To address the lack of systematic studies on heavy metal fluorescent probes in typical buffer solutions,this study developed a Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)fluorescent probe,DHU‑NP‑4,based on a naphthalimide fluorophore.Comparat...To address the lack of systematic studies on heavy metal fluorescent probes in typical buffer solutions,this study developed a Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)fluorescent probe,DHU‑NP‑4,based on a naphthalimide fluorophore.Comparative analysis of the probe's performance in various buffer systems revealed that buffers with high organic content are unsuitable for evaluating such probes.Furthermore,the pH of the solvent system was found to significantly influence the probe's behavior.Under highly acidic conditions(pH≤2),DHU‑NP‑4 exhibited exceptional specificity for Fe^(3+),while in alkaline conditions,it demonstrated high specificity for Cu^(2+).Leveraging these properties,the probe enabled the quantitative detection of Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)in solution.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a seri...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients.Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells,leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC.Herein,we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes(HTB,HTI,and HTP)for CRC detection.Among them,HTB showed high sensitivity,minimal background interference,low cytotoxicity,and significant viscous response capability,making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells.Importantly,we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft(CDX)model,enriching its medical imaging capacity,which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multi-system damage and autoimmune features.The main clinical manifestations of RA include joint pain,swelling,and stiffness,and RA may lead to joint def...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multi-system damage and autoimmune features.The main clinical manifestations of RA include joint pain,swelling,and stiffness,and RA may lead to joint deformity and dysfunction in severe cases.The pathologic development of RA involves complex interactions of multiple biomarkers,and detecting a single biomarker may produce falsepositive results due to other confounding factors.Therefore,fluorescent probes that can detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously are crucial for precise RA diagnosis.Peroxynitrite(ONOO^(-)) and viscosity are inflammation-related factors in cells.In this study,we developed a dual responsive near-infrared fluorescent probe,YLS,for ONOO^(-) and viscosity.The probe features dual-channel turn-on fluorescence responses at 625 and 760 nm upon the presence of ONOO^(-) and viscosity,respectively.Supported by YLS,we found that during RA pathology,lymphocyte infiltration not only increases the concentration of proteins in the joint fluid resulting in elevated viscosity;at the same time,the overproduction of ONOO^(-) exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.This multiparameter assay is expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the early stages of RA,thus providing a scientific basis for early intervention and personalized treatment.展开更多
In this study,a self-calibrating near-infrared fluorescence probe was designed and synthesized based on the dual-fluorophore strategy utilizing methylene blue and coumarin.The probe utilized methylene blue(emission sp...In this study,a self-calibrating near-infrared fluorescence probe was designed and synthesized based on the dual-fluorophore strategy utilizing methylene blue and coumarin.The probe utilized methylene blue(emission spectrum range:640-740 nm)and coumarin fluorophore(emission spectrum range:440-600 nm)as signal output units,thereby achieving effective spectral separation and highly selective detection of HClO.Under physiological pH conditions,HClO triggers an oxidation-cleavage reaction,releasing methylene blue and coumarin,which emit distinct red and green fluorescence,respectively.This dual-emission feature enabled rapid HClO detection with two-channel detection limits of 25.13 nmol·L^(-1)(green channel)and 31.55 nmol·L^(-1)(red channel).Furthermore,in cell imaging experiments,this probe demonstrated excellent cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity,successfully enabling the monitoring of both endogenous and exogenous HClO in living cells.By incorporating a twochannel self-calibration system,the probe effectively mitigated signal variations caused by instrumental or environmental interference,substantially improving detection sensitivity and reliability.展开更多
The abnormal metabolic activity of the tumor can increase the oxygen consumption in tumor cells,and the poor blood perfusion often happens in tumor regions as well,which are the main reasons that result in a hypoxic s...The abnormal metabolic activity of the tumor can increase the oxygen consumption in tumor cells,and the poor blood perfusion often happens in tumor regions as well,which are the main reasons that result in a hypoxic situation in the tumor.A fluorescence probe,AQD,with selective response toward hypoxia was designed for the detection of hypoxic tumor cells,which was obtained by the covalent connection of a large planar conjugated fluorophore with good fluorescence stability and a N,N-dimethylaniline moiety via the azo bond.The introduction of the azo bond in AQD caused significant fluorescence emission quenching,and the probe was reduced under hypoxic conditions to release the fluorophore via breaking the azo bond,resulting in the gradual recovery of fluorescence emission.Probe AQD exhibited a remarkable fluorescence response in hypoxic conditions,high selectivity,and good biocompatibility,which was successfully used for the imaging of hypoxic tumor cells and realized the detection of hypoxic A549 cells.展开更多
Herein,a luminescent europium-based metal-organic framework(Eu-MOF,[Eu_(3)(L)(HL)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(2)]·4DMF·5H_(2)O,H_(4)L=5,5′-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)was developed...Herein,a luminescent europium-based metal-organic framework(Eu-MOF,[Eu_(3)(L)(HL)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(2)]·4DMF·5H_(2)O,H_(4)L=5,5′-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)was developed for the dual-functional detection of environmental pollutants.This fluorescence-quenching-based sensor exhibited excep-tional sensitivity for both 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TNP)and tetracycline(TC),achieving remarkably low detection lim-its of 1.96×10^(-6)and 1.71×10^(-7)mol·L^(-1),respectively.Notably,the system exhibited 99%fluorescence quenching ef-ficiency for TC,indicating ultra-efficient analyte recognition.The detection performance surpasses most reported lu-minescent MOF sensors,attributed to synergistic mechanisms of fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)and photoinduced electron transfer(PET).CCDC:2446483.展开更多
Hypochlorous acid(HClO)is a critical biomolecule in living organisms,playing an essential role in numerous physiological or pathological processes.Abnormal levels of HClO in the body may lead to a series of diseases,f...Hypochlorous acid(HClO)is a critical biomolecule in living organisms,playing an essential role in numerous physiological or pathological processes.Abnormal levels of HClO in the body may lead to a series of diseases,for instance,inflammation and cancer.Thus,accurate measurement of HClO levels should be more beneficial for understanding its role in diseases and gaining a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of diseases.In this work,we designed a near-infrared two-photon fluorescent probe(HDM-Cl-HClO)for detecting fluctuations in HClO levels in inflammatory and tumor-bearing mice.Notably,the probe can respond to HClO within 5 s and trigger a brilliant red fluorescence at 660 nm.It exhibits high specificity and sensitivity for HClO.The superior spectral capability of the probe has enabled the detection of HClO levels in cells and zebrafish,as well as achieved the detection of HClO in inflammatory and tumor mice.This work not only provides a novel strategy and tool for HClO imaging in living systems,but also holds great potential for the diagnosis of inflammation and cancer.展开更多
Early recognition is key to improving the prognosis of ischemic stroke(IS),while available imaging methods tend to target events that have already undergone ischemia.A new method to detect early IS is urgently needed,...Early recognition is key to improving the prognosis of ischemic stroke(IS),while available imaging methods tend to target events that have already undergone ischemia.A new method to detect early IS is urgently needed,as well as further study of its mechanisms.Viscosity and cysteine(Cys)levels of mitochondria have been associated with ferroptosis and IS.It is possible to identify IS and ferroptosis accurately and early by monitoring changes in mitochondrial Cys and viscosity simultaneously.In this work,a viscosity/Cys dual-responsive mitochondrial-targeted near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent probe(NVCP)was constructed for the precise tracking of IS using a two-dimensional design strategy.NVCP consists of a chromophore dyad containing diethylaminostyrene quinolinium rotor and chloro-sulfonylbenzoxadiazole(SBD-Cl)derivative with two easily distinguished emission bands(λ_(em)=592 and 670 nm).NVCP performs the way of killing two birds with one stone,that is,the probe exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity for detecting viscosity and Cys in living cells with excellent biocompatibility and accurate mitochondrial targeting capability by dual channel imaging mode.In addition,NVCP recognized that the viscosity increases and Cys level decreases in cells when undergoing ferroptosis and oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)stress by confocal imaging,flow cytometry,and Western blot experiments.Treatment of ferroptosis inhibitors(ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)and deferoxamine(DFO))could reverse the variation tendency of viscosity and Cys.This is the first time that the relationship between ferroptosis and IS was identified through an analysis of Cys and viscosity.More importantly,the ischemic area was also instantly distinguished from normal tissues through fluorescence imaging of NVCP in vivo.The developed NIR dual-responsive probe NVCP toward viscosity and Cys could serve as a sensitive and reliable tool for tracking ferroptosis-related pathological processes during IS.展开更多
Fluorescence-based imaging applications have been benefiting greatly from donor-acceptor(D-A)/donor-π-acceptor(D-π-A)fluorescent probes owing to their intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)nature and self-assembly beha...Fluorescence-based imaging applications have been benefiting greatly from donor-acceptor(D-A)/donor-π-acceptor(D-π-A)fluorescent probes owing to their intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)nature and self-assembly behavior.In this study,we design and synthesize a hydrophilic D-A fluorescent probe,namely CHBA,which would self-assemble into interlaced textures down to nanoscale but disassemble by trace amount of water in fingertip area.Upon finger-pressing,it enables fingerprint imaging and covers level-1/2/3 fingerprint information,wherein the sweat pores can be mapped in both bright field model and fluorescence mode,capable of naked-eye-based similarity analysis for personal identity verification(PIV).Spectroscopic analysis and morphology study show that the working mechanism can be attributed to the selective water-erosion effect on the solid-liquid interphase under physical contact.The sweat pore information can be digitized by polar coordinate conversion,further allowing machine-learning-based analysis for PIV application.The final PIV accuracy reaches 100%for all the involved machine-learning models,with no erroneous judgements.A prototype of PIV system is constructed by integrating CHBA with artificial intelligence hardware,wherein the sweat pore imaging,data processing and the decisionmaking could be run in parallel,suggesting high feasibility in real-world application.展开更多
Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging f...Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging from organic dyes to genetically encoded proteins and nanomaterials, provide unparalleled specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities. However, challenges such as brightness, photobleaching, biocompatibility, and emission range continue to drive innovation in probe design and application. This special issue, comprising four review papers and seven original research studies, highlights cutting-edge advancements in fluorescent probe technologies and their transformative roles in super-resolution imaging, in vivo diagnostics, and cancer therapeutics.展开更多
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a vital signaling molecule that related to a variety of pathologies in both animals and plants. However, high levels of MGO are associated with several diseases. Therefore, developing a sensitiv...Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a vital signaling molecule that related to a variety of pathologies in both animals and plants. However, high levels of MGO are associated with several diseases. Therefore, developing a sensitive method for monitoring MGO levels in vivo and investigating its molecular mechanism is of great importance. Although most of the reported MGO fluorescence probes are designed for cells and animals, none have been used for study MGO levels in plants. Consequently, we herein report a fluorescent probe named CPDN, which is rational constructed utilizing coumarin derivatives and O-phenylenediamine as the fluorophore and the recognition group, respectively. In our study, CPDN have shown ability to selectively and sensitively detect MGO in solution and has been successfully exploited for imaging endogenous and exogenous MGO levels in living cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, further investigation of CPDN has found that high MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana could inhibit the root growth. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana increased when subjected to drought stress, which may be the main cause inhibiting root development and resulting in shorter root length. Therefore, the probe CPDN can be a powerful tool for studying the MGO levels under abiotic stress conditions and exploring its role in plant growth mechanisms. We believe that the application of CPDN in monitoring MGO levels in plants holds great values for deepening the understanding of plant growth mechanisms.展开更多
The imbalance of nitric oxide(NO)homeostasis in the brain is closely related to the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease(PD).Therefore,revealing the fluctuation of NO in brain is crucial for understanding the pathophysi...The imbalance of nitric oxide(NO)homeostasis in the brain is closely related to the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease(PD).Therefore,revealing the fluctuation of NO in brain is crucial for understanding the pathophysiological processes.However,currently developed NO probes are unsuitable for this purpose due to their poor blood-brain barrier permeability.Herein,a fluorescent probe(PO-NH)with blood-brain barrier crossing capability and high selectivity for NO was developed.Under the NO mediation,the photoinduced electron transfer(PET)process of the probe was blocked,giving an intensive fluorescence enhancement(F/F_(0)=15).Moreover,PO-NH can be used to effectively monitor changes in intracellular NO levels.Significantly,due to excellent blood-brain barrier crossing ability and near-infrared(NIR)emission,PO-NH is suitable for in vivo imaging of NO in the brain and illustrating with the deterioration of PD,the level of NO gradually increased in the brain of PD mice.We believe that PO-NH may provide a beneficial tool for understanding the biological function of NO in the brain and revealing the complex connection between NO and PD.展开更多
The aggressive nature and high mortality rate of lung cancer underscore the imperative need for early diagnosis of the disease.Thus,aminopeptidase N(APN),a potential biomarker for lung cancer,should be thoroughly inve...The aggressive nature and high mortality rate of lung cancer underscore the imperative need for early diagnosis of the disease.Thus,aminopeptidase N(APN),a potential biomarker for lung cancer,should be thoroughly investigated in this context.This report describes the development of HA-apn,a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe,specifically engineered for the sensitive detection of endogenous APN.Characterized by its high selectivity,straightforward molecular architecture,and suitable optical properties,including a long-wavelength emission at 835 nm and a large Stokes shift of 285 nm,HA-apn had high efficacy in identifying overexpressed APN in tumor cells,which shows its potential in pinpointing malignancies.To further validate its applicability and effectiveness in facilitating the direct and enhanced visualization of pulmonary alterations,an in situ lung cancer mouse model was employed.Notably,HAapn was applied for in vivo imaging of APN activity in the lung cancer mouse model receiving the probe through aerosol inhalation,and rapid and precise diagnostic results were achieved within 30min postadministration.Overall,HA-apn can be applied as an effective,non-intrusive tool for the rapid and accurate detection of pulmonary conditions.展开更多
The cell membrane,a fluid interface composed of self-assembled phospholipid molecules,is a vital component of biological systems that maintains cellular stability and prevents the invasion of foreign toxins.Due to its...The cell membrane,a fluid interface composed of self-assembled phospholipid molecules,is a vital component of biological systems that maintains cellular stability and prevents the invasion of foreign toxins.Due to its inherent fluidity,the cell membrane can undergo bending,shearing,and stretching,making membrane deformation crucial in processes like cell adhesion,migration,phagocytosis,and signal transduction.Within the plasma membrane are highly ordered dynamic structures formed by lipid molecules,known as“lipid rafts,”whose dynamic dissociation and reorganization are prerequisites for membrane deformation.Fluorescent probes have emerged as vital tools for studying these dynamic processes,offering a non-destructive,in situ,and real-time imaging method.By strategically designing these probes,researchers can image not only the microdomains of cell membranes but also explore more complex processes such as membrane fusion and fission.This review systematically summarizes the latest advancements in the application of fluorescent probes for cell membrane imaging.It also discusses the current challenges and provides insights into future research directions.We hope this review inspires further studies on the dynamic processes of complex cell membranes using fluorescent probes,ultimately advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying membrane dissociation,reorganization,fusion,and separation,and fostering research and therapeutic development for membrane-associated diseases.展开更多
Liver cancer, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a malignant neoplasm of the digestive system, characterized by exceptionally high morbidity and mortality rates on a global scale. Early detection and diag...Liver cancer, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a malignant neoplasm of the digestive system, characterized by exceptionally high morbidity and mortality rates on a global scale. Early detection and diagnosis are critical measures for enhancing the prognosis of patients diagnosed with HCC. An improved prognosis is significantly reliant on the timely diagnosis of the disease and effective therapeutic monitoring. Activatable fluorescent probes are essential for detecting and imaging biomarkers related to disease diagnosis and in vivo imaging. This paper reviews the fluorescent probes developed over the past five years for the detection and imaging of HCC. This noninvasive optical imaging modality demonstrates significant promise in targeting pathological sites and is anticipated to facilitate potential clinical translation.展开更多
Cellular senescence is a steady state of cell cycle arrest necessary to maintain homeostasis in organisms.However,senescent cells may cause senescence in neighboring healthy cells,inducing the onset of several disease...Cellular senescence is a steady state of cell cycle arrest necessary to maintain homeostasis in organisms.However,senescent cells may cause senescence in neighboring healthy cells,inducing the onset of several diseases,such as inflammation,neurological disorders,and atherosclerosis.Therefore,early detection of cellular senescence is extremely important.β-Galactosidase(β-gal),as a critical marker of cellular senescence,can be monitored to facilitate early diagnosis of aging-related diseases.Furthermore,β-gal is mainly found in lysosomes,which have a pH value of about 4.5-5.5.Here,we developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe(QMOH-Gal)for tracking cell senescence in vitro and in vivo via the detection ofβ-gal.In addition,the probe displayed high sensitivity and specificity forβ-gal with good fluorescence signal in the acidity range.Subsequently,this QMOH-Gal probe was successfully employed to differentiate between normal cells and senescent cells by monitoringβ-gal.Furthermore,the probe not only realized the monitoring ofβ-gal in zebrafish but also the tracking ofβ-gal in palbociclib-induced breast tumor senescence.Overall,the probe shows great promise as an effective tool for imagingβ-gal in vivo for studying the biology of aging in organisms.展开更多
To understand the gene-based biological processes in-depth,the single-molecule real-time sequencing has drawn increasing attention with promoted by the Human Genome Project.Herein,a set of newly designed canonical flu...To understand the gene-based biological processes in-depth,the single-molecule real-time sequencing has drawn increasing attention with promoted by the Human Genome Project.Herein,a set of newly designed canonical fluorescent bases(A_(y),tC,G_(b),T_(p))are proposed for four-color DNA sequencing.These quasi-intrinsic probes are derived from the fluorophore replacement and ring expansion on natural bases,which still keep the pyrimidine or purine underlying skeleton and Watson–Crick hydrogen bonding face to allow minimal perturbation to the native DNA duplex.More importantly,these nucleobase analogues possess red-shifted absorption and efficient photoluminescence due to the enhancedπ-conjugation in character.Meanwhile,the four analogues could generate distinct emission wavelength(Δλ~50 nm)for real-time sequencing.To assess the biological employment of the proposed biosensors,the effects of base pairing and linking deoxyribose are also considered.展开更多
Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiom...Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiometric sensing.In general,ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor(-OH and NH_(2)are common)and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O).More,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission.Therefore,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes,where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte.In this review,we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups(sites)and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species(including reactive sulfur species(RSS),reactive oxygen species(ROS),enzymes,etc.),and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability,selectivity,response rate and assay system,etc.Based on the aforementioned,we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.展开更多
This work reported an AIE fluorescent probe for tumor imaging based on the p H induced self-assembly strategy. The fluorescent probe was composed of an acid-responsive soluble copolymer PEG-b-PAMA-DMMA with a maleic a...This work reported an AIE fluorescent probe for tumor imaging based on the p H induced self-assembly strategy. The fluorescent probe was composed of an acid-responsive soluble copolymer PEG-b-PAMA-DMMA with a maleic acid amide group and an anionic soluble aggregation-induced emission fluorogen(AIEgen) TPE-2SO_(3)^(-). The polymer could be transformed into a protonated amine-containing polymer after the hydrolysis of maleic acid amide in acidic tumor microenvironment, which would be further self-assembled with TPE-2SO_(3)^(-)to form aggregated nanoparticles. The transition of TPE-2SO_(3)^(-)from dispersed state to aggregated state led to an obvious increase in fluorescence intensity due to its AIE characteristics.展开更多
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine(Hx)detection was established based on the mimic enzyme and fluorescence characteristics of cobalt-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride(Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)).In addition...A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine(Hx)detection was established based on the mimic enzyme and fluorescence characteristics of cobalt-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride(Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)).In addition to emitting strong fluorescence,the peroxidase activity of Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)can catalyze the reaction of O-phenylenediamine and H_(2)O_(2)to produce diallyl phthalate which can emit yellow fluorescence at 570 nm.Through the decomposition of Hx by xanthine oxidase,Hx can be indirectly detected by the generating hydrogen peroxide based on the measurement of fluorescent ratio I(F_(570)/F_(370)).The linear range was 1.7-272.2 mg/kg(R^(2)=0.997),and the detection limit was 1.52 mg/kg(3σ/K,n=9).The established method was applied to Hx detection in bass,grass carp,and shrimp,and the data were verified by HPLC.The result shows that the established probe is sensitive,accurate,and reliable,and can be used for Hx detection in aquatic products.展开更多
文摘To address the lack of systematic studies on heavy metal fluorescent probes in typical buffer solutions,this study developed a Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)fluorescent probe,DHU‑NP‑4,based on a naphthalimide fluorophore.Comparative analysis of the probe's performance in various buffer systems revealed that buffers with high organic content are unsuitable for evaluating such probes.Furthermore,the pH of the solvent system was found to significantly influence the probe's behavior.Under highly acidic conditions(pH≤2),DHU‑NP‑4 exhibited exceptional specificity for Fe^(3+),while in alkaline conditions,it demonstrated high specificity for Cu^(2+).Leveraging these properties,the probe enabled the quantitative detection of Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)in solution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,M-0696,and 82273486)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ80052,2024JJ6596)the Innovation Fund for Postgraduate Students of Central South University(No.2023ZZTS0841)。
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients.Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells,leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC.Herein,we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes(HTB,HTI,and HTP)for CRC detection.Among them,HTB showed high sensitivity,minimal background interference,low cytotoxicity,and significant viscous response capability,making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells.Importantly,we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft(CDX)model,enriching its medical imaging capacity,which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22325703,22377071,U23A6009)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-002)+1 种基金the Shanxi Province Science Foundation(No.202203021221009)Shanxi Province Science and Technology activities for overseas people selected funding project(No.2024001)。
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multi-system damage and autoimmune features.The main clinical manifestations of RA include joint pain,swelling,and stiffness,and RA may lead to joint deformity and dysfunction in severe cases.The pathologic development of RA involves complex interactions of multiple biomarkers,and detecting a single biomarker may produce falsepositive results due to other confounding factors.Therefore,fluorescent probes that can detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously are crucial for precise RA diagnosis.Peroxynitrite(ONOO^(-)) and viscosity are inflammation-related factors in cells.In this study,we developed a dual responsive near-infrared fluorescent probe,YLS,for ONOO^(-) and viscosity.The probe features dual-channel turn-on fluorescence responses at 625 and 760 nm upon the presence of ONOO^(-) and viscosity,respectively.Supported by YLS,we found that during RA pathology,lymphocyte infiltration not only increases the concentration of proteins in the joint fluid resulting in elevated viscosity;at the same time,the overproduction of ONOO^(-) exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.This multiparameter assay is expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the early stages of RA,thus providing a scientific basis for early intervention and personalized treatment.
文摘In this study,a self-calibrating near-infrared fluorescence probe was designed and synthesized based on the dual-fluorophore strategy utilizing methylene blue and coumarin.The probe utilized methylene blue(emission spectrum range:640-740 nm)and coumarin fluorophore(emission spectrum range:440-600 nm)as signal output units,thereby achieving effective spectral separation and highly selective detection of HClO.Under physiological pH conditions,HClO triggers an oxidation-cleavage reaction,releasing methylene blue and coumarin,which emit distinct red and green fluorescence,respectively.This dual-emission feature enabled rapid HClO detection with two-channel detection limits of 25.13 nmol·L^(-1)(green channel)and 31.55 nmol·L^(-1)(red channel).Furthermore,in cell imaging experiments,this probe demonstrated excellent cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity,successfully enabling the monitoring of both endogenous and exogenous HClO in living cells.By incorporating a twochannel self-calibration system,the probe effectively mitigated signal variations caused by instrumental or environmental interference,substantially improving detection sensitivity and reliability.
文摘The abnormal metabolic activity of the tumor can increase the oxygen consumption in tumor cells,and the poor blood perfusion often happens in tumor regions as well,which are the main reasons that result in a hypoxic situation in the tumor.A fluorescence probe,AQD,with selective response toward hypoxia was designed for the detection of hypoxic tumor cells,which was obtained by the covalent connection of a large planar conjugated fluorophore with good fluorescence stability and a N,N-dimethylaniline moiety via the azo bond.The introduction of the azo bond in AQD caused significant fluorescence emission quenching,and the probe was reduced under hypoxic conditions to release the fluorophore via breaking the azo bond,resulting in the gradual recovery of fluorescence emission.Probe AQD exhibited a remarkable fluorescence response in hypoxic conditions,high selectivity,and good biocompatibility,which was successfully used for the imaging of hypoxic tumor cells and realized the detection of hypoxic A549 cells.
文摘Herein,a luminescent europium-based metal-organic framework(Eu-MOF,[Eu_(3)(L)(HL)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(2)]·4DMF·5H_(2)O,H_(4)L=5,5′-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)was developed for the dual-functional detection of environmental pollutants.This fluorescence-quenching-based sensor exhibited excep-tional sensitivity for both 2,4,6-trinitrophenol(TNP)and tetracycline(TC),achieving remarkably low detection lim-its of 1.96×10^(-6)and 1.71×10^(-7)mol·L^(-1),respectively.Notably,the system exhibited 99%fluorescence quenching ef-ficiency for TC,indicating ultra-efficient analyte recognition.The detection performance surpasses most reported lu-minescent MOF sensors,attributed to synergistic mechanisms of fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)and photoinduced electron transfer(PET).CCDC:2446483.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22264013)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(No.2021)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(No.ZDYF2024SHFZ104).
文摘Hypochlorous acid(HClO)is a critical biomolecule in living organisms,playing an essential role in numerous physiological or pathological processes.Abnormal levels of HClO in the body may lead to a series of diseases,for instance,inflammation and cancer.Thus,accurate measurement of HClO levels should be more beneficial for understanding its role in diseases and gaining a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of diseases.In this work,we designed a near-infrared two-photon fluorescent probe(HDM-Cl-HClO)for detecting fluctuations in HClO levels in inflammatory and tumor-bearing mice.Notably,the probe can respond to HClO within 5 s and trigger a brilliant red fluorescence at 660 nm.It exhibits high specificity and sensitivity for HClO.The superior spectral capability of the probe has enabled the detection of HClO levels in cells and zebrafish,as well as achieved the detection of HClO in inflammatory and tumor mice.This work not only provides a novel strategy and tool for HClO imaging in living systems,but also holds great potential for the diagnosis of inflammation and cancer.
基金supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ30484,2022JJ10042,2023JJ50157)The Start-up funds of University of South China(Nos.201RGC012,20XQD030)+3 种基金The Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province(No.22B0418)Education Ministry’s Collaborative Education Program with Industry of China(Nos.220902102225257,230902999244208)Ministry of Education of China:“Chunhui Plan”(No.HZKY20220359)The Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics(Nos.2021013,2021015).
文摘Early recognition is key to improving the prognosis of ischemic stroke(IS),while available imaging methods tend to target events that have already undergone ischemia.A new method to detect early IS is urgently needed,as well as further study of its mechanisms.Viscosity and cysteine(Cys)levels of mitochondria have been associated with ferroptosis and IS.It is possible to identify IS and ferroptosis accurately and early by monitoring changes in mitochondrial Cys and viscosity simultaneously.In this work,a viscosity/Cys dual-responsive mitochondrial-targeted near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent probe(NVCP)was constructed for the precise tracking of IS using a two-dimensional design strategy.NVCP consists of a chromophore dyad containing diethylaminostyrene quinolinium rotor and chloro-sulfonylbenzoxadiazole(SBD-Cl)derivative with two easily distinguished emission bands(λ_(em)=592 and 670 nm).NVCP performs the way of killing two birds with one stone,that is,the probe exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity for detecting viscosity and Cys in living cells with excellent biocompatibility and accurate mitochondrial targeting capability by dual channel imaging mode.In addition,NVCP recognized that the viscosity increases and Cys level decreases in cells when undergoing ferroptosis and oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)stress by confocal imaging,flow cytometry,and Western blot experiments.Treatment of ferroptosis inhibitors(ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)and deferoxamine(DFO))could reverse the variation tendency of viscosity and Cys.This is the first time that the relationship between ferroptosis and IS was identified through an analysis of Cys and viscosity.More importantly,the ischemic area was also instantly distinguished from normal tissues through fluorescence imaging of NVCP in vivo.The developed NIR dual-responsive probe NVCP toward viscosity and Cys could serve as a sensitive and reliable tool for tracking ferroptosis-related pathological processes during IS.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51703135)the technical support from Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Materials and Photonic Devices。
文摘Fluorescence-based imaging applications have been benefiting greatly from donor-acceptor(D-A)/donor-π-acceptor(D-π-A)fluorescent probes owing to their intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)nature and self-assembly behavior.In this study,we design and synthesize a hydrophilic D-A fluorescent probe,namely CHBA,which would self-assemble into interlaced textures down to nanoscale but disassemble by trace amount of water in fingertip area.Upon finger-pressing,it enables fingerprint imaging and covers level-1/2/3 fingerprint information,wherein the sweat pores can be mapped in both bright field model and fluorescence mode,capable of naked-eye-based similarity analysis for personal identity verification(PIV).Spectroscopic analysis and morphology study show that the working mechanism can be attributed to the selective water-erosion effect on the solid-liquid interphase under physical contact.The sweat pore information can be digitized by polar coordinate conversion,further allowing machine-learning-based analysis for PIV application.The final PIV accuracy reaches 100%for all the involved machine-learning models,with no erroneous judgements.A prototype of PIV system is constructed by integrating CHBA with artificial intelligence hardware,wherein the sweat pore imaging,data processing and the decisionmaking could be run in parallel,suggesting high feasibility in real-world application.
文摘Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging from organic dyes to genetically encoded proteins and nanomaterials, provide unparalleled specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities. However, challenges such as brightness, photobleaching, biocompatibility, and emission range continue to drive innovation in probe design and application. This special issue, comprising four review papers and seven original research studies, highlights cutting-edge advancements in fluorescent probe technologies and their transformative roles in super-resolution imaging, in vivo diagnostics, and cancer therapeutics.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:21804102)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry(No:BEEA0001)+1 种基金the Opening Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients(No:HLPAI2023011)the Graduate Innovative Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology(No:CX2022429).
文摘Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a vital signaling molecule that related to a variety of pathologies in both animals and plants. However, high levels of MGO are associated with several diseases. Therefore, developing a sensitive method for monitoring MGO levels in vivo and investigating its molecular mechanism is of great importance. Although most of the reported MGO fluorescence probes are designed for cells and animals, none have been used for study MGO levels in plants. Consequently, we herein report a fluorescent probe named CPDN, which is rational constructed utilizing coumarin derivatives and O-phenylenediamine as the fluorophore and the recognition group, respectively. In our study, CPDN have shown ability to selectively and sensitively detect MGO in solution and has been successfully exploited for imaging endogenous and exogenous MGO levels in living cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, further investigation of CPDN has found that high MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana could inhibit the root growth. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana increased when subjected to drought stress, which may be the main cause inhibiting root development and resulting in shorter root length. Therefore, the probe CPDN can be a powerful tool for studying the MGO levels under abiotic stress conditions and exploring its role in plant growth mechanisms. We believe that the application of CPDN in monitoring MGO levels in plants holds great values for deepening the understanding of plant growth mechanisms.
基金the Program of Graduate Education and Teaching Reform of Shanxi(No.2022YJJG302)the Applied Basic Research Programs of Shanxi(Nos.201801D221106,202203021221228)+1 种基金the Key R&D Project of Lvliang(No.2023GXYF04)Scientific Instrument Center of Shanxi University(No.201512)。
文摘The imbalance of nitric oxide(NO)homeostasis in the brain is closely related to the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease(PD).Therefore,revealing the fluctuation of NO in brain is crucial for understanding the pathophysiological processes.However,currently developed NO probes are unsuitable for this purpose due to their poor blood-brain barrier permeability.Herein,a fluorescent probe(PO-NH)with blood-brain barrier crossing capability and high selectivity for NO was developed.Under the NO mediation,the photoinduced electron transfer(PET)process of the probe was blocked,giving an intensive fluorescence enhancement(F/F_(0)=15).Moreover,PO-NH can be used to effectively monitor changes in intracellular NO levels.Significantly,due to excellent blood-brain barrier crossing ability and near-infrared(NIR)emission,PO-NH is suitable for in vivo imaging of NO in the brain and illustrating with the deterioration of PD,the level of NO gradually increased in the brain of PD mice.We believe that PO-NH may provide a beneficial tool for understanding the biological function of NO in the brain and revealing the complex connection between NO and PD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22004046 and 22074052)the Science and Technology Developing Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Nos.20240404044ZP,20230101033JC and 20220505015ZP).
文摘The aggressive nature and high mortality rate of lung cancer underscore the imperative need for early diagnosis of the disease.Thus,aminopeptidase N(APN),a potential biomarker for lung cancer,should be thoroughly investigated in this context.This report describes the development of HA-apn,a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe,specifically engineered for the sensitive detection of endogenous APN.Characterized by its high selectivity,straightforward molecular architecture,and suitable optical properties,including a long-wavelength emission at 835 nm and a large Stokes shift of 285 nm,HA-apn had high efficacy in identifying overexpressed APN in tumor cells,which shows its potential in pinpointing malignancies.To further validate its applicability and effectiveness in facilitating the direct and enhanced visualization of pulmonary alterations,an in situ lung cancer mouse model was employed.Notably,HAapn was applied for in vivo imaging of APN activity in the lung cancer mouse model receiving the probe through aerosol inhalation,and rapid and precise diagnostic results were achieved within 30min postadministration.Overall,HA-apn can be applied as an effective,non-intrusive tool for the rapid and accurate detection of pulmonary conditions.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(22107028)State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Dalian University of Technology(KF2307)+4 种基金Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Project(2024FRD05069)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0335)ML.wishes to thank the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308220)Shenzhen Uni-versity Third-Phase Project of Constructing High-Level University(000001032104)the Research Team Culti-vation Program of Shenzhen University(2023QNT005).
文摘The cell membrane,a fluid interface composed of self-assembled phospholipid molecules,is a vital component of biological systems that maintains cellular stability and prevents the invasion of foreign toxins.Due to its inherent fluidity,the cell membrane can undergo bending,shearing,and stretching,making membrane deformation crucial in processes like cell adhesion,migration,phagocytosis,and signal transduction.Within the plasma membrane are highly ordered dynamic structures formed by lipid molecules,known as“lipid rafts,”whose dynamic dissociation and reorganization are prerequisites for membrane deformation.Fluorescent probes have emerged as vital tools for studying these dynamic processes,offering a non-destructive,in situ,and real-time imaging method.By strategically designing these probes,researchers can image not only the microdomains of cell membranes but also explore more complex processes such as membrane fusion and fission.This review systematically summarizes the latest advancements in the application of fluorescent probes for cell membrane imaging.It also discusses the current challenges and provides insights into future research directions.We hope this review inspires further studies on the dynamic processes of complex cell membranes using fluorescent probes,ultimately advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying membrane dissociation,reorganization,fusion,and separation,and fostering research and therapeutic development for membrane-associated diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 82202296, 82302277, and 32271520)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant Nos. 2022JJ30756, 2023JJ40087, and 2022RC1232)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 22B0896).
文摘Liver cancer, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a malignant neoplasm of the digestive system, characterized by exceptionally high morbidity and mortality rates on a global scale. Early detection and diagnosis are critical measures for enhancing the prognosis of patients diagnosed with HCC. An improved prognosis is significantly reliant on the timely diagnosis of the disease and effective therapeutic monitoring. Activatable fluorescent probes are essential for detecting and imaging biomarkers related to disease diagnosis and in vivo imaging. This paper reviews the fluorescent probes developed over the past five years for the detection and imaging of HCC. This noninvasive optical imaging modality demonstrates significant promise in targeting pathological sites and is anticipated to facilitate potential clinical translation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22264013)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(No.2021)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(No.ZDYF2024SHFZ104).Thanks to the support and assistance in terms of instruments and facilities provided by Public Research Center of Hainan Medical University.
文摘Cellular senescence is a steady state of cell cycle arrest necessary to maintain homeostasis in organisms.However,senescent cells may cause senescence in neighboring healthy cells,inducing the onset of several diseases,such as inflammation,neurological disorders,and atherosclerosis.Therefore,early detection of cellular senescence is extremely important.β-Galactosidase(β-gal),as a critical marker of cellular senescence,can be monitored to facilitate early diagnosis of aging-related diseases.Furthermore,β-gal is mainly found in lysosomes,which have a pH value of about 4.5-5.5.Here,we developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe(QMOH-Gal)for tracking cell senescence in vitro and in vivo via the detection ofβ-gal.In addition,the probe displayed high sensitivity and specificity forβ-gal with good fluorescence signal in the acidity range.Subsequently,this QMOH-Gal probe was successfully employed to differentiate between normal cells and senescent cells by monitoringβ-gal.Furthermore,the probe not only realized the monitoring ofβ-gal in zebrafish but also the tracking ofβ-gal in palbociclib-induced breast tumor senescence.Overall,the probe shows great promise as an effective tool for imagingβ-gal in vivo for studying the biology of aging in organisms.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804195,11847224,11674198,and 12274265)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant Nos.ZR2018BA034 and ZR2022MA006)。
文摘To understand the gene-based biological processes in-depth,the single-molecule real-time sequencing has drawn increasing attention with promoted by the Human Genome Project.Herein,a set of newly designed canonical fluorescent bases(A_(y),tC,G_(b),T_(p))are proposed for four-color DNA sequencing.These quasi-intrinsic probes are derived from the fluorophore replacement and ring expansion on natural bases,which still keep the pyrimidine or purine underlying skeleton and Watson–Crick hydrogen bonding face to allow minimal perturbation to the native DNA duplex.More importantly,these nucleobase analogues possess red-shifted absorption and efficient photoluminescence due to the enhancedπ-conjugation in character.Meanwhile,the four analogues could generate distinct emission wavelength(Δλ~50 nm)for real-time sequencing.To assess the biological employment of the proposed biosensors,the effects of base pairing and linking deoxyribose are also considered.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277104,22325703,22074084)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.202203021212184)+3 种基金Research Project supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-002)the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(Free Exploration)(No.202203021221009)2022 Lvliang City science and technology plan project(Nos.2022SHFZ51,2022GXYF15)Scientific Instrument Center of Shanxi University(No.201512)。
文摘Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiometric sensing.In general,ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor(-OH and NH_(2)are common)and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O).More,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission.Therefore,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes,where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte.In this review,we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups(sites)and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species(including reactive sulfur species(RSS),reactive oxygen species(ROS),enzymes,etc.),and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability,selectivity,response rate and assay system,etc.Based on the aforementioned,we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFC2103100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51873097 and 21674058)。
文摘This work reported an AIE fluorescent probe for tumor imaging based on the p H induced self-assembly strategy. The fluorescent probe was composed of an acid-responsive soluble copolymer PEG-b-PAMA-DMMA with a maleic acid amide group and an anionic soluble aggregation-induced emission fluorogen(AIEgen) TPE-2SO_(3)^(-). The polymer could be transformed into a protonated amine-containing polymer after the hydrolysis of maleic acid amide in acidic tumor microenvironment, which would be further self-assembled with TPE-2SO_(3)^(-)to form aggregated nanoparticles. The transition of TPE-2SO_(3)^(-)from dispersed state to aggregated state led to an obvious increase in fluorescence intensity due to its AIE characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21804050)the National Key R and D Program of China(2018YFD0901003)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen,China(3502Z20183031)the Fujian Provincial Fund Project(2018J01432)the Xiamen Science and Technology Planning Project,China(3502Z20183031)。
文摘A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine(Hx)detection was established based on the mimic enzyme and fluorescence characteristics of cobalt-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride(Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)).In addition to emitting strong fluorescence,the peroxidase activity of Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)can catalyze the reaction of O-phenylenediamine and H_(2)O_(2)to produce diallyl phthalate which can emit yellow fluorescence at 570 nm.Through the decomposition of Hx by xanthine oxidase,Hx can be indirectly detected by the generating hydrogen peroxide based on the measurement of fluorescent ratio I(F_(570)/F_(370)).The linear range was 1.7-272.2 mg/kg(R^(2)=0.997),and the detection limit was 1.52 mg/kg(3σ/K,n=9).The established method was applied to Hx detection in bass,grass carp,and shrimp,and the data were verified by HPLC.The result shows that the established probe is sensitive,accurate,and reliable,and can be used for Hx detection in aquatic products.
