Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the...Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.展开更多
A dietary transition from refined to whole grains would optimize grain processing,reduce food loss and emissions,and increase food nutritional contents.The results of systematical analysis and calculations in our stud...A dietary transition from refined to whole grains would optimize grain processing,reduce food loss and emissions,and increase food nutritional contents.The results of systematical analysis and calculations in our study show that the average processing loss rate of grains including rice,wheat,and maize is approximately 4.1%in China due to the refinement,equivalent to an annual loss of around 13.3 Mt of grains.Furthermore,the refining process significantly reduces the nutritional contents of rice(51.6%),wheat flour(55.4%),and corn products(80.4%)mainly resulting from the removal of dietary fiber,minerals,and vitamins in refined grains.Replacing refined grains with whole grains in diets would lower agricultural carbon emissions by 2.7%,reducing agricultural water use by 4.3%,and saving arable land by 1,972,607 ha.Total environmental footprint could be reduced by 35%to 79%under three proposed scenarios.These findings indicate that shifting toward whole grain-based diets by Chinese consumers could reduce food losses,enhance human health,and improve environmental sustainability.This approach offers a promising strategy for transitioning towards more resilient and sustainable agri-food systems,benefiting human and planetary health.展开更多
Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution,while being key contributors to these environmental challenges.Understanding the complex interactions among food systems,climate change,and air poll...Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution,while being key contributors to these environmental challenges.Understanding the complex interactions among food systems,climate change,and air pollution is crucial for mitigating climate change,improving air quality,and promoting the sustainable development of food systems.However,the literature lacks a comprehensive review of these interactions,particularly in the current phase of rapid development in the field.To address this gap,this study systematically reviews recent research on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on food systems,as well as the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from agri-food systems and their contribution to global climate change and air pollution.In addition,this study summarizes various strategies for mitigation and adaptation,including adjustments in agricultural practices and food supply chains.Profound changes in food systems are urgently needed to enhance adaptability and reduce emissions.This review offers a critical overview of current research on the interactions among food systems,climate change,and air pollution and highlights future research directions to support the transition to sustainable food systems.展开更多
This article has been compiled and edited by China Report ASEAN based on an interview with the FAO Office of Youth and Women.As the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)celebrates its 80th anniv...This article has been compiled and edited by China Report ASEAN based on an interview with the FAO Office of Youth and Women.As the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)celebrates its 80th anniversary,the spotlight is shifting from solely honouring its longstanding mission to also highlighting the dynamic participation of youth and women in driving positive changes in agrifood systems.展开更多
Air pollution negatively impacts food security. This paper reviews the current literature on the relationship between air pollution and food security from the perspective of food system. It highlights that agricultura...Air pollution negatively impacts food security. This paper reviews the current literature on the relationship between air pollution and food security from the perspective of food system. It highlights that agricultural emissions which substantially contribute to air pollution could happen at every stage along the food supply chain. Meanwhile, air pollution can not only affect plant growth and animal health but also shift market equilibrium of both agro-inputs and outputs in the food supply chain and thereby affect food security indirectly. Furthermore, this study evaluates the effects of agricultural policy and energy policy on food security and air pollution, respectively, and provides an overview of potential policy instruments to reduce air pollution while ensuring food security. Finally, we identify the remaining research and policy issues for further studies, mainly focusing on the study of household＇s bounded rational behaviors and the issue of rural aging population.展开更多
This paper discusses to what extent land is considered in food-related policies from a systemic perspective.Based on existing literature and international agendas priorities,we argue that access to and preservation of...This paper discusses to what extent land is considered in food-related policies from a systemic perspective.Based on existing literature and international agendas priorities,we argue that access to and preservation of land for food along the food chain play a major role in sustainable food systems.To further explore this argument,we address the following question:Where does land stand in sectorial and national food-related policies?The mul-tiple dimensions and implications of food systems and the international agenda’s priorities namely the“Right to adequate Food”,“Food Sovereignty”and the“Right to Land”,were used as our conceptual framework.To work out how land is being considered in food sectorial policies,both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to examine ten Portuguese national food-related policies.Results are showing a lack of consideration for land access and land preservation,needed all along the food chain to build a national sustainable food system.On the other hand,there is a gap between current grassroots priorities international agendas and food-related national policies.Such a situation strongly suggests that building a sustainable food system needs a clear food territorial perspective,still neglected,and shifting from sectorial policies towards a more integrated food system approach,that will include land as a central piece.展开更多
Sustainable food system development is the cornerstone of global human survival and development.This research briefly analyzes the challenges facing the current food system,summarizes the directions of food system tra...Sustainable food system development is the cornerstone of global human survival and development.This research briefly analyzes the challenges facing the current food system,summarizes the directions of food system trans-formation,expounds the role of geography in the transformation of food system,and discusses the future paths to promote the sustainable development of food system.The main conclusions are as follows:1)The interaction of factors such as regional conflicts,climate change,slowdown in development,raging epidemics,and resource and environmental constraints pose multiple challenges to the global food system.2)The food system should be high-quality,efficient,nutritious and healthy,green and low-carbon,inclusive and inclusive transformation.3)Geography can provide solutions for the transformation of food systems.4)The transformation paths of the food system includes:establishing a global food system with benefit sharing,cleaner production,and fair participation,improving the innovation capability of the food system,and establishing an effective organizational guarantee system.展开更多
Several actions from both the environmental and human viewpoints have already been made to meet the sustainability goals targeted at food systems.Still,new place-based ideas to improve sustainability are needed.Agroec...Several actions from both the environmental and human viewpoints have already been made to meet the sustainability goals targeted at food systems.Still,new place-based ideas to improve sustainability are needed.Agroecological symbiosis(AES),a novel food system model,is an example of a suggested system-level change to attain sustainability targets;it is a symbiosis of food production and processing using renewable energy that uses its own feedstock.AES has already been found advantageous from the ecological and biophysical viewpoints,but a regional economic evaluation of the model is still lacking.Thus,the aim of our paper is to assess the regional economic impact of a possible systemic change in the food system using the network of agroecological symbiosis(NAES)as an example.We applied scenarios representing different ways of moving towards envisioned NAES models in Mäntsälä,Finland,and a computable general equilibrium model to evaluate the regional economic impact.According to our results,both regional economy and employment would increase,and the regional production base would diversify with NAES implementation applied to the region,but the extent of the benefits varies between scenarios.The scenario that includes change in both public and private food demand,production of bioenergy and utilization of by-products would cause the largest impacts.However,realizing NAES requires investments that may influence the actual implementation of such models.Nonetheless,a change towards NAES can promote an economically and spatially just transition to sustainability,as NAES seems to be economically most beneficial for rural areas.展开更多
This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture context.The study demon-s...This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture context.The study demon-strates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to‘food and nutrition security’and‘economic performance’as more important than CSA’s contribution to‘social equity’and‘environmental stewardship’.From a narrow perspective,the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’and‘increase human capital information’as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS outcomes.In contrast,CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among Ghana’s rural farmers.This enormity of displacement of smallholders’perceptions at large is motivated by de-mographic,socioeconomic and ecological factors.Moreso,the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’self-apprise,social networks and other local information dissemination agents.Furthermore,research findings suggest farmers’awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82%of the CSA practices and interventions.This situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’narratives as tools for attaining food,nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with CSA.Critical(re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine cli-mate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social,economic,food and nutrition security needs.展开更多
On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In ...On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.展开更多
Community is basic unit of healthy urban development.As main space of people’s daily life,community carries various functional needs of food,clothing,housing and transportation.Under concept of healthy community deve...Community is basic unit of healthy urban development.As main space of people’s daily life,community carries various functional needs of food,clothing,housing and transportation.Under concept of healthy community development,planning and design of community food system are studied in this paper.A good community food chain plays a positive role in improving people’s happiness and quality of life.In this paper,ArcGIS platform is used to build“food map”network system.Taking Bajiao Community in Shijingshan District of Beijing as an example,infl uence weight,spatial distribution and accessibility of food source are studied,and optimization strategies and development suggestions for food system planning and design are fi nally put forward.展开更多
We design a three-level evaluation system for food accessibility capability and composite index food accessibility indicator(FAI)to investigate the equity and sustainability of the global food system.To concrete,based...We design a three-level evaluation system for food accessibility capability and composite index food accessibility indicator(FAI)to investigate the equity and sustainability of the global food system.To concrete,based on Entropy Weight Method(EWM),we select fourteen indicators indicating the efficient,profitability,equity and sustainability of food system,and on this basis,construct the threelevel evaluation system.Then,we use fuzzy clustering method to divide the food system into three states:fragile,vulnerable and stable,and gray GM(1,1)model to predict and compare the FAI curve and the perturbed FAI curve to evaluate the effectiveness of the perturber FAI.Thereafter,we create a cost prediction equation,describe the benefits and costs of changes in indicators on the food system.Finally,we conduct the in-depth analysis of FAI model,and investigate the extendibility and adaptability of the model,and propose modification suggestions for small scale food system and large scale food system to improve the accuracy and extendibility of the model.In summary,the proposed models formalize a fairer globally achievable goal and promotion measures for food accessibility capability.What’s more,they can dynamically adapt to,including but not limited to,region size,and national development capacity.展开更多
After wheat,rice,maize,and barley,sorghum is the fifth most widely grown cereal on the planet.Due to its high production,drought resistance,and heat tolerance,this crop is replacing maize in some areas.Sorghum is avai...After wheat,rice,maize,and barley,sorghum is the fifth most widely grown cereal on the planet.Due to its high production,drought resistance,and heat tolerance,this crop is replacing maize in some areas.Sorghum is available in a variety of colors,including cream,lemon-yellow,red,and even black.The principal grain anatomical components are pericarp,germ or embryo and endosperm.This review provides an overview of key sorghum grain components,including starches,fiber,proteins,lipids,and vitamins.Also,we summarized phenolic compounds,flavonoids,tannins,carotenoids,vitamin E,amines,Policosanols and Phytosterols in sorghum grains.Sorghum is used to manufacture bread and porridge,and it provides a significant source of energy and nutrition for humans;sorghum is extensively farmed for animal feed.However,because the natural components in sorghum are useful in the development of healthy and functional foods,sorghum farming for both biofuel production and human consumption is gaining popularity.Pigmented sorghum grain is high in antioxidants such as polyphenols,primarily tannins,which have a variety of health benefits,including antiproliferative properties linked to the prevention of certain cancers,antioxidant activities linked to the prevention of diseases linked to oxidative stress,and anti-inflammatory effects,as well as improving glucose metabolism.Because these chemicals cannot be assimilated,their application in the food business has been limited,as sorghum is regarded as a lownutritional grain due to the presence of anti-nutritional components such as strong tannins,which form complexes with proteins and iron,limiting their digestibility.This review aims to show the utilization of sorghum as a source of bioactive chemicals and the value they bestow on human health due to the general biological potential it possesses.展开更多
China and the United States are the two most significant nations in the contemporary global food and agricultural network.In addition,they are two of the most important innovators with respect to the development of ne...China and the United States are the two most significant nations in the contemporary global food and agricultural network.In addition,they are two of the most important innovators with respect to the development of new crop varieties,agro-technologies,farm products,markets and consumer issues,such as consumer resistance to genetically modified foods,among others.In the face of an ever-complex web of interactions,technologies and products among producers and consumers in both nations,there are far more structural similarities than differences in the food and agriculture sectors of these two nations.This essay,adopting some of the themes of the Sino-American Symposium on Future Issues Affecting Quality of Life,presents a limited but representative comparative assessment of three of the most important shared challenges impacting the agricultural sectors of China and the United States for the period from 2000 to the present including 1)environmental challenges related to agricultural water supply,2)declines in farm labor and rural population,and 3)growing food-related concerns and challenges.For both nations,excessive and unsustainable groundwater consumption has lowered water tables and limited crop production.Rural populations and farm workforces in both nations are also declining,leading to labor challenges in both nations.Finally,concerns regarding food safety are also very similar with major challenges to the farm sector associated with consumer resistance to genetically modified food crops and sanitation issues linked to lengthening supply chains.All of these issues threaten the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.展开更多
Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in food systems, environmental quality, climate change and agriculture livelihoods in the overall urban ecosystem setting and its sustainability. The ...Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in food systems, environmental quality, climate change and agriculture livelihoods in the overall urban ecosystem setting and its sustainability. The paper explores Dar es Salaam, a rapidly expanding city in Sub-Saharan Africa, and shows that urban agriculture provides urban ecosystem services and contributes to environmental sustainability. The interconnections of environmental justice, urban ecosystem services and climate change and variability found eminent feature that influence land governance, productivity and aesthetic value of the city. The study reaffirms the pivotal role urban agriculture which plays to enhance community health services and access to resources, with important implications on urban environmental sustainability and redistributive spatial land use planning policies and practices. The process of urbanisation, forms of urban agriculture and government strategies for enhanced urban food systems in the city economy have been highlighted. Equally, the process triggers the transformation of settlements from rural in character to modernity with an augmented land use conflicts. The results suggests that with increasing population, a clear spatial land use planning and management strategy is required to overcome the challenges and enhanced food systems and urban environmental sustainability in rapidly urbanizing cities like Dar es Salaam in Sub-Saharan Africa.展开更多
An important way to address global food security is to make better use of the food already produced. Since at least one third of global food is wasted before consumption, there are enormous incentives to cut this wast...An important way to address global food security is to make better use of the food already produced. Since at least one third of global food is wasted before consumption, there are enormous incentives to cut this waste and create a more sustainable food system. This paper focuses upon saving food loss at the supermarket level in the US and channeling this food stream in new and efficient ways to those in hunger. A more comprehensive Food System-Sensitive Methodology has been used to pilot and evaluate a surplus food management program that diverts culled fresh fruits and vegetables from grocery stores that would otherwise be disposed of in landfills. Instead, produce is processed for donation or for new businesses. Nearly 35,000 pounds of produce was culled from a grocery store chain in Philadelphia. Twenty-five percent of this was not suitable for culinary uses, ten percent consisted of relatively small quantities of food that did not warrant further research, and about 33 percent is suitable for use at area food shelters and pantries. An experimental sample taken from the remaining 15,000 pounds was used for recipe research and development for diversion to new commercial enterprises. We analyzed a scenario where a supermarket receives $0.25 per pound for culled produce, generating about $8700 dollars in average monthly revenue while eliminating disposal costs. New commercial possibilities for the unused food were then explored. The scenario included community-based enterprises that could process the produce into value-added products that could be wholesaled back to the store at sufficient profits to support 2 - 4 community employees. Extrapolating these results to the approximately 38,000 large supermarkets in the United States suggests that much of the 1,100,000,000 pounds of produce that is currently sent to landfills can be repurposed. If diverted to new foods each of the 46.1 million SNAP recipients could figuratively receive an equivalent of 24 pounds of fruit and vegetable products per annum. This initial analysis suggests that repurposing surplus produce from supermarket discards can have significant beneficial outcomes for new food markets and the environment.展开更多
There has been a rising interest in using natural antimicrobial compounds in food industry due to current trend of giving value to natural and renewable resources. These antimicrobials provide new modalities to ensure...There has been a rising interest in using natural antimicrobial compounds in food industry due to current trend of giving value to natural and renewable resources. These antimicrobials provide new modalities to ensure microbial safety and extend the shelf-life of foodstuffs. Natural antimicrobials can be directly added into the food, but several efforts have been made to find alternative solutions to the aim of avoiding undesirable inactivation. Some different ways such as, dipping, spraying, and coating treatment of food are currently applied to product before packaging considered as valid options. The present paper aims to review the use of natural compounds to control microbiological and physicochemical shelf life of major food categories such as, meat, fish, dairy-based products, fruit and vegetables, and cereal-based products.展开更多
Rheological properties of large particulate-liquid model food systems were studied by using the BMS （ball measuring system）. The model food systems were composed of alginate gel particles （-10mm） and a gelatinised...Rheological properties of large particulate-liquid model food systems were studied by using the BMS （ball measuring system）. The model food systems were composed of alginate gel particles （-10mm） and a gelatinised starch solution with 1% w/w sodium chloride as a liquid phase. The effects of particle phase volume （Ф, 0-0.60）, particle shapes （cube, sphere, rod and disc） and starch concentrations （3% and 5% w/w starch） were investigated. The power law model was successfully applied to characterize the flow properties of each system and the consistency K and power law index n were obtained. The K increased and n decreased with increasing # for samples at all particle shapes at 3% w/w starch in the liquid phase. The particle effect on the viscosity is further analysed by means of the Krieger-Dougherty model and the maximum packing fraction #,, and the intrinsic viscosity [η] were obtained in each system. The Фm, depended on the particle shape, as expected. The [7] value depended on particle shape and was largely in the order of 4.04 （cube）, 3.28 （disc）, 2.56 （sphere） and 2.32 （rod） at 3% w/w starch. The [η] also depended on starch concentration and was 1.1 at 5%,6 w/w starch in the liquid phase with spherical particles. The present results show successful application of BMS to study the rheological properties of large particulate liquid food systems at relatively small scale experiment （-0.5 L） and also that existing models for suspension rheology are applicable for such food systems to a great extend.展开更多
Soil is a basic natural resource for food production, the vast majority of food we consume is either directly or indirectly derived from soil. Soil quality determines the quantity and quality of foods grown. Protectin...Soil is a basic natural resource for food production, the vast majority of food we consume is either directly or indirectly derived from soil. Soil quality determines the quantity and quality of foods grown. Protecting the soil’s physical, chemical and biological integrity?is?therefore of vital importance in safeguarding global food security. This paper evaluates the physical and chemical properties?of soils in the rainforest of the Takamanda in Southwestern Cameroon and their implications?on?agricultural productivity and food security. Soils were randomly sampled using a bucket soil auger at the left, middle and right flank of the 50 ha Takamanda forest dynamic plot. Soils were sampled from three flanks at depths of 0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm and 20 - 30 cm. Bulk density increased with soil depth in all the flanks. Soil nitrogen, organic carbon, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and cation exchange capacity were greater in topsoil (0 - 10 cm) than subsoils. Soil Ca and pH were slightly greater at 20 - 30 cm soil depths with value of 0.45 cmol (+)/kg and 4.24 respectively. Soil C/N ratio was highest (13.12) in 10 - 20 cm soil depth though it was not significantly different from the other soil depths. To promote food production, an integrated cost-effective approach to soil management should comprise the use of acid-tolerant species of crop plants, efficient use of fertilizers, suitable crop rotations, crop diversification and agroforestry.展开更多
1 Introduction The transformation of agrifood systems represents one of the most critical challenges of our time,particularly for regions supporting large populations while facing complex environmental,social and econ...1 Introduction The transformation of agrifood systems represents one of the most critical challenges of our time,particularly for regions supporting large populations while facing complex environmental,social and economic pressures.China and Africa,collectively home to over 2.9 billion people,exemplify both the urgency and the diversity of approaches needed to build resilient,sustainable and inclusive food systems.While both regions have achieved significant progress through various agricultural and food policy initiatives over recent decades,they now confront a new generation of complex,interconnected challenges.展开更多
文摘Guava(Psidium guajava L.),a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family,holds significant medicinal and nutritional values.Leaves of the plant are described to be elliptical with a dark green color and are utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory issues along with increasing the platelet count in patients suffering from dengue.In this review paper,the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of guava leaves,including proteins,vitamins,minerals,and polysaccharides,have been reviewed.The methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from guava leaves and their bioactivities,including antioxidant,anti-diabetic,and anti-cancer potential,have been explored.Further,encapsulation techniques for improving the transport of bioactive compounds and living cells into foods have been studied.The application of guava leaves in different food systems such as herbal tea,pork sausage,chocolates,jelly,meals for chickens,functional beverages,and as antibacterial agents in food preservatives has also been investigated.The findings of this review illustrated that the phytochemicals present in guava leaves showed excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Encapsulation appears to be a promising technique for improving the stability,bioavailability,and controlled release of bioactive chemicals extracted from guava leaves.Different methods for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds employed and applied in distinct food systems showed preservation of phytochemicals,improved bioactivities,and nutritional values.Overall,this review paper demonstrated how guava leaves,an abundant source of bioactive compounds,can be used as a multipurpose component to create functional foods,edible coatings,and active packaging to enhance the nutritional,antioxidant,and antimicrobial properties of various food systems that have qualities that promote health.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100501)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Shunde Innovation School of University of Science and Technology Beijing(2024BH002).
文摘A dietary transition from refined to whole grains would optimize grain processing,reduce food loss and emissions,and increase food nutritional contents.The results of systematical analysis and calculations in our study show that the average processing loss rate of grains including rice,wheat,and maize is approximately 4.1%in China due to the refinement,equivalent to an annual loss of around 13.3 Mt of grains.Furthermore,the refining process significantly reduces the nutritional contents of rice(51.6%),wheat flour(55.4%),and corn products(80.4%)mainly resulting from the removal of dietary fiber,minerals,and vitamins in refined grains.Replacing refined grains with whole grains in diets would lower agricultural carbon emissions by 2.7%,reducing agricultural water use by 4.3%,and saving arable land by 1,972,607 ha.Total environmental footprint could be reduced by 35%to 79%under three proposed scenarios.These findings indicate that shifting toward whole grain-based diets by Chinese consumers could reduce food losses,enhance human health,and improve environmental sustainability.This approach offers a promising strategy for transitioning towards more resilient and sustainable agri-food systems,benefiting human and planetary health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42277087,42130708,42471021,42277482,and 42361144876)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515012550)+3 种基金the Hainan Institute of National Park grant(KY-23ZK01)the Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Cross-disciplinary Research and Innovation Fund Research Plan(JC2022011)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20240813112106009 and ZDSYS20220606100806014)the Scientific Research Start-up Funds(QD2021030C)from Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School。
文摘Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution,while being key contributors to these environmental challenges.Understanding the complex interactions among food systems,climate change,and air pollution is crucial for mitigating climate change,improving air quality,and promoting the sustainable development of food systems.However,the literature lacks a comprehensive review of these interactions,particularly in the current phase of rapid development in the field.To address this gap,this study systematically reviews recent research on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on food systems,as well as the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from agri-food systems and their contribution to global climate change and air pollution.In addition,this study summarizes various strategies for mitigation and adaptation,including adjustments in agricultural practices and food supply chains.Profound changes in food systems are urgently needed to enhance adaptability and reduce emissions.This review offers a critical overview of current research on the interactions among food systems,climate change,and air pollution and highlights future research directions to support the transition to sustainable food systems.
文摘This article has been compiled and edited by China Report ASEAN based on an interview with the FAO Office of Youth and Women.As the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)celebrates its 80th anniversary,the spotlight is shifting from solely honouring its longstanding mission to also highlighting the dynamic participation of youth and women in driving positive changes in agrifood systems.
基金funding supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 71473123 and 71633005)the German Research Foundation (DFG, RTG1666)
文摘Air pollution negatively impacts food security. This paper reviews the current literature on the relationship between air pollution and food security from the perspective of food system. It highlights that agricultural emissions which substantially contribute to air pollution could happen at every stage along the food supply chain. Meanwhile, air pollution can not only affect plant growth and animal health but also shift market equilibrium of both agro-inputs and outputs in the food supply chain and thereby affect food security indirectly. Furthermore, this study evaluates the effects of agricultural policy and energy policy on food security and air pollution, respectively, and provides an overview of potential policy instruments to reduce air pollution while ensuring food security. Finally, we identify the remaining research and policy issues for further studies, mainly focusing on the study of household＇s bounded rational behaviors and the issue of rural aging population.
基金The researcher is funded by Portuguese national funds through the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia,I.P.,under the Norma Transitória[DL57/2016/CP1453/CT07].
文摘This paper discusses to what extent land is considered in food-related policies from a systemic perspective.Based on existing literature and international agendas priorities,we argue that access to and preservation of land for food along the food chain play a major role in sustainable food systems.To further explore this argument,we address the following question:Where does land stand in sectorial and national food-related policies?The mul-tiple dimensions and implications of food systems and the international agenda’s priorities namely the“Right to adequate Food”,“Food Sovereignty”and the“Right to Land”,were used as our conceptual framework.To work out how land is being considered in food sectorial policies,both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to examine ten Portuguese national food-related policies.Results are showing a lack of consideration for land access and land preservation,needed all along the food chain to build a national sustainable food system.On the other hand,there is a gap between current grassroots priorities international agendas and food-related national policies.Such a situation strongly suggests that building a sustainable food system needs a clear food territorial perspective,still neglected,and shifting from sectorial policies towards a more integrated food system approach,that will include land as a central piece.
基金funded by Shaanxi Province’s 2022 Provincial Grain Special Project(Shaanxi Grain Reserve Safety Early Warning and Emergency Management Strategy Research)the 2022 Shaanxi Provincial Association for Science and Technology Decision-making Consulting Project(Research on the Industrial Model of Comprehensive Land Remediation in the Background of Rural Revitalization)the Strategic Leading Special Science and Technology Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA20040202).
文摘Sustainable food system development is the cornerstone of global human survival and development.This research briefly analyzes the challenges facing the current food system,summarizes the directions of food system trans-formation,expounds the role of geography in the transformation of food system,and discusses the future paths to promote the sustainable development of food system.The main conclusions are as follows:1)The interaction of factors such as regional conflicts,climate change,slowdown in development,raging epidemics,and resource and environmental constraints pose multiple challenges to the global food system.2)The food system should be high-quality,efficient,nutritious and healthy,green and low-carbon,inclusive and inclusive transformation.3)Geography can provide solutions for the transformation of food systems.4)The transformation paths of the food system includes:establishing a global food system with benefit sharing,cleaner production,and fair participation,improving the innovation capability of the food system,and establishing an effective organizational guarantee system.
文摘Several actions from both the environmental and human viewpoints have already been made to meet the sustainability goals targeted at food systems.Still,new place-based ideas to improve sustainability are needed.Agroecological symbiosis(AES),a novel food system model,is an example of a suggested system-level change to attain sustainability targets;it is a symbiosis of food production and processing using renewable energy that uses its own feedstock.AES has already been found advantageous from the ecological and biophysical viewpoints,but a regional economic evaluation of the model is still lacking.Thus,the aim of our paper is to assess the regional economic impact of a possible systemic change in the food system using the network of agroecological symbiosis(NAES)as an example.We applied scenarios representing different ways of moving towards envisioned NAES models in Mäntsälä,Finland,and a computable general equilibrium model to evaluate the regional economic impact.According to our results,both regional economy and employment would increase,and the regional production base would diversify with NAES implementation applied to the region,but the extent of the benefits varies between scenarios.The scenario that includes change in both public and private food demand,production of bioenergy and utilization of by-products would cause the largest impacts.However,realizing NAES requires investments that may influence the actual implementation of such models.Nonetheless,a change towards NAES can promote an economically and spatially just transition to sustainability,as NAES seems to be economically most beneficial for rural areas.
基金PTQ receives funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund(Grant No.499077)and the Canada Research Chairs Program.
文摘This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture context.The study demon-strates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to‘food and nutrition security’and‘economic performance’as more important than CSA’s contribution to‘social equity’and‘environmental stewardship’.From a narrow perspective,the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’and‘increase human capital information’as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS outcomes.In contrast,CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among Ghana’s rural farmers.This enormity of displacement of smallholders’perceptions at large is motivated by de-mographic,socioeconomic and ecological factors.Moreso,the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’self-apprise,social networks and other local information dissemination agents.Furthermore,research findings suggest farmers’awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82%of the CSA practices and interventions.This situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’narratives as tools for attaining food,nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with CSA.Critical(re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine cli-mate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social,economic,food and nutrition security needs.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CZY23014)Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation(19ZDA085)。
文摘On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.
基金Sponsored by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8202017)Youth Top Project of High-level Teacher Team Construction Support Plan in Beijing Colleges and Universities in 2018(PXM2018-014212-000043).
文摘Community is basic unit of healthy urban development.As main space of people’s daily life,community carries various functional needs of food,clothing,housing and transportation.Under concept of healthy community development,planning and design of community food system are studied in this paper.A good community food chain plays a positive role in improving people’s happiness and quality of life.In this paper,ArcGIS platform is used to build“food map”network system.Taking Bajiao Community in Shijingshan District of Beijing as an example,infl uence weight,spatial distribution and accessibility of food source are studied,and optimization strategies and development suggestions for food system planning and design are fi nally put forward.
文摘We design a three-level evaluation system for food accessibility capability and composite index food accessibility indicator(FAI)to investigate the equity and sustainability of the global food system.To concrete,based on Entropy Weight Method(EWM),we select fourteen indicators indicating the efficient,profitability,equity and sustainability of food system,and on this basis,construct the threelevel evaluation system.Then,we use fuzzy clustering method to divide the food system into three states:fragile,vulnerable and stable,and gray GM(1,1)model to predict and compare the FAI curve and the perturbed FAI curve to evaluate the effectiveness of the perturber FAI.Thereafter,we create a cost prediction equation,describe the benefits and costs of changes in indicators on the food system.Finally,we conduct the in-depth analysis of FAI model,and investigate the extendibility and adaptability of the model,and propose modification suggestions for small scale food system and large scale food system to improve the accuracy and extendibility of the model.In summary,the proposed models formalize a fairer globally achievable goal and promotion measures for food accessibility capability.What’s more,they can dynamically adapt to,including but not limited to,region size,and national development capacity.
文摘After wheat,rice,maize,and barley,sorghum is the fifth most widely grown cereal on the planet.Due to its high production,drought resistance,and heat tolerance,this crop is replacing maize in some areas.Sorghum is available in a variety of colors,including cream,lemon-yellow,red,and even black.The principal grain anatomical components are pericarp,germ or embryo and endosperm.This review provides an overview of key sorghum grain components,including starches,fiber,proteins,lipids,and vitamins.Also,we summarized phenolic compounds,flavonoids,tannins,carotenoids,vitamin E,amines,Policosanols and Phytosterols in sorghum grains.Sorghum is used to manufacture bread and porridge,and it provides a significant source of energy and nutrition for humans;sorghum is extensively farmed for animal feed.However,because the natural components in sorghum are useful in the development of healthy and functional foods,sorghum farming for both biofuel production and human consumption is gaining popularity.Pigmented sorghum grain is high in antioxidants such as polyphenols,primarily tannins,which have a variety of health benefits,including antiproliferative properties linked to the prevention of certain cancers,antioxidant activities linked to the prevention of diseases linked to oxidative stress,and anti-inflammatory effects,as well as improving glucose metabolism.Because these chemicals cannot be assimilated,their application in the food business has been limited,as sorghum is regarded as a lownutritional grain due to the presence of anti-nutritional components such as strong tannins,which form complexes with proteins and iron,limiting their digestibility.This review aims to show the utilization of sorghum as a source of bioactive chemicals and the value they bestow on human health due to the general biological potential it possesses.
文摘China and the United States are the two most significant nations in the contemporary global food and agricultural network.In addition,they are two of the most important innovators with respect to the development of new crop varieties,agro-technologies,farm products,markets and consumer issues,such as consumer resistance to genetically modified foods,among others.In the face of an ever-complex web of interactions,technologies and products among producers and consumers in both nations,there are far more structural similarities than differences in the food and agriculture sectors of these two nations.This essay,adopting some of the themes of the Sino-American Symposium on Future Issues Affecting Quality of Life,presents a limited but representative comparative assessment of three of the most important shared challenges impacting the agricultural sectors of China and the United States for the period from 2000 to the present including 1)environmental challenges related to agricultural water supply,2)declines in farm labor and rural population,and 3)growing food-related concerns and challenges.For both nations,excessive and unsustainable groundwater consumption has lowered water tables and limited crop production.Rural populations and farm workforces in both nations are also declining,leading to labor challenges in both nations.Finally,concerns regarding food safety are also very similar with major challenges to the farm sector associated with consumer resistance to genetically modified food crops and sanitation issues linked to lengthening supply chains.All of these issues threaten the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.
文摘Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in food systems, environmental quality, climate change and agriculture livelihoods in the overall urban ecosystem setting and its sustainability. The paper explores Dar es Salaam, a rapidly expanding city in Sub-Saharan Africa, and shows that urban agriculture provides urban ecosystem services and contributes to environmental sustainability. The interconnections of environmental justice, urban ecosystem services and climate change and variability found eminent feature that influence land governance, productivity and aesthetic value of the city. The study reaffirms the pivotal role urban agriculture which plays to enhance community health services and access to resources, with important implications on urban environmental sustainability and redistributive spatial land use planning policies and practices. The process of urbanisation, forms of urban agriculture and government strategies for enhanced urban food systems in the city economy have been highlighted. Equally, the process triggers the transformation of settlements from rural in character to modernity with an augmented land use conflicts. The results suggests that with increasing population, a clear spatial land use planning and management strategy is required to overcome the challenges and enhanced food systems and urban environmental sustainability in rapidly urbanizing cities like Dar es Salaam in Sub-Saharan Africa.
文摘An important way to address global food security is to make better use of the food already produced. Since at least one third of global food is wasted before consumption, there are enormous incentives to cut this waste and create a more sustainable food system. This paper focuses upon saving food loss at the supermarket level in the US and channeling this food stream in new and efficient ways to those in hunger. A more comprehensive Food System-Sensitive Methodology has been used to pilot and evaluate a surplus food management program that diverts culled fresh fruits and vegetables from grocery stores that would otherwise be disposed of in landfills. Instead, produce is processed for donation or for new businesses. Nearly 35,000 pounds of produce was culled from a grocery store chain in Philadelphia. Twenty-five percent of this was not suitable for culinary uses, ten percent consisted of relatively small quantities of food that did not warrant further research, and about 33 percent is suitable for use at area food shelters and pantries. An experimental sample taken from the remaining 15,000 pounds was used for recipe research and development for diversion to new commercial enterprises. We analyzed a scenario where a supermarket receives $0.25 per pound for culled produce, generating about $8700 dollars in average monthly revenue while eliminating disposal costs. New commercial possibilities for the unused food were then explored. The scenario included community-based enterprises that could process the produce into value-added products that could be wholesaled back to the store at sufficient profits to support 2 - 4 community employees. Extrapolating these results to the approximately 38,000 large supermarkets in the United States suggests that much of the 1,100,000,000 pounds of produce that is currently sent to landfills can be repurposed. If diverted to new foods each of the 46.1 million SNAP recipients could figuratively receive an equivalent of 24 pounds of fruit and vegetable products per annum. This initial analysis suggests that repurposing surplus produce from supermarket discards can have significant beneficial outcomes for new food markets and the environment.
文摘There has been a rising interest in using natural antimicrobial compounds in food industry due to current trend of giving value to natural and renewable resources. These antimicrobials provide new modalities to ensure microbial safety and extend the shelf-life of foodstuffs. Natural antimicrobials can be directly added into the food, but several efforts have been made to find alternative solutions to the aim of avoiding undesirable inactivation. Some different ways such as, dipping, spraying, and coating treatment of food are currently applied to product before packaging considered as valid options. The present paper aims to review the use of natural compounds to control microbiological and physicochemical shelf life of major food categories such as, meat, fish, dairy-based products, fruit and vegetables, and cereal-based products.
文摘Rheological properties of large particulate-liquid model food systems were studied by using the BMS （ball measuring system）. The model food systems were composed of alginate gel particles （-10mm） and a gelatinised starch solution with 1% w/w sodium chloride as a liquid phase. The effects of particle phase volume （Ф, 0-0.60）, particle shapes （cube, sphere, rod and disc） and starch concentrations （3% and 5% w/w starch） were investigated. The power law model was successfully applied to characterize the flow properties of each system and the consistency K and power law index n were obtained. The K increased and n decreased with increasing # for samples at all particle shapes at 3% w/w starch in the liquid phase. The particle effect on the viscosity is further analysed by means of the Krieger-Dougherty model and the maximum packing fraction #,, and the intrinsic viscosity [η] were obtained in each system. The Фm, depended on the particle shape, as expected. The [7] value depended on particle shape and was largely in the order of 4.04 （cube）, 3.28 （disc）, 2.56 （sphere） and 2.32 （rod） at 3% w/w starch. The [η] also depended on starch concentration and was 1.1 at 5%,6 w/w starch in the liquid phase with spherical particles. The present results show successful application of BMS to study the rheological properties of large particulate liquid food systems at relatively small scale experiment （-0.5 L） and also that existing models for suspension rheology are applicable for such food systems to a great extend.
文摘Soil is a basic natural resource for food production, the vast majority of food we consume is either directly or indirectly derived from soil. Soil quality determines the quantity and quality of foods grown. Protecting the soil’s physical, chemical and biological integrity?is?therefore of vital importance in safeguarding global food security. This paper evaluates the physical and chemical properties?of soils in the rainforest of the Takamanda in Southwestern Cameroon and their implications?on?agricultural productivity and food security. Soils were randomly sampled using a bucket soil auger at the left, middle and right flank of the 50 ha Takamanda forest dynamic plot. Soils were sampled from three flanks at depths of 0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm and 20 - 30 cm. Bulk density increased with soil depth in all the flanks. Soil nitrogen, organic carbon, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and cation exchange capacity were greater in topsoil (0 - 10 cm) than subsoils. Soil Ca and pH were slightly greater at 20 - 30 cm soil depths with value of 0.45 cmol (+)/kg and 4.24 respectively. Soil C/N ratio was highest (13.12) in 10 - 20 cm soil depth though it was not significantly different from the other soil depths. To promote food production, an integrated cost-effective approach to soil management should comprise the use of acid-tolerant species of crop plants, efficient use of fertilizers, suitable crop rotations, crop diversification and agroforestry.
文摘1 Introduction The transformation of agrifood systems represents one of the most critical challenges of our time,particularly for regions supporting large populations while facing complex environmental,social and economic pressures.China and Africa,collectively home to over 2.9 billion people,exemplify both the urgency and the diversity of approaches needed to build resilient,sustainable and inclusive food systems.While both regions have achieved significant progress through various agricultural and food policy initiatives over recent decades,they now confront a new generation of complex,interconnected challenges.
