Coastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to various impacts of climate change,including rising temperatures,unpredictable precipitation,cyclones,droughts,and saltwater intrusion.These factors collectively threaten agri...Coastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to various impacts of climate change,including rising temperatures,unpredictable precipitation,cyclones,droughts,and saltwater intrusion.These factors collectively threaten agricultural productivity and food security.This study examines the relationship between farmers’perceptions and observable climatic trends,with a focus on the sustainability of food systems and the promotion of adaptable farming techniques in Bagerhat District,Bangladesh.A mixed-methods strategy was employed,incorporating household surveys(a total of 110 purposively selected farmers),focus group discussions,key informant interviews,and climatic data analysis.The Mann-Kendall test,Sen’s slope estimator,precipitation concentration index(PCI),and standardized rainfall anomaly index(SRAI)were employed to analyze climate trends from 1991 to 2020.The findings showed that more than 70.00%of respondents indicated that summers were becoming warmer,over 50.00%reported that winters were becoming colder,and 63.00%stated that yearly precipitation was decreasing.Farmers reported an increase in flood occurrences and a decline in the predictability of precipitation.Between 2011 and 2019,the output of most rice varieties decreased,with the exception of high-yielding Aman rice and hybrid Boro rice.The results also showed that 60.00%of respondents reported experiencing salinity intrusion,and 57.00%attributed significant yield losses to salinity.Planting salt-tolerant rice varieties(such as BRRI Dhan 67 and Binadhan-10),practicing homestead vegetable cultivation,and moderately integrating shrimp aquaculture were also common adaptive measures.To improve long-term food security in coastal Bangladesh,we suggest growing more salt-tolerant crop varieties,promoting vertical and homestead gardening,enhancing seed systems that are resilient to climate change,and educating farmers on the use of climate-smart farming methods.This study highlights the importance of aligning farmers’perceptions with observed climatic data to design effective adaptation strategies.The findings of this study can guide policy-makers and development practitioners in strengthening climate-resilient agriculture and ensuring long-term food security in coastal Bangladesh.展开更多
This study examines the role of maize in food security and economic stability,focusing on its response to climate change and strategies to enhance resilience.Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology,the st...This study examines the role of maize in food security and economic stability,focusing on its response to climate change and strategies to enhance resilience.Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology,the study analyzes the impact of climate change on global maize production and proposes innovative strategies for sustainability and food security.The agricultural environment is vulnerable to heavy metal toxicity,which is linked to the relationship between soil health and climate change.From 1850 to 2020,the Earth’s temperature increased by 1.1℃,with projections indicating continued warming.This trend has significant economic implications,particularly in developing countries where agriculture employs 69%of the population.Heat waves and droughts represent abiotic stresses faced by maize.Research suggests that high greenhouse gas emissions could lead to a 24%reduction in maize yield by 2030.The study highlights the need to focus on breeding and phenotyping technologies to develop heat-and drought-tolerant maize varieties that use water efficiently.Additionally,strategies such as genomic editing,transcriptome analysis,and maize quality mapping are crucial to addressing these challenges.Developing insect-resistant maize is another objective.This study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research to improve agricultural productivity and ensure food security,especially in light of global population growth.It also advocates for new regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,which contribute to global warming.展开更多
A crucial impact of climate change is the disruption of the agricultural sector,posing a threat to food supply for the globally increasing population.In this context,prioritizing food security in each country becomes ...A crucial impact of climate change is the disruption of the agricultural sector,posing a threat to food supply for the globally increasing population.In this context,prioritizing food security in each country becomes an important concern.This study aimed to explore biomass and C-Stock content of Sago forests for handling climate change and resilience.The methodology used comprised various steps including determining the type and the hydraulic conductivity of the soil,assessing biomass and C-Stock by cutting Sago at various growth stages,weighing the wet and dry weight of each fraction,calculating the Top-Root Ratio,and determining the starch yield.The results showed that there were four types of soil namely Hydric,District,and Fluvic Gleisol,as well as Oxic Cambisole.C-Stock was 26.99 tonnes per hectare with a Top-Root Ratio of 636%,implying that above-ground biomass(AGB)was six times more than below-ground biomass(BGB)and the presence of mineral soil.Sago dry starch product ranged from 490.3–571.8 kg per tree and the potential relatively varied due to differences in the structure and composition of forests,as well as habitat and environment.Although logging remained persistent on a very small scale,early signs of disturbances were observed in hydrological conditions and fluctuations in water levels or puddles in the soil profile.This implied that conversion of Sago forests to other uses for the expansion of grain crops on a large scale,would lead to the area experiencing drought.展开更多
The study investigated the relationship between climatic variables and food security in households in the districts of Huancayo(Chongos Alto,Viques,Pucará,and Huancayo)during the COVID-19 pandemic.A cross-section...The study investigated the relationship between climatic variables and food security in households in the districts of Huancayo(Chongos Alto,Viques,Pucará,and Huancayo)during the COVID-19 pandemic.A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 272 households out of 36,453.Food security data were collected through ques-tionnaires,and climatic variables(temperature,humidity,and precipitation)were obtained from CEPREANDES weather stations between September 2020 and February 2021.The results showed that 44.49% of households experienced mild food insecurity,while 55.5%experienced moderate food insecurity.Recorded climatic conditions included maximum temperatures of 28℃ in Pucaráand 27℃ in Huancayo,and a minimum of-8℃ in Chongos Alto.Relative humidity reached 89%in Pucaráand 87%in Chongos Alto and Huancayo,while maximum rainfall was 28 mm in Chongos Alto and 23 mm in Huancayo.Multivariate analysis revealed that relative humidity had a significant association with moderate food insecurity(B=16.406;95% CI:-64735 to 64768),increasing the risk 16 times under high humidity conditions.No significant relationships were found with temperature(B=-7.107;95% CI:-77320 to 77306)or precipitation(B=-7.831;95% CI:-25690 to 25674).It was concluded that relative humidity is a key factor in food security,particularly during the pandemic,while other climatic variables showed no significant impacts.These findings highlight the need for urgent adaptations to climatic challenges in vulnerable contexts.展开更多
The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependenc...The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use,including palm-based alternatives.Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75%drop in U.S.soybean exports to China.Palm oil,with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness,offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps.Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended.Additionally,multi-omics,gene editing,tissue culture,and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks.The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system,and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.展开更多
The practice of intercropping leguminous and gramineous crops is used for promoting sustainable agriculture,optimizing resource utilization,enhancing biodiversity,and reducing reliance on petroleum products.However,pr...The practice of intercropping leguminous and gramineous crops is used for promoting sustainable agriculture,optimizing resource utilization,enhancing biodiversity,and reducing reliance on petroleum products.However,promoting conventional intercropping strategies in modern agriculture can prove challenging.The innovative technology of soybean maize strip intercropping(SMSI)has been proposed as a solution.This system has produced remarkable results in improving domestic soybean and maize production for both food security and sustainable agriculture.In this article,we provide an overview of SMSI and explain how it differs from traditional intercropping.We also discuss the core principles that foster higher yields and the prospects for its future development.展开更多
China removed fertilizer manufacturing subsidies from 2015 to 2018 to bolster market-oriented reforms and foster environmentally sustainable practices.However,the impact of this policy reform on food security and the ...China removed fertilizer manufacturing subsidies from 2015 to 2018 to bolster market-oriented reforms and foster environmentally sustainable practices.However,the impact of this policy reform on food security and the environment remains inadequately evaluated.Moreover,although green and low-carbon technologies offer environmental advantages,their widespread adoption is hindered by prohibitively high costs.This study analyzes the impact of removing fertilizer manufacturing subsidies and explores the potential feasibility of redirecting fertilizer manufacturing subsidies to invest in the diffusion of these technologies.Utilizing the China Agricultural University Agri-food Systems model,we analyzed the potential for achieving mutually beneficial outcomes regarding food security and environmental sustainability.The findings indicate that removing fertilizer manufacturing subsidies has reduced greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from agricultural activities by 3.88 million metric tons,with minimal impact on food production.Redirecting fertilizer manufacturing subsidies to invest in green and low-carbon technologies,including slow and controlled-release fertilizer,organic-inorganic compound fertilizers,and machine deep placement of fertilizer,emerges as a strategy to concurrently curtail GHG emissions,ensure food security,and secure robust economic returns.Finally,we propose a comprehensive set of government interventions,including subsidies,field guidance,and improved extension systems,to promote the widespread adoption of these technologies.展开更多
Introduction: Food security is one of the greatest challenges that most African countries face. It is a concept that considers not only food quantity but also food quality. The objective of this study was to describe ...Introduction: Food security is one of the greatest challenges that most African countries face. It is a concept that considers not only food quantity but also food quality. The objective of this study was to describe dietary diversity and food security status at the individual level in Cameroonian populations. Methods: A total of 1180 men and women aged 20 and over and living in the West, North West, and Littoral regions of Cameroon were recruited. Data on dietary habits were collected through the frequency of consumption of various food groups. Dietary diversity was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Food security status was determined by combining two indicators (food consumption score and individual food diversity score). Results: The mean dietary diversity score of the population was 3.53 ± 1.44, p Conclusion: The diet diversity of adults living in the West, North West, and Littoral regions of Cameroon is medium. Although half of the study population was food secure, there is a need to implement food security policies further to reduce food insecurity among the Cameroonian population.展开更多
Food security has been long understudied in the context of Central Asia.We present an analysis examining household-level food demand for Tajikistan and assessing the magnitude of its food security changes during the C...Food security has been long understudied in the context of Central Asia.We present an analysis examining household-level food demand for Tajikistan and assessing the magnitude of its food security changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Based on an extensive household survey data set from Tajikistan,we estimate the expenditure,income,and price elasticities for nine food categories using the QUAIDS model.Then,we develop a microsimulation model using the estimated elasticities to assess the dual impact of declining remittance income and rising food prices stemming from the pandemic shock.There are significant differences in demand elasticities across food groups,with high elasticities observed for nutritious foods,such as meat,fruit,eggs,and milk,in rural households.Moreover,our findings show that changes in remittance income and food prices significantly negatively affected food security for rural households during the COVID-19 pandemic.These findings have important implications for policymakers concerned about rural livelihoods and food security in remittance-receiving economies during the post-pandemic period.展开更多
The sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)region has experienced substantial population growth over the past decades,accompanied by severe hunger and environmental degradation.Underperforming governance is a major driver of unsustai...The sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)region has experienced substantial population growth over the past decades,accompanied by severe hunger and environmental degradation.Underperforming governance is a major driver of unsustainable agricultural production and land use in SSA.The impacts of governance performance on food security and the environment in SSA require better understanding by considering socioeconomic and biophysical dynamics.Using an agro-economic dynamic optimization model,we investigate the impacts of governance performance on land use,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and food security in the SSA region by 2050.Our findings indicate that strong governance could lead to less deforestation,thus reducing GHG emissions in the agriculture,forestry,and other land use(AFOLU)sector.Strong governance could also improve food security,with higher agricultural productivity,lower food prices and food expenditure share,as well as higher self-sufficiency.These findings highlight that those efforts should extend beyond specific agricultural and environmental measures and promote integrated governance to achieve long-term synergies between food and environmental security in SSA.展开更多
Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of ...Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of the crop, its nutritional significance and the technologies that can be adopted to enhance its utilisation at its senescent stage. In West Africa, plantains are eaten at all ripening stages, yet processing is limited to the unripe and semi-ripe. Adoptable technologies such as foam-mat drying will enhance its utilisation in indigenous meals and other food applications. This review provides useful insight to optimize the use of plantain to prevent food waste.展开更多
This paper analyzes and compares the key factors influencing food security in two populous countries(China and India),and cate-gorizes them into three types:agricultural production,economic development and income leve...This paper analyzes and compares the key factors influencing food security in two populous countries(China and India),and cate-gorizes them into three types:agricultural production,economic development and income level,and income distribution.Using the prevalence of undernourishment as an indicator of food security,the paper empirically tests the degree of impact of various factors on food security in both countries using Tobit regression and Newey regression methods.The study finds that improving the level of economic development can significantly enhance food security in both countriesꎻreducing the Gini coefficient has a significant impact on India,but not on Chinaꎻincreasing the agricultural production per capita has a much greater effect on China than on India.Therefore,both countries should take measures that are both similar and different according to their national conditions to improve their food security level.展开更多
China attaches great importance to food security.With the strong promotion of the government,Chinas grain output has achieved a great feat from"shortage"to"surplus in bumper years"and then to"...China attaches great importance to food security.With the strong promotion of the government,Chinas grain output has achieved a great feat from"shortage"to"surplus in bumper years"and then to"rising steadily",achieving a record"increase for the tenth consecutive year".From the current balance of food supply and demand in China,the food security situation can be guaranteed on the whole.However,if we analyze the food security in China from the perspective of agricultural sustainable development strategy,there are some difficulties,such as the reduction of cultivated land area,the decline of cultivated land quality,the fragility of agricultural ecological environment,and the transformation of residentsconsumption structure.This paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the development of food security in China under the strategy of sustainable agricultural development,and puts forward that to implement the strategy of sustainable agricultural development,it is necessary to realize the coordinated development of food security,science and technology,ecological environment,resources and society.展开更多
Since 1976, eradicating hunger has become one of the priority objectives of the United Nations, which is included in the Charter of Human Rights;the right to get adequate food. The qualification of food security in ti...Since 1976, eradicating hunger has become one of the priority objectives of the United Nations, which is included in the Charter of Human Rights;the right to get adequate food. The qualification of food security in time and space must analyze not only the three components it covers but also the relationships that these three components maintain. Climate change contributes to food insecurity, but it is not the only factor. To address food insecurity in various forms, greater food security must be combined with improved sustainable agricultural practices with minimal strain on the environment. This review of literature insists on the principles of food security, which in particular allows a better understanding of food insecurity in developing countries and favors a greater contribution of agriculture and food systems in general to nutritional progress.展开更多
This paper explores the significant impact of the Ukraine conflict on local food security,employing a robust methodological framework that integrates Propensity Score Matching(PSM)and Difference-in-Differences(DiD)est...This paper explores the significant impact of the Ukraine conflict on local food security,employing a robust methodological framework that integrates Propensity Score Matching(PSM)and Difference-in-Differences(DiD)estimation,supplemented by placebo tests and the synthetic control method.By examining panel data from 2014 to 2022,the study reveals a causal relationship between the conflict and a notable deterioration in Ukraine’s food security index.The conflict,characterized by direct damages to agricultural production and infrastructure,alongside indirect economic and social disruptions,has led to a substantial decline in food security.This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of how war affects food security and provides actionable insights for policy formulation and response strategies to mitigate such impacts in similar conflict scenarios.Through a comprehensive analysis,it highlights the urgent need for international cooperation and humanitarian aid to address the challenges posed to food security by the war,emphasizing the broader implications for global food markets and prices.展开更多
Facing global food challenges,China is pioneering an innovative solution to ocean resource management:marine ranching.This concept,transforming sections of the sea into managed underwater farms,stands at the forefront...Facing global food challenges,China is pioneering an innovative solution to ocean resource management:marine ranching.This concept,transforming sections of the sea into managed underwater farms,stands at the forefront of China’s food security and ecological preservation strategy.Led by institutions like the Institute of Oceanology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences,marine ranching goes beyond traditional aquaculture.It establishes managed ecosystems that not only yield food but also contribute to the restoration of marine biodiversity.This blue revolution addresses the urgent need for sustainable seafood production and aids in rehabilitating underwater ecosystems.China’s practice in this field might have provided valuable reference for global sustainable ocean management.展开更多
Super rice is an essendal part of China＇s rice production. Through survey on actual situation of 1568 households of rice growers in Heilongjiang, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces, this paper focused on influence of super...Super rice is an essendal part of China＇s rice production. Through survey on actual situation of 1568 households of rice growers in Heilongjiang, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces, this paper focused on influence of super rice development on increase of China＇s grain yield, influence on increase of rice growers＇ economic in- come, difference in production cost and profit between the North and the South, as well as profit percentage of super rice in production, processing, and sales. It obtained following results： rice price determines rice growers＇ income; expansion of super rice extension area plays a great role in increase of China＇s grain yield; by 2015 and 2020, keeping the yield of other crops not changed, merely the extension of super rice can increase grain for 5 million tons and 11 million tons separately; super rice significantly increases rice growers＇ economic income; for production cost of super rice, the South is higher than the North, and the profit ratio of cost is up to 35.54% on average; with respect of profit in production, processing, and sales, the ratio is 1：2：1.5; with the yield of other crops unchanged, every increase of 1% in area percentage of super rice to rice will additionally produce 1 million tons of grain for China, which is equivalent to saving the yield of 133 300 hm2 farmland and can additional feed 3.5 million people. In view of importance of super rice production, at the same time of strengthening research on super rice variety, it is required to accelerate expanding production area of super rice in suitable areas. Since the development of super rice can support China＇s ration demand of increasing population, China should make effort to realize ＂one yuan for one mu＂ financial subsidy for super rice of main grain production provinces and counties. Besides, China should establish special financial plan for extension of super rice.展开更多
China＇s food supply and demand have significant implications for both China＇s own national food security and that of the world. This study reviews China＇s food security prospects and their implications, focusing on...China＇s food supply and demand have significant implications for both China＇s own national food security and that of the world. This study reviews China＇s food security prospects and their implications, focusing on international trade in the coming decade. The results show that China＇s policies for ensuring food security will be enhanced and China will move to sustainable agriculture. Most studies anticipate that China will increase its food and feed imports in the coming decade. China＇s overall food self-sufficiency is likely to fall from 94.5% in 2015 to around 91% by 2025. The greatest increases in imports are likely to be soybean, maize, sugar, and dairy products. However, within the production capacity of the major exporting countries and of many food-importing developing countries, China＇s additional imports of 3 to 5% of its total food consumption in the coming decade are unlikely to threaten global food security. Indeed, the projected imports of feed and several foods could provide opportunities for many exporting countries to expand their production and save global resources.展开更多
The population growth and demand for high living standard not only increase food demand but also cause more loss of the limited cultivated land resources. Cultivated land loss caused by disasters and the implementatio...The population growth and demand for high living standard not only increase food demand but also cause more loss of the limited cultivated land resources. Cultivated land loss caused by disasters and the implementation of the ＂Conversion of Cropland to Forest or Grassland＂ project make this situation even worse in China. Thus, there is a problem to be solved imminently that to what extent the cultivated land can guarantee food security of China. Based on time-series data on food production and cultivated land area from 1989 to 2003 and other research results, this paper constructs quality index of cultivated land according to different land quality. Regression models are adopted to predicate changes of main factors from 2004 to 2030, which have great effect on cultivated land area or grain productivity, and verify accuracy with coc^cient of determination （R2）. Nine results were got according to three scenarios of decreasing rate of population growth rate and three cases of urban and rural built-up area per capita. There results show that China＇s food supply can only be maintained at a low to middle level of 370-410kg per capita, that is, China has enough land productivity to meet primary demand of food independently. However, it cannot reach the safe target of 500kg per capita if there is no breakthrough in breeding or no remarkable improvement of irrigation works, when the grain self-sufficiency maintains no less than 80%. To breed productive crops and to improve land productivity by mefiorating low quality cultivated land are appropriate measures to shrink the gap between food demand and supply. The results may offer helpful information for the formulation of policies on population growth, land use, protection of cultivated land.展开更多
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world＇s population and for more than 60% of China population. Increasing rice yield is therefore crucial for solving food shortage problem, ensuring food secruity, an...Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world＇s population and for more than 60% of China population. Increasing rice yield is therefore crucial for solving food shortage problem, ensuring food secruity, and reducing poverty. Given the vast population and limited per capita cultivated land in China, meeting food demands by increasing the yield per unit area with the aid of advanced sciences and technologies would be the only option. Several alternative measures for increasing crop yield, such as building water conservancy facilities, increasing fertilizer application, improving soil texture, forming interrelated cultivation techniques, more effective controlling of pests and diseases, and using of elite varieties, have been undertaken. Among these alternative measures, adopting elite varieties, particularly popularizing super hybrid rice, proves to be the most economical and effective option.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Grant of Military Institute of Science and Technology,Bangladesh。
文摘Coastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to various impacts of climate change,including rising temperatures,unpredictable precipitation,cyclones,droughts,and saltwater intrusion.These factors collectively threaten agricultural productivity and food security.This study examines the relationship between farmers’perceptions and observable climatic trends,with a focus on the sustainability of food systems and the promotion of adaptable farming techniques in Bagerhat District,Bangladesh.A mixed-methods strategy was employed,incorporating household surveys(a total of 110 purposively selected farmers),focus group discussions,key informant interviews,and climatic data analysis.The Mann-Kendall test,Sen’s slope estimator,precipitation concentration index(PCI),and standardized rainfall anomaly index(SRAI)were employed to analyze climate trends from 1991 to 2020.The findings showed that more than 70.00%of respondents indicated that summers were becoming warmer,over 50.00%reported that winters were becoming colder,and 63.00%stated that yearly precipitation was decreasing.Farmers reported an increase in flood occurrences and a decline in the predictability of precipitation.Between 2011 and 2019,the output of most rice varieties decreased,with the exception of high-yielding Aman rice and hybrid Boro rice.The results also showed that 60.00%of respondents reported experiencing salinity intrusion,and 57.00%attributed significant yield losses to salinity.Planting salt-tolerant rice varieties(such as BRRI Dhan 67 and Binadhan-10),practicing homestead vegetable cultivation,and moderately integrating shrimp aquaculture were also common adaptive measures.To improve long-term food security in coastal Bangladesh,we suggest growing more salt-tolerant crop varieties,promoting vertical and homestead gardening,enhancing seed systems that are resilient to climate change,and educating farmers on the use of climate-smart farming methods.This study highlights the importance of aligning farmers’perceptions with observed climatic data to design effective adaptation strategies.The findings of this study can guide policy-makers and development practitioners in strengthening climate-resilient agriculture and ensuring long-term food security in coastal Bangladesh.
文摘This study examines the role of maize in food security and economic stability,focusing on its response to climate change and strategies to enhance resilience.Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology,the study analyzes the impact of climate change on global maize production and proposes innovative strategies for sustainability and food security.The agricultural environment is vulnerable to heavy metal toxicity,which is linked to the relationship between soil health and climate change.From 1850 to 2020,the Earth’s temperature increased by 1.1℃,with projections indicating continued warming.This trend has significant economic implications,particularly in developing countries where agriculture employs 69%of the population.Heat waves and droughts represent abiotic stresses faced by maize.Research suggests that high greenhouse gas emissions could lead to a 24%reduction in maize yield by 2030.The study highlights the need to focus on breeding and phenotyping technologies to develop heat-and drought-tolerant maize varieties that use water efficiently.Additionally,strategies such as genomic editing,transcriptome analysis,and maize quality mapping are crucial to addressing these challenges.Developing insect-resistant maize is another objective.This study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research to improve agricultural productivity and ensure food security,especially in light of global population growth.It also advocates for new regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,which contribute to global warming.
基金supported by the Dean of Agricultural Faculty,Pattimura University.
文摘A crucial impact of climate change is the disruption of the agricultural sector,posing a threat to food supply for the globally increasing population.In this context,prioritizing food security in each country becomes an important concern.This study aimed to explore biomass and C-Stock content of Sago forests for handling climate change and resilience.The methodology used comprised various steps including determining the type and the hydraulic conductivity of the soil,assessing biomass and C-Stock by cutting Sago at various growth stages,weighing the wet and dry weight of each fraction,calculating the Top-Root Ratio,and determining the starch yield.The results showed that there were four types of soil namely Hydric,District,and Fluvic Gleisol,as well as Oxic Cambisole.C-Stock was 26.99 tonnes per hectare with a Top-Root Ratio of 636%,implying that above-ground biomass(AGB)was six times more than below-ground biomass(BGB)and the presence of mineral soil.Sago dry starch product ranged from 490.3–571.8 kg per tree and the potential relatively varied due to differences in the structure and composition of forests,as well as habitat and environment.Although logging remained persistent on a very small scale,early signs of disturbances were observed in hydrological conditions and fluctuations in water levels or puddles in the soil profile.This implied that conversion of Sago forests to other uses for the expansion of grain crops on a large scale,would lead to the area experiencing drought.
文摘The study investigated the relationship between climatic variables and food security in households in the districts of Huancayo(Chongos Alto,Viques,Pucará,and Huancayo)during the COVID-19 pandemic.A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 272 households out of 36,453.Food security data were collected through ques-tionnaires,and climatic variables(temperature,humidity,and precipitation)were obtained from CEPREANDES weather stations between September 2020 and February 2021.The results showed that 44.49% of households experienced mild food insecurity,while 55.5%experienced moderate food insecurity.Recorded climatic conditions included maximum temperatures of 28℃ in Pucaráand 27℃ in Huancayo,and a minimum of-8℃ in Chongos Alto.Relative humidity reached 89%in Pucaráand 87%in Chongos Alto and Huancayo,while maximum rainfall was 28 mm in Chongos Alto and 23 mm in Huancayo.Multivariate analysis revealed that relative humidity had a significant association with moderate food insecurity(B=16.406;95% CI:-64735 to 64768),increasing the risk 16 times under high humidity conditions.No significant relationships were found with temperature(B=-7.107;95% CI:-77320 to 77306)or precipitation(B=-7.831;95% CI:-25690 to 25674).It was concluded that relative humidity is a key factor in food security,particularly during the pandemic,while other climatic variables showed no significant impacts.These findings highlight the need for urgent adaptations to climatic challenges in vulnerable contexts.
基金financially sponsored by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(324QN360)Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Sci-ence and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2024-35).
文摘The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports,posing serious challenges to food security.This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use,including palm-based alternatives.Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75%drop in U.S.soybean exports to China.Palm oil,with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness,offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps.Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended.Additionally,multi-omics,gene editing,tissue culture,and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks.The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system,and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971853)。
文摘The practice of intercropping leguminous and gramineous crops is used for promoting sustainable agriculture,optimizing resource utilization,enhancing biodiversity,and reducing reliance on petroleum products.However,promoting conventional intercropping strategies in modern agriculture can prove challenging.The innovative technology of soybean maize strip intercropping(SMSI)has been proposed as a solution.This system has produced remarkable results in improving domestic soybean and maize production for both food security and sustainable agriculture.In this article,we provide an overview of SMSI and explain how it differs from traditional intercropping.We also discuss the core principles that foster higher yields and the prospects for its future development.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72061147002).
文摘China removed fertilizer manufacturing subsidies from 2015 to 2018 to bolster market-oriented reforms and foster environmentally sustainable practices.However,the impact of this policy reform on food security and the environment remains inadequately evaluated.Moreover,although green and low-carbon technologies offer environmental advantages,their widespread adoption is hindered by prohibitively high costs.This study analyzes the impact of removing fertilizer manufacturing subsidies and explores the potential feasibility of redirecting fertilizer manufacturing subsidies to invest in the diffusion of these technologies.Utilizing the China Agricultural University Agri-food Systems model,we analyzed the potential for achieving mutually beneficial outcomes regarding food security and environmental sustainability.The findings indicate that removing fertilizer manufacturing subsidies has reduced greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from agricultural activities by 3.88 million metric tons,with minimal impact on food production.Redirecting fertilizer manufacturing subsidies to invest in green and low-carbon technologies,including slow and controlled-release fertilizer,organic-inorganic compound fertilizers,and machine deep placement of fertilizer,emerges as a strategy to concurrently curtail GHG emissions,ensure food security,and secure robust economic returns.Finally,we propose a comprehensive set of government interventions,including subsidies,field guidance,and improved extension systems,to promote the widespread adoption of these technologies.
文摘Introduction: Food security is one of the greatest challenges that most African countries face. It is a concept that considers not only food quantity but also food quality. The objective of this study was to describe dietary diversity and food security status at the individual level in Cameroonian populations. Methods: A total of 1180 men and women aged 20 and over and living in the West, North West, and Littoral regions of Cameroon were recruited. Data on dietary habits were collected through the frequency of consumption of various food groups. Dietary diversity was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Food security status was determined by combining two indicators (food consumption score and individual food diversity score). Results: The mean dietary diversity score of the population was 3.53 ± 1.44, p Conclusion: The diet diversity of adults living in the West, North West, and Littoral regions of Cameroon is medium. Although half of the study population was food secure, there is a need to implement food security policies further to reduce food insecurity among the Cameroonian population.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71961147001)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(10-IAED-04-2023)。
文摘Food security has been long understudied in the context of Central Asia.We present an analysis examining household-level food demand for Tajikistan and assessing the magnitude of its food security changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Based on an extensive household survey data set from Tajikistan,we estimate the expenditure,income,and price elasticities for nine food categories using the QUAIDS model.Then,we develop a microsimulation model using the estimated elasticities to assess the dual impact of declining remittance income and rising food prices stemming from the pandemic shock.There are significant differences in demand elasticities across food groups,with high elasticities observed for nutritious foods,such as meat,fruit,eggs,and milk,in rural households.Moreover,our findings show that changes in remittance income and food prices significantly negatively affected food security for rural households during the COVID-19 pandemic.These findings have important implications for policymakers concerned about rural livelihoods and food security in remittance-receiving economies during the post-pandemic period.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(grant nos.72273126,72104213,and 72134006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2020YFA0608604)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.S20230139)
文摘The sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)region has experienced substantial population growth over the past decades,accompanied by severe hunger and environmental degradation.Underperforming governance is a major driver of unsustainable agricultural production and land use in SSA.The impacts of governance performance on food security and the environment in SSA require better understanding by considering socioeconomic and biophysical dynamics.Using an agro-economic dynamic optimization model,we investigate the impacts of governance performance on land use,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and food security in the SSA region by 2050.Our findings indicate that strong governance could lead to less deforestation,thus reducing GHG emissions in the agriculture,forestry,and other land use(AFOLU)sector.Strong governance could also improve food security,with higher agricultural productivity,lower food prices and food expenditure share,as well as higher self-sufficiency.These findings highlight that those efforts should extend beyond specific agricultural and environmental measures and promote integrated governance to achieve long-term synergies between food and environmental security in SSA.
文摘Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of the crop, its nutritional significance and the technologies that can be adopted to enhance its utilisation at its senescent stage. In West Africa, plantains are eaten at all ripening stages, yet processing is limited to the unripe and semi-ripe. Adoptable technologies such as foam-mat drying will enhance its utilisation in indigenous meals and other food applications. This review provides useful insight to optimize the use of plantain to prevent food waste.
基金Supported by the MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(19YJA790105).
文摘This paper analyzes and compares the key factors influencing food security in two populous countries(China and India),and cate-gorizes them into three types:agricultural production,economic development and income level,and income distribution.Using the prevalence of undernourishment as an indicator of food security,the paper empirically tests the degree of impact of various factors on food security in both countries using Tobit regression and Newey regression methods.The study finds that improving the level of economic development can significantly enhance food security in both countriesꎻreducing the Gini coefficient has a significant impact on India,but not on Chinaꎻincreasing the agricultural production per capita has a much greater effect on China than on India.Therefore,both countries should take measures that are both similar and different according to their national conditions to improve their food security level.
文摘China attaches great importance to food security.With the strong promotion of the government,Chinas grain output has achieved a great feat from"shortage"to"surplus in bumper years"and then to"rising steadily",achieving a record"increase for the tenth consecutive year".From the current balance of food supply and demand in China,the food security situation can be guaranteed on the whole.However,if we analyze the food security in China from the perspective of agricultural sustainable development strategy,there are some difficulties,such as the reduction of cultivated land area,the decline of cultivated land quality,the fragility of agricultural ecological environment,and the transformation of residentsconsumption structure.This paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the development of food security in China under the strategy of sustainable agricultural development,and puts forward that to implement the strategy of sustainable agricultural development,it is necessary to realize the coordinated development of food security,science and technology,ecological environment,resources and society.
文摘Since 1976, eradicating hunger has become one of the priority objectives of the United Nations, which is included in the Charter of Human Rights;the right to get adequate food. The qualification of food security in time and space must analyze not only the three components it covers but also the relationships that these three components maintain. Climate change contributes to food insecurity, but it is not the only factor. To address food insecurity in various forms, greater food security must be combined with improved sustainable agricultural practices with minimal strain on the environment. This review of literature insists on the principles of food security, which in particular allows a better understanding of food insecurity in developing countries and favors a greater contribution of agriculture and food systems in general to nutritional progress.
文摘This paper explores the significant impact of the Ukraine conflict on local food security,employing a robust methodological framework that integrates Propensity Score Matching(PSM)and Difference-in-Differences(DiD)estimation,supplemented by placebo tests and the synthetic control method.By examining panel data from 2014 to 2022,the study reveals a causal relationship between the conflict and a notable deterioration in Ukraine’s food security index.The conflict,characterized by direct damages to agricultural production and infrastructure,alongside indirect economic and social disruptions,has led to a substantial decline in food security.This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of how war affects food security and provides actionable insights for policy formulation and response strategies to mitigate such impacts in similar conflict scenarios.Through a comprehensive analysis,it highlights the urgent need for international cooperation and humanitarian aid to address the challenges posed to food security by the war,emphasizing the broader implications for global food markets and prices.
文摘Facing global food challenges,China is pioneering an innovative solution to ocean resource management:marine ranching.This concept,transforming sections of the sea into managed underwater farms,stands at the forefront of China’s food security and ecological preservation strategy.Led by institutions like the Institute of Oceanology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences,marine ranching goes beyond traditional aquaculture.It establishes managed ecosystems that not only yield food but also contribute to the restoration of marine biodiversity.This blue revolution addresses the urgent need for sustainable seafood production and aids in rehabilitating underwater ecosystems.China’s practice in this field might have provided valuable reference for global sustainable ocean management.
基金Supported by Super Rice Program for Agricultural Scientific&Technological Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSpecial Project of Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Agriculture(201203029)Special Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS-01-09B)~~
文摘Super rice is an essendal part of China＇s rice production. Through survey on actual situation of 1568 households of rice growers in Heilongjiang, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces, this paper focused on influence of super rice development on increase of China＇s grain yield, influence on increase of rice growers＇ economic in- come, difference in production cost and profit between the North and the South, as well as profit percentage of super rice in production, processing, and sales. It obtained following results： rice price determines rice growers＇ income; expansion of super rice extension area plays a great role in increase of China＇s grain yield; by 2015 and 2020, keeping the yield of other crops not changed, merely the extension of super rice can increase grain for 5 million tons and 11 million tons separately; super rice significantly increases rice growers＇ economic income; for production cost of super rice, the South is higher than the North, and the profit ratio of cost is up to 35.54% on average; with respect of profit in production, processing, and sales, the ratio is 1：2：1.5; with the yield of other crops unchanged, every increase of 1% in area percentage of super rice to rice will additionally produce 1 million tons of grain for China, which is equivalent to saving the yield of 133 300 hm2 farmland and can additional feed 3.5 million people. In view of importance of super rice production, at the same time of strengthening research on super rice variety, it is required to accelerate expanding production area of super rice in suitable areas. Since the development of super rice can support China＇s ration demand of increasing population, China should make effort to realize ＂one yuan for one mu＂ financial subsidy for super rice of main grain production provinces and counties. Besides, China should establish special financial plan for extension of super rice.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71333013 and 71503243)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y02015004 and GJHZ1312)+1 种基金the Tsinghua University, China (CIRS2016-03)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M610710)
文摘China＇s food supply and demand have significant implications for both China＇s own national food security and that of the world. This study reviews China＇s food security prospects and their implications, focusing on international trade in the coming decade. The results show that China＇s policies for ensuring food security will be enhanced and China will move to sustainable agriculture. Most studies anticipate that China will increase its food and feed imports in the coming decade. China＇s overall food self-sufficiency is likely to fall from 94.5% in 2015 to around 91% by 2025. The greatest increases in imports are likely to be soybean, maize, sugar, and dairy products. However, within the production capacity of the major exporting countries and of many food-importing developing countries, China＇s additional imports of 3 to 5% of its total food consumption in the coming decade are unlikely to threaten global food security. Indeed, the projected imports of feed and several foods could provide opportunities for many exporting countries to expand their production and save global resources.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40671007), Innovation Project of Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS
文摘The population growth and demand for high living standard not only increase food demand but also cause more loss of the limited cultivated land resources. Cultivated land loss caused by disasters and the implementation of the ＂Conversion of Cropland to Forest or Grassland＂ project make this situation even worse in China. Thus, there is a problem to be solved imminently that to what extent the cultivated land can guarantee food security of China. Based on time-series data on food production and cultivated land area from 1989 to 2003 and other research results, this paper constructs quality index of cultivated land according to different land quality. Regression models are adopted to predicate changes of main factors from 2004 to 2030, which have great effect on cultivated land area or grain productivity, and verify accuracy with coc^cient of determination （R2）. Nine results were got according to three scenarios of decreasing rate of population growth rate and three cases of urban and rural built-up area per capita. There results show that China＇s food supply can only be maintained at a low to middle level of 370-410kg per capita, that is, China has enough land productivity to meet primary demand of food independently. However, it cannot reach the safe target of 500kg per capita if there is no breakthrough in breeding or no remarkable improvement of irrigation works, when the grain self-sufficiency maintains no less than 80%. To breed productive crops and to improve land productivity by mefiorating low quality cultivated land are appropriate measures to shrink the gap between food demand and supply. The results may offer helpful information for the formulation of policies on population growth, land use, protection of cultivated land.
文摘Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world＇s population and for more than 60% of China population. Increasing rice yield is therefore crucial for solving food shortage problem, ensuring food secruity, and reducing poverty. Given the vast population and limited per capita cultivated land in China, meeting food demands by increasing the yield per unit area with the aid of advanced sciences and technologies would be the only option. Several alternative measures for increasing crop yield, such as building water conservancy facilities, increasing fertilizer application, improving soil texture, forming interrelated cultivation techniques, more effective controlling of pests and diseases, and using of elite varieties, have been undertaken. Among these alternative measures, adopting elite varieties, particularly popularizing super hybrid rice, proves to be the most economical and effective option.
