China is experiencing rapid urbanization, changes in diets, and modernization of food retailing and production. In this context, food safety can become a greater concern for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this a...China is experiencing rapid urbanization, changes in diets, and modernization of food retailing and production. In this context, food safety can become a greater concern for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this article is to review the international experiences and lessons regarding food safety management, regulation, and consumer behavior, with the goal of identifying how to improve food safety in middle income countries such as China. International experience in addressing food safety provides two general kinds of lessons. First, a middle-income country such as China needs to develop the capacity to carry out risk analysis in order to better focus public resources on the most important risks. Second, it will be important to leverage market incentives so as to make the best use of limited public capacity to enforce standards. Inter- national experiences show that food safety management is feasible where market incentives exist, and that public-private partnerships can support the process of improving food safety management. Market incentives require effective consumer or buyer demand, mechanisms to identify and reward quality, and supply chain coordination. Public efforts can be targeted to supporting these market developments for the risks that are the greatest burden to public health.展开更多
Sugar and protein are the major macronutrients＇ sources, and their balanced intake is important for animal＇s health. It has been observed that animals are able to change food preference in an imbalanced nutritional ...Sugar and protein are the major macronutrients＇ sources, and their balanced intake is important for animal＇s health. It has been observed that animals are able to change food preference in an imbalanced nutritional condition to selectively consume nutrients that are deficient in the body （Dethier, 1976）. Early studies in both Drosophila and mouse have demonstrated that animals exhibit food rejection to imbalanced diets lacking essential amino acids （Hao et al., 2005; Bjordal et al., 2014）. Furthermore, the food preference change upon protein depri- vation has been characterized using a two choice assay in Drosophila （Ribeiro and Dickson, 2010; Vargas et al., 2010）. Different from protein food, sugar is the main energy source, and sugar deficiency severely affects animal survival （Lee et al., 2008）. However, whether animals adopt a strategy of fast food preference switch upon sugar deprivation had not been investigated, and the neural mechanisms underlying this behavior regulation remain poorly understood.展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Long et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Rectal cancer patients are at risk for developing metachronous liver metastasis(M...In this article,we comment on the article by Long et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Rectal cancer patients are at risk for developing metachronous liver metastasis(MLM),yet early prediction remains challenging due to variations in tumor heterogeneity and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods.Therefore,there is an urgent need for noninvasive techniques to improve patient outcomes.Long et al’s study introduces an innovative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based radiomics model that integrates high-throughput imaging data with clinical variables to predict MLM.The study employed a 7:3 split to generate training and validation datasets.The MLM prediction model was constructed using the training set and subsequently validated on the validation set using area under the curve(AUC)and dollar-cost averaging metrics to assess performance,robustness,and generalizability.By employing advanced algorithms,the model provides a non-invasive solution to assess tumor heterogeneity for better metastasis prediction,enabling early intervention and personalized treatment planning.However,variations in MRI parameters,such as differences in scanning resolutions and protocols across facilities,patient heterogeneity(e.g.,age,comorbidities),and external factors like carcinoembryonic antigen levels introduce biases.Additionally,confounding factors such as diagnostic staging methods and patient comorbidities require further validation and adjustment to ensure accuracy and generalizability.With evolving Food and Drug Administration regulations on machine learning models in healthcare,compliance and careful consideration of these regulatory requirements are essential to ensuring safe and effective implementation of this approach in clinical practice.In the future,clinicians may be able to utilize datadriven,patient-centric artificial intelligence(AI)-enhanced imaging tools integrated with clinical data,which would help improve early detection of MLM and optimize personalized treatment strategies.Combining radiomics,genomics,histological data,and demographic information can significantly enhance the accuracy and precision of predictive models.展开更多
this paper based on the food security, the food the macroeconomic regulation and control of the operation mechanism of the general theory, focus on the China＇s grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, th...this paper based on the food security, the food the macroeconomic regulation and control of the operation mechanism of the general theory, focus on the China＇s grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, the concept of grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, the grain circulation macroeconomic regulation and control tool application, grain circulation macroeconomic regulation and control system, the problem of grain circulation system, food price formation mechanism. Through the research set up grain control of the operation mechanism of general theory.展开更多
INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public hea...INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public health implications and economic losses caused by food-borne diseases.BACKGROUND:Several programmes and initiatives have been developed worldwide both by government agencies and the private sector to achieve this goal.Food-borne diseases,caused by pathogens,natural toxins,and chemical contaminants,remain a global public health challenge,since new threats are continuously emerging while others are being controlled.Also,in many countries,the consumption of food prepared outside the home increases the exposure to the risks posed by poor hygiene in food service.In this context,a reliable sanitary surveillance system is urgently needed to identify potential hazards,conduct risk analysis,and control food-borne diseases outbreaks worldwide.BRAZILIAN SAFETY POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS:Brazil national agencies are tasked with controlling the hazards in the food chain by means of federal regulations based on a set of global sanitary authorities’guidelines.CONCLUSION:The occurrence of food-borne diseases,control measures,policies,and regulatory frameworks in Brazil drawn to ensure the quality and safety of food are presented in this paper.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Nutrient Reference Values(NRVs)play an important role in nutrition labeling and nutrition and health claims based on scientific data.This study,with a global perspective,reviewed recent trend...Background and Objectives:Nutrient Reference Values(NRVs)play an important role in nutrition labeling and nutrition and health claims based on scientific data.This study,with a global perspective,reviewed recent trends in NRVs for adults and their establishment for infants and toddlers.Methods and Study Design:We searched for laws and regulations on official government websites for nutrition labeling in the United States,Canada,Aus tralia,New Zealand,China,South Korea,Japan,the Codex Committee,and the European Union.Results:NRV revisions have been made in the United States,Canada,and South Korea.In the United States and Canada,NRVs for most nutrients,including macronutrients,vitamins,and minerals,were revised in 2016,reflecting updated Di etary Reference Intakes and new scientific findings.NRVs for infants and toddlers have already been formulated in the United States,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,and South Korea and are used for nutrition labeling.How ever,concerns have been raised regarding the labeling of all foods with NRVs for infants and toddlers,which may result in challenges in distinguishing foods formulated under different standards as appropriate for infants and toddlers.Conclusions:This study highlights recent general NRV revisions and formulation status for infants and toddlers.This provides useful information for determining the basis for future updates and the development of NRVs in various countries.展开更多
As global climate change progresses and the demand for nutritional value in food increases,new challenges have been posed for the cultivation of grains,fruits,and vegetables and the functionality of food.Traditional b...As global climate change progresses and the demand for nutritional value in food increases,new challenges have been posed for the cultivation of grains,fruits,and vegetables and the functionality of food.Traditional breeding combined with hybridization enhances grain yield,boosts fruit and vegetable production,and augments the beneficial components of food.However,these approaches fail to satisfy the diverse requirements.Gene-editing technology offers new tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR),CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs),and zinc finger nucleases(ZFNs),enabling precise modifications of plant or animal genes to enhance their characteristics.Gene-edited foods offer numerous advantages,such as increased crop yields,improved nutritional value,enhanced stress resistance,and disease resistance.However,promoting genetically edited food faces several challenges,such as safety research,international regulatory differences,and public perception and acceptance.To achieve widespread application of gene-edited food,strengthening safety research,harmonizing international regulations,and raising public awareness are essential.This review highlights the development of gene-editing technology and its application in fruits and vegetables,reviews the legal regulations and attitudes of different countries towards gene-edited food,and provides perspectives on the future of gene-edited food.展开更多
文摘China is experiencing rapid urbanization, changes in diets, and modernization of food retailing and production. In this context, food safety can become a greater concern for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this article is to review the international experiences and lessons regarding food safety management, regulation, and consumer behavior, with the goal of identifying how to improve food safety in middle income countries such as China. International experience in addressing food safety provides two general kinds of lessons. First, a middle-income country such as China needs to develop the capacity to carry out risk analysis in order to better focus public resources on the most important risks. Second, it will be important to leverage market incentives so as to make the best use of limited public capacity to enforce standards. Inter- national experiences show that food safety management is feasible where market incentives exist, and that public-private partnerships can support the process of improving food safety management. Market incentives require effective consumer or buyer demand, mechanisms to identify and reward quality, and supply chain coordination. Public efforts can be targeted to supporting these market developments for the risks that are the greatest burden to public health.
基金supported by the grants from the National Science Foundation of China(Nos. 91132709 and 31130027)
文摘Sugar and protein are the major macronutrients＇ sources, and their balanced intake is important for animal＇s health. It has been observed that animals are able to change food preference in an imbalanced nutritional condition to selectively consume nutrients that are deficient in the body （Dethier, 1976）. Early studies in both Drosophila and mouse have demonstrated that animals exhibit food rejection to imbalanced diets lacking essential amino acids （Hao et al., 2005; Bjordal et al., 2014）. Furthermore, the food preference change upon protein depri- vation has been characterized using a two choice assay in Drosophila （Ribeiro and Dickson, 2010; Vargas et al., 2010）. Different from protein food, sugar is the main energy source, and sugar deficiency severely affects animal survival （Lee et al., 2008）. However, whether animals adopt a strategy of fast food preference switch upon sugar deprivation had not been investigated, and the neural mechanisms underlying this behavior regulation remain poorly understood.
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Long et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Rectal cancer patients are at risk for developing metachronous liver metastasis(MLM),yet early prediction remains challenging due to variations in tumor heterogeneity and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods.Therefore,there is an urgent need for noninvasive techniques to improve patient outcomes.Long et al’s study introduces an innovative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based radiomics model that integrates high-throughput imaging data with clinical variables to predict MLM.The study employed a 7:3 split to generate training and validation datasets.The MLM prediction model was constructed using the training set and subsequently validated on the validation set using area under the curve(AUC)and dollar-cost averaging metrics to assess performance,robustness,and generalizability.By employing advanced algorithms,the model provides a non-invasive solution to assess tumor heterogeneity for better metastasis prediction,enabling early intervention and personalized treatment planning.However,variations in MRI parameters,such as differences in scanning resolutions and protocols across facilities,patient heterogeneity(e.g.,age,comorbidities),and external factors like carcinoembryonic antigen levels introduce biases.Additionally,confounding factors such as diagnostic staging methods and patient comorbidities require further validation and adjustment to ensure accuracy and generalizability.With evolving Food and Drug Administration regulations on machine learning models in healthcare,compliance and careful consideration of these regulatory requirements are essential to ensuring safe and effective implementation of this approach in clinical practice.In the future,clinicians may be able to utilize datadriven,patient-centric artificial intelligence(AI)-enhanced imaging tools integrated with clinical data,which would help improve early detection of MLM and optimize personalized treatment strategies.Combining radiomics,genomics,histological data,and demographic information can significantly enhance the accuracy and precision of predictive models.
文摘this paper based on the food security, the food the macroeconomic regulation and control of the operation mechanism of the general theory, focus on the China＇s grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, the concept of grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, the grain circulation macroeconomic regulation and control tool application, grain circulation macroeconomic regulation and control system, the problem of grain circulation system, food price formation mechanism. Through the research set up grain control of the operation mechanism of general theory.
文摘INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public health implications and economic losses caused by food-borne diseases.BACKGROUND:Several programmes and initiatives have been developed worldwide both by government agencies and the private sector to achieve this goal.Food-borne diseases,caused by pathogens,natural toxins,and chemical contaminants,remain a global public health challenge,since new threats are continuously emerging while others are being controlled.Also,in many countries,the consumption of food prepared outside the home increases the exposure to the risks posed by poor hygiene in food service.In this context,a reliable sanitary surveillance system is urgently needed to identify potential hazards,conduct risk analysis,and control food-borne diseases outbreaks worldwide.BRAZILIAN SAFETY POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS:Brazil national agencies are tasked with controlling the hazards in the food chain by means of federal regulations based on a set of global sanitary authorities’guidelines.CONCLUSION:The occurrence of food-borne diseases,control measures,policies,and regulatory frameworks in Brazil drawn to ensure the quality and safety of food are presented in this paper.
文摘Background and Objectives:Nutrient Reference Values(NRVs)play an important role in nutrition labeling and nutrition and health claims based on scientific data.This study,with a global perspective,reviewed recent trends in NRVs for adults and their establishment for infants and toddlers.Methods and Study Design:We searched for laws and regulations on official government websites for nutrition labeling in the United States,Canada,Aus tralia,New Zealand,China,South Korea,Japan,the Codex Committee,and the European Union.Results:NRV revisions have been made in the United States,Canada,and South Korea.In the United States and Canada,NRVs for most nutrients,including macronutrients,vitamins,and minerals,were revised in 2016,reflecting updated Di etary Reference Intakes and new scientific findings.NRVs for infants and toddlers have already been formulated in the United States,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,and South Korea and are used for nutrition labeling.How ever,concerns have been raised regarding the labeling of all foods with NRVs for infants and toddlers,which may result in challenges in distinguishing foods formulated under different standards as appropriate for infants and toddlers.Conclusions:This study highlights recent general NRV revisions and formulation status for infants and toddlers.This provides useful information for determining the basis for future updates and the development of NRVs in various countries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD2100101)the Joint NSFC-ISF Research Program(No.32061143022)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172639)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University(No.1061-00109017).
文摘As global climate change progresses and the demand for nutritional value in food increases,new challenges have been posed for the cultivation of grains,fruits,and vegetables and the functionality of food.Traditional breeding combined with hybridization enhances grain yield,boosts fruit and vegetable production,and augments the beneficial components of food.However,these approaches fail to satisfy the diverse requirements.Gene-editing technology offers new tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR),CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs),and zinc finger nucleases(ZFNs),enabling precise modifications of plant or animal genes to enhance their characteristics.Gene-edited foods offer numerous advantages,such as increased crop yields,improved nutritional value,enhanced stress resistance,and disease resistance.However,promoting genetically edited food faces several challenges,such as safety research,international regulatory differences,and public perception and acceptance.To achieve widespread application of gene-edited food,strengthening safety research,harmonizing international regulations,and raising public awareness are essential.This review highlights the development of gene-editing technology and its application in fruits and vegetables,reviews the legal regulations and attitudes of different countries towards gene-edited food,and provides perspectives on the future of gene-edited food.
