The main purpose of this research is to provide a theoretical foundation for the screening of drought-resistant soybean varieties and to establish an efficient method to detect the PSII actual photochemical quantum yi...The main purpose of this research is to provide a theoretical foundation for the screening of drought-resistant soybean varieties and to establish an efficient method to detect the PSII actual photochemical quantum yields efficiently.Three soybean varieties were compared in this experiment after 15 d when they were planted in a greenhouse.These varieties were then exposed to light drought stress(LD)and serious drought stress(SD)conditions.With five times’measurement,chlorophyll fluorescence and soil-plant analysis development considered as the main basis for this study.Several parameters in SD conditions significantly reduced,such as net photosynthetic rates(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),PSII primary light energy conversion efficiency(Fv/FM),PSII actual photochemical quantum yields[Y(II)],photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(qN).The soybeans in the seedling stage adapted to the inhibitory effect of drought stress on photosynthesis through stomatal limitation.Under serious drought stress,non-stomatal limitation damaged the plant photosynthetic system.The amplitudes of Pn and Y(II)of drought-resistant Qihuang 35 were lower than those of the two other varieties.Based on the data of this study,a new method had been developed to detect Y(II)which reflected the photosynthetic capacity of plant,R=0.85989,u=0.048803 when using multiple linear regression,and R=0.84285,u=0.054739 when using partial least square regression.展开更多
It is critical to establish a direct and precise method with a high sensitivity and selectivity in analytical chemistry. In this research, making use of a well known phenomenon of capillary flow, we have proposed an...It is critical to establish a direct and precise method with a high sensitivity and selectivity in analytical chemistry. In this research, making use of a well known phenomenon of capillary flow, we have proposed an image analysis method of nucleic acids at the price of a small amount of sample. When a droplet of the supramolecular complex solution, formed by neutral red and nucleic acids(NA) under an approximate neutral condition, was placed on the hydrophobic surface of dimethyl dichlorosilane pretreated glass slides, and it was evaporated, the supramolecular complex exhibited the periphery of the droplet due to the capillary effect, and accumulated there to form a red capillary flow directed assembly ring(CFDAR). A typical CFDAR has an outer diameter of (2 r ) about 1.18 mm and a ring width(2 δ ) of about 41 μm. Depending on the experimental conditions, a variety of CFDAR can be assembled. The experimental results are in agreement with our former theoretical discussion. It was found that when a droplet volume is 0.1 μL, the fluorescence intensity of the CFDAR formed by the NR NA is in proportion to the content of calf thymus DNA in the range of 0-0.28 ng, fish sperm DNA of 0-0.24 ng and yeast RNA of 0-0.16 ng with the limit of detection(3 σ ) of 1 7, 1.4 and 0.9 pg, respectively for the three nucleic acids.展开更多
Dual-functional aggregation-induced photosensitizers(AIE-PSs)with singlet oxygen generation(SOG)ability and bright fluorescence in aggregated state have received much attention in image-guided photodynamic therapy(PDT...Dual-functional aggregation-induced photosensitizers(AIE-PSs)with singlet oxygen generation(SOG)ability and bright fluorescence in aggregated state have received much attention in image-guided photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,designing an AIE-PS with both high SOG and intense fluorescence via molecular design is still challenging.In this work,we report a new nanohybrid consisting of gold nanostar(AuNS)and AIE-PS dots with enhanced fluorescence and photosensitization for theranostic applications.The spectral overlap between the extinction of AuNS and fluorescence emission of AIE-PS dots(665 nm)is carefully selected using five different AuNSs with distinct localized surface plasmon(LSPR)peaks.Results show that all the AuNS s can enhance the 1 O2 production of AIE-PS dots,among which the AuNS with LSPR peak at 585 nm exhibited the highest 1 O2 enhancement factor of15-fold with increased fluorescence brightness.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest enhancement factor reported for the metalenhanced singlet oxygen generation systems.The Au585@AIE-PS nanodots were applied for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and photodynamic ablation of HeLa cancer cells with strongly enhanced PDT efficiency in vitro.This study provides a better understanding of the metal-enhanced AIE-PS nanohybrid systems,opening up new avenue towards advanced image-guided PDT with greatly improved efficacy.展开更多
Challenges remain in fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) in in vivo experiments, since the target fluorescence signal is often contaminated by the high level of background signal originated from autofluorescence an...Challenges remain in fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) in in vivo experiments, since the target fluorescence signal is often contaminated by the high level of background signal originated from autofluorescence and leakage of excitation light. In this paper, we propose an image subtraction algorithm based on two images acquired using two excitation filters with different spectral regions. One in vivo experiment with a mouse locally injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was conducted to calculate the subtraction coefficient used in our studies and to validate the subtraction result when the exact position of the target fluorescence signal was known. Another in vivo experiment employing a nude mouse implanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)—expressing colon tumor was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the employed method to extract target fluorescence signal when the exact position of the target fluorescence signal was unknown. The subtraction results show that this image subtraction algorithm can effectively extract the target fluorescence signal and quantitative analysis results demonstrate that the target-to-background ratio (TBR) can be significantly improved by 33.5 times after background signal subtraction.展开更多
Phototheranostic with highly integrated functions is an attractive platform for cancer management. It remains challenging to develop a facile phototheranostic platform with complementary bimodal imaging and combinatio...Phototheranostic with highly integrated functions is an attractive platform for cancer management. It remains challenging to develop a facile phototheranostic platform with complementary bimodal imaging and combinational therapy capacity. Herein, the small-molecule cyanine IR780 loaded liposomes have been harnessed as a nanoplatform to simultaneously realize photoacoustic(PA)/the second near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅱ) fluorescence imaging and image-guided surgery/adjuvant photothermal therapy(PTT).This nanoplatform exhibits attractive properties like uniform controllable size, stable dispersibility, NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence emission, photothermal conversion, and biocompatibility. Benefiting from the complementary PA/NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence bimodal imaging, this nanoplatform was successfully applied in precise vasculature delineation and tumor diagnosis. Interestingly, the tumor was clearly detected by NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging with the highest tumor-to-normal-tissue ratio up to 12.69, while signal interference from the liver was significantly reduced, due to the difference in the elimination rate of the nanoplatform in the liver and tumor. Under the precise guidance of the image, the tumor was accurately resected, and the simulated residual lesion after surgery was completely ablated by adjuvant PTT. This combined therapy showed improved antitumor efcacy over the individual surgery or PTT. This work develops a facile phototheranostic nanoplatform with great significance in accurately diagnosing and effectively treating tumors using simple NIR light irradiation.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Li et al.We specifically focus on the novel use of multicolor near-infrared fluorescence imaging(MCFI)with indocyanine green in laparoscopic cholecystectomy,which is an i...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Li et al.We specifically focus on the novel use of multicolor near-infrared fluorescence imaging(MCFI)with indocyanine green in laparoscopic cholecystectomy,which is an innovative approach for enhancing biliary visualization during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.This study also highlighted the limitations of conventional single-color fluorescence imaging(SCFI),which relies solely on a green fluorescence signal,leading to challenges such as visual fatigue and difficulty in distinguishing biliary structures from background hepatic tissue.Given the complex anatomy of the biliary system and the challenges of visual fatigue encountered with SCFI,MCFI addresses these issues by enabling the differentiation of biliary structures by mapping the fluorescence intensity across a unique blue-to-purple color spectrum,thus improving the clarity of anatomical structures and reducing the visual strain for surgeons.We also focus specifically on the complications and cautious usage of indocyanine green in this context,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of MCFI and SCFI.Overall,MCFI represents a significant advancement in fluorescence-guided surgery,with the potential to become a standard imaging modality for safer and more effective laparoscopic procedures.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)ranks among the most common and deadly malignancies globally.Surgical resection with lymph node(LN)dissection is the primary treatment.The accuracy of LN dissection is essential to reduce postoperati...Gastric cancer(GC)ranks among the most common and deadly malignancies globally.Surgical resection with lymph node(LN)dissection is the primary treatment.The accuracy of LN dissection is essential to reduce postoperative complications and mortality.Therefore,improving the quality of LN dissection in GC surgery and refining postoperative LN staging have been the focus of clinical attention.Indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence imaging serves as a vital clinical tracing technique in GC surgery.It enables accurate tumor localization,enhances the completeness of LN dissection,and evaluates anastomotic blood supply after digestive tract reconstruction.These benefits collectively improve surgical outcomes and lower recurrence rates.This article examines the principles of ICG fluorescence imaging and its necessity in GC tracing surgery.Compared to conventional tracers,ICG offers superior safety and lower toxicity,with robust evidence supporting its clinical efficacy.This technology represents a paradigm shift in GC surgery.Current studies optimize ICG delivery protocols,such as injection time and dose,and integrate it with emerging technologies like robotic systems to improve LN detection rates.This article demonstrates the safety and efficacy of ICG as a tracer,which is poised to advance the precision of GC surgery and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)presents a promising avenue in cancer treatment.Erlotinib,an FDAapproved anticancer drug targeting epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),has shown effectiveness in normalizing tumor vasculatu...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)presents a promising avenue in cancer treatment.Erlotinib,an FDAapproved anticancer drug targeting epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),has shown effectiveness in normalizing tumor vasculature across various tumors,thereby promoting tumor oxygenation and facilitating PDT.In this work,erlotinib was conjugated with a near-infrared(NIR)photosensitizer,benzo[a]phenoselenazinium,yielding three EGFR-targeted PDT agents(NBSe-n C-Er).These newly synthesized photosensitizers demonstrate specificity in binding to EGFR,thereby enhancing their accumulation in cancer cells and tumors,and consequently improving the efficiency of both PDT and chemotherapy.Additionally,the NIR fluorescence emitted by the photosensitizer allows for imaging-guided therapy,offering a non-invasive means of monitoring treatment progress.The distinctive properties of the three-inone photosensitizer render it an ideal candidate for precise tumor treatment,overcoming the limitations of conventional therapies.展开更多
Cancer is one of the main causes of death throughout the world.Radical elimination of tumor is crucial for a successful treatment.However,during cancer treatment,it is difficult to distinguish tumor boundaries with th...Cancer is one of the main causes of death throughout the world.Radical elimination of tumor is crucial for a successful treatment.However,during cancer treatment,it is difficult to distinguish tumor boundaries with the naked eye and to accurately exterminate it.In this work,based on the overexpression of H2S in some tumors,an activatable second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)theranostic agent(NRS)for distinguishing tumor tissues from normal tissues,guiding surgical resection and ablating tumor tissues by efficient photothermal therapy is proposed.This developed probe NRS can emit fluorescence in the range of 900-1100 nm and detect tumor tissues with H2S overexpression.Under the guidance of NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging,the tumor margins can be delineated clearly with high signal-to-background ratio.In addition,with the help of NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence surgery navigation,tumors tissues can be precisely resected.More importantly,the probe displays a high photothermal conversion efficiency and can efficiently induce tumor cells apoptosis under 808 nm laser irradiation.By using the desirable attributes of NRS,the tumor tissues with H2S overexpression was successfully ablated.This work provides a new tool for the future precision eradicate tumors without recurrence,which may have translational potential in biological and clinical systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intraoperative and postoperative biliary injuries remain significant complications of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE).Indocyanine green(ICG)has been shown to significantly reduce injuries c...BACKGROUND Intraoperative and postoperative biliary injuries remain significant complications of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE).Indocyanine green(ICG)has been shown to significantly reduce injuries caused by intraoperative operational errors.We found that the J-tube can reduce postoperative strictures and injuries to the common bile duct.At this moment,we aim to analyze and compare the complications,efficacy,short-term outcomes,and feasibility of these two adjunctive tools for LCBDE.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of ICG fluorescence imaging In LCBDE and J-tube drainage for patients with common bile duct stones.METHODS We retrospectively collected the clinical case data of patients who were treated at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of the Third People’s Hospital of Nantong,affiliated with Nantong University,from January 2016 to January 2021 due to gallbladder stones with choledocholithiasis and who underwent LCBDE combined with a primary suture and either J-tube or T-tube drainage.The patients were divided into groups:Traditional white-light laparoscopy+T-tube group(WL+T-tube),traditional WL+J-tube group,fluorescent laparoscopy+T-tube group(ICG+T-tube)and fluorescent laparoscopy+J-tube group(ICG+J-tube).The preoperative and postoperative clinical case data,laboratory examination data,and intraoperative and postoperative complications(including postoperative bile leakage,electrolyte disturbances,biliary peritonitis,and postoperative infections)and other relevant indicators were compared.RESULTS A total of 198 patients(112 males and 86 females)were included in the study,with 74 patients in the WL+T-tube,47 in the WL+J-tube,42 in the ICG+T-tube,and 35 in the ICG+J-tube.Compared with the other groups,the ICG+J had significantly shorter operation time(114 minutes,P=0.001),less blood loss(42 mL,P=0.02),shorter postoperative hospital stays(7 days,P=0.038),and lower surgical costs(China yuan 30178,P=0.001).Furthermore,patients were subdivided into two groups based on whether a T-tube or J-tube was placed during the surgery.By the third postoperative day,the aspartate transaminase,glutamic pyruvic transaminase,total bilirubin,and direct bilirubin levels were lower in the J-tube group than in the T-tube group(P<0.001).At last,follow-up observations showed that the incidence of biliary strictures at three months postoperatively was significantly lower in the J-tube group than in the T-tube group(P=0.002).CONCLUSION ICG fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration and J-tube drainage facilitates rapid identification of biliary anatomy and variations,reducing intraoperative bile duct injury,blood loss,surgery duration,and postoperative bile duct stenosis rates,supporting its clinical adoption.展开更多
A pancreas surgeon’s constant goal is to do"less damage,more radical".Currently,a small number of highly trained surgeons opt for single-incision laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(SILPD)or single-incisio...A pancreas surgeon’s constant goal is to do"less damage,more radical".Currently,a small number of highly trained surgeons opt for single-incision laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(SILPD)or single-incision plus one-port LPD(SILPD+1)to minimize post-operative pain,improve convalescence,and provide a more pleas-ing cosmetic outcome[1,2].Additionally,some skilled surgeons have claimed that laparoscopic duodenum-preserving complete pancreatic head resections(LDPPHR)result in less trauma and en-hanced quality of life[3,4].However,LDPPHR is still challenging because of its lengthy learning curve and"sword-fighting"impact.Additionally,there has not been any global reporting on the suit-ability of single-incision plus one-port DPPHR with pancreaticogas-trostomy(SILDPPHR-T+1)in place of SILPD+1.This study aimed to illustrate the SILDPPHR-T+1 procedure specifics for a patient with pancreatic head intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)(main pancreatic duct type)(MD-IPMN).展开更多
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and often fatal disease, especially since the brain metastasis of TNBC has been a particularly severe manifestation. However, brain metastasis in TNBC at early sta...Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and often fatal disease, especially since the brain metastasis of TNBC has been a particularly severe manifestation. However, brain metastasis in TNBC at early stages often lacks noticeable symptoms, making it challenging to detect. Near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence microscopic imaging obtains long wavelength, which enables reduced scattering, high spatial resolution and minimal autofluorescence, it is also a favorable imaging method for tumor diagnosis. PbS@CdS quantum dots (QDs) are one of the popular NIR-II fluorescence nanoprobes for well brightness. In this study, NIR-II emissive PbS@CdS QDs were utilized and further encapsulated with thiol-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (SH-PEG, MW = 5000) to form PbS@CdS@PEG QDs nanoparticles (NPs). The obtained PbS@CdS@PEG QDs NPs were then characterized and further studied in detail. The PbS@CdS@PEG QDs NPs had large absorption spectra, exhibited strong NIR-II fluorescence emission at approximately 1300nm, and possessed good NIR-II fluorescence properties. Then, the mice model of early-stage brain metastases of TNBC was established, and the PbS@CdS@PEG QDs NPs were injected into the tumor-bearing mice for NIR-II fluorescence microscopic bioimaging. The brain vessels and tumors of the living mice were detected with high spatial resolution under the NIR-II fluorescence microscopic imaging system with irradiation of 808nm laser. The tumor tissues were further restricted and prepared as thin slices. The NIR-II fluorescence signals were collected from the tumor slices with high spatial resolution and signal-to-background ratio (SBR). Thus, the PbS@CdS@PEG QDs NPs-assisted NIR-II fluorescence microscopic system can effectively achieve targeting brain metastases of TNBC imaging, offering a novel and promising approach for TNBC-specific diagnosis.展开更多
Infrared and visible light images can be obtained simultaneously by building fluorescence imaging system,which includes fluorescence excitation,images acquisition,mechanical part,image transmission and processing sect...Infrared and visible light images can be obtained simultaneously by building fluorescence imaging system,which includes fluorescence excitation,images acquisition,mechanical part,image transmission and processing section.This system studied the 2charge-coupled device(CCD)camera(AD-080CL)of the JAI company.Fusion algorithm of visible light and near infrared images was designed for the fluorescence imaging system with wavelet transform image fusion algorithm.In order to enhance the fluorescent moiety of the fusion image,the luminance value of the green component of the color image was changed.And using microsoft foundation classes(MFC)application architecture,the supporting software system was bulit in VS2010 environment.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to determine the response of Ficus microcarpa L. foliage to polyethylene glycol （PEG） simulated water stress using chlorophyll fluo- rescence imaging technique. [Method] The responses of d...[Objective] This study was to determine the response of Ficus microcarpa L. foliage to polyethylene glycol （PEG） simulated water stress using chlorophyll fluo- rescence imaging technique. [Method] The responses of detached leaves from Ficus microcarpa, Ficus benjamina and Nerium oleander to PEG-6000 simulated water stress were detected, and the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique was used to detect and analyze the stress at different spots of a single leaf simultaneously. [Result] The responses of Ficus microcarpa, Ficus benjamina and Nerium oleander to dehydration showed that： ~1~） the maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and non- photo-chemical quenching （NPQ） values were small in the reaction center among different detected spots of leaves, and there were great differences between relative electron transport rate （ETR）, photochemical quenching （qP） and quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry （（φPSII）; （2） the differences of these parameters were more ob- vious among different spots of water-stressed leaves; （3） the discrete degrees of the species with strong resitances decreased significantly. [Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the further research on the response of plants to drought stress using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique.展开更多
Triphenylamine(TPA)-containing 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazoles(2a-2c)have been synthesized via a highly efficient rhodium-catalyzed C–H/C–H cross-coupling reaction.Compound 2a is a novel mechanofluorochromic materia...Triphenylamine(TPA)-containing 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazoles(2a-2c)have been synthesized via a highly efficient rhodium-catalyzed C–H/C–H cross-coupling reaction.Compound 2a is a novel mechanofluorochromic material with blue-shifted mechanochromic properties.Compounds 2b and 2c presented opposite mechanochromic trends.For 2b,the enol-form emission enhanced,and the ketoform emission blue-shift after grinding.In contrast,2c exhibited the weak enol-form emission disappeared and the keto-form emission slightly red-shift after grinding treatments.The estrone-containing2b-based water-dispersed nanoparticles(NPs)exhibit apparent dual-emission and were applied for fluorescence images.In addition,bis(TPA)-containing 2c-based devices exhibit dual-emission with good performance and a singlet exciton yield of 92%,which breaks through the theoretical upper limit of 25%in conventional fluorescent OLEDs.This is one of the highest exciton utilization values recorded for the ESIPT molecules with a dual emission system.展开更多
In recent years,the use of fluorescence-guided surgery(FGS)to treat benign and malignant visceral,hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms has significantly increased.FGS relies on the fluorescence signal emitted by inj...In recent years,the use of fluorescence-guided surgery(FGS)to treat benign and malignant visceral,hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms has significantly increased.FGS relies on the fluorescence signal emitted by injected substances(fluorophores)after being illuminated by ad hoc laser sources to help guide the surgical procedure and provide the surgeon with real-time visualization of the fluorescent structures of interest that would be otherwise invisible.This review surveys and discusses the most common and emerging clinical applications of indocyanine green(ICG)-based fluorescence in visceral,hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.The analysis,findings,and discussion presented here rely on the authors'significant experience with this technique in their medical institutions,an up-to-date review of the most relevant articles published on this topic between 2014 and 2018,and lengthy discussions with key opinion leaders in the field during recent conferences and congresses.For each application,the benefits and limitations of this technique,as well as applicable future directions,are described.The imaging of fluorescence emitted by ICG is a simple,fast,relatively inexpensive,and harmless tool with numerous different applications in surgery for both neoplasms and benign pathologies of the visceral and hepatobiliary systems.The ever-increasing availability of visual systems that can utilize this tool will transform some of these applications into the standard of care in the near future.Further studies are needed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each application of ICG-based fluorescence imaging in abdominal surgery.展开更多
AIM: To investigate feasibility and accuracy of near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green: nanocolloid for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in gastric cancer.METHODS: A prospective, single-institut...AIM: To investigate feasibility and accuracy of near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green: nanocolloid for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in gastric cancer.METHODS: A prospective, single-institution, phase I feasibility trial was conducted. Patients suffering from gastric cancer and planned for gastrectomy were included. During surgery, a subserosal injection of 1.6 mL ICG:Nanocoll was administered around the tumor. NIR fluorescence imaging of the abdominal cavity was performed using the Mini-FLARE™ NIR fluorescence imaging system. Lymphatic pathways and SLNs were visualized. Of every detected SLN, the corresponding lymph node station, signal-to-background ratio and histopathological diagnosis was determined. Patients underwent standard-of-care gastrectomy. Detected SLNs outside the standard dissection planes were also resected and evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Four patients were excluded because distant metastases were found during surgery or due to technical failure of the injection. In 21 of the remaining 22 patients, at least 1 SLN was detected by NIR Fluorescence imaging (mean 3.1 SLNs; range 1-6). In 8 of the 21 patients, tumor-positive LNs were found. Overall accuracy of the technique was 90% (70%-99%; 95%CI), which decreased by higher pT-stage (100%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 0% for respectively Tx, T1, T2, T3, T4 tumors). All NIR-negative SLNs were completely effaced by tumor. Mean fluorescence signal-to-background ratio of SLNs was 4.4 (range 1.4-19.8). In 8 of the 21 patients, SLNs outside the standard resection plane were identified, that contained malignant cells in 2 patients.CONCLUSION: This study shows successful use of ICG:Nanocoll as lymphatic tracer for SLN detection in gastric cancer. Moreover, tumor-containing LNs outside the standard dissection planes were identified.展开更多
5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that is a protoporphyrin IX(Pp IX) precursor and a next-generation photosensitive substance. After exogenous administration of ALA, Pp IX specifically acc...5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that is a protoporphyrin IX(Pp IX) precursor and a next-generation photosensitive substance. After exogenous administration of ALA, Pp IX specifically accumulates in cancer cells owing to the impaired metabolism of ALA to Pp IX in mitochondria, which results in a red fluorescence following irradiation with blue light and the formation of singlet oxygen. Fluorescence navigation by photodynamic diagnosis(PDD) using ALA provides good visualization and detection of gastric cancer lesions and is a potentially valuable diagnostic tool for gastric cancer for evaluating both the surgical resection margins and extension of the lesion. Furthermore, PDD using ALA might be used to detect peritoneal metastases during preoperative staging laparoscopy, where it could provide useful information for the selection of a therapeutic approach. Another promising application for this modality is in the evaluation of lymph node metastases. Photodynamic therapy(PDT) using ALA to cause selective damage based on the accumulation of a photosensitizer in malignant tissue is expected to be a non-invasive endoscopic treatment for superficial early gastric cancer. ALA has the potential to be used not only as a diagnostic agent but also as a therapeutic drug, resulting in a new strategy for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we review the current use of PDD and PDT in gastric cancer and evaluate its future potential beyond conventional modalities combined with a light energy upconverter, a light-emitting diode and nearinfrared rays as light sources.展开更多
Indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence imaging is widely used in abdominal surgery.The implementation of minimally invasive rectal surgery using new methods like robotics or a transanal approach required improvement of op...Indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence imaging is widely used in abdominal surgery.The implementation of minimally invasive rectal surgery using new methods like robotics or a transanal approach required improvement of optical systems.In that setting,ICG fluorescence optimizes intraoperative vision of anatomical structures by improving blood and lymphatic flow.The purpose of this review was to summarize all potential applications of this upcoming technology in rectal cancer surgery.Each type of use has been separately addressed and the evidence was investigated.During rectal resection,ICG fluorescence angiography is mainly used to evaluate the perfusion of the colonic stump in order to reduce the risk of anastomotic leaks.In addition,ICG fluorescence imaging allows easy visualization of organs such as the ureter or urethra to protect them from injury.This intraoperative technology is a valuable tool for conducting lymph node dissection along the iliac lymphatic chain or to better identifying the rectal dissection planes when a transanal approach is performed.This is an overview of the applications of ICG fluorescence imaging in current surgical practice and a synthesis of the results obtained from the literature.Although further studies are need to investigate the real clinical benefits,these findings may enhance use of ICG fluorescence in current clinical practice and stimulate future research on new applications.展开更多
The aim of this research was to study the influence of chlorsulfuron residue and cadmium on the enzymatic activity and photosynthetic apparatus of maize(Zea mays L.) plants. Chlorsulfuron and cadmium at 0.001 and 5.0 ...The aim of this research was to study the influence of chlorsulfuron residue and cadmium on the enzymatic activity and photosynthetic apparatus of maize(Zea mays L.) plants. Chlorsulfuron and cadmium at 0.001 and 5.0 mg kg–1, respectively, were mixed and applied to soil prior to planting. The levels of chlorsulfuron-and cadmium-induced stress to plants were estimated by growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxide content, enzyme activities, and major fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll(revealed by the fluorescence imaging system Fluor Cam). Chlorsulfuron negatively affected the chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the dark-adapted state, the maximum efficiency of photosystem II, photochemical quenching coefficient, and steady-state fluorescence decline ratio in the leaves of maize seedlings. However, cadmium did not produce noticeable changes. Plants that were exposed to both chlorsulfuron and cadmium showed an obvious increase in the steady-state fluorescence decline ratio. These results implied that the seedlings possessed more resistance to cadmium than to chlorsulfuron and their resistance to chlorsulfuron toxicity was enhanced by the presence of cadmium. The results also suggested that chlorophyll fluorescence imaging reveals overall alterations within the leaves but may not reflect small-scale effects on tissues, as numeric values of specific parameters are averages of the data collected from the whole leaf.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Program(No.KJCX20170418)Natural Science Foundation of China(31601216)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(D151100004215002).
文摘The main purpose of this research is to provide a theoretical foundation for the screening of drought-resistant soybean varieties and to establish an efficient method to detect the PSII actual photochemical quantum yields efficiently.Three soybean varieties were compared in this experiment after 15 d when they were planted in a greenhouse.These varieties were then exposed to light drought stress(LD)and serious drought stress(SD)conditions.With five times’measurement,chlorophyll fluorescence and soil-plant analysis development considered as the main basis for this study.Several parameters in SD conditions significantly reduced,such as net photosynthetic rates(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),PSII primary light energy conversion efficiency(Fv/FM),PSII actual photochemical quantum yields[Y(II)],photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(qN).The soybeans in the seedling stage adapted to the inhibitory effect of drought stress on photosynthesis through stomatal limitation.Under serious drought stress,non-stomatal limitation damaged the plant photosynthetic system.The amplitudes of Pn and Y(II)of drought-resistant Qihuang 35 were lower than those of the two other varieties.Based on the data of this study,a new method had been developed to detect Y(II)which reflected the photosynthetic capacity of plant,R=0.85989,u=0.048803 when using multiple linear regression,and R=0.84285,u=0.054739 when using partial least square regression.
基金Supported by the NationalNaturalScience Foundation of China( No. 2 0 175 0 1) and U niversity Key Teachers Programdirected under the Ministry of Education ofP.R.China( No. 2 0 0 0 - 6 5 )
文摘It is critical to establish a direct and precise method with a high sensitivity and selectivity in analytical chemistry. In this research, making use of a well known phenomenon of capillary flow, we have proposed an image analysis method of nucleic acids at the price of a small amount of sample. When a droplet of the supramolecular complex solution, formed by neutral red and nucleic acids(NA) under an approximate neutral condition, was placed on the hydrophobic surface of dimethyl dichlorosilane pretreated glass slides, and it was evaporated, the supramolecular complex exhibited the periphery of the droplet due to the capillary effect, and accumulated there to form a red capillary flow directed assembly ring(CFDAR). A typical CFDAR has an outer diameter of (2 r ) about 1.18 mm and a ring width(2 δ ) of about 41 μm. Depending on the experimental conditions, a variety of CFDAR can be assembled. The experimental results are in agreement with our former theoretical discussion. It was found that when a droplet volume is 0.1 μL, the fluorescence intensity of the CFDAR formed by the NR NA is in proportion to the content of calf thymus DNA in the range of 0-0.28 ng, fish sperm DNA of 0-0.24 ng and yeast RNA of 0-0.16 ng with the limit of detection(3 σ ) of 1 7, 1.4 and 0.9 pg, respectively for the three nucleic acids.
基金supported by the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering under Biomimetic and Biomedical Materials program(IMRE/00-1P1400)Newcastle University(RSA/CCEAMD5010)+1 种基金National University of Singapore(R279-000-482-133)The funding from NRF Investigatorship(R279-000-444-281)is also appreciated。
文摘Dual-functional aggregation-induced photosensitizers(AIE-PSs)with singlet oxygen generation(SOG)ability and bright fluorescence in aggregated state have received much attention in image-guided photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,designing an AIE-PS with both high SOG and intense fluorescence via molecular design is still challenging.In this work,we report a new nanohybrid consisting of gold nanostar(AuNS)and AIE-PS dots with enhanced fluorescence and photosensitization for theranostic applications.The spectral overlap between the extinction of AuNS and fluorescence emission of AIE-PS dots(665 nm)is carefully selected using five different AuNSs with distinct localized surface plasmon(LSPR)peaks.Results show that all the AuNS s can enhance the 1 O2 production of AIE-PS dots,among which the AuNS with LSPR peak at 585 nm exhibited the highest 1 O2 enhancement factor of15-fold with increased fluorescence brightness.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest enhancement factor reported for the metalenhanced singlet oxygen generation systems.The Au585@AIE-PS nanodots were applied for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and photodynamic ablation of HeLa cancer cells with strongly enhanced PDT efficiency in vitro.This study provides a better understanding of the metal-enhanced AIE-PS nanohybrid systems,opening up new avenue towards advanced image-guided PDT with greatly improved efficacy.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Programme) (No. 2011CB707701)National Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project(No. 2011YQ030114)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 81071191, 60831003, 30930092, and 30872633)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 3111003)Tsinghua-Yue-Yuen Medical Science Foundation
文摘Challenges remain in fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) in in vivo experiments, since the target fluorescence signal is often contaminated by the high level of background signal originated from autofluorescence and leakage of excitation light. In this paper, we propose an image subtraction algorithm based on two images acquired using two excitation filters with different spectral regions. One in vivo experiment with a mouse locally injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was conducted to calculate the subtraction coefficient used in our studies and to validate the subtraction result when the exact position of the target fluorescence signal was known. Another in vivo experiment employing a nude mouse implanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)—expressing colon tumor was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the employed method to extract target fluorescence signal when the exact position of the target fluorescence signal was unknown. The subtraction results show that this image subtraction algorithm can effectively extract the target fluorescence signal and quantitative analysis results demonstrate that the target-to-background ratio (TBR) can be significantly improved by 33.5 times after background signal subtraction.
基金financially supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62075103,81973488)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211271)+4 种基金the Foundation of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application(No.2021KFKT07)the Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for College Students in Jiangsu(No.202110312037Z)the Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent(No.QNRC2016075)the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(No.ZKX19022)the Jiangsu Provincial High level Health Talent“six one project”(No.LGY2019005)。
文摘Phototheranostic with highly integrated functions is an attractive platform for cancer management. It remains challenging to develop a facile phototheranostic platform with complementary bimodal imaging and combinational therapy capacity. Herein, the small-molecule cyanine IR780 loaded liposomes have been harnessed as a nanoplatform to simultaneously realize photoacoustic(PA)/the second near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅱ) fluorescence imaging and image-guided surgery/adjuvant photothermal therapy(PTT).This nanoplatform exhibits attractive properties like uniform controllable size, stable dispersibility, NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence emission, photothermal conversion, and biocompatibility. Benefiting from the complementary PA/NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence bimodal imaging, this nanoplatform was successfully applied in precise vasculature delineation and tumor diagnosis. Interestingly, the tumor was clearly detected by NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging with the highest tumor-to-normal-tissue ratio up to 12.69, while signal interference from the liver was significantly reduced, due to the difference in the elimination rate of the nanoplatform in the liver and tumor. Under the precise guidance of the image, the tumor was accurately resected, and the simulated residual lesion after surgery was completely ablated by adjuvant PTT. This combined therapy showed improved antitumor efcacy over the individual surgery or PTT. This work develops a facile phototheranostic nanoplatform with great significance in accurately diagnosing and effectively treating tumors using simple NIR light irradiation.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Li et al.We specifically focus on the novel use of multicolor near-infrared fluorescence imaging(MCFI)with indocyanine green in laparoscopic cholecystectomy,which is an innovative approach for enhancing biliary visualization during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.This study also highlighted the limitations of conventional single-color fluorescence imaging(SCFI),which relies solely on a green fluorescence signal,leading to challenges such as visual fatigue and difficulty in distinguishing biliary structures from background hepatic tissue.Given the complex anatomy of the biliary system and the challenges of visual fatigue encountered with SCFI,MCFI addresses these issues by enabling the differentiation of biliary structures by mapping the fluorescence intensity across a unique blue-to-purple color spectrum,thus improving the clarity of anatomical structures and reducing the visual strain for surgeons.We also focus specifically on the complications and cautious usage of indocyanine green in this context,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of MCFI and SCFI.Overall,MCFI represents a significant advancement in fluorescence-guided surgery,with the potential to become a standard imaging modality for safer and more effective laparoscopic procedures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82473154 and No.82372805Jiangsu Province Basic Research Special Fund(Soft Science Research)Special Funding,No.BK20210022Nanjing Municipal Special Fund for Health Science and Technology Development,No.YKK21078.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)ranks among the most common and deadly malignancies globally.Surgical resection with lymph node(LN)dissection is the primary treatment.The accuracy of LN dissection is essential to reduce postoperative complications and mortality.Therefore,improving the quality of LN dissection in GC surgery and refining postoperative LN staging have been the focus of clinical attention.Indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence imaging serves as a vital clinical tracing technique in GC surgery.It enables accurate tumor localization,enhances the completeness of LN dissection,and evaluates anastomotic blood supply after digestive tract reconstruction.These benefits collectively improve surgical outcomes and lower recurrence rates.This article examines the principles of ICG fluorescence imaging and its necessity in GC tracing surgery.Compared to conventional tracers,ICG offers superior safety and lower toxicity,with robust evidence supporting its clinical efficacy.This technology represents a paradigm shift in GC surgery.Current studies optimize ICG delivery protocols,such as injection time and dose,and integrate it with emerging technologies like robotic systems to improve LN detection rates.This article demonstrates the safety and efficacy of ICG as a tracer,which is poised to advance the precision of GC surgery and improve patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278447 and 22178395)State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals(No.KF2109)State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics(No.20230768)。
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)presents a promising avenue in cancer treatment.Erlotinib,an FDAapproved anticancer drug targeting epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),has shown effectiveness in normalizing tumor vasculature across various tumors,thereby promoting tumor oxygenation and facilitating PDT.In this work,erlotinib was conjugated with a near-infrared(NIR)photosensitizer,benzo[a]phenoselenazinium,yielding three EGFR-targeted PDT agents(NBSe-n C-Er).These newly synthesized photosensitizers demonstrate specificity in binding to EGFR,thereby enhancing their accumulation in cancer cells and tumors,and consequently improving the efficiency of both PDT and chemotherapy.Additionally,the NIR fluorescence emitted by the photosensitizer allows for imaging-guided therapy,offering a non-invasive means of monitoring treatment progress.The distinctive properties of the three-inone photosensitizer render it an ideal candidate for precise tumor treatment,overcoming the limitations of conventional therapies.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22406099,82172961,22077048 and22277014)the Special Fund of Taishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqnz20231253)+2 种基金Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2021GXNSFDA075003,AD21220061)the startup fund of Guangxi University(No.A3040051003)the Major Science and Technology Plan Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDKJ202005)。
文摘Cancer is one of the main causes of death throughout the world.Radical elimination of tumor is crucial for a successful treatment.However,during cancer treatment,it is difficult to distinguish tumor boundaries with the naked eye and to accurately exterminate it.In this work,based on the overexpression of H2S in some tumors,an activatable second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)theranostic agent(NRS)for distinguishing tumor tissues from normal tissues,guiding surgical resection and ablating tumor tissues by efficient photothermal therapy is proposed.This developed probe NRS can emit fluorescence in the range of 900-1100 nm and detect tumor tissues with H2S overexpression.Under the guidance of NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging,the tumor margins can be delineated clearly with high signal-to-background ratio.In addition,with the help of NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence surgery navigation,tumors tissues can be precisely resected.More importantly,the probe displays a high photothermal conversion efficiency and can efficiently induce tumor cells apoptosis under 808 nm laser irradiation.By using the desirable attributes of NRS,the tumor tissues with H2S overexpression was successfully ablated.This work provides a new tool for the future precision eradicate tumors without recurrence,which may have translational potential in biological and clinical systems.
文摘BACKGROUND Intraoperative and postoperative biliary injuries remain significant complications of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE).Indocyanine green(ICG)has been shown to significantly reduce injuries caused by intraoperative operational errors.We found that the J-tube can reduce postoperative strictures and injuries to the common bile duct.At this moment,we aim to analyze and compare the complications,efficacy,short-term outcomes,and feasibility of these two adjunctive tools for LCBDE.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of ICG fluorescence imaging In LCBDE and J-tube drainage for patients with common bile duct stones.METHODS We retrospectively collected the clinical case data of patients who were treated at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of the Third People’s Hospital of Nantong,affiliated with Nantong University,from January 2016 to January 2021 due to gallbladder stones with choledocholithiasis and who underwent LCBDE combined with a primary suture and either J-tube or T-tube drainage.The patients were divided into groups:Traditional white-light laparoscopy+T-tube group(WL+T-tube),traditional WL+J-tube group,fluorescent laparoscopy+T-tube group(ICG+T-tube)and fluorescent laparoscopy+J-tube group(ICG+J-tube).The preoperative and postoperative clinical case data,laboratory examination data,and intraoperative and postoperative complications(including postoperative bile leakage,electrolyte disturbances,biliary peritonitis,and postoperative infections)and other relevant indicators were compared.RESULTS A total of 198 patients(112 males and 86 females)were included in the study,with 74 patients in the WL+T-tube,47 in the WL+J-tube,42 in the ICG+T-tube,and 35 in the ICG+J-tube.Compared with the other groups,the ICG+J had significantly shorter operation time(114 minutes,P=0.001),less blood loss(42 mL,P=0.02),shorter postoperative hospital stays(7 days,P=0.038),and lower surgical costs(China yuan 30178,P=0.001).Furthermore,patients were subdivided into two groups based on whether a T-tube or J-tube was placed during the surgery.By the third postoperative day,the aspartate transaminase,glutamic pyruvic transaminase,total bilirubin,and direct bilirubin levels were lower in the J-tube group than in the T-tube group(P<0.001).At last,follow-up observations showed that the incidence of biliary strictures at three months postoperatively was significantly lower in the J-tube group than in the T-tube group(P=0.002).CONCLUSION ICG fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration and J-tube drainage facilitates rapid identification of biliary anatomy and variations,reducing intraoperative bile duct injury,blood loss,surgery duration,and postoperative bile duct stenosis rates,supporting its clinical adoption.
基金supported by grants from the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(81302161 and 82003103)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFS0375 and 2020YJ0450).
文摘A pancreas surgeon’s constant goal is to do"less damage,more radical".Currently,a small number of highly trained surgeons opt for single-incision laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(SILPD)or single-incision plus one-port LPD(SILPD+1)to minimize post-operative pain,improve convalescence,and provide a more pleas-ing cosmetic outcome[1,2].Additionally,some skilled surgeons have claimed that laparoscopic duodenum-preserving complete pancreatic head resections(LDPPHR)result in less trauma and en-hanced quality of life[3,4].However,LDPPHR is still challenging because of its lengthy learning curve and"sword-fighting"impact.Additionally,there has not been any global reporting on the suit-ability of single-incision plus one-port DPPHR with pancreaticogas-trostomy(SILDPPHR-T+1)in place of SILPD+1.This study aimed to illustrate the SILDPPHR-T+1 procedure specifics for a patient with pancreatic head intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)(main pancreatic duct type)(MD-IPMN).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.62035011,82202220 and 82060326State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis,Prevention and treat ment of High Incident Diseases in central Asia(Nos.SKL-HIDCA-2022-3 and SKL-HIDCA-2022-GJ1)+3 种基金the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Regional Collaborative Innovation Special Science and Technology Assistance Program(No.2022E02130)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Sci ence Foundation Key Project(No.2022D01D40)Outstanding Youth Project(2023D01E06)Y.Gao and C.Zhang authors contributed equally to this work.
文摘Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and often fatal disease, especially since the brain metastasis of TNBC has been a particularly severe manifestation. However, brain metastasis in TNBC at early stages often lacks noticeable symptoms, making it challenging to detect. Near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence microscopic imaging obtains long wavelength, which enables reduced scattering, high spatial resolution and minimal autofluorescence, it is also a favorable imaging method for tumor diagnosis. PbS@CdS quantum dots (QDs) are one of the popular NIR-II fluorescence nanoprobes for well brightness. In this study, NIR-II emissive PbS@CdS QDs were utilized and further encapsulated with thiol-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (SH-PEG, MW = 5000) to form PbS@CdS@PEG QDs nanoparticles (NPs). The obtained PbS@CdS@PEG QDs NPs were then characterized and further studied in detail. The PbS@CdS@PEG QDs NPs had large absorption spectra, exhibited strong NIR-II fluorescence emission at approximately 1300nm, and possessed good NIR-II fluorescence properties. Then, the mice model of early-stage brain metastases of TNBC was established, and the PbS@CdS@PEG QDs NPs were injected into the tumor-bearing mice for NIR-II fluorescence microscopic bioimaging. The brain vessels and tumors of the living mice were detected with high spatial resolution under the NIR-II fluorescence microscopic imaging system with irradiation of 808nm laser. The tumor tissues were further restricted and prepared as thin slices. The NIR-II fluorescence signals were collected from the tumor slices with high spatial resolution and signal-to-background ratio (SBR). Thus, the PbS@CdS@PEG QDs NPs-assisted NIR-II fluorescence microscopic system can effectively achieve targeting brain metastases of TNBC imaging, offering a novel and promising approach for TNBC-specific diagnosis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61171177)National Major Scientific Equipment Development Projects of China(No.2013YQ240803)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province(No.2012021011-1)Scientific and Technological Project in Shanxi Province(No.20140321010-02)
文摘Infrared and visible light images can be obtained simultaneously by building fluorescence imaging system,which includes fluorescence excitation,images acquisition,mechanical part,image transmission and processing section.This system studied the 2charge-coupled device(CCD)camera(AD-080CL)of the JAI company.Fusion algorithm of visible light and near infrared images was designed for the fluorescence imaging system with wavelet transform image fusion algorithm.In order to enhance the fluorescent moiety of the fusion image,the luminance value of the green component of the color image was changed.And using microsoft foundation classes(MFC)application architecture,the supporting software system was bulit in VS2010 environment.
基金Supported by the Major Program for the West Action Projects of the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-XB2-08)the Science-Technology Foundation of Zealquest(ZQFD200705)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to determine the response of Ficus microcarpa L. foliage to polyethylene glycol （PEG） simulated water stress using chlorophyll fluo- rescence imaging technique. [Method] The responses of detached leaves from Ficus microcarpa, Ficus benjamina and Nerium oleander to PEG-6000 simulated water stress were detected, and the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique was used to detect and analyze the stress at different spots of a single leaf simultaneously. [Result] The responses of Ficus microcarpa, Ficus benjamina and Nerium oleander to dehydration showed that： ~1~） the maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） and non- photo-chemical quenching （NPQ） values were small in the reaction center among different detected spots of leaves, and there were great differences between relative electron transport rate （ETR）, photochemical quenching （qP） and quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry （（φPSII）; （2） the differences of these parameters were more ob- vious among different spots of water-stressed leaves; （3） the discrete degrees of the species with strong resitances decreased significantly. [Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the further research on the response of plants to drought stress using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique.
基金Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology(No.BM2012110)the fundamental research funds for the central universities(No.2023CDJYGRH-YB17)+4 种基金the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(No.cx2022061)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1123)the Chongqing Talents:Exceptional Young Talents Project(No.cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0067)Changzhou University,Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center(No.ACGM2022–10–10)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21702019,62174160)for financial support。
文摘Triphenylamine(TPA)-containing 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazoles(2a-2c)have been synthesized via a highly efficient rhodium-catalyzed C–H/C–H cross-coupling reaction.Compound 2a is a novel mechanofluorochromic material with blue-shifted mechanochromic properties.Compounds 2b and 2c presented opposite mechanochromic trends.For 2b,the enol-form emission enhanced,and the ketoform emission blue-shift after grinding.In contrast,2c exhibited the weak enol-form emission disappeared and the keto-form emission slightly red-shift after grinding treatments.The estrone-containing2b-based water-dispersed nanoparticles(NPs)exhibit apparent dual-emission and were applied for fluorescence images.In addition,bis(TPA)-containing 2c-based devices exhibit dual-emission with good performance and a singlet exciton yield of 92%,which breaks through the theoretical upper limit of 25%in conventional fluorescent OLEDs.This is one of the highest exciton utilization values recorded for the ESIPT molecules with a dual emission system.
文摘In recent years,the use of fluorescence-guided surgery(FGS)to treat benign and malignant visceral,hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms has significantly increased.FGS relies on the fluorescence signal emitted by injected substances(fluorophores)after being illuminated by ad hoc laser sources to help guide the surgical procedure and provide the surgeon with real-time visualization of the fluorescent structures of interest that would be otherwise invisible.This review surveys and discusses the most common and emerging clinical applications of indocyanine green(ICG)-based fluorescence in visceral,hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.The analysis,findings,and discussion presented here rely on the authors'significant experience with this technique in their medical institutions,an up-to-date review of the most relevant articles published on this topic between 2014 and 2018,and lengthy discussions with key opinion leaders in the field during recent conferences and congresses.For each application,the benefits and limitations of this technique,as well as applicable future directions,are described.The imaging of fluorescence emitted by ICG is a simple,fast,relatively inexpensive,and harmless tool with numerous different applications in surgery for both neoplasms and benign pathologies of the visceral and hepatobiliary systems.The ever-increasing availability of visual systems that can utilize this tool will transform some of these applications into the standard of care in the near future.Further studies are needed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each application of ICG-based fluorescence imaging in abdominal surgery.
文摘AIM: To investigate feasibility and accuracy of near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green: nanocolloid for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in gastric cancer.METHODS: A prospective, single-institution, phase I feasibility trial was conducted. Patients suffering from gastric cancer and planned for gastrectomy were included. During surgery, a subserosal injection of 1.6 mL ICG:Nanocoll was administered around the tumor. NIR fluorescence imaging of the abdominal cavity was performed using the Mini-FLARE™ NIR fluorescence imaging system. Lymphatic pathways and SLNs were visualized. Of every detected SLN, the corresponding lymph node station, signal-to-background ratio and histopathological diagnosis was determined. Patients underwent standard-of-care gastrectomy. Detected SLNs outside the standard dissection planes were also resected and evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Four patients were excluded because distant metastases were found during surgery or due to technical failure of the injection. In 21 of the remaining 22 patients, at least 1 SLN was detected by NIR Fluorescence imaging (mean 3.1 SLNs; range 1-6). In 8 of the 21 patients, tumor-positive LNs were found. Overall accuracy of the technique was 90% (70%-99%; 95%CI), which decreased by higher pT-stage (100%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 0% for respectively Tx, T1, T2, T3, T4 tumors). All NIR-negative SLNs were completely effaced by tumor. Mean fluorescence signal-to-background ratio of SLNs was 4.4 (range 1.4-19.8). In 8 of the 21 patients, SLNs outside the standard resection plane were identified, that contained malignant cells in 2 patients.CONCLUSION: This study shows successful use of ICG:Nanocoll as lymphatic tracer for SLN detection in gastric cancer. Moreover, tumor-containing LNs outside the standard dissection planes were identified.
文摘5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that is a protoporphyrin IX(Pp IX) precursor and a next-generation photosensitive substance. After exogenous administration of ALA, Pp IX specifically accumulates in cancer cells owing to the impaired metabolism of ALA to Pp IX in mitochondria, which results in a red fluorescence following irradiation with blue light and the formation of singlet oxygen. Fluorescence navigation by photodynamic diagnosis(PDD) using ALA provides good visualization and detection of gastric cancer lesions and is a potentially valuable diagnostic tool for gastric cancer for evaluating both the surgical resection margins and extension of the lesion. Furthermore, PDD using ALA might be used to detect peritoneal metastases during preoperative staging laparoscopy, where it could provide useful information for the selection of a therapeutic approach. Another promising application for this modality is in the evaluation of lymph node metastases. Photodynamic therapy(PDT) using ALA to cause selective damage based on the accumulation of a photosensitizer in malignant tissue is expected to be a non-invasive endoscopic treatment for superficial early gastric cancer. ALA has the potential to be used not only as a diagnostic agent but also as a therapeutic drug, resulting in a new strategy for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we review the current use of PDD and PDT in gastric cancer and evaluate its future potential beyond conventional modalities combined with a light energy upconverter, a light-emitting diode and nearinfrared rays as light sources.
文摘Indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence imaging is widely used in abdominal surgery.The implementation of minimally invasive rectal surgery using new methods like robotics or a transanal approach required improvement of optical systems.In that setting,ICG fluorescence optimizes intraoperative vision of anatomical structures by improving blood and lymphatic flow.The purpose of this review was to summarize all potential applications of this upcoming technology in rectal cancer surgery.Each type of use has been separately addressed and the evidence was investigated.During rectal resection,ICG fluorescence angiography is mainly used to evaluate the perfusion of the colonic stump in order to reduce the risk of anastomotic leaks.In addition,ICG fluorescence imaging allows easy visualization of organs such as the ureter or urethra to protect them from injury.This intraoperative technology is a valuable tool for conducting lymph node dissection along the iliac lymphatic chain or to better identifying the rectal dissection planes when a transanal approach is performed.This is an overview of the applications of ICG fluorescence imaging in current surgical practice and a synthesis of the results obtained from the literature.Although further studies are need to investigate the real clinical benefits,these findings may enhance use of ICG fluorescence in current clinical practice and stimulate future research on new applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30740037)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201103024)the Foundation for Graduate Innovation,Shanxi University,China(011452901009)
文摘The aim of this research was to study the influence of chlorsulfuron residue and cadmium on the enzymatic activity and photosynthetic apparatus of maize(Zea mays L.) plants. Chlorsulfuron and cadmium at 0.001 and 5.0 mg kg–1, respectively, were mixed and applied to soil prior to planting. The levels of chlorsulfuron-and cadmium-induced stress to plants were estimated by growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxide content, enzyme activities, and major fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll(revealed by the fluorescence imaging system Fluor Cam). Chlorsulfuron negatively affected the chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the dark-adapted state, the maximum efficiency of photosystem II, photochemical quenching coefficient, and steady-state fluorescence decline ratio in the leaves of maize seedlings. However, cadmium did not produce noticeable changes. Plants that were exposed to both chlorsulfuron and cadmium showed an obvious increase in the steady-state fluorescence decline ratio. These results implied that the seedlings possessed more resistance to cadmium than to chlorsulfuron and their resistance to chlorsulfuron toxicity was enhanced by the presence of cadmium. The results also suggested that chlorophyll fluorescence imaging reveals overall alterations within the leaves but may not reflect small-scale effects on tissues, as numeric values of specific parameters are averages of the data collected from the whole leaf.
