A copper-mediated di- and monoffuoromethanesulfonylation of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates using di- and monofluoromethanesul- finate reagents provides aryl difluoromethyl （or monofluoromethyl） sulfones in 8ood y...A copper-mediated di- and monoffuoromethanesulfonylation of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates using di- and monofluoromethanesul- finate reagents provides aryl difluoromethyl （or monofluoromethyl） sulfones in 8ood yields. It was found that the relative reactivity of these sodium fluoroalkanesulfinates in the present reactions decreases in the followin8 order： CH2FSO2Na 〉 CF2HSO2Na 〉 CF3SO2Na.展开更多
Classical Julia-Kocienski fluoroolefination represents an indispensable platform for the construction of monofluoroalkenes.Nevertheless,its complex multistep mechanistic manifold along with the unrevealed intrinsic“f...Classical Julia-Kocienski fluoroolefination represents an indispensable platform for the construction of monofluoroalkenes.Nevertheless,its complex multistep mechanistic manifold along with the unrevealed intrinsic“fluorine effect”in nucleophilic reactions might be responsible for the difficult control of the original stereoselectivity and is thus often ambiguous to predict.Herein,a novel strategy involving the defined fluorine effect and new reaction mechanism was developed for tunable C-C and C-S bond cleavage,providing a versatile avenue for highly stereoselective and easily scalable construction of diverse monofluoroalkenes.Density functional theory(DFT)investigations indicate the fluorine substituents can activate the C-C and C-S bond leading toα-elimination by antiphase orbital interaction.The rate-limiting step were calculated via fourmembered transition states with ring strain.Both the sterically eclipsed repulsion and secondary orbital interaction affect the stereoselectivity.展开更多
Fluorine substitution in molecular design has become an effective strategy for improving the overall performance of organic photovoltaics.In this study,three low-cost small molecules of spiro-linked hole transporting ...Fluorine substitution in molecular design has become an effective strategy for improving the overall performance of organic photovoltaics.In this study,three low-cost small molecules of spiro-linked hole transporting materials(SFX-O-2 F,SFX-m-2 F,and SFX-p-2 F) endowed with two-armed t rip he ny la mine moieties were synthesized via tuning of the fluorine substitution position,and they were employed for use in highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Despite the fluorine substitution position playing a negligible role in the optical and electrochemical properties of the resulting small molecules,the photovoltaic performance thereof was observed to vary significantly.The planar n-i-p PSCs based on SFX-m-2 F demonstrated superior performance(18.86%) when compared to that of the corresponding SFX-o-2 F(9.7%) and SFX-p-2 F(16.33%) under 100 mW cm^(-2) AM1.5 G solar illumination,which is competitive with the performance of the benchmark spiro-OMeTAD-based device(18.98%).Moreover,the SFX-m-2 Fbased PSCs were observed to be more stable than the spiro-OMeTAD-based devices under ambient conditions.The improved performance of SFX-m-2 F is primarily associated with improved morphology,more efficient hole transport,and extraction characteristics at the perovskite/HTM interface.This work demonstrated the application of fluorination engineering to the tuning of material film morphology and charge transfer properties,showing the promising potential of fluorinated SM-HTMs for the construction of low-cost,high-efficiency PSCs.展开更多
A series of binuclear nickel phenoxyiminato catalysts with different linkers and fluorine substituents were efficiently synthesized. Binuclear nickel catalysts with rigid linkers showed higher catalytic activity and t...A series of binuclear nickel phenoxyiminato catalysts with different linkers and fluorine substituents were efficiently synthesized. Binuclear nickel catalysts with rigid linkers showed higher catalytic activity and thermal stability in ethylene polymerization and produced polymers with higher molecular weight possibly due to the larger steric hindrance and metal-metal synergistic effect. The introduction of fluorine atoms on the N-terphenyl moity also enhanced polymerization activity and molecular weight of polymer due to the electronic effect of fluorine atoms.展开更多
With the popularity and widespread applications of electronics,higher demands are being placed on the performance of battery materials.Due to the large difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms...With the popularity and widespread applications of electronics,higher demands are being placed on the performance of battery materials.Due to the large difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms,doping fluorine atoms in nanocarbon-based materials is considered an effective way to improve the performance of used battery.However,there is still a blank in the systematic review of the mechanism and research progress of fluorine-doped nanostructured carbon materials in various batteries.In this review,the synthetic routes of fluorinated/fluorine-doped nanocarbon-based(CF_x)materials under different fluorine sources and the function mechanism of CF_x in various batteries are reviewed in detail.Subsequently,judging from the dependence between the structure and electrochemical performance of nanocarbon sources,the progress of CF_x based on different dimensions(0D–3D)for primary battery applications is reviewed and the balance between energy density and power density is critically discussed.In addition,the roles of CF_x materials in secondary batteries and their current applications in recent years are summarized in detail to illustrate the effect of introducing F atoms.Finally,we envisage the prospect of CF_x materials and offer some insights and recommendations to facilitate the further exploration of CF_x materials for various high-performance battery applications.展开更多
To improve the friction and wear performance at room and elevated temperatures,Ti48Al2Nb2Cr(at.%)alloy was anodically fluorinated in an NH_(4)F-containing electrolyte.The effects of anodic fluorination on the friction...To improve the friction and wear performance at room and elevated temperatures,Ti48Al2Nb2Cr(at.%)alloy was anodically fluorinated in an NH_(4)F-containing electrolyte.The effects of anodic fluorination on the friction coefficient,wear rate,wear track morphology,and adhesion strength between the oxide scale and substrate were investigated.Results showed that the in-situ formation of Al_(2)O_(3)-enriched oxide scale was promoted due to fluorine effect,by which the surface hardness and wear resistance were both enhanced.After the friction and wear test,no noticeable changes were found on the fluorinated Ti48Al2Nb2Cr,whilst severe abrasion was evident on the GCr15 counterpart.This indicates that anodic fluorination could effectively enhance the friction and wear performance of Ti48Al2Nb2Cr alloy.At elevated temperatures,the dominant wear mechanism of the fluorinated Ti48Al2Nb2Cr/GCr15 pair was oxidation wear and adhesive wear.展开更多
Bridged bicyclic cores have been recognized as valuable bioisosteres of benzene ring,which are of great value in medicinal chemistry.However,the development of fluorinated bicyclic skeletons,which encompass two privil...Bridged bicyclic cores have been recognized as valuable bioisosteres of benzene ring,which are of great value in medicinal chemistry.However,the development of fluorinated bicyclic skeletons,which encompass two privileged elements widely acknowledged for fine tuning the working effect of target molecules,are far less common.Herein,we present a general and practical synthesis of gem-difluorobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes(diF-BCHs)from readily available difluorinated hexa-1,5-dienes through energy transfer photocatalysis.By taking advantage of an efficient Cope rearrangement,the preparation of both constitutional isomers of diF-BCHs is readily achieved under identical conditions.The operational simplicity,mild conditions and wide scope further highlight the potential application of this protocol.Moreover,computational studies indicated a positive effect of fluorine atoms in lowering either the triplet or FMO energies of the hexa-1,5-diene substrates,thus promoting the present photoinduced[2+2]cycloaddition.展开更多
Discovery of unprecedented donor-acceptor patterns can essentially enrich the chemistry of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.We herein introduce a concept of vinylogous fluorine stabilizing effect,which guides rational des...Discovery of unprecedented donor-acceptor patterns can essentially enrich the chemistry of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.We herein introduce a concept of vinylogous fluorine stabilizing effect,which guides rational design of a novel donor-acceptor cyclopropane employing gem-difluorovinyl group as the electron donor,namely dFVCP.Application of such dFVCPs in a[3+2]cycloaddition with aldehydes and a controlled ring-opening polymerization by a Mg(OTf)_(2)/DIPEA/C(sp^(3))-H initiator system have been demonstrated,providing direct access to fluorine-containing tetrahydrofurans and all-carbon main-chain polymers.展开更多
The substitution effect of fluorine on ethylene is investigated by means of studying the properties of the charge distribution at the bond critical points with the theory of atoms in molecules.It is found that fluorin...The substitution effect of fluorine on ethylene is investigated by means of studying the properties of the charge distribution at the bond critical points with the theory of atoms in molecules.It is found that fluorine atom acts not only as a σ electron acceptor,but also as a π electron donor,and these double effects are reflected in the quantity of ellipticity,Lap- lacian and the charge density of charge distribution at the bond critical points.For C—C,C—F bonds,the major axis of elliptical contours is perpendicular to the molecular plane,but for C—H bond,it is parallel to the molecular plane.Other effects originating from the substi- tution have also been discussed.展开更多
The nucleophilic trifluoromethylation involving trifluoromethyllithium(LiCF_(3))species has been an open question since Haszeldine attempted to prepare LiCF_(3) in 1949.Indeed,LiCF_(3) has been used for electrophilic ...The nucleophilic trifluoromethylation involving trifluoromethyllithium(LiCF_(3))species has been an open question since Haszeldine attempted to prepare LiCF_(3) in 1949.Indeed,LiCF_(3) has been used for electrophilic difluoromethylene transfer processes(via elimination of fluoride ions)since 2010.Herein,we demonstrated that by using a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide(DMF)or hexamethylphosphoramide(HMPA)as the lithium chelator,the in situ deprotonation of fluoroform(HCF_(3))with lithium hexamethyldisilazide(LiHMDS)could generate a tamed LiCF_(3) species that is sufficiently persistent to undergo nucleophilic trifluoromethylation reaction.The nucleophilic reactivity of LiCF_(3) species was probed with several electrophiles,including arylsulfonyl fluorides,diaryl ketones,and silyl chlorides.The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated with the efficient synthesis of highly valuable triflones that are otherwise difficult to synthesize from HCF_(3) using potassium or sodium bases.This work not only showcases a new protocol for the utilization of fluoroform(an industrial waste with high global warming potential)as the trifluoromethylation reagent,but also provides intriguing insights into the harnessing of nucleophilic reactivity of the transient LiCF_(3) species.展开更多
A highly enantioselective gold-catalyzed intermolecular[3+2]cycloaddition of N-allenamides with nitrones was realized by the application of Ming-Phos M6 as a chiral ligand.Both enantiomers of the cycloadducts with opp...A highly enantioselective gold-catalyzed intermolecular[3+2]cycloaddition of N-allenamides with nitrones was realized by the application of Ming-Phos M6 as a chiral ligand.Both enantiomers of the cycloadducts with opposite configuration could be obtained in high yields with high regio-and enantioselectivity by the employment of either diastereomer of the chiral ligand.The acidic N—H bond(hydrogen bonding)of sulfinamide moiety of Ming-Phos and pentaflurophenyl substituent(fluorine effect)may play important roles in enhancement of enantioselectivity,that is,Ming-Phos is a multifunctional ligand in this transformation.展开更多
α-Fluoroalkyl (Rf) alcohols are privileged motifs in drugs and pharmaceutically active compounds.As such,it is highly desirable to develop efficient methods for assembling these scaffolds.Herein,a visible-light-induc...α-Fluoroalkyl (Rf) alcohols are privileged motifs in drugs and pharmaceutically active compounds.As such,it is highly desirable to develop efficient methods for assembling these scaffolds.Herein,a visible-light-induced cascade radical cyclization of alkenyl fluoroalkyl ketones is developed,producing a variety of decorate α-Rf cycloalkanols in promising yields with up to >20 : 1 dr selectivity.A radical chain mechanism involving an intramolecular radical addition to the α-Rf carbonyl group and a subsequent intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has been proposed.Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that a fluorine effect contributes to the radical addition to carbonyls by lowering the π* (C=O) orbital energy of CORf and energy barrier of the HAT between alkoxy radicals and THF,which may be valuable for controllable transformations of fluorinated molecules.展开更多
基金Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China （2015CB931900, 2016YFB0101200）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21632009, 21421002, 21472221, 21372246, 21302206）, the Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KGZD-EW- TO8）, the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS （O.YZDJ-SSW-SLH049）, Shanghai Science and Technology program （15XD1504400）, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS （2014231）.
文摘A copper-mediated di- and monoffuoromethanesulfonylation of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates using di- and monofluoromethanesul- finate reagents provides aryl difluoromethyl （or monofluoromethyl） sulfones in 8ood yields. It was found that the relative reactivity of these sodium fluoroalkanesulfinates in the present reactions decreases in the followin8 order： CH2FSO2Na 〉 CF2HSO2Na 〉 CF3SO2Na.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21602231,21890722,21702109,and 11811530637)Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program,and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(nos.BK20160396 and BK20191197)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality(nos.18JCYBJC21400 and 19JCJQJC62300)Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students(no.2019YJSB081)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities[Nankai University(nos.63191515 and 63196021)]for generous financial support.
文摘Classical Julia-Kocienski fluoroolefination represents an indispensable platform for the construction of monofluoroalkenes.Nevertheless,its complex multistep mechanistic manifold along with the unrevealed intrinsic“fluorine effect”in nucleophilic reactions might be responsible for the difficult control of the original stereoselectivity and is thus often ambiguous to predict.Herein,a novel strategy involving the defined fluorine effect and new reaction mechanism was developed for tunable C-C and C-S bond cleavage,providing a versatile avenue for highly stereoselective and easily scalable construction of diverse monofluoroalkenes.Density functional theory(DFT)investigations indicate the fluorine substituents can activate the C-C and C-S bond leading toα-elimination by antiphase orbital interaction.The rate-limiting step were calculated via fourmembered transition states with ring strain.Both the sterically eclipsed repulsion and secondary orbital interaction affect the stereoselectivity.
基金financially supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC) project(201808320023)the National Basic Research Program of China-Fundamental Studies of Perovskite Solar Cells(2015CB932200)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT-15R37)NJUPT Culturing Project(NY218056 and NY219061)。
文摘Fluorine substitution in molecular design has become an effective strategy for improving the overall performance of organic photovoltaics.In this study,three low-cost small molecules of spiro-linked hole transporting materials(SFX-O-2 F,SFX-m-2 F,and SFX-p-2 F) endowed with two-armed t rip he ny la mine moieties were synthesized via tuning of the fluorine substitution position,and they were employed for use in highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Despite the fluorine substitution position playing a negligible role in the optical and electrochemical properties of the resulting small molecules,the photovoltaic performance thereof was observed to vary significantly.The planar n-i-p PSCs based on SFX-m-2 F demonstrated superior performance(18.86%) when compared to that of the corresponding SFX-o-2 F(9.7%) and SFX-p-2 F(16.33%) under 100 mW cm^(-2) AM1.5 G solar illumination,which is competitive with the performance of the benchmark spiro-OMeTAD-based device(18.98%).Moreover,the SFX-m-2 Fbased PSCs were observed to be more stable than the spiro-OMeTAD-based devices under ambient conditions.The improved performance of SFX-m-2 F is primarily associated with improved morphology,more efficient hole transport,and extraction characteristics at the perovskite/HTM interface.This work demonstrated the application of fluorination engineering to the tuning of material film morphology and charge transfer properties,showing the promising potential of fluorinated SM-HTMs for the construction of low-cost,high-efficiency PSCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51573002)
文摘A series of binuclear nickel phenoxyiminato catalysts with different linkers and fluorine substituents were efficiently synthesized. Binuclear nickel catalysts with rigid linkers showed higher catalytic activity and thermal stability in ethylene polymerization and produced polymers with higher molecular weight possibly due to the larger steric hindrance and metal-metal synergistic effect. The introduction of fluorine atoms on the N-terphenyl moity also enhanced polymerization activity and molecular weight of polymer due to the electronic effect of fluorine atoms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973157,61904123,52103061,52203066)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(2018KJ196)+3 种基金the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140419)Tianjin Municipal College Student’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110058052)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202110058017)the State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation,Tiangong University。
文摘With the popularity and widespread applications of electronics,higher demands are being placed on the performance of battery materials.Due to the large difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms,doping fluorine atoms in nanocarbon-based materials is considered an effective way to improve the performance of used battery.However,there is still a blank in the systematic review of the mechanism and research progress of fluorine-doped nanostructured carbon materials in various batteries.In this review,the synthetic routes of fluorinated/fluorine-doped nanocarbon-based(CF_x)materials under different fluorine sources and the function mechanism of CF_x in various batteries are reviewed in detail.Subsequently,judging from the dependence between the structure and electrochemical performance of nanocarbon sources,the progress of CF_x based on different dimensions(0D–3D)for primary battery applications is reviewed and the balance between energy density and power density is critically discussed.In addition,the roles of CF_x materials in secondary batteries and their current applications in recent years are summarized in detail to illustrate the effect of introducing F atoms.Finally,we envisage the prospect of CF_x materials and offer some insights and recommendations to facilitate the further exploration of CF_x materials for various high-performance battery applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271084)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2021B1515020056)the Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory,China(No.2022SLABFK06)。
文摘To improve the friction and wear performance at room and elevated temperatures,Ti48Al2Nb2Cr(at.%)alloy was anodically fluorinated in an NH_(4)F-containing electrolyte.The effects of anodic fluorination on the friction coefficient,wear rate,wear track morphology,and adhesion strength between the oxide scale and substrate were investigated.Results showed that the in-situ formation of Al_(2)O_(3)-enriched oxide scale was promoted due to fluorine effect,by which the surface hardness and wear resistance were both enhanced.After the friction and wear test,no noticeable changes were found on the fluorinated Ti48Al2Nb2Cr,whilst severe abrasion was evident on the GCr15 counterpart.This indicates that anodic fluorination could effectively enhance the friction and wear performance of Ti48Al2Nb2Cr alloy.At elevated temperatures,the dominant wear mechanism of the fluorinated Ti48Al2Nb2Cr/GCr15 pair was oxidation wear and adhesive wear.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271151)the Distinguished Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province.
文摘Bridged bicyclic cores have been recognized as valuable bioisosteres of benzene ring,which are of great value in medicinal chemistry.However,the development of fluorinated bicyclic skeletons,which encompass two privileged elements widely acknowledged for fine tuning the working effect of target molecules,are far less common.Herein,we present a general and practical synthesis of gem-difluorobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes(diF-BCHs)from readily available difluorinated hexa-1,5-dienes through energy transfer photocatalysis.By taking advantage of an efficient Cope rearrangement,the preparation of both constitutional isomers of diF-BCHs is readily achieved under identical conditions.The operational simplicity,mild conditions and wide scope further highlight the potential application of this protocol.Moreover,computational studies indicated a positive effect of fluorine atoms in lowering either the triplet or FMO energies of the hexa-1,5-diene substrates,thus promoting the present photoinduced[2+2]cycloaddition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101273)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(WK9990000111)。
文摘Discovery of unprecedented donor-acceptor patterns can essentially enrich the chemistry of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes.We herein introduce a concept of vinylogous fluorine stabilizing effect,which guides rational design of a novel donor-acceptor cyclopropane employing gem-difluorovinyl group as the electron donor,namely dFVCP.Application of such dFVCPs in a[3+2]cycloaddition with aldehydes and a controlled ring-opening polymerization by a Mg(OTf)_(2)/DIPEA/C(sp^(3))-H initiator system have been demonstrated,providing direct access to fluorine-containing tetrahydrofurans and all-carbon main-chain polymers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The substitution effect of fluorine on ethylene is investigated by means of studying the properties of the charge distribution at the bond critical points with the theory of atoms in molecules.It is found that fluorine atom acts not only as a σ electron acceptor,but also as a π electron donor,and these double effects are reflected in the quantity of ellipticity,Lap- lacian and the charge density of charge distribution at the bond critical points.For C—C,C—F bonds,the major axis of elliptical contours is perpendicular to the molecular plane,but for C—H bond,it is parallel to the molecular plane.Other effects originating from the substi- tution have also been discussed.
基金support of this work by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0701700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271299,22261132514 and 22301308)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0590000)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021LFG006 and ZR2023LFG003)the Shandong Dongyue Polymer Material Co.Ltd.is gratefully acknowledged。
文摘The nucleophilic trifluoromethylation involving trifluoromethyllithium(LiCF_(3))species has been an open question since Haszeldine attempted to prepare LiCF_(3) in 1949.Indeed,LiCF_(3) has been used for electrophilic difluoromethylene transfer processes(via elimination of fluoride ions)since 2010.Herein,we demonstrated that by using a polar solvent such as dimethylformamide(DMF)or hexamethylphosphoramide(HMPA)as the lithium chelator,the in situ deprotonation of fluoroform(HCF_(3))with lithium hexamethyldisilazide(LiHMDS)could generate a tamed LiCF_(3) species that is sufficiently persistent to undergo nucleophilic trifluoromethylation reaction.The nucleophilic reactivity of LiCF_(3) species was probed with several electrophiles,including arylsulfonyl fluorides,diaryl ketones,and silyl chlorides.The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated with the efficient synthesis of highly valuable triflones that are otherwise difficult to synthesize from HCF_(3) using potassium or sodium bases.This work not only showcases a new protocol for the utilization of fluoroform(an industrial waste with high global warming potential)as the trifluoromethylation reagent,but also provides intriguing insights into the harnessing of nucleophilic reactivity of the transient LiCF_(3) species.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFF0701600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22031004,21921003,21801078,22071060)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(20212308).
文摘A highly enantioselective gold-catalyzed intermolecular[3+2]cycloaddition of N-allenamides with nitrones was realized by the application of Ming-Phos M6 as a chiral ligand.Both enantiomers of the cycloadducts with opposite configuration could be obtained in high yields with high regio-and enantioselectivity by the employment of either diastereomer of the chiral ligand.The acidic N—H bond(hydrogen bonding)of sulfinamide moiety of Ming-Phos and pentaflurophenyl substituent(fluorine effect)may play important roles in enhancement of enantioselectivity,that is,Ming-Phos is a multifunctional ligand in this transformation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071218 and 22203076)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20B020001 and LY23B020004)+2 种基金the Ten Thousand Talents Plan of Zhejiang Province(2020R52021)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang Province(2022R01007)Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province.
文摘α-Fluoroalkyl (Rf) alcohols are privileged motifs in drugs and pharmaceutically active compounds.As such,it is highly desirable to develop efficient methods for assembling these scaffolds.Herein,a visible-light-induced cascade radical cyclization of alkenyl fluoroalkyl ketones is developed,producing a variety of decorate α-Rf cycloalkanols in promising yields with up to >20 : 1 dr selectivity.A radical chain mechanism involving an intramolecular radical addition to the α-Rf carbonyl group and a subsequent intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has been proposed.Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that a fluorine effect contributes to the radical addition to carbonyls by lowering the π* (C=O) orbital energy of CORf and energy barrier of the HAT between alkoxy radicals and THF,which may be valuable for controllable transformations of fluorinated molecules.
