Six hundred and thirty-four food samples of six kinds were collected from Beijing,Shanghai, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Jilin and Guangdong areas, China and Hg, Pb, Cd contents were determined. The results showed that their lev...Six hundred and thirty-four food samples of six kinds were collected from Beijing,Shanghai, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Jilin and Guangdong areas, China and Hg, Pb, Cd contents were determined. The results showed that their levels in the Chinese foods were low; their levels in meat, egg, milk and fish were generally below the national hygienic standard. The average daily dietary intake of Hg, Pb, Cd were 7.25 μg, 103.77μg and 30.72 μg respectively and they were all less than the ADI established by WHO展开更多
Cronobacter species are a group of Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens,which cause meningitis,sep-ticemia,and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants,with neurological sequelae in severe cases.Interest in ...Cronobacter species are a group of Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens,which cause meningitis,sep-ticemia,and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants,with neurological sequelae in severe cases.Interest in Cronobacter has increased significantly in recent years due to its high virulence in children.In this review,we summarize the current understanding of the prevalence of Cronobacter species in several important food types.We discuss the response mechanisms enabling persistence in adverse growth con-ditions,as well as its pathogenicity.We emphasize the food safety concerns caused by Cronobacter and subsequent control methods and clinical treatments.展开更多
Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several st...Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several strategies to fortify the food supply system to a high food safety standard. This relies heavily on laboratory testing services but conventional methods for detection of food contaminants and toxicants are limited by sophisticated sample preparation procedures, long analysis time, large instruments and professional personnel to meet the increasing demands. In this review, we have incorporated most of the current and potential rapid detection methods for many notorious food contaminants and toxicants including microbial agents, toxic ions, pesticides, veterinary drugs and preservatives, as well as detection of genetically modified food genes and adulterated edible oil. Development of rapid, accurate, easy-to-use and affordable testing methods could urge food handlers and the public to actively screen for food contaminants and toxicants instead of passively relying on monitoring by the government examination facility. This review also provides several recommendations including how to encourage the public to engage in the food safety management system and provide optimal education and financial assistance that may improve the current Chinese food safety control system.展开更多
Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main bod...Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main body functions.Programming of gut function, which is starting right after conception, relates to a very well-established series of cellular and molecular events associating all types of cells present in this organ, including neurons, endocrine and immune cells. At birth, this machinery continues to settle with the establishment of extra connection between enteric and other systemic systems and is partially under the control of gut microbiota activity, itself being under the densification and the diversification of microorganisms’ population. As thus, any environmental factor interfering on this pre-established program may have a strong incidence on body functions. For all these reasons, pregnant women, fetuses and infants will be particularly susceptible to environmental factors and especially food contaminants. In this review, we will summarize the actual understanding of the consequences of repeated low-level exposure to major food contaminants on gut homeostasis settlement and on brain/gut axis communication considering the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota during the fetal and postnatal stages and the presumed consequences of these food toxicants on the individuals especially in relation with the risks of developing later in life non-communicable chronic diseases.展开更多
In this work,a portable sensor based on ionic liquids-carboxylated carbon nanotubes/screen-printed carbon electrodes(IL-COOH-CNTs/SPCE)was constructed and coupled with machine learning for sensitive sulfamethoxazole(S...In this work,a portable sensor based on ionic liquids-carboxylated carbon nanotubes/screen-printed carbon electrodes(IL-COOH-CNTs/SPCE)was constructed and coupled with machine learning for sensitive sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)detection.The IL-COOH-CNTs/SPCE exhibited low impedance,a large effective surface area,and excellent stability.The sensor displayed a wide linear range from 1.04 to 233.00μmol/L,with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.009μmol/L and a limit of quantification(LOQ)of 0.030μmol/L.The sensor coupled with least square support vector machine(LSSVM)achieved superior predictive performance than when coupled with artificial neural network(ANN).Furthermore,the recoveries for spiked food samples using this method showed no significant difference from those obtained using highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC),confirming the high accuracy and practicality of the developed method.In summary,the IL-COOH-CNTs/SPCE sensor provides a reliable,portable,and efficient alternative for SMZ detection in aquatic and livestock products.展开更多
The incidence of colorectal carcinoma is increasing in young patients, in contrast to the well established wisdom that it is exclusively diagnosed in patients older than 40 years. In this survey, we examined all possi...The incidence of colorectal carcinoma is increasing in young patients, in contrast to the well established wisdom that it is exclusively diagnosed in patients older than 40 years. In this survey, we examined all possible risk factors, and we recommend a number of measures for early detection in young patients who are at risk of developing this malignant tumor.展开更多
Immunosensing methods are biosensing techniques based on specific recognition of an antigen-antibody immunocomplex,which have become commonly used in safeguarding public health.Taking advantage of antibody-related bio...Immunosensing methods are biosensing techniques based on specific recognition of an antigen-antibody immunocomplex,which have become commonly used in safeguarding public health.Taking advantage of antibody-related biotechnological advances,the utilization of an antigen-binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody termed as'nanobody'holds significant biomedical potential.Compared with the conventional full-length antibody,a single-domain nanobody retaining cognate antigen specificity possesses remarkable physicochemical stability and structural adaptability,which enables a flexible and efficient molecular design of the immunosensing strategy.This minireview aims to summarize the recent progress in immunosensing methods using nanobody targeting tumor markers,environmental pollutants,and foodborne microbes.展开更多
Microplastics represent an emerging environmental problem worldwide, raising ecological and food safety concerns. Compared to microplastics, there is growing evidence of an even higher abundance of submicro-and nanopl...Microplastics represent an emerging environmental problem worldwide, raising ecological and food safety concerns. Compared to microplastics, there is growing evidence of an even higher abundance of submicro-and nanoplastics in the environment, but a reliable monitoring method for detecting these smaller-sized plastics is lacking. Herein we presented the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) for this purpose. Particles of polystyrene(PS;600 nm) were used as the probe analyte. Gold nanourchins(Au NU;50 nm),i.e. urchin-shaped nanoparticles with irregular spikes around the core, were used as the SERS-active substrate. The effectiveness of SERS on PS was evaluated at a single-particle level with different numbers of Au NU in order to determine the minimum conditions required for the onset of the SERS effect. Our findings suggest that SERS of a single particle of PS can be induced by as few as 1–5 particles of Au NU, and that the use of excitation wavelength at 785 nm is appropriate to meet the red-shifted surface plasmon resonance of Au NU upon aggregation. These specifications provide additional information for the development of SERS-based tools for detecting plastic particles < 1 μm in food and environmental samples.展开更多
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi that colonize a wide range of crops, including cereals and oilseeds, both in the field and after </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures:...Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi that colonize a wide range of crops, including cereals and oilseeds, both in the field and after </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">harvest, especially during storage. Several studies carried out on the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"color:black;"><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">occurrence of mycotoxins in crops and their derived products such as maize, peanuts, rice and attieke (cassava product), reported substantial levels of Aflatoxins (AFs), Fumonisins (FBs), Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Zearalenone (ZEA). The aim of the present study was to analyze findings available on Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins occurrence in maize, peanuts, rice and attieke in order to assess the exposure level and cancers risk in </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">the </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">Ivorian population. References and publications related to OTA in C<span "=""><span "="">ôte d’Ivoire were searched and selected. Medline/PubMed, Elsevier Bibliographic Databases, BioInfoBank Library, DOAJ (Directory of Open Acess Journal), Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences and </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">https://medwelljournals.com/home.php</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">were used as databases. Data available showed Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of AFs</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> and</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> OTA </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">were</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">above </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">of </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">their </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">as </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">recommended by the Joint</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> FAO/WHO Experts Committee on Food Additives th</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">r</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">ough rice, maize, peanut and attieke consumption in</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> C<span "="">ôte d’Ivoire. In addition, there is a veritable incidence of cancers with the abundant and frequent consumption of foods maize, rice, peanuts and attieke. However, maize and rice seemed </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">to be </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">sources of FBs展开更多
Introduction Assessment of environmental health effects arising from exposure to multiple substances is often very challenging.This is particularly true when humans are exposed to a mixture that contains both benefici...Introduction Assessment of environmental health effects arising from exposure to multiple substances is often very challenging.This is particularly true when humans are exposed to a mixture that contains both beneficial and harmful substances.A good example relates to the risk and benefits of fish consumption.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the influence of an extract of Genista tinctoria L. herba （GT） or methylparaben （MP） on histopathological changes and 2 biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats subchronicly exposed to bispheno...Objective To evaluate the influence of an extract of Genista tinctoria L. herba （GT） or methylparaben （MP） on histopathological changes and 2 biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats subchronicly exposed to bisphenol A （BPA）. Methods Adult female Wistar rats were orally exposed for 90 d to BPA （50 mg/kg）, BPA＋GT （35 mg isoflavones/kg） or BPA＋MP （250 mg/kg）. Plasma and tissue samples were taken from liver, kidney, thyroid, uterus, ovary, and mammary gland after 30, 60, and 90 d of exposure respectively. Lipid peroxidation and in vivo hydroxyl radical production were evaluated by histological analysis along with malondialdehyde and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid detection. Results The severity of histopathological changes in liver and kidneys was lower after GT treatment than after BPA or BPA＋MP treatment. A minimal thyroid receptor antagonist effect was only observed after BPA＋MP treatment. The abnormal folliculogenesis increased in a time-dependent manner, and the number of corpus luteum decreased. No significant histological alterations were found in the uterus. The mammary gland displayed specific estrogen stimulation changes at all periods. Both MP and GT revealed antioxidant properties reducing lipid peroxidation and BPA-induced hydroxyl radical generation. Conclusion GT L. extract ameliorates the toxic effects of BPA and is proved to have antioxidant potential and antitoxic effect. MP has antioxidant properties, but has either no effect or exacerbates the BPA-induced histopathological changes.展开更多
Arsenic has long been recognized as a poison.Arsenic in water supplies that are used for both drinking and crop irrigation can expose many people chronically to elevated levels of arsenic.
Cd contamination range of farmland soil in China is wide,which has constituted a major threat for food safety and residents＇ health. Via multi-year development,there are more remediation methods suitable for soil con...Cd contamination range of farmland soil in China is wide,which has constituted a major threat for food safety and residents＇ health. Via multi-year development,there are more remediation methods suitable for soil contaminated by Cd among the world,but some methods are only suitable for the contaminated sites and indoor research,and can not be applied in large-range contaminated farmland. We analyze the source of Cd in farmland soil. By combining farmland＇s characteristics,three remediation techniques（ low-absorption crops plantation,soil solidification and phytoremediation） and their effects are analyzed,and the existing problems and research prospects of the above techniques are explored. The research could provide reference for restoring farmland soil contaminated by Cd in China,recovering its production function and enhancing food safety standards.展开更多
Green Analytical Chemistry attempts to develop analytical procedures that reduce the environmental impact of the reagents and processes while also ensuring efficiency and cost-effectiveness.This Green Chemistry philos...Green Analytical Chemistry attempts to develop analytical procedures that reduce the environmental impact of the reagents and processes while also ensuring efficiency and cost-effectiveness.This Green Chemistry philosophy impacts the analysis of contaminants in foodstuffs,a global concern due to their harmful effects on human health.Most contaminant extraction methods are based on organic solvents,which are toxic to humans and hazardous to the environment.Thus,using novel green extraction solvents to replace the current ones is a huge challenge.In this sense,Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents(NADESs)are a great alternative.These solvents have been proven to behave similarly to traditional solvents(i.e.,organic solvents and ionic liquids)in extracting and removing different contaminants from food samples.The synthesis of NADESs is simple and involves low-cost,environmentally friendly,and natural-origin constituents.Moreover,NADES-based extraction methods require fewer steps and reduce the risk for workers as milder experimental procedures are needed.Here,we review a critical gap in the literature:the application of NADESs in the extraction of food chemical contaminants.This review is relevant given the frequent combination of NADESs with organic solvents involved in sample preparation,a practice that confuses future users of this methodology and contradicts the basic principles of green chemistry.Following sustainable development objectives,avoiding these inconsistencies,and highlighting ecological methods to control contaminant residues in food samples are necessary.We believe this review will be a starting point for facilitating the implementation and commercialization of 100%green analytical methodologies applied to the food sector.展开更多
This article discusses what we know about some of the main food safety risks in China. The focus is on role of the China Total Diet Study（TDS） as a tool for food safety risk assessment and the selection of prioritie...This article discusses what we know about some of the main food safety risks in China. The focus is on role of the China Total Diet Study（TDS） as a tool for food safety risk assessment and the selection of priorities for monitoring. We compare the strengths and weaknesses of the TDS with those of two other major sources of information about food safety and nutrition： the National Food Safety Contamination Monitoring Network（FSCN） and the China Health and Nutrition Survey（CHNS）, showing how the different methods they use produce different but complementary information. We then use an analysis of lead, cadmium and pesticide residues to demonstrate that, despite its shortcomings, the TDS provides the most reliable source of information about the actual dietary intake of harmful substances.展开更多
Objectives:A study to determine food safety hazard status of fish products from Lake Chivero was conducted in selected high density suburbs of Harare.Lake water and fish were tested for E.coli O157:H7,total bacterial,...Objectives:A study to determine food safety hazard status of fish products from Lake Chivero was conducted in selected high density suburbs of Harare.Lake water and fish were tested for E.coli O157:H7,total bacterial,fungal counts,mercury(Hg)and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)to determine contamination levels and assessing human health hazard exposure.Materials and Methods:Membrane filtration method was used to determine E.coli O157:H7 viable counts using CHROM agar.Plate count and Potato dextrose agar were used for determination of total viable bacterial and fungal counts.Concentrations of Hg and AFB1 in fish and water were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 136 adult fish consumers to determine the fish consumption patterns to assess hazard exposure against international standards.Results:Significant levels of microbial contamination above international standards in both fish and water were recorded.Mean E.coli O157:H7 counts were 106±10(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 52±14(cfu/100ml)in water.Mean Log10 TBC were 8.98±0.26(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 9.05±0.05(cfu/ml)in water.Mean Log10 TFC were 4.83±0.02(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 4.56±0.03(cfu/ml)in water.Hg and AFB1 were 0.018(μg/kg)and 0.025(μg/kg)in fish and 0.008(μg/kg)and 0.005(μg/kg)in water,both with a hazard quotient(HQ)<1 using CODEX STAN 193-1995 of 2015.Conclusion:Fish and water are contaminated with E.coli O157:H7,contain bacterial and fungal loads above international food safety guidance levels.Fish were caught already contaminated with pathogens together with toxigenic Hg and carcinogenic AFB1 although their concentration levels are within international food safety toxicological levels.Levels of Hg and AFB1 in water were almost double that of fish,implying bio-accumulation occurred in fish.Thus,fish consumers are exposed to food safety hazards and are at risk of contracting foodborne illnesses from consuming contaminated fish.展开更多
Food-borne viruses and contaminants,as an important global food safety problem,are caused by chemical,microbiological,zoonotic,and other risk factors that represent a health hazard.Natural bioactive substances,origina...Food-borne viruses and contaminants,as an important global food safety problem,are caused by chemical,microbiological,zoonotic,and other risk factors that represent a health hazard.Natural bioactive substances,originating from plants,animals,or microorganisms,might offer the possibility of preventing and controlling foodborne diseases.In this contribution,the common bioactive substances such as polyphenols,essential oils,proteins,and polysaccharides which are effective in the prevention and treatment of food-borne viruses and contaminants are discussed.Meanwhile,the preventive effects of natural bioactive substances and the possible mechanisms involved in food protection are discussed and detailed.The application and potential effects of natural bioactive substances in the adjuvant treatment for food-borne diseases is also described.展开更多
Background Asthma is a common,multifactorial chronic disease with a major impact on children and adolescents.Exposure to food contaminants is one of the contributing factors to asthma.This study aims to evaluate the i...Background Asthma is a common,multifactorial chronic disease with a major impact on children and adolescents.Exposure to food contaminants is one of the contributing factors to asthma.This study aims to evaluate the intake and exposure of different contaminants and explore their association with childhood asthma.MethodsThe Childhood Asthma and Environment Research study evaluated Italian children aged 5–14 years,divided into control and asthma case groups.Dietary habits were recorded,and exposure to 11 food contaminants was estimated with the CONT11 database.The study included 428 children,264 with asthma and 164 without.ResultsThe findings of this study were consistent with those reported in other studies,indicating that exposure to nitrates and acrylamide was significantly higher in asthmatic children.The results suggest that exposure to certain contaminants could have a more pronounced effect on asthmatic children.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the importance of tools such as CONT11 in assessing food safety.Furthermore,it reinforces the need to prevent and reduce exposure to food contaminants to minimize health risks.展开更多
Liver cancer is known as the“silent killer”because it often lurks within the body undetected until it has progressed to an advanced stage.In China,both the incidence and mortality remain consistently high.The most c...Liver cancer is known as the“silent killer”because it often lurks within the body undetected until it has progressed to an advanced stage.In China,both the incidence and mortality remain consistently high.The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which accounts for approximately 75%–85%of all cases.It is closely associated with hepatitis B,hepatitis C,long-term heavy drinking,fatty liver disease,and foods contaminated with aflatoxin.展开更多
文摘Six hundred and thirty-four food samples of six kinds were collected from Beijing,Shanghai, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Jilin and Guangdong areas, China and Hg, Pb, Cd contents were determined. The results showed that their levels in the Chinese foods were low; their levels in meat, egg, milk and fish were generally below the national hygienic standard. The average daily dietary intake of Hg, Pb, Cd were 7.25 μg, 103.77μg and 30.72 μg respectively and they were all less than the ADI established by WHO
基金the financial support of National Key Research and Development program, China (2017YFC1601202 and 2017YFC1601200)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M690854)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671951 and 31972175)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program (2017BT01S174)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (JZ2020HGQA0151)
文摘Cronobacter species are a group of Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens,which cause meningitis,sep-ticemia,and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants,with neurological sequelae in severe cases.Interest in Cronobacter has increased significantly in recent years due to its high virulence in children.In this review,we summarize the current understanding of the prevalence of Cronobacter species in several important food types.We discuss the response mechanisms enabling persistence in adverse growth con-ditions,as well as its pathogenicity.We emphasize the food safety concerns caused by Cronobacter and subsequent control methods and clinical treatments.
文摘Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several strategies to fortify the food supply system to a high food safety standard. This relies heavily on laboratory testing services but conventional methods for detection of food contaminants and toxicants are limited by sophisticated sample preparation procedures, long analysis time, large instruments and professional personnel to meet the increasing demands. In this review, we have incorporated most of the current and potential rapid detection methods for many notorious food contaminants and toxicants including microbial agents, toxic ions, pesticides, veterinary drugs and preservatives, as well as detection of genetically modified food genes and adulterated edible oil. Development of rapid, accurate, easy-to-use and affordable testing methods could urge food handlers and the public to actively screen for food contaminants and toxicants instead of passively relying on monitoring by the government examination facility. This review also provides several recommendations including how to encourage the public to engage in the food safety management system and provide optimal education and financial assistance that may improve the current Chinese food safety control system.
文摘Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main body functions.Programming of gut function, which is starting right after conception, relates to a very well-established series of cellular and molecular events associating all types of cells present in this organ, including neurons, endocrine and immune cells. At birth, this machinery continues to settle with the establishment of extra connection between enteric and other systemic systems and is partially under the control of gut microbiota activity, itself being under the densification and the diversification of microorganisms’ population. As thus, any environmental factor interfering on this pre-established program may have a strong incidence on body functions. For all these reasons, pregnant women, fetuses and infants will be particularly susceptible to environmental factors and especially food contaminants. In this review, we will summarize the actual understanding of the consequences of repeated low-level exposure to major food contaminants on gut homeostasis settlement and on brain/gut axis communication considering the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota during the fetal and postnatal stages and the presumed consequences of these food toxicants on the individuals especially in relation with the risks of developing later in life non-communicable chronic diseases.
文摘In this work,a portable sensor based on ionic liquids-carboxylated carbon nanotubes/screen-printed carbon electrodes(IL-COOH-CNTs/SPCE)was constructed and coupled with machine learning for sensitive sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)detection.The IL-COOH-CNTs/SPCE exhibited low impedance,a large effective surface area,and excellent stability.The sensor displayed a wide linear range from 1.04 to 233.00μmol/L,with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.009μmol/L and a limit of quantification(LOQ)of 0.030μmol/L.The sensor coupled with least square support vector machine(LSSVM)achieved superior predictive performance than when coupled with artificial neural network(ANN).Furthermore,the recoveries for spiked food samples using this method showed no significant difference from those obtained using highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC),confirming the high accuracy and practicality of the developed method.In summary,the IL-COOH-CNTs/SPCE sensor provides a reliable,portable,and efficient alternative for SMZ detection in aquatic and livestock products.
文摘The incidence of colorectal carcinoma is increasing in young patients, in contrast to the well established wisdom that it is exclusively diagnosed in patients older than 40 years. In this survey, we examined all possible risk factors, and we recommend a number of measures for early detection in young patients who are at risk of developing this malignant tumor.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1703118)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.19KJA310003)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20181364)。
文摘Immunosensing methods are biosensing techniques based on specific recognition of an antigen-antibody immunocomplex,which have become commonly used in safeguarding public health.Taking advantage of antibody-related biotechnological advances,the utilization of an antigen-binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody termed as'nanobody'holds significant biomedical potential.Compared with the conventional full-length antibody,a single-domain nanobody retaining cognate antigen specificity possesses remarkable physicochemical stability and structural adaptability,which enables a flexible and efficient molecular design of the immunosensing strategy.This minireview aims to summarize the recent progress in immunosensing methods using nanobody targeting tumor markers,environmental pollutants,and foodborne microbes.
基金supported by an internal research grant (P0001274) at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China。
文摘Microplastics represent an emerging environmental problem worldwide, raising ecological and food safety concerns. Compared to microplastics, there is growing evidence of an even higher abundance of submicro-and nanoplastics in the environment, but a reliable monitoring method for detecting these smaller-sized plastics is lacking. Herein we presented the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) for this purpose. Particles of polystyrene(PS;600 nm) were used as the probe analyte. Gold nanourchins(Au NU;50 nm),i.e. urchin-shaped nanoparticles with irregular spikes around the core, were used as the SERS-active substrate. The effectiveness of SERS on PS was evaluated at a single-particle level with different numbers of Au NU in order to determine the minimum conditions required for the onset of the SERS effect. Our findings suggest that SERS of a single particle of PS can be induced by as few as 1–5 particles of Au NU, and that the use of excitation wavelength at 785 nm is appropriate to meet the red-shifted surface plasmon resonance of Au NU upon aggregation. These specifications provide additional information for the development of SERS-based tools for detecting plastic particles < 1 μm in food and environmental samples.
文摘Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi that colonize a wide range of crops, including cereals and oilseeds, both in the field and after </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">harvest, especially during storage. Several studies carried out on the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"color:black;"><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">occurrence of mycotoxins in crops and their derived products such as maize, peanuts, rice and attieke (cassava product), reported substantial levels of Aflatoxins (AFs), Fumonisins (FBs), Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Zearalenone (ZEA). The aim of the present study was to analyze findings available on Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins occurrence in maize, peanuts, rice and attieke in order to assess the exposure level and cancers risk in </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">the </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">Ivorian population. References and publications related to OTA in C<span "=""><span "="">ôte d’Ivoire were searched and selected. Medline/PubMed, Elsevier Bibliographic Databases, BioInfoBank Library, DOAJ (Directory of Open Acess Journal), Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences and </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">https://medwelljournals.com/home.php</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">were used as databases. Data available showed Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of AFs</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> and</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> OTA </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">were</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">above </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">of </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">their </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">as </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">recommended by the Joint</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> FAO/WHO Experts Committee on Food Additives th</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">r</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">ough rice, maize, peanut and attieke consumption in</span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;"> C<span "="">ôte d’Ivoire. In addition, there is a veritable incidence of cancers with the abundant and frequent consumption of foods maize, rice, peanuts and attieke. However, maize and rice seemed </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">to be </span><span "="" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;widows:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px;">sources of FBs
基金Alberta Health,Alberta Innovates,the Canada Research Chairs Program,the Canadian Institutes of Health Research,and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
文摘Introduction Assessment of environmental health effects arising from exposure to multiple substances is often very challenging.This is particularly true when humans are exposed to a mixture that contains both beneficial and harmful substances.A good example relates to the risk and benefits of fish consumption.
基金supported by CNCSIS-UEFISCSU Romania,project number PNII-IDEI 1337/2008
文摘Objective To evaluate the influence of an extract of Genista tinctoria L. herba （GT） or methylparaben （MP） on histopathological changes and 2 biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats subchronicly exposed to bisphenol A （BPA）. Methods Adult female Wistar rats were orally exposed for 90 d to BPA （50 mg/kg）, BPA＋GT （35 mg isoflavones/kg） or BPA＋MP （250 mg/kg）. Plasma and tissue samples were taken from liver, kidney, thyroid, uterus, ovary, and mammary gland after 30, 60, and 90 d of exposure respectively. Lipid peroxidation and in vivo hydroxyl radical production were evaluated by histological analysis along with malondialdehyde and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid detection. Results The severity of histopathological changes in liver and kidneys was lower after GT treatment than after BPA or BPA＋MP treatment. A minimal thyroid receptor antagonist effect was only observed after BPA＋MP treatment. The abnormal folliculogenesis increased in a time-dependent manner, and the number of corpus luteum decreased. No significant histological alterations were found in the uterus. The mammary gland displayed specific estrogen stimulation changes at all periods. Both MP and GT revealed antioxidant properties reducing lipid peroxidation and BPA-induced hydroxyl radical generation. Conclusion GT L. extract ameliorates the toxic effects of BPA and is proved to have antioxidant potential and antitoxic effect. MP has antioxidant properties, but has either no effect or exacerbates the BPA-induced histopathological changes.
文摘Arsenic has long been recognized as a poison.Arsenic in water supplies that are used for both drinking and crop irrigation can expose many people chronically to elevated levels of arsenic.
基金Supported by Special Project of National Environmental Protection Public Interest Research,China(201109020)
文摘Cd contamination range of farmland soil in China is wide,which has constituted a major threat for food safety and residents＇ health. Via multi-year development,there are more remediation methods suitable for soil contaminated by Cd among the world,but some methods are only suitable for the contaminated sites and indoor research,and can not be applied in large-range contaminated farmland. We analyze the source of Cd in farmland soil. By combining farmland＇s characteristics,three remediation techniques（ low-absorption crops plantation,soil solidification and phytoremediation） and their effects are analyzed,and the existing problems and research prospects of the above techniques are explored. The research could provide reference for restoring farmland soil contaminated by Cd in China,recovering its production function and enhancing food safety standards.
基金funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(MICIN,ref.PID2021-127457OB-C21/22)。
文摘Green Analytical Chemistry attempts to develop analytical procedures that reduce the environmental impact of the reagents and processes while also ensuring efficiency and cost-effectiveness.This Green Chemistry philosophy impacts the analysis of contaminants in foodstuffs,a global concern due to their harmful effects on human health.Most contaminant extraction methods are based on organic solvents,which are toxic to humans and hazardous to the environment.Thus,using novel green extraction solvents to replace the current ones is a huge challenge.In this sense,Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents(NADESs)are a great alternative.These solvents have been proven to behave similarly to traditional solvents(i.e.,organic solvents and ionic liquids)in extracting and removing different contaminants from food samples.The synthesis of NADESs is simple and involves low-cost,environmentally friendly,and natural-origin constituents.Moreover,NADES-based extraction methods require fewer steps and reduce the risk for workers as milder experimental procedures are needed.Here,we review a critical gap in the literature:the application of NADESs in the extraction of food chemical contaminants.This review is relevant given the frequent combination of NADESs with organic solvents involved in sample preparation,a practice that confuses future users of this methodology and contradicts the basic principles of green chemistry.Following sustainable development objectives,avoiding these inconsistencies,and highlighting ecological methods to control contaminant residues in food samples are necessary.We believe this review will be a starting point for facilitating the implementation and commercialization of 100%green analytical methodologies applied to the food sector.
基金FORHEAD with funding from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund(RBF)
文摘This article discusses what we know about some of the main food safety risks in China. The focus is on role of the China Total Diet Study（TDS） as a tool for food safety risk assessment and the selection of priorities for monitoring. We compare the strengths and weaknesses of the TDS with those of two other major sources of information about food safety and nutrition： the National Food Safety Contamination Monitoring Network（FSCN） and the China Health and Nutrition Survey（CHNS）, showing how the different methods they use produce different but complementary information. We then use an analysis of lead, cadmium and pesticide residues to demonstrate that, despite its shortcomings, the TDS provides the most reliable source of information about the actual dietary intake of harmful substances.
文摘Objectives:A study to determine food safety hazard status of fish products from Lake Chivero was conducted in selected high density suburbs of Harare.Lake water and fish were tested for E.coli O157:H7,total bacterial,fungal counts,mercury(Hg)and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)to determine contamination levels and assessing human health hazard exposure.Materials and Methods:Membrane filtration method was used to determine E.coli O157:H7 viable counts using CHROM agar.Plate count and Potato dextrose agar were used for determination of total viable bacterial and fungal counts.Concentrations of Hg and AFB1 in fish and water were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 136 adult fish consumers to determine the fish consumption patterns to assess hazard exposure against international standards.Results:Significant levels of microbial contamination above international standards in both fish and water were recorded.Mean E.coli O157:H7 counts were 106±10(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 52±14(cfu/100ml)in water.Mean Log10 TBC were 8.98±0.26(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 9.05±0.05(cfu/ml)in water.Mean Log10 TFC were 4.83±0.02(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 4.56±0.03(cfu/ml)in water.Hg and AFB1 were 0.018(μg/kg)and 0.025(μg/kg)in fish and 0.008(μg/kg)and 0.005(μg/kg)in water,both with a hazard quotient(HQ)<1 using CODEX STAN 193-1995 of 2015.Conclusion:Fish and water are contaminated with E.coli O157:H7,contain bacterial and fungal loads above international food safety guidance levels.Fish were caught already contaminated with pathogens together with toxigenic Hg and carcinogenic AFB1 although their concentration levels are within international food safety toxicological levels.Levels of Hg and AFB1 in water were almost double that of fish,implying bio-accumulation occurred in fish.Thus,fish consumers are exposed to food safety hazards and are at risk of contracting foodborne illnesses from consuming contaminated fish.
文摘Food-borne viruses and contaminants,as an important global food safety problem,are caused by chemical,microbiological,zoonotic,and other risk factors that represent a health hazard.Natural bioactive substances,originating from plants,animals,or microorganisms,might offer the possibility of preventing and controlling foodborne diseases.In this contribution,the common bioactive substances such as polyphenols,essential oils,proteins,and polysaccharides which are effective in the prevention and treatment of food-borne viruses and contaminants are discussed.Meanwhile,the preventive effects of natural bioactive substances and the possible mechanisms involved in food protection are discussed and detailed.The application and potential effects of natural bioactive substances in the adjuvant treatment for food-borne diseases is also described.
文摘Background Asthma is a common,multifactorial chronic disease with a major impact on children and adolescents.Exposure to food contaminants is one of the contributing factors to asthma.This study aims to evaluate the intake and exposure of different contaminants and explore their association with childhood asthma.MethodsThe Childhood Asthma and Environment Research study evaluated Italian children aged 5–14 years,divided into control and asthma case groups.Dietary habits were recorded,and exposure to 11 food contaminants was estimated with the CONT11 database.The study included 428 children,264 with asthma and 164 without.ResultsThe findings of this study were consistent with those reported in other studies,indicating that exposure to nitrates and acrylamide was significantly higher in asthmatic children.The results suggest that exposure to certain contaminants could have a more pronounced effect on asthmatic children.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the importance of tools such as CONT11 in assessing food safety.Furthermore,it reinforces the need to prevent and reduce exposure to food contaminants to minimize health risks.
文摘Liver cancer is known as the“silent killer”because it often lurks within the body undetected until it has progressed to an advanced stage.In China,both the incidence and mortality remain consistently high.The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which accounts for approximately 75%–85%of all cases.It is closely associated with hepatitis B,hepatitis C,long-term heavy drinking,fatty liver disease,and foods contaminated with aflatoxin.
