was comparable to the original WH-09 strain.Among BALB/c mice,Omicron subvari-ants BA.5,BF.7,and XBB.1 showed no statistically significant differences in virulence.展开更多
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is an autosomal dominant inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy.It is one of the chief causes of sudden cardiac death in younger people and athletes.Mole...Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is an autosomal dominant inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy.It is one of the chief causes of sudden cardiac death in younger people and athletes.Molecular-genetic studies have confirmed that the vast majority of HCM is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins.HCM has a relatively wide phenotypic heterogeneity,varying from asymptomatic to sudden cardiac death,because of the many different mutations and pathogenic genes underlying it.Many studies have explored the clinical symptoms and prognosis of HCM,emphasizing the importance of genotype in evaluating patient prognosis and guiding the clinical management of HCM.To elaborate the main pathogenic genes and phenotypic prognosis in HCM to promote a better understanding of this genetic disease.Retrospective analysis of literature to evaluate the association between underlying gene mutations and clinical phenotypes in HCM patients.As sequencing technology advances,the pathogenic gene mutation spectrum and phenotypic characteristics of HCM are gradually becoming clearer.HCM is a widespread inherited disease with a highly variable clinical phenotype.The precise mechanisms linking known pathogenic gene mutations and the clinical course of this heterogeneous condition remain elusive.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015BAD16B01)Tianjin Key Technology Research and Development Support Program (13ZCDNC01900)
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program"Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation"(2021YFE0192100),ChinaThe Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(21B0736 and 19A192).
文摘Food-borne pathogens are an important challenge for the food industry.In this study,the possibility of using the previously designed and synthesized antimicrobial peptide HX-12C as a new food antimicrobial was evaluated.Bacteriostatic and bactericidal tests showed that HX-12C has strong,rapid and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Outer-and inner-membrane permeabilization assays revealed that HX-12C killed food-borne pathogens by inducing membrane permeability.Further Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)also showed that HX-12C can distinctively act on the bacterial membrane leading to the leakage of cellular contents.Moreover,HX-12C also showed anti-biofilm ability in bacterial killing tests.In the food storage test,HX-12C exhibited significant antimicrobial function in raw pork and orange juice.Therefore,HX-12C has shown great potential as a new antimicrobial agent in food storage.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No 2021CXGC010803)Pan’an County Chinese Medicine Industry Project(No.PZYF202103).
文摘Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities,potential bacterial pathogens,and ARG profiles under various organicmaterial treatments during RSD,including distillers’grains,potato peel,peanut vine,and peanut vine combined with charcoal.Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens(P<0.05).The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6%after RSD treatments,the main decreased ARG subtypeswere AAC(3)_Via,dfrA1,ErmB,lnuB,aadA.Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD.Soil physicochemical properties,such as total nitrogen,soil pH,total carbon,were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles.Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFC1600702)the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development of China(2020JH6/10500002).
文摘Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.
基金supported by the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-45-33)Innovation Team of Tianjin Freshwater Aquaculture Industry Technology System(ITTFRS2021000-002,ITTFRS2021000-001)+1 种基金Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(24KPHDRC00280,24ZYCGSN00250,23YDTPJC00420)the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology,MNR(No.2023klootA03).
文摘The sustainable development of aquaculture industry is deeply constrained by pathogens and diseases,and traditional detection methods are difficult to adapt to the needs of intensive aquaculture due to low efficiency and insufficient sensitivity.This article reviews the progress of rapid detection technology for aquatic pathogens based on molecular biology,immunology,biosensors,etc.,and analyzes the application value of innovative methods such as isothermal amplification and CRISPR.This technology injects core momentum into the new quality productivity of fisheries through early and precise identification of pathogens:reducing aquaculture losses to improve resource efficiency,promoting the transformation of aquaculture models to data-driven,ensuring the safety of aquatic products to enhance the competitiveness of the industry chain.The current technology has shortcomings such as lagging standardization,weak on-site anti-interference ability,and insufficient recognition of new pathogens.In the future,we need to focus on technological integration and innovation,intelligent upgrading,and standardization construction,promote technology from laboratories to industrial applications,and provide continuous support for the high-quality development of fisheries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060520)Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province(202105AF150049)University Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Resources and Utilization in Yunnan Province(Yunjiaofa[2018]No.135).
文摘In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have prompted a search for alternative options.Plant natural products(PNPs)with antimicrobial activity are being explored as a viable alternative.Among the various antimicrobial natural products studied,plant essential oils,plant flavonoids,plant polyphenols,plant polysaccharides,and plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified as potential candidates.PNPs demonstrate a diverse array of antimicrobial mechanisms,encompassing cell wall and membrane damage,interference with genetic replication,disruption of energy metabolism,and induction of oxidative stress at the single-cell level,as well as inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing at the population level.Certain PNPs have been harnessed as natural antimicrobial agents for the food preservation.The utilization of encapsulation technology proves to be an effective strategy in protecting PNPs,thereby ensuring good antimicrobial efficacy,enhanced dispersibility,and controlled release within food products.The utilization of nanoemulsions,nanoliposomes,edible packaging,electrospun nanofibers,and microcapsules formed by encapsulation has enriched the ways in which PNPs can be applied in food preservation.Although PNPs have great potential in food preservation,their widespread application in the food industry is currently constrained by factors such as production costs,safety concerns,and legal considerations.Chemical synthesis and biosynthesis pathways offer viable strategies for reducing the cost of producing PNPs,and ongoing efforts to assess safety and improve regulatory frameworks are likely to facilitate the broader adoption of PNPs in food preservation practices.This article provides an overview of the main types of PNPs with antimicrobial activity and their properties,focusing on their mechanisms of action.Additionally,it summarizes the use of PNPs in food preservation and discusses the characteristics and applications of different encapsulation technologies.Lastly,the paper briefly analyzes current limitations and proposes potential future trends for this field.
基金supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project of the Beijing Science and Technology Commission(Z241100009024047)the High-Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan(lingjunrencai-01-02).
文摘Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria.Viral-bacterial co-infections,which have become increasingly common and a global concern,can lead to substantial complications,causing higher morbidity and adverse prognosis[2].Previous studies have reported low positive detection rates of targeted pathogens related to acute respiratory infections,owing to the limited number of detected pathogens and variations in the sensitivity of diagnostic methods[3-4].Low positive detection rates may impede our understanding of respiratory pathogen characteristics and hamper the development of precise treatment and prevention strategies.
文摘Food-producing animals are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter species, non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The zoonotic potential of foodborne pathogens and their ability to produce toxins causing diseases or even death are sufficient to recognize the seriousness of the situation. This manuscript reviews the evidence that links animals as vehicles of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella,Campylobacter, Shiga toxigenic E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, their impact, and their current status. We conclude that these pathogenic bacteria will continue causing outbreaks and deaths throughout the world, because no effective interventions have eliminated them from animals and food.
基金supported by the Breeding Plan of Shandong Provincial Qingchuang Research Team(2019-135)Qingdao science and technology project 21-l-4-sf-6-nsh,China.
文摘Due to the increasing number of food-borne diseases,more attention is being paid to food safety.Food-borne pathogens are the main cause of food-borne diseases,which seriously endanger human health,so it is necessary to detect and control them.Traditional detection methods cannot meet the requirements of rapid detection of food due to many shortcomings,such as being time-consuming,laborious or requiring expensive instrumentation.Quantum dots have become a promising nanotechnology in pathogens tracking and detection because of their excellent optical properties.New biosensor detection methods based on quantum dots are have been gradually developed due to their high sensitivity and high specificity.In this review,we summarize the different characteristics of quantum dots synthesized by carbon,heavy metals and composite materials firstly.Then,attention is paid to the principles,advantages and limitations of the quantum dots biosensor with antibodies and aptamers as recognition elements for recognition and capture of food-borne pathogens.Finally,the great potential of quantum dots in pathogen detection is summarized.
基金Supported by Guiyang Science and Technology Planning Project (ZKHT[2020]3-13).
文摘Dictyophora rubrovalvata is an edible fungus with rich nutritional value.It contains various nutrients and bioactive components,and has immunomodulation,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,anti-fatigue,anti-aging,anti-inflammation and alcoholic hepatitis-protection effects.With the continuous expansion of planting area of Dictyophora,the disease problem has become a major problem affecting the development of Dictyophora industry.In this paper,the pathogens,harmful symptoms and causes of main diseases in Dictyophora were summarized,so as to provide reference for comprehensive control of Dictyophora diseases and promote the high-quality development of Dictyophora industry.
文摘In recent years, researchers tended to bring new alternative to biological protective systems used in conservation of food and production of safe food. Use of bacteriophage against to pathogen bacteria in food was the most hopeful system in these methods about bio-control. Controls of bacteriophage for each pathogen species and subspecies and determination of phage-host originality are important because efficient bio-control was achieved. Researches concentrated on some food-borne pathogen bacteria such as E. coli O157：H7, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Listeria. In a consequence of these studies made as in vitro and in vivo, first commercial production of phage which will be used in foods was made in Netherlands. Also, it has been informed that use of phage is cost-efficient alternative as compared with other preservatives. This review, discussed application of bacteriophages as bio-control agents in food and advantages and disadvantages about uses of bacteriophages by taking into account antimicrobial characteristics of them.
文摘Method: In Cameroon limited data are available regarding the prevalence of enteric bacteria associated with table egg consuming infections. As such, a situational-based study was performed in patients with complains of stomach disorders after egg consumption. Data related to sociodemographic characteristics and other factors were collected using a structured based questionnaire. Stool culture of utmost importance in stomach disorders patients and serum were collected for typhoid serological test. Results: A total of 207 participants took part in the survey, Results indicated nontyphoidal Salmonella infections were highest in the 3 areas of study with Mfoundi (73.44%) having the highest level of infection compared to other bacterial infection. other enteric bacteria associated to this infection were E. coli serotype 157, Aeromonas, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloaca and typhi salmonella. Meanwhile salmonelosis caused by typhic salmonella had highest prevalence in the Lekie Division (13.11%) as a result of poor hygienic practices associated with the conservation and preparation of eggs, Stool culture was observed to detect more positive cases in the diagnosis of typhoid fever than Widal test, but with no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference between the stool culture and Widal test in the 3 areas of study. Conclusion: this study revealed that egg consumers are pruned to enteric bacterial and salmonella infections depending on how and where egg is consumed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371596,32071549)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2021C02062)+2 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(2021C02069-5-2)Key Project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2023S003)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project of Ningbo University(HZ202404)。
文摘Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive mortality.etiological research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial pathogens.Comprehensive data on shrimp disease statuses remain limited.In this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens.We examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse diseases.After excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal agents.Due to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional genes.This review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.
文摘Study Objective: The purpose of the study is to present independent laboratory testing for a novel technology in air and on surfaces. Since 2020, public health goals have focused on improving indoor air quality. This includes protection from airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, common cold or influenza viruses, measles, and others. Engineering controls are highly effective at reducing hazardous pathogens found in indoor air and from recontamination of surfaces. This occurs from a continuous cycle of settling of small, sustained airborne pathogens, which may become dehumidified, becoming airborne again, carried by room air currents around indoor spaces, then repeating the cycle. Methods: The novel technology utilizes a catalytic process to produce safe levels of hydrogen peroxide gas that are effective in reducing pathogens in the air and on surfaces. Air testing was performed with the MS2 bacteriophage, the test organism for ASHRAE standard 241, and methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Surface testing was performed with SARS-COV-2 (Coronavirus COVID-19) and H1N1 (Influenza). Typical ventilation and filtration does not effectively remove disbursed pathogens from the entire facility, due to inconsistent air circulation and surface deposits of pathogens. Results: MS2 was reduced by 99.9%;MRSA was reduced by 99.9%;SARS-CoV-2 was reduced by 99.9%;H1N1 was reduced by 99.9%. Conclusion: This novel catalytic converter reduces a variety of pathogens in the air (99%) and on surfaces (99%), by actively disinfecting with the introduction of gaseous hydrogen peroxide. This active disinfection provides a strong solution for protecting the entire facility and its occupants.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2022YFD1400900).
文摘Fungicides are an indispensable tool in plant disease control.Various modes of action(MOAs)have been identified in different fungicides to suppress plant pathogens.The combined use of fungicides with distinct MOAs has been recommended to prevent the development of pathogen resistance.In studying MOAs,metabolomics has been proven to be a robust and high-throughput method.Because metabolites are unique and distinct depending on the biological activities of an organism,MOAs can be identified and classified by establishing metabolic fingerprinting and metabolic profiles.Similarly,if fungicide resistance is developed in a pathogen,the metabolome will change,which can be identified.In this review,we have discussed the principles and advanced applications of metabolomics in the study of MOAs and resistance mechanisms of fungicides,and the potential of metabolic data in understanding the interaction between fungicides and pathogens.Challenges are also discussed in the application of metabolomics,improvement of the study on the mechanism of fungicides in their functions against pathogens and advancing the development of novel fungicides.
基金supported by the National KeyR&DProgramof China(2022YFF0710500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172853 and 32373013)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(1610302022001).
文摘The Salmonella pathogenicity islands(SPIs) play crucial roles in the progression of Salmonella infection. In this study, we constructed an improved λ Red homologous recombination system to prepare single and triple deletion mutants of 3 prominent SPIs(SPI-1, 2, and 3), aiming at the impact of deletion on morphology, carbon source metabolism, adhesion and invasion capacity, in vivo colonization, and immune efficacy in chicks. Our examination revealed that the surface of the single deletion mutants(SM6ΔSPI1, ΔSPI2, and ΔSPI3) exhibited a more rugged texture and appeared to be enveloped in a layer of transparent colloid, whereas the morphology of the triple deletion mutant(SM6ΔSPI1&2&3) remained unaltered when compared to the parent strain. The carbon metabolic spectrum of the SPI mutants underwent profound alterations, with a notable and statistically significant modification observed in 30 out of 95 carbon sources, primarily carbohydrates(17 out of 30). Furthermore, the adhesion capacity of the 4 mutants to Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced when compared to that of the parent strain. Moreover,the invasion capacity of mutants SM6ΔSPI1 and SM6ΔSPI1&2&3 exhibited a substantial decrease, while it was enhanced to varying degrees for SM6ΔSPI3 and SM6ΔSPI2. Importantly, none of the 4 mutants induced any clinical symptoms in the chicks. However, they did transiently colonize the spleen and liver. Notably, the SM6ΔSPI1&2&3mutant was rapidly cleared from both the spleen and liver within 8 days post-infection and no notable pathological changes were observed in the organs. Additionally, when challenged, the mutants immunized groups displayed a significant increase in antibody levels and alterations in the CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ subpopulations, and the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines in the SM6ΔSPI1&2&3 immunized chicken serum surpassed those of other groups.In summary, the successful construction of the 4 SPI mutants lays the groundwork for further exploration into the pathogenic(including metabolic) mechanisms of SPIs and the development of safe and effective live attenuated Salmonella vaccines or carriers.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work for work through grant number KFU242134.
文摘Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.
基金supported by the Joint Funds for the innovation of science and Technology,Fujian province(Grant number:2021Y9014).
文摘Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)technology has emerged as a pivotal tool in the field of pathogen detection due to its high sensitivity,strong specificity,operational convenience,and adaptability to complex biological samples.This paper systematically elucidates the fundamental mechanisms and classification characteristics of ECL technology,with a particular focus on its applications in detecting nucleic acids,proteins,metabolites,and drug-resistant mutants of pathogenic microorganisms.Through comparative analysis with traditional detection methods,the technological advantages and suitable scenarios of ECL are highlighted.Furthermore,this paper delves into the existing challenges of ECL technology in clinical applications,providing a theoretical basis for advancing its translational use in pathogen diagnostics.
基金National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China,Grant/Award Number:National Pathogen Resource Center-NPRC-32National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFF0724800CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-035。
文摘Background:New variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continue to drive global epidemics and pose significant health risks.The pathogenicity of these variants evolves under immune pressure and host factors.Understanding these changes is crucial for epidemic control and variant research.Methods:Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)transgenic mice were in-tranasally challenged with the original strain WH-09 and the variants Delta,Beta,and Omicron BA.1,while BALB/c mice were challenged with Omicron subvariants BA.5,BF.7,and XBB.1.To compare the pathogenicity differences among variants,we con-ducted a comprehensive analysis that included clinical symptom observation,meas-urement of viral loads in the trachea and lungs,evaluation of pulmonary pathology,analysis of immune cell infiltration,and quantification of cytokine levels.Results:In hACE2 mice,the Beta variant caused significant weight loss,severe lung inflammation,increased inflammatory and chemotactic factor secretion,greater mac-rophage and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs,and higher viral loads with prolonged shedding duration.In contrast,BA.1 showed a significant reduction in pathogenicity.The BA.5,BF.7,and XBB.1 variants were less pathogenic than the WH-09,Beta,and Delta variants when infected in BALB/c mice.This was evidenced by reduced weight loss,diminished pulmonary pathology,decreased secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines,reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration,as well as lower viral loads in both the trachea and lungs.Conclusion:In hACE2 mice,the Omicron variant demonstrated the lowest pathogenic-ity,while the Beta variant exhibited the highest.Pathogenicity of the Delta variant was comparable to the original WH-09 strain.Among BALB/c mice,Omicron subvari-ants BA.5,BF.7,and XBB.1 showed no statistically significant differences in virulence.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770379 and 81470521.
文摘Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is an autosomal dominant inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy.It is one of the chief causes of sudden cardiac death in younger people and athletes.Molecular-genetic studies have confirmed that the vast majority of HCM is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins.HCM has a relatively wide phenotypic heterogeneity,varying from asymptomatic to sudden cardiac death,because of the many different mutations and pathogenic genes underlying it.Many studies have explored the clinical symptoms and prognosis of HCM,emphasizing the importance of genotype in evaluating patient prognosis and guiding the clinical management of HCM.To elaborate the main pathogenic genes and phenotypic prognosis in HCM to promote a better understanding of this genetic disease.Retrospective analysis of literature to evaluate the association between underlying gene mutations and clinical phenotypes in HCM patients.As sequencing technology advances,the pathogenic gene mutation spectrum and phenotypic characteristics of HCM are gradually becoming clearer.HCM is a widespread inherited disease with a highly variable clinical phenotype.The precise mechanisms linking known pathogenic gene mutations and the clinical course of this heterogeneous condition remain elusive.
