Schizophrenia(SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with an unclear pathogenesis.Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress(OS) may contribute to the neuropathological processes underlying SCZ.Biothiols,key endogen...Schizophrenia(SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with an unclear pathogenesis.Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress(OS) may contribute to the neuropathological processes underlying SCZ.Biothiols,key endogenous antioxidants,have been proposed as potential biomarkers for the disease.However,due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),fluorescent probes are rarely used to image biothiols in the brain of SCZ models.In this study,a series of fluorescent probes for biothiols were developed using dicyanoisophorone derivatives as fluorophores known for their excellent optical properties,and carboxylic esters as recognition units.A parallel synthesis and rapid screening strategy was employed to construct and optimize these probes.By introducing trifluoromethyl and benzothiazole groups into the fluorophore,the emission wavelength was successfully shifted into the near-infrared region.Additionally,various trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds were incorporated to optimize the carboxylic esters,thereby improving the probes' reactivity and lipophilicity.Systematic evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics,and optical performance led to the identification of DCIBT-11 as the most promising candidate.DCI-BT-11 demonstrated excellent BBB permeability and a good response to biothiols both in vitro and in vivo.Notably,DCI-BT-11 was used for the first time to visualize biothiol flux and assess the therapeutic effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine(NAC) in the brains of SCZ mouse models,offering new insights into the role of OS in the pathogenesis and treatment of SCZ.展开更多
Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of...Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of multiple RSSs significant for evaluating ferroptosis therapy.However,the traditional techniques,including fluorescent(FL) imaging and electrospray ionization-based mass spectrometry(MS) detection,cannot achieve the discrimination of different RSSs.Herein,simultaneous MS detection of multiple RSSs,including cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy),glutathione(GSH) and hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),was obtained upon enhancing ionization efficiency by a fluorescent probe(NBD-O-1).Based on the interaction between NBD-O-1 and RSSs,the complex of RSSs with a fragment of NBD-O-1 can be generated,which can be easily ionized for MS detection in the negative mode.Therefore,the intracellular RSSs can be well detected upon the incubation of He La cells with the probe of NBD-O-1,exhibiting the total RSS levels by the FL imaging and further providing expression of each RSS by enhanced MS detection.Furthermore,the RSSs during ferroptosis in He La cells have been evaluated using the present strategy,demonstrating the potential for ferroptosis examinations.This work has made an unconventional application of a fluorescent probe to enhance the detection of multiple RSSs by MS,providing significant molecular information for addressing the ferroptosis mechanism.展开更多
The detection of amino acid enantiomers holds significant importance in biomedical,chemical,food,and other fields.Traditional chiral recognition methods using fluorescent probes primarily rely on fluorescence intensit...The detection of amino acid enantiomers holds significant importance in biomedical,chemical,food,and other fields.Traditional chiral recognition methods using fluorescent probes primarily rely on fluorescence intensity changes,which can compromise accuracy and repeatability.In this study,we report a novel fluorescent probe(R)-Z1 that achieves effective enantioselective recognition of chiral amino acids in water by altering emission wavelengths(>60 nm).This water-soluble probe(R)-Z1 exhibits cyan or yellow-green luminescence upon interaction with amino acid enantiomers,enabling reliable chiral detection of 14 natural amino acids.It also allows for the determination of enantiomeric excess through monitoring changes in luminescent color.Additionally,a logic operation with two inputs and three outputs was constructed based on these optical properties.Notably,amino acid enantiomers were successfully detected via dual-channel analysis at both the food and cellular levels.This study provides a new dynamic luminescence-based tool for the accurate sensing and detection of amino acid enantiomers.展开更多
Sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)) and its derivatives have been recognized as harmful environmental pollutants.However,they are often produced during the processing of traditional Chinese medicines,potentially compromising the q...Sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)) and its derivatives have been recognized as harmful environmental pollutants.However,they are often produced during the processing of traditional Chinese medicines,potentially compromising the quality of these medicinal materials and contributing to various health issues.Due to a lack of effective monitoring and imaging tools,the physiological effects of excessive SO_(2) residues in traditional Chinese medicine remain unclear.Therefore,developing a rapid and effective tool for detecting SO_(2) is crucial for understanding its metabolic pathways and effects in vivo.In this study,we developed a near infrared(NIR) and ratiometric fluorescent probe,NIR-RS,which exhibits high sensitivity,selectivity,and rapid response for SO_(2) detection.Notably,NIR-RS accurately quantifies SO_(2) contents in Pinelliae rhizoma(P.rhizoma) samples,with recovery rates from 98.46 % to 102.40 %,and relative standard deviations(RSDs)< 5.0 %.For bioimaging applications,NIR-RS has low cytotoxicity and good mitochondrial-targeting ability,making it suitable for imaging exogenous and endogenous SO_(2) in mitochondria.Additionally,NIR-RS was successfully applied to image SO_(2) content of P.rhizoma samples within cells,revealing that high SO_(2) residue elevated mitochondria adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content,these findings reveal that P.rhizoma with excessive SO_(2) can affect the organism's growth mechanisms through alterations in ATP pathways.In vivo,SO_(2) was found to predominantly accumulate in the liver following gavage with P.rhizoma solution,with accumulation levels increasing in proportion to SO_(2) residue concentration.High SO_(2) concentrations in P.rhizoma can cause pulmonary fibrosis and gastric mucosal damage.This work provides a valuable tool for regulating SO_(2) content in P.rhizoma and may help researcher better understand the metabolism of SO_(2) derivatives and explore their physiological roles in biological systems.展开更多
Fluorescent probes,with their superior optical properties and labeling versatility,have greatly advanced the visualization of intracellular molecules and subcellular structures.However,poor cytoplasmic delivery,caused...Fluorescent probes,with their superior optical properties and labeling versatility,have greatly advanced the visualization of intracellular molecules and subcellular structures.However,poor cytoplasmic delivery,caused by charge,size,or targeting groups,limits the effective use of many fluorescent probes in live cells.Recently,cell-penetrating peptides(CPPs)have emerged as efficient carriers,offering great potential for the cytoplasmic delivery of fluorescent probes in live cells.This review provides a comprehensive overview of CPPs as vehicles for probe delivery,outlining advances in their development,conjugation chemistries,and intracellular delivery mechanisms.Recent applications in live-cell imaging are highlighted and organized according to major CPP modification strategies,including sequence engineering,cyclization,hybrid design and enhancement by chemical reagents.Finally,the challenges that remain and the future outlook of this rapidly evolvingfield are discussed.展开更多
To address the lack of systematic studies on heavy metal fluorescent probes in typical buffer solutions,this study developed a Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)fluorescent probe,DHU‑NP‑4,based on a naphthalimide fluorophore.Comparat...To address the lack of systematic studies on heavy metal fluorescent probes in typical buffer solutions,this study developed a Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)fluorescent probe,DHU‑NP‑4,based on a naphthalimide fluorophore.Comparative analysis of the probe's performance in various buffer systems revealed that buffers with high organic content are unsuitable for evaluating such probes.Furthermore,the pH of the solvent system was found to significantly influence the probe's behavior.Under highly acidic conditions(pH≤2),DHU‑NP‑4 exhibited exceptional specificity for Fe^(3+),while in alkaline conditions,it demonstrated high specificity for Cu^(2+).Leveraging these properties,the probe enabled the quantitative detection of Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)in solution.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a seri...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients.Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells,leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC.Herein,we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes(HTB,HTI,and HTP)for CRC detection.Among them,HTB showed high sensitivity,minimal background interference,low cytotoxicity,and significant viscous response capability,making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells.Importantly,we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft(CDX)model,enriching its medical imaging capacity,which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multi-system damage and autoimmune features.The main clinical manifestations of RA include joint pain,swelling,and stiffness,and RA may lead to joint def...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multi-system damage and autoimmune features.The main clinical manifestations of RA include joint pain,swelling,and stiffness,and RA may lead to joint deformity and dysfunction in severe cases.The pathologic development of RA involves complex interactions of multiple biomarkers,and detecting a single biomarker may produce falsepositive results due to other confounding factors.Therefore,fluorescent probes that can detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously are crucial for precise RA diagnosis.Peroxynitrite(ONOO^(-)) and viscosity are inflammation-related factors in cells.In this study,we developed a dual responsive near-infrared fluorescent probe,YLS,for ONOO^(-) and viscosity.The probe features dual-channel turn-on fluorescence responses at 625 and 760 nm upon the presence of ONOO^(-) and viscosity,respectively.Supported by YLS,we found that during RA pathology,lymphocyte infiltration not only increases the concentration of proteins in the joint fluid resulting in elevated viscosity;at the same time,the overproduction of ONOO^(-) exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.This multiparameter assay is expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the early stages of RA,thus providing a scientific basis for early intervention and personalized treatment.展开更多
In this study,a self-calibrating near-infrared fluorescence probe was designed and synthesized based on the dual-fluorophore strategy utilizing methylene blue and coumarin.The probe utilized methylene blue(emission sp...In this study,a self-calibrating near-infrared fluorescence probe was designed and synthesized based on the dual-fluorophore strategy utilizing methylene blue and coumarin.The probe utilized methylene blue(emission spectrum range:640-740 nm)and coumarin fluorophore(emission spectrum range:440-600 nm)as signal output units,thereby achieving effective spectral separation and highly selective detection of HClO.Under physiological pH conditions,HClO triggers an oxidation-cleavage reaction,releasing methylene blue and coumarin,which emit distinct red and green fluorescence,respectively.This dual-emission feature enabled rapid HClO detection with two-channel detection limits of 25.13 nmol·L^(-1)(green channel)and 31.55 nmol·L^(-1)(red channel).Furthermore,in cell imaging experiments,this probe demonstrated excellent cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity,successfully enabling the monitoring of both endogenous and exogenous HClO in living cells.By incorporating a twochannel self-calibration system,the probe effectively mitigated signal variations caused by instrumental or environmental interference,substantially improving detection sensitivity and reliability.展开更多
The abnormal metabolic activity of the tumor can increase the oxygen consumption in tumor cells,and the poor blood perfusion often happens in tumor regions as well,which are the main reasons that result in a hypoxic s...The abnormal metabolic activity of the tumor can increase the oxygen consumption in tumor cells,and the poor blood perfusion often happens in tumor regions as well,which are the main reasons that result in a hypoxic situation in the tumor.A fluorescence probe,AQD,with selective response toward hypoxia was designed for the detection of hypoxic tumor cells,which was obtained by the covalent connection of a large planar conjugated fluorophore with good fluorescence stability and a N,N-dimethylaniline moiety via the azo bond.The introduction of the azo bond in AQD caused significant fluorescence emission quenching,and the probe was reduced under hypoxic conditions to release the fluorophore via breaking the azo bond,resulting in the gradual recovery of fluorescence emission.Probe AQD exhibited a remarkable fluorescence response in hypoxic conditions,high selectivity,and good biocompatibility,which was successfully used for the imaging of hypoxic tumor cells and realized the detection of hypoxic A549 cells.展开更多
A new coumarin derivative C2 was constructed to act as a highly effective turn-on fluorescent probe for Cu^(2+)ions.The introduction of Cu^(2+)could lead to the hydrolytic cleavage of the phenylhydrazone moiety in C2 ...A new coumarin derivative C2 was constructed to act as a highly effective turn-on fluorescent probe for Cu^(2+)ions.The introduction of Cu^(2+)could lead to the hydrolytic cleavage of the phenylhydrazone moiety in C2 and the transformation into strongly fluorescent aldehyde C1.Probe C2 could recognize Cu^(2+)through a marked fluorescence enhancement with the detection limit as low as 150 nmol/L.By virtue of this unique catalytic hydrolysis reaction,compound C2 displayed highly selective response toward Cu^(2+)over other common ions even in the presence of excessive competitive ions.Furthermore,there was a good linear relationship between the intensity change and the concentration of Cu^(2+)ions,which was beneficial for the exactly quantitative detection.Especially,the efficient detection of Cu^(2+)with C2 for the practical application was successfully performed in gas-generating agents detection.展开更多
Herein,a luminescent europium-based metal-organic framework(Eu-MOF,[Eu_(3)(L)(HL)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(2)]·4DMF·5H_(2)O,H_(4)L=5,5′-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)was developed...Herein,a luminescent europium-based metal-organic framework(Eu-MOF,[Eu_(3)(L)(HL)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(2)]·4DMF·5H_(2)O,H_(4)L=5,5′-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)was developed for the dual-functional detection of environmental pollutants.This fluorescence-quenching-based sensor exhibited excep-tional sensitivity for both 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TNP)and tetracycline(TC),achieving remarkably low detection lim-its of 1.96×10^(-6)and 1.71×10^(-7)mol·L^(-1),respectively.Notably,the system exhibited 99%fluorescence quenching ef-ficiency for TC,indicating ultra-efficient analyte recognition.The detection performance surpasses most reported lu-minescent MOF sensors,attributed to synergistic mechanisms of fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)and photoinduced electron transfer(PET).CCDC:2446483.展开更多
Hypochlorous acid(HClO)is a critical biomolecule in living organisms,playing an essential role in numerous physiological or pathological processes.Abnormal levels of HClO in the body may lead to a series of diseases,f...Hypochlorous acid(HClO)is a critical biomolecule in living organisms,playing an essential role in numerous physiological or pathological processes.Abnormal levels of HClO in the body may lead to a series of diseases,for instance,inflammation and cancer.Thus,accurate measurement of HClO levels should be more beneficial for understanding its role in diseases and gaining a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of diseases.In this work,we designed a near-infrared two-photon fluorescent probe(HDM-Cl-HClO)for detecting fluctuations in HClO levels in inflammatory and tumor-bearing mice.Notably,the probe can respond to HClO within 5 s and trigger a brilliant red fluorescence at 660 nm.It exhibits high specificity and sensitivity for HClO.The superior spectral capability of the probe has enabled the detection of HClO levels in cells and zebrafish,as well as achieved the detection of HClO in inflammatory and tumor mice.This work not only provides a novel strategy and tool for HClO imaging in living systems,but also holds great potential for the diagnosis of inflammation and cancer.展开更多
Early recognition is key to improving the prognosis of ischemic stroke(IS),while available imaging methods tend to target events that have already undergone ischemia.A new method to detect early IS is urgently needed,...Early recognition is key to improving the prognosis of ischemic stroke(IS),while available imaging methods tend to target events that have already undergone ischemia.A new method to detect early IS is urgently needed,as well as further study of its mechanisms.Viscosity and cysteine(Cys)levels of mitochondria have been associated with ferroptosis and IS.It is possible to identify IS and ferroptosis accurately and early by monitoring changes in mitochondrial Cys and viscosity simultaneously.In this work,a viscosity/Cys dual-responsive mitochondrial-targeted near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent probe(NVCP)was constructed for the precise tracking of IS using a two-dimensional design strategy.NVCP consists of a chromophore dyad containing diethylaminostyrene quinolinium rotor and chloro-sulfonylbenzoxadiazole(SBD-Cl)derivative with two easily distinguished emission bands(λ_(em)=592 and 670 nm).NVCP performs the way of killing two birds with one stone,that is,the probe exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity for detecting viscosity and Cys in living cells with excellent biocompatibility and accurate mitochondrial targeting capability by dual channel imaging mode.In addition,NVCP recognized that the viscosity increases and Cys level decreases in cells when undergoing ferroptosis and oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)stress by confocal imaging,flow cytometry,and Western blot experiments.Treatment of ferroptosis inhibitors(ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)and deferoxamine(DFO))could reverse the variation tendency of viscosity and Cys.This is the first time that the relationship between ferroptosis and IS was identified through an analysis of Cys and viscosity.More importantly,the ischemic area was also instantly distinguished from normal tissues through fluorescence imaging of NVCP in vivo.The developed NIR dual-responsive probe NVCP toward viscosity and Cys could serve as a sensitive and reliable tool for tracking ferroptosis-related pathological processes during IS.展开更多
Fluorescence-based imaging applications have been benefiting greatly from donor-acceptor(D-A)/donor-π-acceptor(D-π-A)fluorescent probes owing to their intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)nature and self-assembly beha...Fluorescence-based imaging applications have been benefiting greatly from donor-acceptor(D-A)/donor-π-acceptor(D-π-A)fluorescent probes owing to their intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)nature and self-assembly behavior.In this study,we design and synthesize a hydrophilic D-A fluorescent probe,namely CHBA,which would self-assemble into interlaced textures down to nanoscale but disassemble by trace amount of water in fingertip area.Upon finger-pressing,it enables fingerprint imaging and covers level-1/2/3 fingerprint information,wherein the sweat pores can be mapped in both bright field model and fluorescence mode,capable of naked-eye-based similarity analysis for personal identity verification(PIV).Spectroscopic analysis and morphology study show that the working mechanism can be attributed to the selective water-erosion effect on the solid-liquid interphase under physical contact.The sweat pore information can be digitized by polar coordinate conversion,further allowing machine-learning-based analysis for PIV application.The final PIV accuracy reaches 100%for all the involved machine-learning models,with no erroneous judgements.A prototype of PIV system is constructed by integrating CHBA with artificial intelligence hardware,wherein the sweat pore imaging,data processing and the decisionmaking could be run in parallel,suggesting high feasibility in real-world application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic esophagitis can progress to esophageal cancer via"inflammationdysplasia-cancer"transformation,with nitric oxide(NO)serving as a critical mediator in this process.Traditional diagnostic met...BACKGROUND Chronic esophagitis can progress to esophageal cancer via"inflammationdysplasia-cancer"transformation,with nitric oxide(NO)serving as a critical mediator in this process.Traditional diagnostic methods(e.g.,endoscopic biopsy)for esophageal cancer transformation have low sensitivity and require long detection time,while existing fluorescent probes lack specificity and stability for real-time NO monitoring.High-performance fluorescent probes like DAF-FM,with NO-targeting ability,show potential for visual screening and efficacy evaluation but need systematic validation in esophageal cancer models.AIM To validate the applicability of the fluorescent probe DAF-FM for visual screening of esophageal cancer transformation,explore the underlying mechanism of NOregulated transformation,and evaluate the probe’s efficacy in monitoring therapeutic responses.METHODS Laser confocal imaging and flow cytometry were used to analyze DAF-FM’s NO concentration/time-dependent fluorescence response,lysosomal targeting(via Pearson coefficient),and cytotoxicity(with cholecystokinin-8 assay)in esophageal cells.Sprague-Dawley rat esophageal cancer models(normal,esophagitis,esophageal cancer,and drug/radiotherapy intervention)were established to monitor NO dynamics and tumor volume correlation.Clinical diagnostic comparison(50 suspected patients)with endoscopic biopsy/histopathology was conducted using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Student’s t-test(P<0.05).Western blot and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction were used to explore NO’s role in the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway.RESULTS DAF-FM exhibited concentration/time-dependent fluorescence with NO(300μM NO:60-minute fluorescence intensity 458±15 arbitrary units,P<0.05)and specific lysosomal targeting(Pearson’s coefficient=0.82±0.03).It had low cytotoxicity(82.3%±4.1%cell viability at 50μM).In rat models,DAF-FM showed that NO was correlated with tumor volume(R²=0.87).Clinically,its sensitivity(92.5%)outperformed endoscopic biopsy(78.3%),with shorter detection time(30 minutes vs 48 hours,P<0.05).Mechanistically,NO regulated transformation via the NF-κB pathway(Pearson’s coefficient=0.78±0.05 between DAF-FM and NF-κB).CONCLUSION DAF-FM is a feasible tool for visual screening of esophageal cancer transformation,enabling real-time NO monitoring,high-sensitivity diagnosis,and therapeutic efficacy evaluation.It provides a new approach for esophageal cancer diagnosis and mechanism research.展开更多
Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging f...Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging from organic dyes to genetically encoded proteins and nanomaterials, provide unparalleled specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities. However, challenges such as brightness, photobleaching, biocompatibility, and emission range continue to drive innovation in probe design and application. This special issue, comprising four review papers and seven original research studies, highlights cutting-edge advancements in fluorescent probe technologies and their transformative roles in super-resolution imaging, in vivo diagnostics, and cancer therapeutics.展开更多
Thiol-ene click polymerization has become an effective synthetic tool for constructing diverse sulfurcontaining polymers with advanced functions.However,the polymerization of internal alkene and thiol has been rarely ...Thiol-ene click polymerization has become an effective synthetic tool for constructing diverse sulfurcontaining polymers with advanced functions.However,the polymerization of internal alkene and thiol has been rarely used to prepare functional polymers because of large steric hindrance and relatively weak reactivity.In this work,a base-catalyzed click polymerization of thiols and internal olefins was successfully established in air.Notably,the polymerization went smoothly in halogen-containing solvent even without any catalyst via a radical step-growth polymerization.The polymerization enjoys excellent monomer applicability,which affords 16 well-defined polythioethers in high yields(up to 99%)with high molecular weights(Mwup to 19,600),good thermal stability(Td,5%up to 326℃),broadly regulated glass transition temperatures(-24~95℃),and unconventional fluorescence.Via a simple solvent regulation strategy,the vanillin-derived polythioether could be used as a turn-off fluorescence probe for Fe3+ions in DMF/H2O and a turn-on probe for Ag+ions in THF,with low detection limits of 9.15×10^(-7)mol/L and 4.60×10^(-7)mol/L,respectively.Additionally,the detection of Ag+presented a transformation from a clear solution to an emulsion,expanding the application prospects through observing colorimetric and fluorescent dual signals.Thus,this work not only holds significance in establishing an efficient polymerization,but also provides a strategy to prepare sensitive fluorescent probes for multiple metal ions.展开更多
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a vital signaling molecule that related to a variety of pathologies in both animals and plants. However, high levels of MGO are associated with several diseases. Therefore, developing a sensitiv...Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a vital signaling molecule that related to a variety of pathologies in both animals and plants. However, high levels of MGO are associated with several diseases. Therefore, developing a sensitive method for monitoring MGO levels in vivo and investigating its molecular mechanism is of great importance. Although most of the reported MGO fluorescence probes are designed for cells and animals, none have been used for study MGO levels in plants. Consequently, we herein report a fluorescent probe named CPDN, which is rational constructed utilizing coumarin derivatives and O-phenylenediamine as the fluorophore and the recognition group, respectively. In our study, CPDN have shown ability to selectively and sensitively detect MGO in solution and has been successfully exploited for imaging endogenous and exogenous MGO levels in living cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, further investigation of CPDN has found that high MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana could inhibit the root growth. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana increased when subjected to drought stress, which may be the main cause inhibiting root development and resulting in shorter root length. Therefore, the probe CPDN can be a powerful tool for studying the MGO levels under abiotic stress conditions and exploring its role in plant growth mechanisms. We believe that the application of CPDN in monitoring MGO levels in plants holds great values for deepening the understanding of plant growth mechanisms.展开更多
Liver diseases,particularly acute alcoholic liver injury(AALI),drug-induced liver injury(DILI),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),have become global public health issues.Glutathione(GSH),as an important antioxidant,pla...Liver diseases,particularly acute alcoholic liver injury(AALI),drug-induced liver injury(DILI),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),have become global public health issues.Glutathione(GSH),as an important antioxidant,plays a crucial role in the liver,and its changes are closely associated with liver injury and the development of liver cancer.Therefore,accurately monitoring GSH variations is critical for understanding liver injury mechanisms,early diagnosis,and treatment evaluation.However,traditional detection methods suffer from insufficient sensitivity and selectivity.To address these challenges,we developed an innovative DR-Au^(3+)/DR-Pd^(2+)complex probe that can rapidly and sensitively detect GSH through near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence changes.This probe,with the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths of the probe both located in the NIR region,exhibits excellent selectivity and liver-targeting ability,overcoming the imprecision localization problems of traditional methods.In the AALI and DILI models,the optimized DR-Au^(3+)probe enables real-time monitoring of GSH level fluctuations,providing a powerful tool for early diagnosis of liver injury and dynamic evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.In the DILI and HCC models,the DR-Au^(3+)probe enables visualization and quantitative monitoring of the ferroptosis process,offering new perspectives and approaches for targeted therapy research.The DR-Au^(3+)probe we developed pioneers innovative strategies for establishing accurate diagnostic protocols and individualized therapeutic regimens in hepatic injury and hepatocellular carcinoma management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22177025,21807021,22177026)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No.B2021201038)+1 种基金the Foundation of Hebei University (No.050001-513300201004)the Director’s Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis,Ministry of Education,Hebei University (No.MCMDZR2024003)。
文摘Schizophrenia(SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with an unclear pathogenesis.Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress(OS) may contribute to the neuropathological processes underlying SCZ.Biothiols,key endogenous antioxidants,have been proposed as potential biomarkers for the disease.However,due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),fluorescent probes are rarely used to image biothiols in the brain of SCZ models.In this study,a series of fluorescent probes for biothiols were developed using dicyanoisophorone derivatives as fluorophores known for their excellent optical properties,and carboxylic esters as recognition units.A parallel synthesis and rapid screening strategy was employed to construct and optimize these probes.By introducing trifluoromethyl and benzothiazole groups into the fluorophore,the emission wavelength was successfully shifted into the near-infrared region.Additionally,various trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds were incorporated to optimize the carboxylic esters,thereby improving the probes' reactivity and lipophilicity.Systematic evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics,and optical performance led to the identification of DCIBT-11 as the most promising candidate.DCI-BT-11 demonstrated excellent BBB permeability and a good response to biothiols both in vitro and in vivo.Notably,DCI-BT-11 was used for the first time to visualize biothiol flux and assess the therapeutic effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine(NAC) in the brains of SCZ mouse models,offering new insights into the role of OS in the pathogenesis and treatment of SCZ.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2024YFA1509600)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22474010 and 22274012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2233300007)。
文摘Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species(RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis.This makes the simultaneous detection of multiple RSSs significant for evaluating ferroptosis therapy.However,the traditional techniques,including fluorescent(FL) imaging and electrospray ionization-based mass spectrometry(MS) detection,cannot achieve the discrimination of different RSSs.Herein,simultaneous MS detection of multiple RSSs,including cysteine(Cys),homocysteine(Hcy),glutathione(GSH) and hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),was obtained upon enhancing ionization efficiency by a fluorescent probe(NBD-O-1).Based on the interaction between NBD-O-1 and RSSs,the complex of RSSs with a fragment of NBD-O-1 can be generated,which can be easily ionized for MS detection in the negative mode.Therefore,the intracellular RSSs can be well detected upon the incubation of He La cells with the probe of NBD-O-1,exhibiting the total RSS levels by the FL imaging and further providing expression of each RSS by enhanced MS detection.Furthermore,the RSSs during ferroptosis in He La cells have been evaluated using the present strategy,demonstrating the potential for ferroptosis examinations.This work has made an unconventional application of a fluorescent probe to enhance the detection of multiple RSSs by MS,providing significant molecular information for addressing the ferroptosis mechanism.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22377097,22307036,22074114)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Nos.2020CFB623,2021CFB556)Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education(No.LCX202305)。
文摘The detection of amino acid enantiomers holds significant importance in biomedical,chemical,food,and other fields.Traditional chiral recognition methods using fluorescent probes primarily rely on fluorescence intensity changes,which can compromise accuracy and repeatability.In this study,we report a novel fluorescent probe(R)-Z1 that achieves effective enantioselective recognition of chiral amino acids in water by altering emission wavelengths(>60 nm).This water-soluble probe(R)-Z1 exhibits cyan or yellow-green luminescence upon interaction with amino acid enantiomers,enabling reliable chiral detection of 14 natural amino acids.It also allows for the determination of enantiomeric excess through monitoring changes in luminescent color.Additionally,a logic operation with two inputs and three outputs was constructed based on these optical properties.Notably,amino acid enantiomers were successfully detected via dual-channel analysis at both the food and cellular levels.This study provides a new dynamic luminescence-based tool for the accurate sensing and detection of amino acid enantiomers.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Nos.2023AFB376 and 2024AFD287)National Key Research and Development Program (No.2023YFC3503804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22077044)。
文摘Sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)) and its derivatives have been recognized as harmful environmental pollutants.However,they are often produced during the processing of traditional Chinese medicines,potentially compromising the quality of these medicinal materials and contributing to various health issues.Due to a lack of effective monitoring and imaging tools,the physiological effects of excessive SO_(2) residues in traditional Chinese medicine remain unclear.Therefore,developing a rapid and effective tool for detecting SO_(2) is crucial for understanding its metabolic pathways and effects in vivo.In this study,we developed a near infrared(NIR) and ratiometric fluorescent probe,NIR-RS,which exhibits high sensitivity,selectivity,and rapid response for SO_(2) detection.Notably,NIR-RS accurately quantifies SO_(2) contents in Pinelliae rhizoma(P.rhizoma) samples,with recovery rates from 98.46 % to 102.40 %,and relative standard deviations(RSDs)< 5.0 %.For bioimaging applications,NIR-RS has low cytotoxicity and good mitochondrial-targeting ability,making it suitable for imaging exogenous and endogenous SO_(2) in mitochondria.Additionally,NIR-RS was successfully applied to image SO_(2) content of P.rhizoma samples within cells,revealing that high SO_(2) residue elevated mitochondria adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content,these findings reveal that P.rhizoma with excessive SO_(2) can affect the organism's growth mechanisms through alterations in ATP pathways.In vivo,SO_(2) was found to predominantly accumulate in the liver following gavage with P.rhizoma solution,with accumulation levels increasing in proportion to SO_(2) residue concentration.High SO_(2) concentrations in P.rhizoma can cause pulmonary fibrosis and gastric mucosal damage.This work provides a valuable tool for regulating SO_(2) content in P.rhizoma and may help researcher better understand the metabolism of SO_(2) derivatives and explore their physiological roles in biological systems.
基金supported by the following grants:National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92354305 and 32271428),National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3401100)Young Talent Program of Hubei Provincial Health Commission(WJ2025Q037)+1 种基金Interdisciplinary Research Program of HUST(Grant No.2023JCY5045)Director Fund of WNLO.
文摘Fluorescent probes,with their superior optical properties and labeling versatility,have greatly advanced the visualization of intracellular molecules and subcellular structures.However,poor cytoplasmic delivery,caused by charge,size,or targeting groups,limits the effective use of many fluorescent probes in live cells.Recently,cell-penetrating peptides(CPPs)have emerged as efficient carriers,offering great potential for the cytoplasmic delivery of fluorescent probes in live cells.This review provides a comprehensive overview of CPPs as vehicles for probe delivery,outlining advances in their development,conjugation chemistries,and intracellular delivery mechanisms.Recent applications in live-cell imaging are highlighted and organized according to major CPP modification strategies,including sequence engineering,cyclization,hybrid design and enhancement by chemical reagents.Finally,the challenges that remain and the future outlook of this rapidly evolvingfield are discussed.
文摘To address the lack of systematic studies on heavy metal fluorescent probes in typical buffer solutions,this study developed a Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)fluorescent probe,DHU‑NP‑4,based on a naphthalimide fluorophore.Comparative analysis of the probe's performance in various buffer systems revealed that buffers with high organic content are unsuitable for evaluating such probes.Furthermore,the pH of the solvent system was found to significantly influence the probe's behavior.Under highly acidic conditions(pH≤2),DHU‑NP‑4 exhibited exceptional specificity for Fe^(3+),while in alkaline conditions,it demonstrated high specificity for Cu^(2+).Leveraging these properties,the probe enabled the quantitative detection of Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)in solution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,M-0696,and 82273486)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ80052,2024JJ6596)the Innovation Fund for Postgraduate Students of Central South University(No.2023ZZTS0841)。
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients.Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells,leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC.Herein,we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes(HTB,HTI,and HTP)for CRC detection.Among them,HTB showed high sensitivity,minimal background interference,low cytotoxicity,and significant viscous response capability,making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells.Importantly,we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft(CDX)model,enriching its medical imaging capacity,which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22325703,22377071,U23A6009)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-002)+1 种基金the Shanxi Province Science Foundation(No.202203021221009)Shanxi Province Science and Technology activities for overseas people selected funding project(No.2024001)。
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multi-system damage and autoimmune features.The main clinical manifestations of RA include joint pain,swelling,and stiffness,and RA may lead to joint deformity and dysfunction in severe cases.The pathologic development of RA involves complex interactions of multiple biomarkers,and detecting a single biomarker may produce falsepositive results due to other confounding factors.Therefore,fluorescent probes that can detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously are crucial for precise RA diagnosis.Peroxynitrite(ONOO^(-)) and viscosity are inflammation-related factors in cells.In this study,we developed a dual responsive near-infrared fluorescent probe,YLS,for ONOO^(-) and viscosity.The probe features dual-channel turn-on fluorescence responses at 625 and 760 nm upon the presence of ONOO^(-) and viscosity,respectively.Supported by YLS,we found that during RA pathology,lymphocyte infiltration not only increases the concentration of proteins in the joint fluid resulting in elevated viscosity;at the same time,the overproduction of ONOO^(-) exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.This multiparameter assay is expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the early stages of RA,thus providing a scientific basis for early intervention and personalized treatment.
文摘In this study,a self-calibrating near-infrared fluorescence probe was designed and synthesized based on the dual-fluorophore strategy utilizing methylene blue and coumarin.The probe utilized methylene blue(emission spectrum range:640-740 nm)and coumarin fluorophore(emission spectrum range:440-600 nm)as signal output units,thereby achieving effective spectral separation and highly selective detection of HClO.Under physiological pH conditions,HClO triggers an oxidation-cleavage reaction,releasing methylene blue and coumarin,which emit distinct red and green fluorescence,respectively.This dual-emission feature enabled rapid HClO detection with two-channel detection limits of 25.13 nmol·L^(-1)(green channel)and 31.55 nmol·L^(-1)(red channel).Furthermore,in cell imaging experiments,this probe demonstrated excellent cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity,successfully enabling the monitoring of both endogenous and exogenous HClO in living cells.By incorporating a twochannel self-calibration system,the probe effectively mitigated signal variations caused by instrumental or environmental interference,substantially improving detection sensitivity and reliability.
文摘The abnormal metabolic activity of the tumor can increase the oxygen consumption in tumor cells,and the poor blood perfusion often happens in tumor regions as well,which are the main reasons that result in a hypoxic situation in the tumor.A fluorescence probe,AQD,with selective response toward hypoxia was designed for the detection of hypoxic tumor cells,which was obtained by the covalent connection of a large planar conjugated fluorophore with good fluorescence stability and a N,N-dimethylaniline moiety via the azo bond.The introduction of the azo bond in AQD caused significant fluorescence emission quenching,and the probe was reduced under hypoxic conditions to release the fluorophore via breaking the azo bond,resulting in the gradual recovery of fluorescence emission.Probe AQD exhibited a remarkable fluorescence response in hypoxic conditions,high selectivity,and good biocompatibility,which was successfully used for the imaging of hypoxic tumor cells and realized the detection of hypoxic A549 cells.
文摘A new coumarin derivative C2 was constructed to act as a highly effective turn-on fluorescent probe for Cu^(2+)ions.The introduction of Cu^(2+)could lead to the hydrolytic cleavage of the phenylhydrazone moiety in C2 and the transformation into strongly fluorescent aldehyde C1.Probe C2 could recognize Cu^(2+)through a marked fluorescence enhancement with the detection limit as low as 150 nmol/L.By virtue of this unique catalytic hydrolysis reaction,compound C2 displayed highly selective response toward Cu^(2+)over other common ions even in the presence of excessive competitive ions.Furthermore,there was a good linear relationship between the intensity change and the concentration of Cu^(2+)ions,which was beneficial for the exactly quantitative detection.Especially,the efficient detection of Cu^(2+)with C2 for the practical application was successfully performed in gas-generating agents detection.
文摘Herein,a luminescent europium-based metal-organic framework(Eu-MOF,[Eu_(3)(L)(HL)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(2)]·4DMF·5H_(2)O,H_(4)L=5,5′-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)was developed for the dual-functional detection of environmental pollutants.This fluorescence-quenching-based sensor exhibited excep-tional sensitivity for both 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TNP)and tetracycline(TC),achieving remarkably low detection lim-its of 1.96×10^(-6)and 1.71×10^(-7)mol·L^(-1),respectively.Notably,the system exhibited 99%fluorescence quenching ef-ficiency for TC,indicating ultra-efficient analyte recognition.The detection performance surpasses most reported lu-minescent MOF sensors,attributed to synergistic mechanisms of fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)and photoinduced electron transfer(PET).CCDC:2446483.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22264013)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(No.2021)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(No.ZDYF2024SHFZ104).
文摘Hypochlorous acid(HClO)is a critical biomolecule in living organisms,playing an essential role in numerous physiological or pathological processes.Abnormal levels of HClO in the body may lead to a series of diseases,for instance,inflammation and cancer.Thus,accurate measurement of HClO levels should be more beneficial for understanding its role in diseases and gaining a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of diseases.In this work,we designed a near-infrared two-photon fluorescent probe(HDM-Cl-HClO)for detecting fluctuations in HClO levels in inflammatory and tumor-bearing mice.Notably,the probe can respond to HClO within 5 s and trigger a brilliant red fluorescence at 660 nm.It exhibits high specificity and sensitivity for HClO.The superior spectral capability of the probe has enabled the detection of HClO levels in cells and zebrafish,as well as achieved the detection of HClO in inflammatory and tumor mice.This work not only provides a novel strategy and tool for HClO imaging in living systems,but also holds great potential for the diagnosis of inflammation and cancer.
基金supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ30484,2022JJ10042,2023JJ50157)The Start-up funds of University of South China(Nos.201RGC012,20XQD030)+3 种基金The Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province(No.22B0418)Education Ministry’s Collaborative Education Program with Industry of China(Nos.220902102225257,230902999244208)Ministry of Education of China:“Chunhui Plan”(No.HZKY20220359)The Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics(Nos.2021013,2021015).
文摘Early recognition is key to improving the prognosis of ischemic stroke(IS),while available imaging methods tend to target events that have already undergone ischemia.A new method to detect early IS is urgently needed,as well as further study of its mechanisms.Viscosity and cysteine(Cys)levels of mitochondria have been associated with ferroptosis and IS.It is possible to identify IS and ferroptosis accurately and early by monitoring changes in mitochondrial Cys and viscosity simultaneously.In this work,a viscosity/Cys dual-responsive mitochondrial-targeted near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent probe(NVCP)was constructed for the precise tracking of IS using a two-dimensional design strategy.NVCP consists of a chromophore dyad containing diethylaminostyrene quinolinium rotor and chloro-sulfonylbenzoxadiazole(SBD-Cl)derivative with two easily distinguished emission bands(λ_(em)=592 and 670 nm).NVCP performs the way of killing two birds with one stone,that is,the probe exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity for detecting viscosity and Cys in living cells with excellent biocompatibility and accurate mitochondrial targeting capability by dual channel imaging mode.In addition,NVCP recognized that the viscosity increases and Cys level decreases in cells when undergoing ferroptosis and oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)stress by confocal imaging,flow cytometry,and Western blot experiments.Treatment of ferroptosis inhibitors(ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)and deferoxamine(DFO))could reverse the variation tendency of viscosity and Cys.This is the first time that the relationship between ferroptosis and IS was identified through an analysis of Cys and viscosity.More importantly,the ischemic area was also instantly distinguished from normal tissues through fluorescence imaging of NVCP in vivo.The developed NIR dual-responsive probe NVCP toward viscosity and Cys could serve as a sensitive and reliable tool for tracking ferroptosis-related pathological processes during IS.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51703135)the technical support from Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Materials and Photonic Devices。
文摘Fluorescence-based imaging applications have been benefiting greatly from donor-acceptor(D-A)/donor-π-acceptor(D-π-A)fluorescent probes owing to their intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)nature and self-assembly behavior.In this study,we design and synthesize a hydrophilic D-A fluorescent probe,namely CHBA,which would self-assemble into interlaced textures down to nanoscale but disassemble by trace amount of water in fingertip area.Upon finger-pressing,it enables fingerprint imaging and covers level-1/2/3 fingerprint information,wherein the sweat pores can be mapped in both bright field model and fluorescence mode,capable of naked-eye-based similarity analysis for personal identity verification(PIV).Spectroscopic analysis and morphology study show that the working mechanism can be attributed to the selective water-erosion effect on the solid-liquid interphase under physical contact.The sweat pore information can be digitized by polar coordinate conversion,further allowing machine-learning-based analysis for PIV application.The final PIV accuracy reaches 100%for all the involved machine-learning models,with no erroneous judgements.A prototype of PIV system is constructed by integrating CHBA with artificial intelligence hardware,wherein the sweat pore imaging,data processing and the decisionmaking could be run in parallel,suggesting high feasibility in real-world application.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2023J011787Quanzhou Science and Technology Program Project,No.2025QZC02DW.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic esophagitis can progress to esophageal cancer via"inflammationdysplasia-cancer"transformation,with nitric oxide(NO)serving as a critical mediator in this process.Traditional diagnostic methods(e.g.,endoscopic biopsy)for esophageal cancer transformation have low sensitivity and require long detection time,while existing fluorescent probes lack specificity and stability for real-time NO monitoring.High-performance fluorescent probes like DAF-FM,with NO-targeting ability,show potential for visual screening and efficacy evaluation but need systematic validation in esophageal cancer models.AIM To validate the applicability of the fluorescent probe DAF-FM for visual screening of esophageal cancer transformation,explore the underlying mechanism of NOregulated transformation,and evaluate the probe’s efficacy in monitoring therapeutic responses.METHODS Laser confocal imaging and flow cytometry were used to analyze DAF-FM’s NO concentration/time-dependent fluorescence response,lysosomal targeting(via Pearson coefficient),and cytotoxicity(with cholecystokinin-8 assay)in esophageal cells.Sprague-Dawley rat esophageal cancer models(normal,esophagitis,esophageal cancer,and drug/radiotherapy intervention)were established to monitor NO dynamics and tumor volume correlation.Clinical diagnostic comparison(50 suspected patients)with endoscopic biopsy/histopathology was conducted using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Student’s t-test(P<0.05).Western blot and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction were used to explore NO’s role in the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway.RESULTS DAF-FM exhibited concentration/time-dependent fluorescence with NO(300μM NO:60-minute fluorescence intensity 458±15 arbitrary units,P<0.05)and specific lysosomal targeting(Pearson’s coefficient=0.82±0.03).It had low cytotoxicity(82.3%±4.1%cell viability at 50μM).In rat models,DAF-FM showed that NO was correlated with tumor volume(R²=0.87).Clinically,its sensitivity(92.5%)outperformed endoscopic biopsy(78.3%),with shorter detection time(30 minutes vs 48 hours,P<0.05).Mechanistically,NO regulated transformation via the NF-κB pathway(Pearson’s coefficient=0.78±0.05 between DAF-FM and NF-κB).CONCLUSION DAF-FM is a feasible tool for visual screening of esophageal cancer transformation,enabling real-time NO monitoring,high-sensitivity diagnosis,and therapeutic efficacy evaluation.It provides a new approach for esophageal cancer diagnosis and mechanism research.
文摘Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging from organic dyes to genetically encoded proteins and nanomaterials, provide unparalleled specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities. However, challenges such as brightness, photobleaching, biocompatibility, and emission range continue to drive innovation in probe design and application. This special issue, comprising four review papers and seven original research studies, highlights cutting-edge advancements in fluorescent probe technologies and their transformative roles in super-resolution imaging, in vivo diagnostics, and cancer therapeutics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22479102,22001078)the Guangdong Talent Program(No.2023TQ07L822)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515011716)the startup funding of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(No.Y1D1031H311)。
文摘Thiol-ene click polymerization has become an effective synthetic tool for constructing diverse sulfurcontaining polymers with advanced functions.However,the polymerization of internal alkene and thiol has been rarely used to prepare functional polymers because of large steric hindrance and relatively weak reactivity.In this work,a base-catalyzed click polymerization of thiols and internal olefins was successfully established in air.Notably,the polymerization went smoothly in halogen-containing solvent even without any catalyst via a radical step-growth polymerization.The polymerization enjoys excellent monomer applicability,which affords 16 well-defined polythioethers in high yields(up to 99%)with high molecular weights(Mwup to 19,600),good thermal stability(Td,5%up to 326℃),broadly regulated glass transition temperatures(-24~95℃),and unconventional fluorescence.Via a simple solvent regulation strategy,the vanillin-derived polythioether could be used as a turn-off fluorescence probe for Fe3+ions in DMF/H2O and a turn-on probe for Ag+ions in THF,with low detection limits of 9.15×10^(-7)mol/L and 4.60×10^(-7)mol/L,respectively.Additionally,the detection of Ag+presented a transformation from a clear solution to an emulsion,expanding the application prospects through observing colorimetric and fluorescent dual signals.Thus,this work not only holds significance in establishing an efficient polymerization,but also provides a strategy to prepare sensitive fluorescent probes for multiple metal ions.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:21804102)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry(No:BEEA0001)+1 种基金the Opening Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients(No:HLPAI2023011)the Graduate Innovative Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology(No:CX2022429).
文摘Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a vital signaling molecule that related to a variety of pathologies in both animals and plants. However, high levels of MGO are associated with several diseases. Therefore, developing a sensitive method for monitoring MGO levels in vivo and investigating its molecular mechanism is of great importance. Although most of the reported MGO fluorescence probes are designed for cells and animals, none have been used for study MGO levels in plants. Consequently, we herein report a fluorescent probe named CPDN, which is rational constructed utilizing coumarin derivatives and O-phenylenediamine as the fluorophore and the recognition group, respectively. In our study, CPDN have shown ability to selectively and sensitively detect MGO in solution and has been successfully exploited for imaging endogenous and exogenous MGO levels in living cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, further investigation of CPDN has found that high MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana could inhibit the root growth. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana increased when subjected to drought stress, which may be the main cause inhibiting root development and resulting in shorter root length. Therefore, the probe CPDN can be a powerful tool for studying the MGO levels under abiotic stress conditions and exploring its role in plant growth mechanisms. We believe that the application of CPDN in monitoring MGO levels in plants holds great values for deepening the understanding of plant growth mechanisms.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21705120)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Nos.ZR2023MB001,ZR2017LB016,ZR2022QB165)+1 种基金Special Fund for Taishan Scholar Project(Nos.tsqn202211231,tsqn202211233)Foundation of Yuandu Scholar and Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Weifang(No.2024JZ0012)。
文摘Liver diseases,particularly acute alcoholic liver injury(AALI),drug-induced liver injury(DILI),and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),have become global public health issues.Glutathione(GSH),as an important antioxidant,plays a crucial role in the liver,and its changes are closely associated with liver injury and the development of liver cancer.Therefore,accurately monitoring GSH variations is critical for understanding liver injury mechanisms,early diagnosis,and treatment evaluation.However,traditional detection methods suffer from insufficient sensitivity and selectivity.To address these challenges,we developed an innovative DR-Au^(3+)/DR-Pd^(2+)complex probe that can rapidly and sensitively detect GSH through near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence changes.This probe,with the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths of the probe both located in the NIR region,exhibits excellent selectivity and liver-targeting ability,overcoming the imprecision localization problems of traditional methods.In the AALI and DILI models,the optimized DR-Au^(3+)probe enables real-time monitoring of GSH level fluctuations,providing a powerful tool for early diagnosis of liver injury and dynamic evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.In the DILI and HCC models,the DR-Au^(3+)probe enables visualization and quantitative monitoring of the ferroptosis process,offering new perspectives and approaches for targeted therapy research.The DR-Au^(3+)probe we developed pioneers innovative strategies for establishing accurate diagnostic protocols and individualized therapeutic regimens in hepatic injury and hepatocellular carcinoma management.
