Several studies have shown a major development in height and cannon bone circumference in foals from birth to weaning and from different breeds. However, in Brazil, there is little information about foal development. ...Several studies have shown a major development in height and cannon bone circumference in foals from birth to weaning and from different breeds. However, in Brazil, there is little information about foal development. For this reason, this study has used data on foals from seven different farms in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, where horses have a major economic importance. The aim of this study was to compare foal’s development from four breeds and to develop a regression formula in order to estimate such development. It was used data from 210 suckling foals (Arabians n = 18, Campolina n = 86, Mangalarga Marchador n = 42 and Quarter Horses n = 64), raised in similar management practices. Their height at withers, heart girth, and cannon bone girth were measured monthly from birth to weaning. Data we reanalyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Test, with P established in 5%. The highest mean of height at withers was observed in the Arabian foals, and it was similar to Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador foals. The last breed presented a higher percentage of gain in height (~36%) and higher heart girth. On the other hand, Campolina foals had the highest mean of cannon bone girth. There was a significant interaction between breed and development phase in heart and cannon bone girths. All regression for mulas obtained from this data was very significant, and it was showed that they can predict height at withers in the four breeds studied. Heart and cannon bone girths showed medium value of R2 and large significance. It is important to highlight that fetal programing produces significant impact on foal development, even after weaning. So, this study would have observed some more changes if its scope had been extended beyond this phase.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to report the use and assess the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for the treatment of carpal joint valgus deformities (CJVDs) in young foals. Only foals with CJVDs grea...The purpose of this study was to report the use and assess the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for the treatment of carpal joint valgus deformities (CJVDs) in young foals. Only foals with CJVDs greater than 5° were included in the study. Foals were assigned to 3 treatment groups based on their degree of CJVD measured during the initial evaluation: valgus deformity (VD) of 5° to 8.9° (Group 1), VD of 9° to 11.9° (Group 2) and VD greater than or equal to 12° (Group 3). ESWT was applied on the convex side of the angular deformity immediately following the initial radiographic evaluation. Foals were subsequently evaluated clinically and radiologically followed by treatment every 10 days until resolution of the VD, with resolution defined as a deviation less than 5 degrees. Each treatment group received specific exercise, hoof trimming and hoof/shoe extension recommendations. Sixty-four (64) foals were included in the study;ages ranged from 8 to 60 days old at inclusion in the study with a mean age of 26.7 days. Of the 28 foals included in Group 1, 10 had bilateral CJVD. There were 21 in Group 2, and 15 in Group 3. Treatment success was defined as a VD angle less than 5°, and was reached in all foals in Groups 1 and 2. Five (5) foals in Group 3 completed the study with a VD angle of 5° to 6.7° at the last radiographic assessment. No major complications were observed during the study. In conclusion, ESWT in conjunction with controlled exercise, hoof trimming and hoof/shoe extensions corrected severe CJVDs in young foals. The use of ESWT eliminates possible negative side effects of general anesthesia and surgical techniques to treat VDs. Future studies should include a control population, more severe cases, other types of angular limb deformities, and older foals.展开更多
Objective:To enhance effectiveness of reproduction management in Arabian mares,factorsinfluencing the time of foaling were investigated in this study.Methods:Data were collectedat the National Haras of Tiaret in Alger...Objective:To enhance effectiveness of reproduction management in Arabian mares,factorsinfluencing the time of foaling were investigated in this study.Methods:Data were collectedat the National Haras of Tiaret in Algeria from 2003 to 2010.The foaling time of 255 Arabian purebred mares,aged from 3 to 20 years were used for this study.Results:A total of 78.07%of foalinghappens between 7 pm and 6 am.Conclusions:The influence of the month of foaling and the sexof the foal,on the time of foaling was statically significant.展开更多
[ Objective] This study analyzed the differences in DDX3 Y gene sequences among male horse, male donkey, male mule, male hinny and male foal to investigate the relationship between DDX3Y gene structure and the mechani...[ Objective] This study analyzed the differences in DDX3 Y gene sequences among male horse, male donkey, male mule, male hinny and male foal to investigate the relationship between DDX3Y gene structure and the mechanism of infertility in male Equus fetus × asirms. [ Method] Partial sequences of DDX3Y gene in male horse, male donkey, male mule, male hinny and male foal were obtained by genome comparison, sequencing and cloning, and compared by bioinformatics methods. [ Result] The CDS regions varied in 5 base pairs and two amino acids. DDX3Y protein was predicted to be an unstable protein. In addition, the results also showed that DDX3 Y gene in male horse displayed a closer phylogenetic relationship to male mule and male foal; DDX3Y gene in male donkey displayed a closer phylogenetic relationship to male hinny. [ Conclusion] This study provided scientific basis for further exploring the function of DDX3 Y gene and the mecha- nism of reproductive regulation in male Equus ferus × asinus.展开更多
Background: Procalcitonin, a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive marker for sepsis in human medicine, which is used for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in adults and neonates to initiate antib...Background: Procalcitonin, a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive marker for sepsis in human medicine, which is used for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in adults and neonates to initiate antibiotic therapy. Objectives: In this study, procalcitonin was evaluated as a potential biomarker for Rhodococcus equi associated pneumonia. Methods: In four foals procalcitonin was measured at four time-points (day 0 before antibiotic therapy, day 1, 3 and 5/6 during therapy) in plasma using an equine specific ELISA. Inclusion criteria for the study were a positive sepsis score, ultrasonographic evidence of pulmonary abscesses in addition >8 cm, a positive microbiology out of tracheobronchial secretion and positive response to antibiotic treatment (azithromycin 10 mg/kg BDW 24q PO and rifampicin 10 mg/kg BDW 12q PO) within a weak including improvement of clinical status and reduction of ultrasonographic score Rhodococcus equi.展开更多
The expression of FOAl （F-box overexpressed/oppressed ABA signaling） in different organs of Arabidopsis, and in response to ABA and NaCI, was analyzed. The expression level of FOAl is higher in the root and is lower...The expression of FOAl （F-box overexpressed/oppressed ABA signaling） in different organs of Arabidopsis, and in response to ABA and NaCI, was analyzed. The expression level of FOAl is higher in the root and is lower in the stem, and is induced rapidly by ABA and NaC1. The phenotypes of T-DNA insertion mutant foal and FOAl overexpression lines FOAloxl and FOAlox2 were analyzed. The foal mutant exhibited a lower germination rate, shorter root length, more stomatal opening, in- creased proline accumulation and hypersensitivity to ABA compared with the wild type. In contrast, the overexpression lines showed lower sensitivity to ABA than the wild type. The expression levels of several ABA and stress-responsive transcription factors and genes were altered in the foal mutant in response to ABA. Compared with the wild type, the expression levels of ABA-responsive transcription factors were higher, but ABA and stress-responsive genes were lower in foal mutant. This study demonstrates that FOAl is an ABA signaling-related gene, and may play a negative role in ABA signaling.展开更多
文摘Several studies have shown a major development in height and cannon bone circumference in foals from birth to weaning and from different breeds. However, in Brazil, there is little information about foal development. For this reason, this study has used data on foals from seven different farms in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, where horses have a major economic importance. The aim of this study was to compare foal’s development from four breeds and to develop a regression formula in order to estimate such development. It was used data from 210 suckling foals (Arabians n = 18, Campolina n = 86, Mangalarga Marchador n = 42 and Quarter Horses n = 64), raised in similar management practices. Their height at withers, heart girth, and cannon bone girth were measured monthly from birth to weaning. Data we reanalyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Test, with P established in 5%. The highest mean of height at withers was observed in the Arabian foals, and it was similar to Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador foals. The last breed presented a higher percentage of gain in height (~36%) and higher heart girth. On the other hand, Campolina foals had the highest mean of cannon bone girth. There was a significant interaction between breed and development phase in heart and cannon bone girths. All regression for mulas obtained from this data was very significant, and it was showed that they can predict height at withers in the four breeds studied. Heart and cannon bone girths showed medium value of R2 and large significance. It is important to highlight that fetal programing produces significant impact on foal development, even after weaning. So, this study would have observed some more changes if its scope had been extended beyond this phase.
文摘The purpose of this study was to report the use and assess the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for the treatment of carpal joint valgus deformities (CJVDs) in young foals. Only foals with CJVDs greater than 5° were included in the study. Foals were assigned to 3 treatment groups based on their degree of CJVD measured during the initial evaluation: valgus deformity (VD) of 5° to 8.9° (Group 1), VD of 9° to 11.9° (Group 2) and VD greater than or equal to 12° (Group 3). ESWT was applied on the convex side of the angular deformity immediately following the initial radiographic evaluation. Foals were subsequently evaluated clinically and radiologically followed by treatment every 10 days until resolution of the VD, with resolution defined as a deviation less than 5 degrees. Each treatment group received specific exercise, hoof trimming and hoof/shoe extension recommendations. Sixty-four (64) foals were included in the study;ages ranged from 8 to 60 days old at inclusion in the study with a mean age of 26.7 days. Of the 28 foals included in Group 1, 10 had bilateral CJVD. There were 21 in Group 2, and 15 in Group 3. Treatment success was defined as a VD angle less than 5°, and was reached in all foals in Groups 1 and 2. Five (5) foals in Group 3 completed the study with a VD angle of 5° to 6.7° at the last radiographic assessment. No major complications were observed during the study. In conclusion, ESWT in conjunction with controlled exercise, hoof trimming and hoof/shoe extensions corrected severe CJVDs in young foals. The use of ESWT eliminates possible negative side effects of general anesthesia and surgical techniques to treat VDs. Future studies should include a control population, more severe cases, other types of angular limb deformities, and older foals.
基金Supported by project CNEPRU,Institute of Veterinary Sciences,University Ibn-Khaldoun(TIARET)Algeria(Grant No.F001 2010/0016)
文摘Objective:To enhance effectiveness of reproduction management in Arabian mares,factorsinfluencing the time of foaling were investigated in this study.Methods:Data were collectedat the National Haras of Tiaret in Algeria from 2003 to 2010.The foaling time of 255 Arabian purebred mares,aged from 3 to 20 years were used for this study.Results:A total of 78.07%of foalinghappens between 7 pm and 6 am.Conclusions:The influence of the month of foaling and the sexof the foal,on the time of foaling was statically significant.
基金Supported by Project of Science and Technology Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
文摘[ Objective] This study analyzed the differences in DDX3 Y gene sequences among male horse, male donkey, male mule, male hinny and male foal to investigate the relationship between DDX3Y gene structure and the mechanism of infertility in male Equus fetus × asirms. [ Method] Partial sequences of DDX3Y gene in male horse, male donkey, male mule, male hinny and male foal were obtained by genome comparison, sequencing and cloning, and compared by bioinformatics methods. [ Result] The CDS regions varied in 5 base pairs and two amino acids. DDX3Y protein was predicted to be an unstable protein. In addition, the results also showed that DDX3 Y gene in male horse displayed a closer phylogenetic relationship to male mule and male foal; DDX3Y gene in male donkey displayed a closer phylogenetic relationship to male hinny. [ Conclusion] This study provided scientific basis for further exploring the function of DDX3 Y gene and the mecha- nism of reproductive regulation in male Equus ferus × asinus.
文摘Background: Procalcitonin, a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive marker for sepsis in human medicine, which is used for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in adults and neonates to initiate antibiotic therapy. Objectives: In this study, procalcitonin was evaluated as a potential biomarker for Rhodococcus equi associated pneumonia. Methods: In four foals procalcitonin was measured at four time-points (day 0 before antibiotic therapy, day 1, 3 and 5/6 during therapy) in plasma using an equine specific ELISA. Inclusion criteria for the study were a positive sepsis score, ultrasonographic evidence of pulmonary abscesses in addition >8 cm, a positive microbiology out of tracheobronchial secretion and positive response to antibiotic treatment (azithromycin 10 mg/kg BDW 24q PO and rifampicin 10 mg/kg BDW 12q PO) within a weak including improvement of clinical status and reduction of ultrasonographic score Rhodococcus equi.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31171176)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.755228001)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.11JJA002)the National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics(Grant No.Y109Z711T1)
文摘The expression of FOAl （F-box overexpressed/oppressed ABA signaling） in different organs of Arabidopsis, and in response to ABA and NaCI, was analyzed. The expression level of FOAl is higher in the root and is lower in the stem, and is induced rapidly by ABA and NaC1. The phenotypes of T-DNA insertion mutant foal and FOAl overexpression lines FOAloxl and FOAlox2 were analyzed. The foal mutant exhibited a lower germination rate, shorter root length, more stomatal opening, in- creased proline accumulation and hypersensitivity to ABA compared with the wild type. In contrast, the overexpression lines showed lower sensitivity to ABA than the wild type. The expression levels of several ABA and stress-responsive transcription factors and genes were altered in the foal mutant in response to ABA. Compared with the wild type, the expression levels of ABA-responsive transcription factors were higher, but ABA and stress-responsive genes were lower in foal mutant. This study demonstrates that FOAl is an ABA signaling-related gene, and may play a negative role in ABA signaling.
