Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai C...Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.展开更多
It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla we...It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla were investigated,its impact on sulfidation flotation was explored,and the mechanisms involved in both fluoride roasting and sulfidation flotation were discussed.With CaF_(2)as the roasting reagent,Na_(2)S·9H_(2)O as the sulfidation reagent,and sodium butyl xanthate(NaBX)as the collector,the results of the flotation experiments showed that fluoride roasting improved the floatability of chrysocolla,and the recovery rate increased from 16.87%to 82.74%.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that after fluoride roasting,approximately all the Cu on the chrysocolla surface was exposed in the form of CuO,which could provide a basis for subsequent sulfidation flotation.The microscopy and elemental analyses revealed that large quantities of"pagoda-like"grains were observed on the sulfidation surface of the fluoride-roasted chrysocolla,indicating high crystallinity particles of copper sulfide.This suggests that the effect of sulfide formation on the chrysocolla surface was more pronounced.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that fluoride roasting increased the relative contents of sulfur and copper on the surface and that both the Cu~+and polysulfide fractions on the surface of the minerals increased.This enhances the effect of sulfidation,which is conducive to flotation recovery.Therefore,fluoride roasting improved the effect of copper species transformation and sulfidation on the surface of chysocolla,promoted the adsorption of collectors,and improved the recovery of chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation.展开更多
In recent years,renewable energy sources,which aim to replace rapidly depleting fossil fuels,face challenges due to limited energy storage and conversion technologies.To enhance energy storage and conversion efficienc...In recent years,renewable energy sources,which aim to replace rapidly depleting fossil fuels,face challenges due to limited energy storage and conversion technologies.To enhance energy storage and conversion efficiency,extensive research has been conducted in the academic community on numerous potential materials.Among these materials,metal fluorides have attracted significant attention due to their ionic metal-fluorine bonds and tunable electronic structures,attributed to the highest electronegativity of fluorine in their chemical composition.This makes them promising candidates for future electrochemical applications in various fields.However,metal fluorides encounter various challenges in different application directions.Therefore,we comprehensively review the applications of metal fluorides in the field of energy storage and conversion,aiming to deepen our understanding of their exhibited characteristics in different electrochemical processes.In this paper,we summarize the difficulties and improvement methods encountered in different types of battery applications and several typical electrode optimization strategies in the field of supercapacitors.In the field of water electrolysis,we focus on surface reconstruction and the critical role of fluorine,demonstrating the catalytic performance of metal fluorides from the perspectives of reconstruction mechanism and process analysis.Finally,we provide a summary and outlook for this field,aiming to offer guidance for future breakthroughs in the energy storage and conversion applications of metal fluorides.展开更多
You are cordially invited to the 40th Topical Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry,which will be held from 15 to 17 August 2025 in Changchun,China.Changchun is a City of Science,Education,and Resor...You are cordially invited to the 40th Topical Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry,which will be held from 15 to 17 August 2025 in Changchun,China.Changchun is a City of Science,Education,and Resort with a population of more than 9 million.展开更多
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)is a chronic inflammatory disorder presenting as symptoms of dysphagia,esophageal food impaction,chest pain,and heartburn.After an initial trial of proton pump inhibitor(PPI)the...BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)is a chronic inflammatory disorder presenting as symptoms of dysphagia,esophageal food impaction,chest pain,and heartburn.After an initial trial of proton pump inhibitor(PPI)therapy,swallowed topical corticosteroids(STC)are effective as induction therapy for EoE.However,out-come data for STC as a maintenance strategy is limited.RESULTS Three randomized control trials and one observational study were included,involving 303 patients(189 in the STC group,114 in the placebo-controlled group).Analysis showed that histologic recurrence was significantly lower with STC(OR:0.04,95%CI:0.01-0.28,P<0.00001,I^(2)=78%).Overall symptom recurrence was similar between groups(OR:0.23,95%CI:0.02-3.54,P=0.29,I^(2)=92%).On sensitivity analysis,symptom recurrence was significantly lower in the STC group(OR:0.05,95%CI:0.02-0.17,P=0.00001,I^(2)=39%).Odds of repeat dilation were significantly lower in the STC group(OR:0.14,95%CI:0.02-0.91,P=0.04,I^(2)=0%).Candida infection rates were similar between groups(OR:6.13,95%CI:0.85-44.26,P=0.07,I^(2)=24%).Proportion of concomitant PPI use was similar between groups(OR:1.64,95%CI:0.83-3.21,P=0.15,I^(2)=0%).CONCLUSION For patients who successfully achieved remission of EoE with STC induction therapy,maintaining treatment is effective in sustaining histologic remission,while newer regimens may be effective in preventing symptom recurrence compared to placebo.We found no significant difference for oropharyngeal/esophageal candidiasis with STC maintenance therapy.Future studies with longer follow-up periods are needed.展开更多
Herein,a simple method for preparing poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)films with controlledβ/γratios by spin-coating assisted by potassium bromide(KBr)is proposed.The results show that the relative fraction of theβph...Herein,a simple method for preparing poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)films with controlledβ/γratios by spin-coating assisted by potassium bromide(KBr)is proposed.The results show that the relative fraction of theβphase(denoted as Fβ)for the films prepared on the KBr surface first decreased until a critical temperature(denoted as Tc)was reached,and then increased with increasing spin-coating temperature.This was related to the dissolved K and Br ions in the films.Further experiments showed that below Tc,high humidity can enhance Fβbut exhibit an adverse effect at and above Tc.The high content of K and Br ions in the PVDF/KBr blend film and larger shear stress can facilitate the formation of theβphase,leading exclusively to the formation ofβ-andγ-phases.The mechanism responsible for the change in Fβwith temperature was proposed:below Tc,the decrease in water intake with increasing temperature results in the decline of Fβ,whereas above Tc,the increase in Fβwith temperature is attributed to the synergistic effect of ions and shear stress.Ultimately,this paves the way for fabricating PVDF films with tailoredβ/γratios for electroactive and energy-harvesting applications.展开更多
This research examines the hard-rock aquifer system within the Nagavathi River Basin(NRB)South India,by evaluating seasonal fluctuations in groundwater composition during the pre-monsoon(PRM)and post-monsoon(POM)perio...This research examines the hard-rock aquifer system within the Nagavathi River Basin(NRB)South India,by evaluating seasonal fluctuations in groundwater composition during the pre-monsoon(PRM)and post-monsoon(POM)periods.Seasonal variations significantly influence the groundwater quality,particularly fluoride(F−)concentrations,which can fluctuate due to changes in recharge,evaporation,and anthropogenic activities.This study assesses the dynamics of F−levels in PRM and POM seasons,and identifies elevated health risks using USEPA guidelines and Monte Carlo Simulations(MCS).Groundwater in the study area exhibits alkaline pH,with NaCl and Ca-Na-HCO_(3) facies increasing in the POM season due to intensified ion exchange and rock-water interactions,as indicated in Piper and Gibb’s diagrams.Correlation and dendrogram analyses indicate that F−contamination is from geogenic and anthropogenic sources.F−levels exceed the WHO limit(1.5 mg/L)in 51 PRM and 28 POM samples,affecting 371.74 km^(2) and 203.05 km^(2),respectively.Geochemical processes,including mineral weathering,cation exchange,evaporation,and dilution,are identified through CAI I&II.Health risk assessments reveal that HQ values>1 in 78%of children,73%of teens,and 68%of adults during PRM,decreasing to 45%,40%,and 38%,respectively,in POM.MCS show maximum HQ values of 5.67(PRM)and 4.73(POM)in children,with all age groups facing significant risks from fluoride ingestion.Managed Aquifer Recharge(MAR)is recommended in this study to minimize F−contamination,ensuring safe drinking water for the community.展开更多
Background:Corneal scarring following bacterial keratitis,particularly from Pseudomonas infections,poses significant challenges in ophthalmic care.Current treatments often fall short in effectively reducing corneal ha...Background:Corneal scarring following bacterial keratitis,particularly from Pseudomonas infections,poses significant challenges in ophthalmic care.Current treatments often fall short in effectively reducing corneal haze and restoring vision.To our knowledge,this is the first report documenting the use of topical losartan,an angiotensin II receptor antagonist known to inhibit the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)pathway,for treating corneal haze resulting from bacterial keratitis.Case Description:A 30-year-old male presented with a persistent corneal scar in his right eye,178 days post-Pseudomonas keratitis.Despite a prolonged course of topical corticosteroids,his best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)stabilized at 20/40 with a hybrid contact lens over a 2-month period.Given the lack of improvement,we initiated treatment with topical losartan at a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL,administered six times daily.After 4 months of therapy,the patient’s BCVA improved to 20/25.Slit-lamp examination and corneal tomography revealed a significant reduction in corneal haze,indicating a positive response to the treatment.Conclusions:This case suggests that topical losartan may be a promising therapeutic option for reducing corneal opacity following bacterial keratitis by inhibiting the TGF-βpathway.However,further clinical studies are necessary to confirm its efficacy and safety in broader patient populations.展开更多
The primary objective of this study is to measure fluoride levels in groundwater samples using machine learning approaches alongside traditional and fuzzy logic models based health risk assessment in the hard rock Arj...The primary objective of this study is to measure fluoride levels in groundwater samples using machine learning approaches alongside traditional and fuzzy logic models based health risk assessment in the hard rock Arjunanadi River basin,South India.Fluoride levels in the study area vary between 0.1 and 3.10 mg/L,with 32 samples exceeding the World Health Organization(WHO)standard of 1.5 mg/L.Hydrogeochemical analyses(Durov and Gibbs)clearly show that the overall water chemistry is primarily influenced by simple dissolution,mixing,and rock-water interactions,indicating that geogenic sources are the predominant contributors to fluoride in the study area.Around 446.5 km^(2)is considered at risk.In predictive analysis,five Machine Learning(ML)models were used,with the AdaBoost model performing better than the other models,achieving 96%accuracy and 4%error rate.The Traditional Health Risk Assessment(THRA)results indicate that 65%of samples pose highly susceptible for dental fluorosis,while 12%of samples pose highly susceptible for skeletal fluorosis in young age groups.The Fuzzy Inference System(FIS)model effectively manages ambiguity and linguistic factors,which are crucial when addressing health risks linked to groundwater fluoride contamination.In this model,input variables include fluoride concentration,individual age,and ingestion rate,while output variables consist of dental caries risk,dental fluorosis,and skeletal fluorosis.The overall results indicate that increased ingestion rates and prolonged exposure to contaminated water make adults and the elderly people vulnerable to dental and skeletal fluorosis,along with very young and young age groups.This study is an essential resource for local authorities,healthcare officials,and communities,aiding in the mitigation of health risks associated with groundwater contamination and enhancing quality of life through improved water management and health risk assessment,aligning with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)3 and 6,thereby contributing to a cleaner and healthier society.展开更多
Ti6Al4V alloy has been widely used in dental applications,such as orthodontic mini-implants.However,it has been reported that fluoride ions could obviously accelerate the corrosion of implant materials and affect thei...Ti6Al4V alloy has been widely used in dental applications,such as orthodontic mini-implants.However,it has been reported that fluoride ions could obviously accelerate the corrosion of implant materials and affect their performance.This work aimed to improve the F^(−)erosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy through the strategy of both Cu addition and grain refinement.As contrasted with Ti6Al4V alloy,both the coarse-and ultrafine-grained Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloys effectively mitigated the acceleration of the fluoride ions to the anode process,because Cu substituents blocked the continuous damage of F·_(O) doped in the passive film.Furthermore,grain refinement enhanced the protective ability of the passive film,more oxides and less adsorption amount of fluorides presented in the passive film of ultrafine-grained Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy than those of coarse-grained Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy.Under the combination of Cu alloying and grain refinement,the ultrafine-grained Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy is greatly appropriate for the fabrication of orthodontic devices.展开更多
Fluoride(F^(-))and arsenic,present as As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ),are widespread toxins in groundwater across India,as well as in other countries or regions like Pakistan,China,Kenya,Africa,Thailand,and Latin America.Their prese...Fluoride(F^(-))and arsenic,present as As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ),are widespread toxins in groundwater across India,as well as in other countries or regions like Pakistan,China,Kenya,Africa,Thailand,and Latin America.Their presence in water resources poses significant environmental and health risks,including fluorosis and arsenicosis.To address this issue,this study developed an integrated process combining biosorbents and ultrafiltration(UF)for the removal of F^(-),As,and turbidity from contaminated water.Laboratory-scale adsorption experiments were conducted using low-cost biosorbents with different biosorbent dosages,specifically Moringa oleifera seed powder(MSP)and sorghum bicolor husk(SBH),along with sand as a binding medium.F^(-)and As concentrations ranging from 2 to 10 mg/L and 3 to 12 mg/L,respectively,were investigated.Biosorbents and their different combinations were tested to determine their efficacy in removing dissolved F^(-)and As.The results showed that a blend of 10-g/L MSP with SBH achieved the highest F^(-)(97.20%)and As(78.63%)removal efficiencies.Subsequent treatment with a UF membrane effectively reduced turbidity and colloidal impurities in the treated water,achieving a maximum turbidity removal efficiency of 95.40%.Equilibrium kinetic and isotherm models were employed to analyze the experimental data,demonstrating good fit.Preliminary cost analysis indicated that the hybrid technology is economically viable and suitable for the separation of hazardous contaminants from aqueous solutions.This study underscores the potential of inexpensive biosorption technologies in providing clean and safe drinking water,particularly in industrial,rural,and urban areas.展开更多
Groundwater is essential for maintaining public health,promoting economic development,and ensuring ecosystem stability in arid and semi-arid regions.The northwestern Ordos Basin(China)primarily relies on groundwater f...Groundwater is essential for maintaining public health,promoting economic development,and ensuring ecosystem stability in arid and semi-arid regions.The northwestern Ordos Basin(China)primarily relies on groundwater from multilayered aquifer systems;however,our knowledge of the hydrochemical characteristics and water quality of groundwater in this region is limited.Here,we employed a newly collected dataset of 94 groundwater samples from different aquifers to constrain the source,controlling processes of fluoride in groundwater,and its potential health risk in the area.Groundwater is characterized by Na-Cl and Na-SO_(4) types with a minor Na-HCO_(3) type,which is primarily controlled by ion exchange,silicate weathering,and the dissolution of carbonate and evaporite minerals.Of the groundwater samples,42%exceeded the fluoride limit of 1.5 mg/L established by the World Health Organization(WHO).This is mainly attributed to geogenic sources,including fluorine-bearing mineral dissolution,cation exchange,evaporation,and competitive adsorption.The water quality index suggests that most samples are unsuitable for drinking.Health risk assessment results based on the Monte Carlo simulation indicate that children face significantly higher non-carcinogenic health risks from fluoride exposure than adults(both males and females).These findings provide new insights into the complex hydrogeochemical evolution of fluoride in groundwater and the groundwater quality status in multi-aquifer systems,contributing to the sustainable development and management of groundwater resources in the Ordos Basin.展开更多
Microplastics (MPs), fluoride (FR), and fungicide mancozeb (MZ) are common contaminants in soil. However, there is no information about the combined impacts of MPs, FR, and MZ on tomato plant growth features in the li...Microplastics (MPs), fluoride (FR), and fungicide mancozeb (MZ) are common contaminants in soil. However, there is no information about the combined impacts of MPs, FR, and MZ on tomato plant growth features in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ (both analytical grade and commercial) on the growth and development of tomato plants and metagenomics of rhizosphere soil. A pot experiment was set up in an artificial greenhouse with two sets of treatments. One set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and analytical grade MZ (B2) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W2), and the other set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and commercial MZ (B3) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W3). No detrimental effects of MPs, FR, and MZ were detected on the growth parameters of tomato plants, including the number of leaves and chlorophyll concentration. However, tomato roots showed knot and nodulation-type structures, and metabolomic profiling revealed that combined exposure to MPs, FR, and MZ profoundly reprogrammed the primary metabolism in tomato roots, with marked alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid pathways. Metagenome whole genome sequencing showed that the B2 and B3 treatments profoundly affected soil microbial community composition, diversity, gene abundances, and functional gene variations compared to W2 and W3. Proteobacteria became the dominating phylum in B2 and B3, causing a significant shift in the microbiome. Its abundance soared to 66.7% in B2 and 75.4% in B3, compared to only 35.9% in W2 and 28.9% in W3. On the other hand, Actinobacteria decreased significantly from 55.6% in W2 and 63.8% in W3 to 18.1% in B2 and 9.6% in B3. This study highlights the microbial shifts due to combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ, providing evidence for understanding their environmental risks.展开更多
In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be ...In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be deleted.The correct sentence is as below.展开更多
Sodium fluoride(NaF)is a daily necessity consumed as the major ingredient of fluorinated drinking water,milk,salts,mouthwashes,toothpaste,and dentistry medications.However,the use of NaF products has also been associa...Sodium fluoride(NaF)is a daily necessity consumed as the major ingredient of fluorinated drinking water,milk,salts,mouthwashes,toothpaste,and dentistry medications.However,the use of NaF products has also been associated with increased fluoride anion distribution in the body,leading to hypertension.AIM This study evaluated the antihypertensive effect of sweet orange peels-enriched white melon seed protein concentrate(WSP)biscuit meal in eight-week-old albino rats exposed to NaF for 14 days.METHODS Forty-two(42)male Wistar albino rats were assigned at random into 7 groups of 6 rats per group(control group and six experimental groups).The experimental groups received various treatments that lasted for two weeks.Twenty-four hours after the last administration,hemodynamic parameters were evaluated,rats were sacrificed,blood samples were collected,and the heart was harvested.Blood serum was assessed for cardiac troponin I(cTnI),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).At the same time,the heart homogenate was assayed for angiotensin-1 converting enzyme(ACE)activity,proinflammatory cytokines,nitric oxide concentrations,and antioxidant status.Cardiac tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin,Masson’s Trichrome,and cTnI.Also,the safety of the WSP biscuit diet was evaluated.RESULTS Results obtained showed that NaF administration elevated the collagen content of cardiac tissues,activities of ACE,and concentrations of cTnI,CK-MB,LDH,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and interleukin 1 beta,while there was a reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide and antioxidants;however,their alterations were significantly prevented in WSP-biscuit-fed rats.The WSP biscuit meal is safe for consumption and possesses dose-dependent antihypertensive ability at 10%and 20%inclusion.CONCLUSION The WSP biscuit diet may be recommended in diet formulation for the management of individuals or communities that are predisposed to NaF contaminations.展开更多
Peyronie’s disease(PD)presents a multifaceted challenge in contemporary urological practice,marked by penile deformity,pain,and the potential for erectile dysfunction.We meticulously explored the existing literature ...Peyronie’s disease(PD)presents a multifaceted challenge in contemporary urological practice,marked by penile deformity,pain,and the potential for erectile dysfunction.We meticulously explored the existing literature of intralesional/topical interventions,aiming to provide clinicians with a nuanced understanding of available options for comprehensive PD management.To conduct this review,we performed a systematic search using the PubMed,Scopus,and ScienceDirect databases,including the keywords of combination of the“Peyronie’s disease/plastic induration of the penis(PIP)and intralesional/topical treatments”.The study selection was based on adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,resulting in the inclusion of 16 articles.We delve into the effectiveness and safety profiles of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum(CCH),interferon,platelet-rich plasma(PRP),hyaluronic acid,botulinum toxin,stem cell,extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT),and traction therapy,assessing their impact on penile curvature,length improvement,and patient-reported symptoms and outcomes.The best options evaluated are intralesional injections of CCH and penile traction devices,alone or in combination.Despite PD remains a challenge for urologists,the objective of this review is to contribute to the evolving landscape of PD management,fostering informed decision-making,and personalized care for individuals grappling with this challenging condition.展开更多
Topical chemotherapy is increasingly used to treat ocular surface tumors as a primary therapy and an adjuvant treatment after surgical excision.The most employed topical agents include mitomycin C(MMC),5-fluorouracil(...Topical chemotherapy is increasingly used to treat ocular surface tumors as a primary therapy and an adjuvant treatment after surgical excision.The most employed topical agents include mitomycin C(MMC),5-fluorouracil(5-FU),and interferon alpha-2b(IFNα2b),each with distinctmechanisms of action,efficacy profiles,and toxicity risks.Although these agents offer effective tumor control and allow for a non-invasive approach in many cases,ocular surface complications requiring medical or surgical management can occur.This summarizes the adverse effect and outilines practical strategies for their prevention and treatment.MMC is the most potent agent but also the most toxic,with reported complications such as limbal stemcell deficiency,punctal stenosis,and persistent epithelial defects.5-FU demonstrates a more favorable safety profile,although rare cases of corneal ulceration have been described.IFNα2b is well tolerated and associated primarily with mild,reversible reactions.The choice of the proper agent should be tailored according to patient’s clinical presentation,ocular surface status,and ability to adhere to therapy and followup.Timely recognition and management of complications are essential to minimize long-term sequelae.Reliance on compounded formulations highlights the need for stable,standardized,and commercially available topical agents specifically designed for ocular use to ensure safety,reproducibility,and global accessibility.展开更多
Highly oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)ultrathin films with differentβ-phase contents were prepared using the melt-draw method.The effect ofβ-phase content onα-βphase transition of highly oriented PVDF ult...Highly oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)ultrathin films with differentβ-phase contents were prepared using the melt-draw method.The effect ofβ-phase content onα-βphase transition of highly oriented PVDF ultrathin films induced by stretching was investigated using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The results show that stretching can enhance the crystallinity and increase the average thickness of the lamellae.A fullα-βphase transition can be achieved for PVDF ultrathin films of 20.6%βphase stretched to aλ(stretching ratio)of 1.5,while fewαphases still exist for ultrathin films of 35.0%βphase,together with bent and tilted lamellae.Compared to thicker PVDF films undergoing stretching-inducedα-βphase transition,the higherα-βphase transition efficiency of the PVDF ultrathin films can be attributed to the parallel aligned lamellar structure.Moreover,a higherβ-phase content can suppressα-βphase transition because of the stress concentration effect ofβ-phase.Ultimately,these results provide valuable insights into the stretching-inducedα-βphase transition of PVDF ultrathin films.展开更多
To remove the fluoride in zinc sulfate electrolyte to an appropriate level,mitigate environmental fluoride pollution,and drive the development of the hydrometallurgy industry of zinc,a novel Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@Fe-MIL...To remove the fluoride in zinc sulfate electrolyte to an appropriate level,mitigate environmental fluoride pollution,and drive the development of the hydrometallurgy industry of zinc,a novel Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@Fe-MIL-101 magnetic composite material was successfully synthesized via the one-pot method.Preparation conditions were optimized and structural characterization of this material conducted using FTIR,SEM,EDS,XRD and Hysteresis analysis.The results show that this composite exhibits a more rapid fluoride adsorption dynamics and a higher fluoride adsorption capacity(18.34 mg/g)and its adsorption behavior fitted for the first order dynamic model and the Freundlich isotherm model.The adsorption of fluorine by this composite is mainly physical adsorption according to the mean adsorption energy(1.216 kJ/mol).The interfering ions co-existed in fluoride-containing solutions,like HCO_(3)^(-),NO^(-)and Cl^(-),have a significant effect on fluorine adsorption.This composite has also been proved with magnetism,higher adsorption selectivity and satisfactory reusability.When this composite is employed as an adsorbent for adsorption removing fluoride in zinc sulfate electrolyte,it exhibits higher pH-dependent behavior as well as high fluoride removal efficiency at pH 6.5.展开更多
Neodymium oxyfluoride has received much attention in the fields of anionic solid electrolytes.luminescent,catalytic and magnetic materials because of its structure combined advantages of rareearth cations with F^(-)an...Neodymium oxyfluoride has received much attention in the fields of anionic solid electrolytes.luminescent,catalytic and magnetic materials because of its structure combined advantages of rareearth cations with F^(-)and O_(2)^(-)anions.In this work,neodynium oxyfluoride was synthesized by the reaction between neodymium oxide and four fluoride media with different fluoride ion activities.The synthesis processes in molten LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3)and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)are observed in situ by a confocal scanning laser microscope.The expansion of neodymium oxide particle is observed in the LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)melts,and the growth of needle crystals on neodymium oxide particle is clearly observed in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3).Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses of products,neodynium oxyfluoride was successfully synthesized in the four fluoride media.The neodynium oxyfluoride generated in the LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)melts is a tetragonal structure.However,in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),neodynium oxyfluoride with a rhombohedral structure is formed.It is suggested that the substitution of Na(Ⅰ)and Ca(Ⅱ)for Nd(Ⅲ)can transform NdOF from tetragonal structure to rhombohedral structure.The growth rate of needle crystals generated in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3)was calculated based on the result of a confocal scanning laser microscope,and it is found that the reaction kinetics of crystal formation is zero-order reaction.The effect of fluoride media on the structure and morphology of formed NdOF were evaluated by XRD,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and SEM.The neodymium oxyfluoride prepared in the fluoride media with high fluoride ion activity has low binding energy of F 1 s.The ratio of adsorbed oxygen to lattice oxygen for neodymium oxyfluoride prepared in molten LiF-NdF_(3)is larger than those in the other three fluoride media,so it can have better catalytic performance.展开更多
基金supported by the Northeast Geological Science and Technology Innovation Center of China Geological Survey(Grant NO.QCJJ2022-43)the Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Project(Grant Nos.DD20230470,DD20230508)the National Groundwater Monitoring Network Operation and Maintenance Program(Grant No.DD20251300109).
文摘Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374259)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Science and Technology,China(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-11)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province,China(No.202302 AF080004)。
文摘It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla were investigated,its impact on sulfidation flotation was explored,and the mechanisms involved in both fluoride roasting and sulfidation flotation were discussed.With CaF_(2)as the roasting reagent,Na_(2)S·9H_(2)O as the sulfidation reagent,and sodium butyl xanthate(NaBX)as the collector,the results of the flotation experiments showed that fluoride roasting improved the floatability of chrysocolla,and the recovery rate increased from 16.87%to 82.74%.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that after fluoride roasting,approximately all the Cu on the chrysocolla surface was exposed in the form of CuO,which could provide a basis for subsequent sulfidation flotation.The microscopy and elemental analyses revealed that large quantities of"pagoda-like"grains were observed on the sulfidation surface of the fluoride-roasted chrysocolla,indicating high crystallinity particles of copper sulfide.This suggests that the effect of sulfide formation on the chrysocolla surface was more pronounced.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that fluoride roasting increased the relative contents of sulfur and copper on the surface and that both the Cu~+and polysulfide fractions on the surface of the minerals increased.This enhances the effect of sulfidation,which is conducive to flotation recovery.Therefore,fluoride roasting improved the effect of copper species transformation and sulfidation on the surface of chysocolla,promoted the adsorption of collectors,and improved the recovery of chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51073067Scientific and Technological Development Program of Jilin Province,Grant/Award Number:20220201138GX.
文摘In recent years,renewable energy sources,which aim to replace rapidly depleting fossil fuels,face challenges due to limited energy storage and conversion technologies.To enhance energy storage and conversion efficiency,extensive research has been conducted in the academic community on numerous potential materials.Among these materials,metal fluorides have attracted significant attention due to their ionic metal-fluorine bonds and tunable electronic structures,attributed to the highest electronegativity of fluorine in their chemical composition.This makes them promising candidates for future electrochemical applications in various fields.However,metal fluorides encounter various challenges in different application directions.Therefore,we comprehensively review the applications of metal fluorides in the field of energy storage and conversion,aiming to deepen our understanding of their exhibited characteristics in different electrochemical processes.In this paper,we summarize the difficulties and improvement methods encountered in different types of battery applications and several typical electrode optimization strategies in the field of supercapacitors.In the field of water electrolysis,we focus on surface reconstruction and the critical role of fluorine,demonstrating the catalytic performance of metal fluorides from the perspectives of reconstruction mechanism and process analysis.Finally,we provide a summary and outlook for this field,aiming to offer guidance for future breakthroughs in the energy storage and conversion applications of metal fluorides.
文摘You are cordially invited to the 40th Topical Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry,which will be held from 15 to 17 August 2025 in Changchun,China.Changchun is a City of Science,Education,and Resort with a population of more than 9 million.
文摘BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)is a chronic inflammatory disorder presenting as symptoms of dysphagia,esophageal food impaction,chest pain,and heartburn.After an initial trial of proton pump inhibitor(PPI)therapy,swallowed topical corticosteroids(STC)are effective as induction therapy for EoE.However,out-come data for STC as a maintenance strategy is limited.RESULTS Three randomized control trials and one observational study were included,involving 303 patients(189 in the STC group,114 in the placebo-controlled group).Analysis showed that histologic recurrence was significantly lower with STC(OR:0.04,95%CI:0.01-0.28,P<0.00001,I^(2)=78%).Overall symptom recurrence was similar between groups(OR:0.23,95%CI:0.02-3.54,P=0.29,I^(2)=92%).On sensitivity analysis,symptom recurrence was significantly lower in the STC group(OR:0.05,95%CI:0.02-0.17,P=0.00001,I^(2)=39%).Odds of repeat dilation were significantly lower in the STC group(OR:0.14,95%CI:0.02-0.91,P=0.04,I^(2)=0%).Candida infection rates were similar between groups(OR:6.13,95%CI:0.85-44.26,P=0.07,I^(2)=24%).Proportion of concomitant PPI use was similar between groups(OR:1.64,95%CI:0.83-3.21,P=0.15,I^(2)=0%).CONCLUSION For patients who successfully achieved remission of EoE with STC induction therapy,maintaining treatment is effective in sustaining histologic remission,while newer regimens may be effective in preventing symptom recurrence compared to placebo.We found no significant difference for oropharyngeal/esophageal candidiasis with STC maintenance therapy.Future studies with longer follow-up periods are needed.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52203026 and 52027804)。
文摘Herein,a simple method for preparing poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)films with controlledβ/γratios by spin-coating assisted by potassium bromide(KBr)is proposed.The results show that the relative fraction of theβphase(denoted as Fβ)for the films prepared on the KBr surface first decreased until a critical temperature(denoted as Tc)was reached,and then increased with increasing spin-coating temperature.This was related to the dissolved K and Br ions in the films.Further experiments showed that below Tc,high humidity can enhance Fβbut exhibit an adverse effect at and above Tc.The high content of K and Br ions in the PVDF/KBr blend film and larger shear stress can facilitate the formation of theβphase,leading exclusively to the formation ofβ-andγ-phases.The mechanism responsible for the change in Fβwith temperature was proposed:below Tc,the decrease in water intake with increasing temperature results in the decline of Fβ,whereas above Tc,the increase in Fβwith temperature is attributed to the synergistic effect of ions and shear stress.Ultimately,this paves the way for fabricating PVDF films with tailoredβ/γratios for electroactive and energy-harvesting applications.
文摘This research examines the hard-rock aquifer system within the Nagavathi River Basin(NRB)South India,by evaluating seasonal fluctuations in groundwater composition during the pre-monsoon(PRM)and post-monsoon(POM)periods.Seasonal variations significantly influence the groundwater quality,particularly fluoride(F−)concentrations,which can fluctuate due to changes in recharge,evaporation,and anthropogenic activities.This study assesses the dynamics of F−levels in PRM and POM seasons,and identifies elevated health risks using USEPA guidelines and Monte Carlo Simulations(MCS).Groundwater in the study area exhibits alkaline pH,with NaCl and Ca-Na-HCO_(3) facies increasing in the POM season due to intensified ion exchange and rock-water interactions,as indicated in Piper and Gibb’s diagrams.Correlation and dendrogram analyses indicate that F−contamination is from geogenic and anthropogenic sources.F−levels exceed the WHO limit(1.5 mg/L)in 51 PRM and 28 POM samples,affecting 371.74 km^(2) and 203.05 km^(2),respectively.Geochemical processes,including mineral weathering,cation exchange,evaporation,and dilution,are identified through CAI I&II.Health risk assessments reveal that HQ values>1 in 78%of children,73%of teens,and 68%of adults during PRM,decreasing to 45%,40%,and 38%,respectively,in POM.MCS show maximum HQ values of 5.67(PRM)and 4.73(POM)in children,with all age groups facing significant risks from fluoride ingestion.Managed Aquifer Recharge(MAR)is recommended in this study to minimize F−contamination,ensuring safe drinking water for the community.
文摘Background:Corneal scarring following bacterial keratitis,particularly from Pseudomonas infections,poses significant challenges in ophthalmic care.Current treatments often fall short in effectively reducing corneal haze and restoring vision.To our knowledge,this is the first report documenting the use of topical losartan,an angiotensin II receptor antagonist known to inhibit the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)pathway,for treating corneal haze resulting from bacterial keratitis.Case Description:A 30-year-old male presented with a persistent corneal scar in his right eye,178 days post-Pseudomonas keratitis.Despite a prolonged course of topical corticosteroids,his best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)stabilized at 20/40 with a hybrid contact lens over a 2-month period.Given the lack of improvement,we initiated treatment with topical losartan at a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL,administered six times daily.After 4 months of therapy,the patient’s BCVA improved to 20/25.Slit-lamp examination and corneal tomography revealed a significant reduction in corneal haze,indicating a positive response to the treatment.Conclusions:This case suggests that topical losartan may be a promising therapeutic option for reducing corneal opacity following bacterial keratitis by inhibiting the TGF-βpathway.However,further clinical studies are necessary to confirm its efficacy and safety in broader patient populations.
基金the Anusandhan National Research Foundation(ANRF),New Delhi[Erstwhile,Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB)]Department of Science and Technology(DST)(Government of India)(File No.:CRG/2022/002618 Dated:22.08.2023)for providing the grant and support to carry out this work effectively.
文摘The primary objective of this study is to measure fluoride levels in groundwater samples using machine learning approaches alongside traditional and fuzzy logic models based health risk assessment in the hard rock Arjunanadi River basin,South India.Fluoride levels in the study area vary between 0.1 and 3.10 mg/L,with 32 samples exceeding the World Health Organization(WHO)standard of 1.5 mg/L.Hydrogeochemical analyses(Durov and Gibbs)clearly show that the overall water chemistry is primarily influenced by simple dissolution,mixing,and rock-water interactions,indicating that geogenic sources are the predominant contributors to fluoride in the study area.Around 446.5 km^(2)is considered at risk.In predictive analysis,five Machine Learning(ML)models were used,with the AdaBoost model performing better than the other models,achieving 96%accuracy and 4%error rate.The Traditional Health Risk Assessment(THRA)results indicate that 65%of samples pose highly susceptible for dental fluorosis,while 12%of samples pose highly susceptible for skeletal fluorosis in young age groups.The Fuzzy Inference System(FIS)model effectively manages ambiguity and linguistic factors,which are crucial when addressing health risks linked to groundwater fluoride contamination.In this model,input variables include fluoride concentration,individual age,and ingestion rate,while output variables consist of dental caries risk,dental fluorosis,and skeletal fluorosis.The overall results indicate that increased ingestion rates and prolonged exposure to contaminated water make adults and the elderly people vulnerable to dental and skeletal fluorosis,along with very young and young age groups.This study is an essential resource for local authorities,healthcare officials,and communities,aiding in the mitigation of health risks associated with groundwater contamination and enhancing quality of life through improved water management and health risk assessment,aligning with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)3 and 6,thereby contributing to a cleaner and healthier society.
基金supported by the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Program-Excellent Youth Fund Program(2023JH3/10200002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2406000)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52301308)IMR Innovation fund(2023-PY15).
文摘Ti6Al4V alloy has been widely used in dental applications,such as orthodontic mini-implants.However,it has been reported that fluoride ions could obviously accelerate the corrosion of implant materials and affect their performance.This work aimed to improve the F^(−)erosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy through the strategy of both Cu addition and grain refinement.As contrasted with Ti6Al4V alloy,both the coarse-and ultrafine-grained Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloys effectively mitigated the acceleration of the fluoride ions to the anode process,because Cu substituents blocked the continuous damage of F·_(O) doped in the passive film.Furthermore,grain refinement enhanced the protective ability of the passive film,more oxides and less adsorption amount of fluorides presented in the passive film of ultrafine-grained Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy than those of coarse-grained Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy.Under the combination of Cu alloying and grain refinement,the ultrafine-grained Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy is greatly appropriate for the fabrication of orthodontic devices.
文摘Fluoride(F^(-))and arsenic,present as As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ),are widespread toxins in groundwater across India,as well as in other countries or regions like Pakistan,China,Kenya,Africa,Thailand,and Latin America.Their presence in water resources poses significant environmental and health risks,including fluorosis and arsenicosis.To address this issue,this study developed an integrated process combining biosorbents and ultrafiltration(UF)for the removal of F^(-),As,and turbidity from contaminated water.Laboratory-scale adsorption experiments were conducted using low-cost biosorbents with different biosorbent dosages,specifically Moringa oleifera seed powder(MSP)and sorghum bicolor husk(SBH),along with sand as a binding medium.F^(-)and As concentrations ranging from 2 to 10 mg/L and 3 to 12 mg/L,respectively,were investigated.Biosorbents and their different combinations were tested to determine their efficacy in removing dissolved F^(-)and As.The results showed that a blend of 10-g/L MSP with SBH achieved the highest F^(-)(97.20%)and As(78.63%)removal efficiencies.Subsequent treatment with a UF membrane effectively reduced turbidity and colloidal impurities in the treated water,achieving a maximum turbidity removal efficiency of 95.40%.Equilibrium kinetic and isotherm models were employed to analyze the experimental data,demonstrating good fit.Preliminary cost analysis indicated that the hybrid technology is economically viable and suitable for the separation of hazardous contaminants from aqueous solutions.This study underscores the potential of inexpensive biosorption technologies in providing clean and safe drinking water,particularly in industrial,rural,and urban areas.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2024QN04014)the Open Research Fund of Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(Grant No.YSS202401)+2 种基金Scientific Research Support Program for Introducing Talents at the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(DC2400002177 and DC2400003177)Major Projects of Erdos Science and Technology(Project No.2022EEDSKJZDZX015)Applied technology research and development project in Jungar Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2023YY-13).
文摘Groundwater is essential for maintaining public health,promoting economic development,and ensuring ecosystem stability in arid and semi-arid regions.The northwestern Ordos Basin(China)primarily relies on groundwater from multilayered aquifer systems;however,our knowledge of the hydrochemical characteristics and water quality of groundwater in this region is limited.Here,we employed a newly collected dataset of 94 groundwater samples from different aquifers to constrain the source,controlling processes of fluoride in groundwater,and its potential health risk in the area.Groundwater is characterized by Na-Cl and Na-SO_(4) types with a minor Na-HCO_(3) type,which is primarily controlled by ion exchange,silicate weathering,and the dissolution of carbonate and evaporite minerals.Of the groundwater samples,42%exceeded the fluoride limit of 1.5 mg/L established by the World Health Organization(WHO).This is mainly attributed to geogenic sources,including fluorine-bearing mineral dissolution,cation exchange,evaporation,and competitive adsorption.The water quality index suggests that most samples are unsuitable for drinking.Health risk assessment results based on the Monte Carlo simulation indicate that children face significantly higher non-carcinogenic health risks from fluoride exposure than adults(both males and females).These findings provide new insights into the complex hydrogeochemical evolution of fluoride in groundwater and the groundwater quality status in multi-aquifer systems,contributing to the sustainable development and management of groundwater resources in the Ordos Basin.
基金the Department of Science and Technology(DST)-India for providing a departmental grant to the Department of Biochemistry,Central University of Punjab,Bathinda,India,in the form of a DST-Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure(FIST)grant。
文摘Microplastics (MPs), fluoride (FR), and fungicide mancozeb (MZ) are common contaminants in soil. However, there is no information about the combined impacts of MPs, FR, and MZ on tomato plant growth features in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ (both analytical grade and commercial) on the growth and development of tomato plants and metagenomics of rhizosphere soil. A pot experiment was set up in an artificial greenhouse with two sets of treatments. One set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and analytical grade MZ (B2) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W2), and the other set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and commercial MZ (B3) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W3). No detrimental effects of MPs, FR, and MZ were detected on the growth parameters of tomato plants, including the number of leaves and chlorophyll concentration. However, tomato roots showed knot and nodulation-type structures, and metabolomic profiling revealed that combined exposure to MPs, FR, and MZ profoundly reprogrammed the primary metabolism in tomato roots, with marked alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid pathways. Metagenome whole genome sequencing showed that the B2 and B3 treatments profoundly affected soil microbial community composition, diversity, gene abundances, and functional gene variations compared to W2 and W3. Proteobacteria became the dominating phylum in B2 and B3, causing a significant shift in the microbiome. Its abundance soared to 66.7% in B2 and 75.4% in B3, compared to only 35.9% in W2 and 28.9% in W3. On the other hand, Actinobacteria decreased significantly from 55.6% in W2 and 63.8% in W3 to 18.1% in B2 and 9.6% in B3. This study highlights the microbial shifts due to combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ, providing evidence for understanding their environmental risks.
文摘In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be deleted.The correct sentence is as below.
文摘Sodium fluoride(NaF)is a daily necessity consumed as the major ingredient of fluorinated drinking water,milk,salts,mouthwashes,toothpaste,and dentistry medications.However,the use of NaF products has also been associated with increased fluoride anion distribution in the body,leading to hypertension.AIM This study evaluated the antihypertensive effect of sweet orange peels-enriched white melon seed protein concentrate(WSP)biscuit meal in eight-week-old albino rats exposed to NaF for 14 days.METHODS Forty-two(42)male Wistar albino rats were assigned at random into 7 groups of 6 rats per group(control group and six experimental groups).The experimental groups received various treatments that lasted for two weeks.Twenty-four hours after the last administration,hemodynamic parameters were evaluated,rats were sacrificed,blood samples were collected,and the heart was harvested.Blood serum was assessed for cardiac troponin I(cTnI),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).At the same time,the heart homogenate was assayed for angiotensin-1 converting enzyme(ACE)activity,proinflammatory cytokines,nitric oxide concentrations,and antioxidant status.Cardiac tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin,Masson’s Trichrome,and cTnI.Also,the safety of the WSP biscuit diet was evaluated.RESULTS Results obtained showed that NaF administration elevated the collagen content of cardiac tissues,activities of ACE,and concentrations of cTnI,CK-MB,LDH,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and interleukin 1 beta,while there was a reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide and antioxidants;however,their alterations were significantly prevented in WSP-biscuit-fed rats.The WSP biscuit meal is safe for consumption and possesses dose-dependent antihypertensive ability at 10%and 20%inclusion.CONCLUSION The WSP biscuit diet may be recommended in diet formulation for the management of individuals or communities that are predisposed to NaF contaminations.
文摘Peyronie’s disease(PD)presents a multifaceted challenge in contemporary urological practice,marked by penile deformity,pain,and the potential for erectile dysfunction.We meticulously explored the existing literature of intralesional/topical interventions,aiming to provide clinicians with a nuanced understanding of available options for comprehensive PD management.To conduct this review,we performed a systematic search using the PubMed,Scopus,and ScienceDirect databases,including the keywords of combination of the“Peyronie’s disease/plastic induration of the penis(PIP)and intralesional/topical treatments”.The study selection was based on adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,resulting in the inclusion of 16 articles.We delve into the effectiveness and safety profiles of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum(CCH),interferon,platelet-rich plasma(PRP),hyaluronic acid,botulinum toxin,stem cell,extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT),and traction therapy,assessing their impact on penile curvature,length improvement,and patient-reported symptoms and outcomes.The best options evaluated are intralesional injections of CCH and penile traction devices,alone or in combination.Despite PD remains a challenge for urologists,the objective of this review is to contribute to the evolving landscape of PD management,fostering informed decision-making,and personalized care for individuals grappling with this challenging condition.
文摘Topical chemotherapy is increasingly used to treat ocular surface tumors as a primary therapy and an adjuvant treatment after surgical excision.The most employed topical agents include mitomycin C(MMC),5-fluorouracil(5-FU),and interferon alpha-2b(IFNα2b),each with distinctmechanisms of action,efficacy profiles,and toxicity risks.Although these agents offer effective tumor control and allow for a non-invasive approach in many cases,ocular surface complications requiring medical or surgical management can occur.This summarizes the adverse effect and outilines practical strategies for their prevention and treatment.MMC is the most potent agent but also the most toxic,with reported complications such as limbal stemcell deficiency,punctal stenosis,and persistent epithelial defects.5-FU demonstrates a more favorable safety profile,although rare cases of corneal ulceration have been described.IFNα2b is well tolerated and associated primarily with mild,reversible reactions.The choice of the proper agent should be tailored according to patient’s clinical presentation,ocular surface status,and ability to adhere to therapy and followup.Timely recognition and management of complications are essential to minimize long-term sequelae.Reliance on compounded formulations highlights the need for stable,standardized,and commercially available topical agents specifically designed for ocular use to ensure safety,reproducibility,and global accessibility.
基金financially supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52203026 and 52027804)。
文摘Highly oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)ultrathin films with differentβ-phase contents were prepared using the melt-draw method.The effect ofβ-phase content onα-βphase transition of highly oriented PVDF ultrathin films induced by stretching was investigated using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The results show that stretching can enhance the crystallinity and increase the average thickness of the lamellae.A fullα-βphase transition can be achieved for PVDF ultrathin films of 20.6%βphase stretched to aλ(stretching ratio)of 1.5,while fewαphases still exist for ultrathin films of 35.0%βphase,together with bent and tilted lamellae.Compared to thicker PVDF films undergoing stretching-inducedα-βphase transition,the higherα-βphase transition efficiency of the PVDF ultrathin films can be attributed to the parallel aligned lamellar structure.Moreover,a higherβ-phase content can suppressα-βphase transition because of the stress concentration effect ofβ-phase.Ultimately,these results provide valuable insights into the stretching-inducedα-βphase transition of PVDF ultrathin films.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21865011)2024 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of College Student in Jishou University(JDCX20241122)。
文摘To remove the fluoride in zinc sulfate electrolyte to an appropriate level,mitigate environmental fluoride pollution,and drive the development of the hydrometallurgy industry of zinc,a novel Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@Fe-MIL-101 magnetic composite material was successfully synthesized via the one-pot method.Preparation conditions were optimized and structural characterization of this material conducted using FTIR,SEM,EDS,XRD and Hysteresis analysis.The results show that this composite exhibits a more rapid fluoride adsorption dynamics and a higher fluoride adsorption capacity(18.34 mg/g)and its adsorption behavior fitted for the first order dynamic model and the Freundlich isotherm model.The adsorption of fluorine by this composite is mainly physical adsorption according to the mean adsorption energy(1.216 kJ/mol).The interfering ions co-existed in fluoride-containing solutions,like HCO_(3)^(-),NO^(-)and Cl^(-),have a significant effect on fluorine adsorption.This composite has also been proved with magnetism,higher adsorption selectivity and satisfactory reusability.When this composite is employed as an adsorbent for adsorption removing fluoride in zinc sulfate electrolyte,it exhibits higher pH-dependent behavior as well as high fluoride removal efficiency at pH 6.5.
基金Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC1909102)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2020BS05033)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Major Basic Research Open Project(0406091701)Major Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China(2018ZD07)。
文摘Neodymium oxyfluoride has received much attention in the fields of anionic solid electrolytes.luminescent,catalytic and magnetic materials because of its structure combined advantages of rareearth cations with F^(-)and O_(2)^(-)anions.In this work,neodynium oxyfluoride was synthesized by the reaction between neodymium oxide and four fluoride media with different fluoride ion activities.The synthesis processes in molten LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3)and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)are observed in situ by a confocal scanning laser microscope.The expansion of neodymium oxide particle is observed in the LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)melts,and the growth of needle crystals on neodymium oxide particle is clearly observed in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3).Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses of products,neodynium oxyfluoride was successfully synthesized in the four fluoride media.The neodynium oxyfluoride generated in the LiF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),LiF-NdF_(3),and NaF-KF-NdF_(3)melts is a tetragonal structure.However,in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3),neodynium oxyfluoride with a rhombohedral structure is formed.It is suggested that the substitution of Na(Ⅰ)and Ca(Ⅱ)for Nd(Ⅲ)can transform NdOF from tetragonal structure to rhombohedral structure.The growth rate of needle crystals generated in molten NaF-CaF_(2)-NdF_(3)was calculated based on the result of a confocal scanning laser microscope,and it is found that the reaction kinetics of crystal formation is zero-order reaction.The effect of fluoride media on the structure and morphology of formed NdOF were evaluated by XRD,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and SEM.The neodymium oxyfluoride prepared in the fluoride media with high fluoride ion activity has low binding energy of F 1 s.The ratio of adsorbed oxygen to lattice oxygen for neodymium oxyfluoride prepared in molten LiF-NdF_(3)is larger than those in the other three fluoride media,so it can have better catalytic performance.
