The root-knot nematode disease(RKN)caused by Meloidogyne incognita is a devastating threat to the production of crops,especially greenhouse vegetables.Fluopyram,a new nematicide,has been widely used by root drenching ...The root-knot nematode disease(RKN)caused by Meloidogyne incognita is a devastating threat to the production of crops,especially greenhouse vegetables.Fluopyram,a new nematicide,has been widely used by root drenching one-by-one plants for the management of RKN.However,as a common non-fumigation nematicide,its distribution in soil was often the key limiting factor that determined the efficacy and efficiency.To optimize the utilization of fluopyram against RKN,the control efficacy of application methods including blending-of-soil,rootirrigation,drip-irrigation,and furrow-irrigation and the correlation between nematicide distribution and efficacy were studied.The toxicities of fluopyram and abamectin to nematodes collected from different sources and backgrounds exhibited limited differences from crop and region.Compared to the control,all nematicide treatments reduced root galling by M.incognita in cucumber and increased the yield of cucumber.Blending-of-soil treatment and root-irrigation treatment were more beneficial for increasing the distribution area of nematicides in soil,then promoting the control efficacy of nematicides against RKN and improving cucumber production.This work showed that the application of fluopyram by blending-of-soil has the same efficacy as by rootirrigation in controlling RKN in cucumber production,moreover is more efficient and can be an alternative option.展开更多
The effectiveness of fluopyram suspension concentrate against pine wilt disease(PWD)is limited by spraying efficiency and water dependence.A traditional dust formulation with strong dispersibility can overcome these s...The effectiveness of fluopyram suspension concentrate against pine wilt disease(PWD)is limited by spraying efficiency and water dependence.A traditional dust formulation with strong dispersibility can overcome these shortcomings.However,its efficacy against PWD remains uncertain.This study evaluated the translocation of fluopyram dust within tree tissues,soil and water degradation,and its effective control against PWD.Nursery tests showed effective prevention;field tests showed dust absorption and translocation into pine tissues.Thirty days following application,residual concentrations in soil were low at 0.09 mg kg^(−1);no detectable residues were found in water samples.Three years after applying fluopyram,its effectiveness increased to approximately 87%.Based on this study,fluopyram had a half-life of 346 d with persistence lasting up to three years.This provides valuable insight for managing PWD through dust applications.展开更多
Fluopyram is an succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI)fungicide that has been registered in China to control gummy stem blight(GSB)in watermelons for many years.However,whether the field pathogens of GSB are still s...Fluopyram is an succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI)fungicide that has been registered in China to control gummy stem blight(GSB)in watermelons for many years.However,whether the field pathogens of GSB are still sensitive to fluopyram or not is unknown.Therefore,we collected 69 Didymella bryoniae isolates from the fields that usually use fluopyram to control GSB to determine the sensitivity change.The EC_(50)(50%inhibition effect)values of fluopyram against D.bryoniae ranged from 0.0691 to 0.3503μg mL^(–1) and the variation factor was 5.07.The mean EC_(50) value was(0.1579±0.0669)μg mL^(–1) and the curve of sensitivity was unimodal.No resistant strains were found in the isolates,which means that the pathogens were still sensitive to fluopyram.The minimal inhibition concentration(MIC)of fluopyram against D.bryoniae was 3μg mL^(–1).Four low-resistant mutants and two medium-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide taming and the resistance of mutants could be inherited stably.The growth rate of mutants decreased significantly compared with that of wild-type strains while the biomass of most mutants was similar to that of wild-type strains.The sensitivity of most resistant mutants to various stresses was increased compared with that of wild-type strains.The virulence of mutants receded except for low-resistant mutant XN51FR-1,which had the same lesion area as XN51 on the watermelon leaves.The results indicated that the fitness of resistant mutants was decreased compared with that of wild-type strains.The cross-resistance assay indicated that fluopyram-resistant mutants were positive cross-resistant to all six SDHI fungicides in this test but were still sensitive to fluazinam and tebuconazole.So the resistance risk of D.bryoniae to fluopyram was moderate.In addition,we found that the SdhB gene of low-resistant mutant XN30FR-1 had three new point mutations at positions K258N,A259P,and H277N.Medium-resistant mutant XN52FR-1 showed a mutation at position H277N and other mutants did not have any point mutation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1700500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272596)the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System for Vegetables in Shandong Province(SDAIT-05).
文摘The root-knot nematode disease(RKN)caused by Meloidogyne incognita is a devastating threat to the production of crops,especially greenhouse vegetables.Fluopyram,a new nematicide,has been widely used by root drenching one-by-one plants for the management of RKN.However,as a common non-fumigation nematicide,its distribution in soil was often the key limiting factor that determined the efficacy and efficiency.To optimize the utilization of fluopyram against RKN,the control efficacy of application methods including blending-of-soil,rootirrigation,drip-irrigation,and furrow-irrigation and the correlation between nematicide distribution and efficacy were studied.The toxicities of fluopyram and abamectin to nematodes collected from different sources and backgrounds exhibited limited differences from crop and region.Compared to the control,all nematicide treatments reduced root galling by M.incognita in cucumber and increased the yield of cucumber.Blending-of-soil treatment and root-irrigation treatment were more beneficial for increasing the distribution area of nematicides in soil,then promoting the control efficacy of nematicides against RKN and improving cucumber production.This work showed that the application of fluopyram by blending-of-soil has the same efficacy as by rootirrigation in controlling RKN in cucumber production,moreover is more efficient and can be an alternative option.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2021YFD1400900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers U1905201,32171805)+6 种基金the Forestry Key Program of Science and Technology in Fujian Province(grant number 2021FKJ03)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(grant number 2021J01056)the Forestry Programs of Science and Technology in Fujian Province[grant number Mincaizhi(2020)601]the Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province(grant number 2018N5002)the Forestry Science Research Project of Fujian Forestry Department[grant number Minlinke(2017)03]the National Major Emergency Science and Technology Program of China(grant number ZD202001)the Forestry Peak Discipline Construction Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(grant numbers 72202200205,71201800720).
文摘The effectiveness of fluopyram suspension concentrate against pine wilt disease(PWD)is limited by spraying efficiency and water dependence.A traditional dust formulation with strong dispersibility can overcome these shortcomings.However,its efficacy against PWD remains uncertain.This study evaluated the translocation of fluopyram dust within tree tissues,soil and water degradation,and its effective control against PWD.Nursery tests showed effective prevention;field tests showed dust absorption and translocation into pine tissues.Thirty days following application,residual concentrations in soil were low at 0.09 mg kg^(−1);no detectable residues were found in water samples.Three years after applying fluopyram,its effectiveness increased to approximately 87%.Based on this study,fluopyram had a half-life of 346 d with persistence lasting up to three years.This provides valuable insight for managing PWD through dust applications.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1400900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272585)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(KYCXJC2023003)。
文摘Fluopyram is an succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI)fungicide that has been registered in China to control gummy stem blight(GSB)in watermelons for many years.However,whether the field pathogens of GSB are still sensitive to fluopyram or not is unknown.Therefore,we collected 69 Didymella bryoniae isolates from the fields that usually use fluopyram to control GSB to determine the sensitivity change.The EC_(50)(50%inhibition effect)values of fluopyram against D.bryoniae ranged from 0.0691 to 0.3503μg mL^(–1) and the variation factor was 5.07.The mean EC_(50) value was(0.1579±0.0669)μg mL^(–1) and the curve of sensitivity was unimodal.No resistant strains were found in the isolates,which means that the pathogens were still sensitive to fluopyram.The minimal inhibition concentration(MIC)of fluopyram against D.bryoniae was 3μg mL^(–1).Four low-resistant mutants and two medium-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide taming and the resistance of mutants could be inherited stably.The growth rate of mutants decreased significantly compared with that of wild-type strains while the biomass of most mutants was similar to that of wild-type strains.The sensitivity of most resistant mutants to various stresses was increased compared with that of wild-type strains.The virulence of mutants receded except for low-resistant mutant XN51FR-1,which had the same lesion area as XN51 on the watermelon leaves.The results indicated that the fitness of resistant mutants was decreased compared with that of wild-type strains.The cross-resistance assay indicated that fluopyram-resistant mutants were positive cross-resistant to all six SDHI fungicides in this test but were still sensitive to fluazinam and tebuconazole.So the resistance risk of D.bryoniae to fluopyram was moderate.In addition,we found that the SdhB gene of low-resistant mutant XN30FR-1 had three new point mutations at positions K258N,A259P,and H277N.Medium-resistant mutant XN52FR-1 showed a mutation at position H277N and other mutants did not have any point mutation.
