Symmetric tapered dielectric structures in metal have demonstrated applications such as the nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons, as well as the waveguiding of V-channel polaritons. Yet the fabrication of smooth...Symmetric tapered dielectric structures in metal have demonstrated applications such as the nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons, as well as the waveguiding of V-channel polaritons. Yet the fabrication of smooth-surfaced tapered structure remains an obstacle to most researchers. We have successfully developed a handy method to fabricate metal-sandwiched tapered nanostructures simply with electron beam lithography. Though these structures are slightly different from conventional symmetric V-shaped structures, systematic simulations show that similar functionality of surface plasmon polariton nanofocusing can still be achieved. When parameters are properly selected, wavelength- selective nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons can be obtained.展开更多
Blood-brain barrier disruption and the neuroinflammatory response are significant pathological features that critically influence disease progression and treatment outcomes.This review systematically analyzes the curr...Blood-brain barrier disruption and the neuroinflammatory response are significant pathological features that critically influence disease progression and treatment outcomes.This review systematically analyzes the current understanding of the bidirectional relationship between blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury,along with emerging combination therapeutic strategies.Literature review indicates that blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammatory responses are key pathological features following traumatic brain injury.In the acute phase after traumatic brain injury,the pathological characteristics include primary blood-brain barrier disruption and the activation of inflammatory cascades.In the subacute phase,the pathological features are characterized by repair mechanisms and inflammatory modulation.In the chronic phase,the pathological features show persistent low-grade inflammation and incomplete recovery of the blood-brain barrier.Various physiological changes,such as structural alterations of the blood-brain barrier,inflammatory cascades,and extracellular matrix remodeling,interact with each other and are influenced by genetic,age,sex,and environmental factors.The dynamic balance between blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammation is regulated by hormones,particularly sex hormones and stress-related hormones.Additionally,the role of gastrointestinal hormones is receiving increasing attention.Current treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury include various methods such as conventional drug combinations,multimodality neuromonitoring,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,and non-invasive brain stimulation.Artificial intelligence also shows potential in treatment decision-making and personalized therapy.Emerging sequential combination strategies and precision medicine approaches can help improve treatment outcomes;however,challenges remain,such as inadequate research on the mechanisms of the chronic phase traumatic brain injury and difficulties with technology integration.Future research on traumatic brain injury should focus on personalized treatment strategies,the standardization of techniques,costeffectiveness evaluations,and addressing the needs of patients with comorbidities.A multidisciplinary approach should be used to enhance treatment and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities,memory loss,and cognitive deterioration.The presence of the blood-brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the dev...Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities,memory loss,and cognitive deterioration.The presence of the blood-brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the development of effective drug therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.The use of ultrasound as a novel physical modulation approach has garnered widespread attention in recent years.As a safe and feasible therapeutic and drug-delivery method,ultrasound has shown promise in improving cognitive deficits.This article provides a summary of the application of ultrasound technology for treating Alzheimer’s disease over the past 5 years,including standalone ultrasound treatment,ultrasound combined with microbubbles or drug therapy,and magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound therapy.Emphasis is placed on the benefits of introducing these treatment methods and their potential mechanisms.We found that several ultrasound methods can open the blood-brain barrier and effectively alleviate amyloid-βplaque deposition.We believe that ultrasound is an effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease,and this review provides a theoretical basis for future ultrasound treatment methods.展开更多
Facial expression datasets commonly exhibit imbalances between various categories or between difficult and simple samples.This imbalance introduces bias into feature extraction within facial expression recognition(FER...Facial expression datasets commonly exhibit imbalances between various categories or between difficult and simple samples.This imbalance introduces bias into feature extraction within facial expression recognition(FER)models,which hinders the algorithm’s comprehension of emotional states and reduces the overall recognition accuracy.A novel FER model is introduced to address these issues.It integrates rebalancing mechanisms to regulate attention consistency and focus,offering enhanced efficacy.Our approach proposes the following improvements:(i)rebalancing weights are used to enhance the consistency between the heatmaps of an original face sample and its horizontally flipped counterpart;(ii)coefficient factors are incorporated into the standard cross entropy loss function,and rebalancing weights are incorporated to fine-tune the loss adjustment.Experimental results indicate that the FER model outperforms the current leading algorithm,MEK,achieving 0.69%and 2.01%increases in overall and average recognition accuracies,respectively,on the RAF-DB dataset.The model exhibits accuracy improvements of 0.49%and 1.01%in the AffectNet dataset and 0.83%and 1.23%in the FERPlus dataset,respectively.These outcomes validate the superiority and stability of the proposed FER model.展开更多
In the dim light of Studio A at the Jack Doyle Athletics and Recreation Centre,the air is thick with sweat and the sounds of focused concentrated effort.The rhythmic pounding of gloves hitting bags and the steady boun...In the dim light of Studio A at the Jack Doyle Athletics and Recreation Centre,the air is thick with sweat and the sounds of focused concentrated effort.The rhythmic pounding of gloves hitting bags and the steady bounce of jump ropes fill the room.This is my hideaway—a place where every strike and kick is a conversation with myself.展开更多
Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surve...Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surveys from 337 employees across diverse organizations.The results indicate that vicarious abusive supervision significantly undermines both self-efficacy and task performance among employees who are indirectly exposed to such behavior but not directly targeted.Furthermore,self-efficacy serves as a mediator between vicarious abusive supervision and task performance;however,this mediating effect is attenuated for employees with a high promotion focus.These findings provide valuable theoretical and practical insights,particularly in the domain of organizational behavior,by emphasizing the critical role of promotion focus in mitigating the negative effects of vicarious abusive supervision.This research contributes to the organizational behavior literature by shifting the focus from the traditional supervisor-subordinate dynamic to a third-party perspective,thereby enriching our understanding of how vicarious abusive supervision impacts employees within organizational settings.The study underscores the importance of self-efficacy and promotion focus as key factors in unethical leadership contexts.展开更多
President Xi Jinping’s message at China’s annual“two sessions”underpins the role of scientific and technological innovation and education in promoting national development.IN this year’s“two sessions,”the annua...President Xi Jinping’s message at China’s annual“two sessions”underpins the role of scientific and technological innovation and education in promoting national development.IN this year’s“two sessions,”the annual meetings of China’s top legislature and the top political advisory body.展开更多
AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract s...AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:An investigator-initiated,single-center,prospective,interventional,noncomparative study conducted in Montreal,Canada.The study enrolled 31 patients(55 eyes)with OHT or mild glaucoma who received a non-diffractive EDOF IOL(Acrysof IQ Vivity).Participants underwent sequential cataract surgery with the Vivity IOL.Follow-up evaluations occurred at 1d,1,and 3mo postoperatively,assessing uncorrected distance,intermediate,and near visual acuity.Questionnaires(QUVID:Questionnaire for visual disturbances and IOLSAT:Intraocular lens satisfaction)were administered pre and post-operatively to measure visual disturbances and spectacle independence in various lighting.Safety parameters included intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma medications,spherical equivalence,mean deviation and pattern standard deviation or square root of lost variance on Octopus visual field.RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo postoperatively,significant improvements were observed in uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity.Spectacle independence was enhanced for distance and intermediate vision,especially in bright light settings.Spectacle-free intermediate vision was improved even in dim lighting.Visual disturbances,particularly glare symptoms,were reduced,and there was a notable decrease in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at 3mo.There was more hazy vision postoperatively with no impact on visual acuity and visual satisfaction.CONCLUSION:The non-diffractive EDOF lens improves distance and intermediate spectacle-free visual function in patients with OHT and well-controlled glaucoma.The findings highlight significant improvements in visual acuity,reduced glare,enhanced spectacle independence,and improved visual performance in different lighting conditions.展开更多
With the continuous advancement of steganographic techniques,the task of image steganalysis has become increasingly challenging,posing significant obstacles to the fields of information security and digital forensics....With the continuous advancement of steganographic techniques,the task of image steganalysis has become increasingly challenging,posing significant obstacles to the fields of information security and digital forensics.Although existing deep learning methods have achieved certain progress in steganography detection,they still encounter several difficulties in real-world applications.Specifically,current methods often struggle to accurately focus on steganography sensitive regions,leading to limited detection accuracy.Moreover,feature information is frequently lost during transmission,which further reduces the model’s generalization ability.These issues not only compromise the reliability of steganography detection but also hinder its applicability in complex scenarios.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel deep image steganalysis network designed to enhance detection accuracy and improve the retention of steganographic information through multilevel feature optimization and global perceptual modeling.The network consists of three core modules:the preprocessing module,the feature extraction module,and the classification module.In the preprocessing stage,a Spatial Rich Model(SRM)filter is introduced to extract the high-frequency residual information of the image to initially enhance the steganographic features;at the same time,a lightweight Densely Connected Convolutional Networks(DenseNet)structure is proposed to enhance the effective transmission and retention of the features and alleviate the information loss problem in the deep network.In the feature extraction stage,a hybrid modeling structure combining depth-separated convolution and ordinary convolution is constructed to improve the feature extraction efficiency and feature description capability;in addition,a dual-domain adaptive attention mechanism integrating channel and spatial dimensions is designed to dynamically allocate feature weights to achieve precise focusing on the steganography-sensitive region.Finally,the classification module adopts dual fully connected layers to realize the effective differentiation between coverage and steganography maps.These innovative designs not only effectively improve the accuracy and generalization ability of steganography detection,but also provide a new efficient network structure for the field of steganalysis.Numerous experimental results show that the detection performance of the proposed method outperforms the existing mainstream methods,such as SR-Net,TSNet,and CVTStego-Net,on the publicly available dataset BOSSbase and BOSW2.Meanwhile,multiple ablation experiments further validate the validity and reasonableness of the proposed network structure.These results not only promote the development of steganalysis technology but also provide more reliable detection tools for the fields of information security and digital forensics.展开更多
Dear Editor,Chemotherapy remains ineffective against solid tumors due to their dense extracellular matrix, abnormal vasculature, and high interstitial pressure coalesce to create a barrier to drug penetration and dist...Dear Editor,Chemotherapy remains ineffective against solid tumors due to their dense extracellular matrix, abnormal vasculature, and high interstitial pressure coalesce to create a barrier to drug penetration and distribution. This challenge is even particularly pronounced in pancreatic and brain tumors, where chemotherapy response rates remain dismal.The advent of ultrasonic tumor permeabilization using focused ultrasound and microbubble technology represents a significant breakthrough in research on overcoming drug resistance in solid tumors toward overcoming these barriers and improving outcomes.[1]展开更多
BACKGROUND The integration of patient-nurse communication language and focused psychological nursing can provide a reference for nursing interventions in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.AIM To analyze the...BACKGROUND The integration of patient-nurse communication language and focused psychological nursing can provide a reference for nursing interventions in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.AIM To analyze the impact of patient-nurse communicative language combined with focused psychological nursing on psychological and physiological stress responses,coping styles,health behaviors,and complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.METHODS Eighty patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between October 2021 and August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 40 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,while the observation group was provided with patient-nurse communicative language combined with focused psychological nursing care.Psychological stress responses,physiological stress responses,coping styles,health behaviors,incidence of complications,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After nursing,the observation group showed a significant improvement in psychological stress responses,with the average score on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale increasing from 23.22±1.08 to 30.14±2.78(P<0.05).On postoperative awakening,the heart rate of the observation group was 78.36±2.98 times/min,significantly lower than the control group's 81.14±2.44 times/min(P<0.05),and the mean arterial blood pressure was 12.06±1.26 kPa,compared to the control group's 13.45±1.17 kPa(P<0.05).The coping style scale scores of the observation group improved from 17.25±1.40 to 23.64±1.52 for confrontation,16.94±1.24 to 12.11±1.02 for avoidance,and 21.69±2.63 to 15.32±1.41 for submission(P<0.05).The health promotion lifestyle profile scores of the observation group increased from 104.25±6.77 to 133.61±10.25(P<0.05).The incidence of complications,such as wound infection and abdominal distension,in the observation group was 2.50%,significantly lower than that in the control group(20.00%;P<0.05).Nursing satisfaction in the observation group was 95.00%,significantly higher than that in the control group(80.00%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The integration of patient-nurse communicative language and focused psychological nursing can alleviate psychological and physiological stress responses in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery,improve their coping styles and health behaviors,reduce the risk of complications,and enhance nursing satisfaction,yielding ideal clinical outcomes.展开更多
Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)has emerged as a promising two-dimensional material for quantum and optoelectronic applications,with its unique ability to host engineered defects enabling single-photon emission and spin ...Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)has emerged as a promising two-dimensional material for quantum and optoelectronic applications,with its unique ability to host engineered defects enabling single-photon emission and spin manipulation.This study investigates defect formation in h-BN using focused helium ion beam(He^(+)FIB)irradiation and post-annealing treatments.We demonstrate that helium ion irradiation at doses up to 2×10^(9) ions/μm^(2) does not induce phase transitions or amorphization.Spectroscopic analyses,including differential reflectance spectroscopy(DRS),photoluminescence(PL),and Raman spectroscopy,reveal substantial defect formation and structural modifications.Notably,the irradiation induces a softening of in-plane and interlayer phonon modes,characterized by frequency redshifts of 10.5 cm^(-1) and 3.2 cm^(-1),respectively.While high-temperature thermal annealing mitigates lattice defects and facilitates single-photon emission,the E_(2g) peak width remains 38%broader and the shear mode peak width is 60%broader compared to pre-annealing conditions in the Raman spectra,indicating residual structural degradation.These findings provide insights into defect engineering mechanisms in h-BN,offering guidance for optimizing processing conditions and advancing quantum and optoelectronic device technologies.展开更多
As a non-invasive surgical procedure ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)has gained attention among ophthalmologists in recent years.Derived from the application of highintensity focused ultrasound,it has been utilized for the...As a non-invasive surgical procedure ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)has gained attention among ophthalmologists in recent years.Derived from the application of highintensity focused ultrasound,it has been utilized for the treatment of various types of glaucoma,demonstrating notable efficacy and safety.This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of UCP in treating glaucoma among Asian populations.By summarizing and analyzing existing literature on indications,therapeutic outcomes,and safety profiles,this review further highlights the unique advantages of UCP in glaucoma treatment compared to traditional surgical approaches.These advantages include broader indications,non-invasive nature,quantifiable treatment,excellent intraocular pressure-lowering effects,fewer adverse reactions,and high safety.Additionally,by introducing the underlying mechanism of action,this review explores the factors influencing its therapeutic efficacy,providing theoretical insights for clinical practice and demonstrating UCP’s potential in glaucoma management.展开更多
Techniques for manipulating nanodroplets lie at the core of numerous miniaturized systems in chemical and biological research endeavors.In this study,we introduce a versatile methodology for calculating the acoustic v...Techniques for manipulating nanodroplets lie at the core of numerous miniaturized systems in chemical and biological research endeavors.In this study,we introduce a versatile methodology for calculating the acoustic vortex field,integrating hybrid wave equation principles with ray acoustics.This approach demonstrates remarkable consistency between simulated results and experimental observations.Importantly,both theoretical analysis and experimental validation confirm that particles whose diameters match the wavelength(Mie particles)can be effectively trapped within a focused acoustic vortex field,rotating in circular trajectories centered at the vortex center.This research significantly expands the scope of acoustic vortex manipulation for larger particles and introduces a novel implementation strategy with potential applications in targeted drug delivery for clinical adjuvant therapy.展开更多
Transcranial focused ultrasound(tFUS)is an emerging modality with strong potential for non-invasively treating brain disorders.However,the inhomogeneity and complex structure of the skull induce substantial phase aber...Transcranial focused ultrasound(tFUS)is an emerging modality with strong potential for non-invasively treating brain disorders.However,the inhomogeneity and complex structure of the skull induce substantial phase aberrations and pressure attenuation;these can distort and shift the acoustic focus,thus hindering the efficiency of tFUS therapy.To achieve effective treatments,phased array transducers combined with aberration correction algorithms are commonly implemented.The present report aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current methods used for tFUS phase aberration correction.We first searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies on phase aberration correction algorithms,identifying 54 articles for review.Relevant information,including the principles of algorithms and refocusing performances,were then extracted from the selected articles.The phase correction algorithms involved two main steps:acoustic field estimation and transmitted pulse adjustment.Our review identified key benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of these algorithms,each of which was used in at least three studies.These benchmarks included pressure and intensity,positioning error,focal region size,peak sidelobe ratio,and computational efficiency.Algorithm performances varied under different benchmarks,thus highlighting the importance of application-specific algorithm selection for achieving optimal tFUS therapy outcomes.The present review provides a thorough overview and comparison of various phase correction algorithms,and may offer valuable guidance to tFUS researchers when selecting appropriate phase correction algorithms for specific applications.展开更多
It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing the...It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing theories,such as those by von Finte1 and Rooth,fail to ad-equately account for this phenomenon.In this paper,I exposit the drawbacks of these theories and then propose a novel account,ie.the Good Question-Answer(GQA)view.The GQA account posits that focus triggers question-answer pairs,and pragmatic pressures conceming the adequacy of such question answer pairs in contexts are able to affect the truth-conditions of counterfactuals.I also argue for the GQA account by appeal to its theoretical virtues.展开更多
This paper explores the phenomenon of fluid resonance occurring within a narrow gap between a vessel and a vertical wharf, taking ships berthing in front of a gravity wharf as the research background. Using the open-s...This paper explores the phenomenon of fluid resonance occurring within a narrow gap between a vessel and a vertical wharf, taking ships berthing in front of a gravity wharf as the research background. Using the open-source software Open FOAM~?, a two-dimensional viscous-flow numerical wave flume was developed to simulate the fluid resonant motions induced by transient focused wave groups with different spectral peak periods and wave amplitudes. The results indicate that for all the incident focused wave amplitudes considered, the amplitudes of the free surface elevation in the gap, horizontal wave force and moment all exhibit a bimodal variation trend with increasing spectral peak period. The peak values of the above amplitude-period curve appear near the resonant period of the first and second harmonic components of the free surface elevation. However, the variation in the vertical wave force versus the spectral peak period presents different patterns. In addition, the first-to fourth-order harmonic components in the wave surface and forces are further examined via the four-phase combination method. The results show that the first-to secondorder harmonic components play a dominant role in the overall amplitude.展开更多
BACKGROUND Aging is an inevitable aspect of human life,characterized by the gradual decline in the function of individual cells and structural components,including bones,muscles,and ligaments.AIM To evaluate the clini...BACKGROUND Aging is an inevitable aspect of human life,characterized by the gradual decline in the function of individual cells and structural components,including bones,muscles,and ligaments.AIM To evaluate the clinical effects of radiofrequency technology in treating facial skin wrinkles and laxity.METHODS This study included 60 female patients,aged 36-58 years(mean age 47.71±1.56 years),who received focused radiofrequency technology treatment for facial wrinkles and laxity in the Department of Medical Cosmetology at our hospital between January 2021 and June 2022.Each patient underwent three treatment sessions,one every two months.Facial photographs were taken before treatment and one week after the final session.A single physician assessed wrinkle severity using a standardized wrinkle severity scale,and patients completed a satisfaction questionnaire one week after the last treatment.RESULTS After three consecutive radiofrequency treatments,performed every two months,patients exhibited significantly reduced wrinkles and skin laxity compared to baseline.One week after the third treatment,the mean facial wrinkle severity score had significantly decreased from 3.00±0.79 to 2.71±0.47(t=2.58,P<0.05).Additionally,88.24%of patients reported noticeable improvements in facial wrinkles and skin laxity.No serious adverse reactions occurred during or follow-ing treatment.CONCLUSION Radiofrequency technology demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in improving facial skin wrinkles and laxity.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 90606023, 10574003 and 20731160012)a National 973 Project (Grant No 2007CB936202 and 2009CB623703)MOST from China's Ministry of Science and Technology and Hong Kong's NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme (Project No N HKUST615/06)
文摘Symmetric tapered dielectric structures in metal have demonstrated applications such as the nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons, as well as the waveguiding of V-channel polaritons. Yet the fabrication of smooth-surfaced tapered structure remains an obstacle to most researchers. We have successfully developed a handy method to fabricate metal-sandwiched tapered nanostructures simply with electron beam lithography. Though these structures are slightly different from conventional symmetric V-shaped structures, systematic simulations show that similar functionality of surface plasmon polariton nanofocusing can still be achieved. When parameters are properly selected, wavelength- selective nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons can be obtained.
基金supported by Open Scientific Research Program of Military Logistics,No.BLB20J009(to YZhao).
文摘Blood-brain barrier disruption and the neuroinflammatory response are significant pathological features that critically influence disease progression and treatment outcomes.This review systematically analyzes the current understanding of the bidirectional relationship between blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury,along with emerging combination therapeutic strategies.Literature review indicates that blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammatory responses are key pathological features following traumatic brain injury.In the acute phase after traumatic brain injury,the pathological characteristics include primary blood-brain barrier disruption and the activation of inflammatory cascades.In the subacute phase,the pathological features are characterized by repair mechanisms and inflammatory modulation.In the chronic phase,the pathological features show persistent low-grade inflammation and incomplete recovery of the blood-brain barrier.Various physiological changes,such as structural alterations of the blood-brain barrier,inflammatory cascades,and extracellular matrix remodeling,interact with each other and are influenced by genetic,age,sex,and environmental factors.The dynamic balance between blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammation is regulated by hormones,particularly sex hormones and stress-related hormones.Additionally,the role of gastrointestinal hormones is receiving increasing attention.Current treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury include various methods such as conventional drug combinations,multimodality neuromonitoring,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,and non-invasive brain stimulation.Artificial intelligence also shows potential in treatment decision-making and personalized therapy.Emerging sequential combination strategies and precision medicine approaches can help improve treatment outcomes;however,challenges remain,such as inadequate research on the mechanisms of the chronic phase traumatic brain injury and difficulties with technology integration.Future research on traumatic brain injury should focus on personalized treatment strategies,the standardization of techniques,costeffectiveness evaluations,and addressing the needs of patients with comorbidities.A multidisciplinary approach should be used to enhance treatment and improve patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82371886(to JY),81925020(to DM),82202797(to LW),and 82271218(to CZ).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities,memory loss,and cognitive deterioration.The presence of the blood-brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the development of effective drug therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.The use of ultrasound as a novel physical modulation approach has garnered widespread attention in recent years.As a safe and feasible therapeutic and drug-delivery method,ultrasound has shown promise in improving cognitive deficits.This article provides a summary of the application of ultrasound technology for treating Alzheimer’s disease over the past 5 years,including standalone ultrasound treatment,ultrasound combined with microbubbles or drug therapy,and magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound therapy.Emphasis is placed on the benefits of introducing these treatment methods and their potential mechanisms.We found that several ultrasound methods can open the blood-brain barrier and effectively alleviate amyloid-βplaque deposition.We believe that ultrasound is an effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease,and this review provides a theoretical basis for future ultrasound treatment methods.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 62477023).
文摘Facial expression datasets commonly exhibit imbalances between various categories or between difficult and simple samples.This imbalance introduces bias into feature extraction within facial expression recognition(FER)models,which hinders the algorithm’s comprehension of emotional states and reduces the overall recognition accuracy.A novel FER model is introduced to address these issues.It integrates rebalancing mechanisms to regulate attention consistency and focus,offering enhanced efficacy.Our approach proposes the following improvements:(i)rebalancing weights are used to enhance the consistency between the heatmaps of an original face sample and its horizontally flipped counterpart;(ii)coefficient factors are incorporated into the standard cross entropy loss function,and rebalancing weights are incorporated to fine-tune the loss adjustment.Experimental results indicate that the FER model outperforms the current leading algorithm,MEK,achieving 0.69%and 2.01%increases in overall and average recognition accuracies,respectively,on the RAF-DB dataset.The model exhibits accuracy improvements of 0.49%and 1.01%in the AffectNet dataset and 0.83%and 1.23%in the FERPlus dataset,respectively.These outcomes validate the superiority and stability of the proposed FER model.
文摘In the dim light of Studio A at the Jack Doyle Athletics and Recreation Centre,the air is thick with sweat and the sounds of focused concentrated effort.The rhythmic pounding of gloves hitting bags and the steady bounce of jump ropes fill the room.This is my hideaway—a place where every strike and kick is a conversation with myself.
文摘Drawing upon self-determination theory,this study examines the effects of vicarious abusive supervision on third-party’s self-efficacy and task performance within organizational contexts.Data were collected via surveys from 337 employees across diverse organizations.The results indicate that vicarious abusive supervision significantly undermines both self-efficacy and task performance among employees who are indirectly exposed to such behavior but not directly targeted.Furthermore,self-efficacy serves as a mediator between vicarious abusive supervision and task performance;however,this mediating effect is attenuated for employees with a high promotion focus.These findings provide valuable theoretical and practical insights,particularly in the domain of organizational behavior,by emphasizing the critical role of promotion focus in mitigating the negative effects of vicarious abusive supervision.This research contributes to the organizational behavior literature by shifting the focus from the traditional supervisor-subordinate dynamic to a third-party perspective,thereby enriching our understanding of how vicarious abusive supervision impacts employees within organizational settings.The study underscores the importance of self-efficacy and promotion focus as key factors in unethical leadership contexts.
文摘President Xi Jinping’s message at China’s annual“two sessions”underpins the role of scientific and technological innovation and education in promoting national development.IN this year’s“two sessions,”the annual meetings of China’s top legislature and the top political advisory body.
文摘AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:An investigator-initiated,single-center,prospective,interventional,noncomparative study conducted in Montreal,Canada.The study enrolled 31 patients(55 eyes)with OHT or mild glaucoma who received a non-diffractive EDOF IOL(Acrysof IQ Vivity).Participants underwent sequential cataract surgery with the Vivity IOL.Follow-up evaluations occurred at 1d,1,and 3mo postoperatively,assessing uncorrected distance,intermediate,and near visual acuity.Questionnaires(QUVID:Questionnaire for visual disturbances and IOLSAT:Intraocular lens satisfaction)were administered pre and post-operatively to measure visual disturbances and spectacle independence in various lighting.Safety parameters included intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma medications,spherical equivalence,mean deviation and pattern standard deviation or square root of lost variance on Octopus visual field.RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo postoperatively,significant improvements were observed in uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity.Spectacle independence was enhanced for distance and intermediate vision,especially in bright light settings.Spectacle-free intermediate vision was improved even in dim lighting.Visual disturbances,particularly glare symptoms,were reduced,and there was a notable decrease in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at 3mo.There was more hazy vision postoperatively with no impact on visual acuity and visual satisfaction.CONCLUSION:The non-diffractive EDOF lens improves distance and intermediate spectacle-free visual function in patients with OHT and well-controlled glaucoma.The findings highlight significant improvements in visual acuity,reduced glare,enhanced spectacle independence,and improved visual performance in different lighting conditions.
基金supported in part by Gansu Province Higher Education Institutions Industrial Support Program under Grant 2020C 29in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61562002.
文摘With the continuous advancement of steganographic techniques,the task of image steganalysis has become increasingly challenging,posing significant obstacles to the fields of information security and digital forensics.Although existing deep learning methods have achieved certain progress in steganography detection,they still encounter several difficulties in real-world applications.Specifically,current methods often struggle to accurately focus on steganography sensitive regions,leading to limited detection accuracy.Moreover,feature information is frequently lost during transmission,which further reduces the model’s generalization ability.These issues not only compromise the reliability of steganography detection but also hinder its applicability in complex scenarios.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel deep image steganalysis network designed to enhance detection accuracy and improve the retention of steganographic information through multilevel feature optimization and global perceptual modeling.The network consists of three core modules:the preprocessing module,the feature extraction module,and the classification module.In the preprocessing stage,a Spatial Rich Model(SRM)filter is introduced to extract the high-frequency residual information of the image to initially enhance the steganographic features;at the same time,a lightweight Densely Connected Convolutional Networks(DenseNet)structure is proposed to enhance the effective transmission and retention of the features and alleviate the information loss problem in the deep network.In the feature extraction stage,a hybrid modeling structure combining depth-separated convolution and ordinary convolution is constructed to improve the feature extraction efficiency and feature description capability;in addition,a dual-domain adaptive attention mechanism integrating channel and spatial dimensions is designed to dynamically allocate feature weights to achieve precise focusing on the steganography-sensitive region.Finally,the classification module adopts dual fully connected layers to realize the effective differentiation between coverage and steganography maps.These innovative designs not only effectively improve the accuracy and generalization ability of steganography detection,but also provide a new efficient network structure for the field of steganalysis.Numerous experimental results show that the detection performance of the proposed method outperforms the existing mainstream methods,such as SR-Net,TSNet,and CVTStego-Net,on the publicly available dataset BOSSbase and BOSW2.Meanwhile,multiple ablation experiments further validate the validity and reasonableness of the proposed network structure.These results not only promote the development of steganalysis technology but also provide more reliable detection tools for the fields of information security and digital forensics.
文摘Dear Editor,Chemotherapy remains ineffective against solid tumors due to their dense extracellular matrix, abnormal vasculature, and high interstitial pressure coalesce to create a barrier to drug penetration and distribution. This challenge is even particularly pronounced in pancreatic and brain tumors, where chemotherapy response rates remain dismal.The advent of ultrasonic tumor permeabilization using focused ultrasound and microbubble technology represents a significant breakthrough in research on overcoming drug resistance in solid tumors toward overcoming these barriers and improving outcomes.[1]
文摘BACKGROUND The integration of patient-nurse communication language and focused psychological nursing can provide a reference for nursing interventions in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.AIM To analyze the impact of patient-nurse communicative language combined with focused psychological nursing on psychological and physiological stress responses,coping styles,health behaviors,and complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.METHODS Eighty patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between October 2021 and August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 40 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,while the observation group was provided with patient-nurse communicative language combined with focused psychological nursing care.Psychological stress responses,physiological stress responses,coping styles,health behaviors,incidence of complications,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After nursing,the observation group showed a significant improvement in psychological stress responses,with the average score on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale increasing from 23.22±1.08 to 30.14±2.78(P<0.05).On postoperative awakening,the heart rate of the observation group was 78.36±2.98 times/min,significantly lower than the control group's 81.14±2.44 times/min(P<0.05),and the mean arterial blood pressure was 12.06±1.26 kPa,compared to the control group's 13.45±1.17 kPa(P<0.05).The coping style scale scores of the observation group improved from 17.25±1.40 to 23.64±1.52 for confrontation,16.94±1.24 to 12.11±1.02 for avoidance,and 21.69±2.63 to 15.32±1.41 for submission(P<0.05).The health promotion lifestyle profile scores of the observation group increased from 104.25±6.77 to 133.61±10.25(P<0.05).The incidence of complications,such as wound infection and abdominal distension,in the observation group was 2.50%,significantly lower than that in the control group(20.00%;P<0.05).Nursing satisfaction in the observation group was 95.00%,significantly higher than that in the control group(80.00%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The integration of patient-nurse communicative language and focused psychological nursing can alleviate psychological and physiological stress responses in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery,improve their coping styles and health behaviors,reduce the risk of complications,and enhance nursing satisfaction,yielding ideal clinical outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11727902,12074372,12174385,12334014,and 12304112).
文摘Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)has emerged as a promising two-dimensional material for quantum and optoelectronic applications,with its unique ability to host engineered defects enabling single-photon emission and spin manipulation.This study investigates defect formation in h-BN using focused helium ion beam(He^(+)FIB)irradiation and post-annealing treatments.We demonstrate that helium ion irradiation at doses up to 2×10^(9) ions/μm^(2) does not induce phase transitions or amorphization.Spectroscopic analyses,including differential reflectance spectroscopy(DRS),photoluminescence(PL),and Raman spectroscopy,reveal substantial defect formation and structural modifications.Notably,the irradiation induces a softening of in-plane and interlayer phonon modes,characterized by frequency redshifts of 10.5 cm^(-1) and 3.2 cm^(-1),respectively.While high-temperature thermal annealing mitigates lattice defects and facilitates single-photon emission,the E_(2g) peak width remains 38%broader and the shear mode peak width is 60%broader compared to pre-annealing conditions in the Raman spectra,indicating residual structural degradation.These findings provide insights into defect engineering mechanisms in h-BN,offering guidance for optimizing processing conditions and advancing quantum and optoelectronic device technologies.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070964)Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2022JC-60)+3 种基金the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects(No.2024GH-YBXM-20)Xi’an Medical University Undergraduate Open Experimental Research Fund(No.2024DXS02)Yizhen Genetic Talent Development Program(No.2023YZ10)The Open Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology(No.83000-32030002).
文摘As a non-invasive surgical procedure ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)has gained attention among ophthalmologists in recent years.Derived from the application of highintensity focused ultrasound,it has been utilized for the treatment of various types of glaucoma,demonstrating notable efficacy and safety.This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of UCP in treating glaucoma among Asian populations.By summarizing and analyzing existing literature on indications,therapeutic outcomes,and safety profiles,this review further highlights the unique advantages of UCP in glaucoma treatment compared to traditional surgical approaches.These advantages include broader indications,non-invasive nature,quantifiable treatment,excellent intraocular pressure-lowering effects,fewer adverse reactions,and high safety.Additionally,by introducing the underlying mechanism of action,this review explores the factors influencing its therapeutic efficacy,providing theoretical insights for clinical practice and demonstrating UCP’s potential in glaucoma management.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0201900)。
文摘Techniques for manipulating nanodroplets lie at the core of numerous miniaturized systems in chemical and biological research endeavors.In this study,we introduce a versatile methodology for calculating the acoustic vortex field,integrating hybrid wave equation principles with ray acoustics.This approach demonstrates remarkable consistency between simulated results and experimental observations.Importantly,both theoretical analysis and experimental validation confirm that particles whose diameters match the wavelength(Mie particles)can be effectively trapped within a focused acoustic vortex field,rotating in circular trajectories centered at the vortex center.This research significantly expands the scope of acoustic vortex manipulation for larger particles and introduces a novel implementation strategy with potential applications in targeted drug delivery for clinical adjuvant therapy.
基金supported by Start-Up Grant From ShanghaiTech University,2021F0209-000-09Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality,23ZR1442000。
文摘Transcranial focused ultrasound(tFUS)is an emerging modality with strong potential for non-invasively treating brain disorders.However,the inhomogeneity and complex structure of the skull induce substantial phase aberrations and pressure attenuation;these can distort and shift the acoustic focus,thus hindering the efficiency of tFUS therapy.To achieve effective treatments,phased array transducers combined with aberration correction algorithms are commonly implemented.The present report aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current methods used for tFUS phase aberration correction.We first searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies on phase aberration correction algorithms,identifying 54 articles for review.Relevant information,including the principles of algorithms and refocusing performances,were then extracted from the selected articles.The phase correction algorithms involved two main steps:acoustic field estimation and transmitted pulse adjustment.Our review identified key benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of these algorithms,each of which was used in at least three studies.These benchmarks included pressure and intensity,positioning error,focal region size,peak sidelobe ratio,and computational efficiency.Algorithm performances varied under different benchmarks,thus highlighting the importance of application-specific algorithm selection for achieving optimal tFUS therapy outcomes.The present review provides a thorough overview and comparison of various phase correction algorithms,and may offer valuable guidance to tFUS researchers when selecting appropriate phase correction algorithms for specific applications.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.23&ZD240)。
文摘It has long been noticed that focus is able to influence the truth-conditions of coun-terfactual conditionals.Namely,stressing different parts of a counterfactual leads to distinct interpretations.However,existing theories,such as those by von Finte1 and Rooth,fail to ad-equately account for this phenomenon.In this paper,I exposit the drawbacks of these theories and then propose a novel account,ie.the Good Question-Answer(GQA)view.The GQA account posits that focus triggers question-answer pairs,and pragmatic pressures conceming the adequacy of such question answer pairs in contexts are able to affect the truth-conditions of counterfactuals.I also argue for the GQA account by appeal to its theoretical virtues.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52371277)the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation (Tianjin University)(Grant No. HESS-2323)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. KYCX24_4071)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2023A1515010890)the Open foundation of Key Laboratory of Port.Waterway&Sedimentation Engineering (Grant No. Yk224001-1)。
文摘This paper explores the phenomenon of fluid resonance occurring within a narrow gap between a vessel and a vertical wharf, taking ships berthing in front of a gravity wharf as the research background. Using the open-source software Open FOAM~?, a two-dimensional viscous-flow numerical wave flume was developed to simulate the fluid resonant motions induced by transient focused wave groups with different spectral peak periods and wave amplitudes. The results indicate that for all the incident focused wave amplitudes considered, the amplitudes of the free surface elevation in the gap, horizontal wave force and moment all exhibit a bimodal variation trend with increasing spectral peak period. The peak values of the above amplitude-period curve appear near the resonant period of the first and second harmonic components of the free surface elevation. However, the variation in the vertical wave force versus the spectral peak period presents different patterns. In addition, the first-to fourth-order harmonic components in the wave surface and forces are further examined via the four-phase combination method. The results show that the first-to secondorder harmonic components play a dominant role in the overall amplitude.
文摘BACKGROUND Aging is an inevitable aspect of human life,characterized by the gradual decline in the function of individual cells and structural components,including bones,muscles,and ligaments.AIM To evaluate the clinical effects of radiofrequency technology in treating facial skin wrinkles and laxity.METHODS This study included 60 female patients,aged 36-58 years(mean age 47.71±1.56 years),who received focused radiofrequency technology treatment for facial wrinkles and laxity in the Department of Medical Cosmetology at our hospital between January 2021 and June 2022.Each patient underwent three treatment sessions,one every two months.Facial photographs were taken before treatment and one week after the final session.A single physician assessed wrinkle severity using a standardized wrinkle severity scale,and patients completed a satisfaction questionnaire one week after the last treatment.RESULTS After three consecutive radiofrequency treatments,performed every two months,patients exhibited significantly reduced wrinkles and skin laxity compared to baseline.One week after the third treatment,the mean facial wrinkle severity score had significantly decreased from 3.00±0.79 to 2.71±0.47(t=2.58,P<0.05).Additionally,88.24%of patients reported noticeable improvements in facial wrinkles and skin laxity.No serious adverse reactions occurred during or follow-ing treatment.CONCLUSION Radiofrequency technology demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in improving facial skin wrinkles and laxity.
