Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)is a serious ocular condition marked by the separation of the neuroretina from the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).The pathogenesis of RRD involves intricate molecular and cellula...Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)is a serious ocular condition marked by the separation of the neuroretina from the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).The pathogenesis of RRD involves intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms,including inflammation,cell migration,and the activation of proliferative signaling pathways.One of the most challenging complications of RRD is proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR),which refers to the proliferation and contraction of fibrocellular membranes on the retinal surface and in the vitreous cavity.PVR is a major cause of surgical failure in RRD,as it can lead to recurrent retinal detachment and severe vision loss.However,the pathogenesis of PVR is not yet fully understood,and the treatment options are quite limited.Recent advances in analytical techniques have offered valuable insights into the molecular alterations present in the subretinal fluid(SRF)of patients with RRD.This review seeks to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the SRF profile in RRD and PVR,emphasizing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.展开更多
Particle-fluid two-phase flows in rock fractures and fracture networks play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing operations,a vital component in unconventional oil and...Particle-fluid two-phase flows in rock fractures and fracture networks play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing operations,a vital component in unconventional oil and gas extraction.Central to this phenomenon is the transport of proppants,tiny solid particles injected into the fractures to prevent them from closing once the injection is stopped.However,effective transport and deposition of proppant is critical in keeping fracture pathways open,especially in lowpermeability reservoirs.This review explores,then quantifies,the important role of fluid inertia and turbulent flows in governing proppant transport.While traditional models predominantly assume and then characterise flow as laminar,this may not accurately capture the complexities inherent in realworld hydraulic fracturing and proppant emplacement.Recent investigations highlight the paramount importance of fluid inertia,especially at the high Reynolds numbers typically associated with fracturing operations.Fluid inertia,often overlooked,introduces crucial forces that influence particle settling velocities,particle-particle interactions,and the eventual deposition of proppants within fractures.With their inherent eddies and transient and chaotic nature,turbulent flows introduce additional complexities to proppant transport,crucially altering proppant settling velocities and dispersion patterns.The following comprehensive survey of experimental,numerical,and analytical studies elucidates controls on the intricate dynamics of proppant transport under fluid inertia and turbulence-towards providing a holistic understanding of the current state-of-the-art,guiding future research directions,and optimising hydraulic fracturing practices.展开更多
In drilling ultra-deep wells,the drilling fluid circulation usually causes erosion damage to downhole casing and drilling tools.However,the extent and process of this damage to the downhole tools is intricate and less...In drilling ultra-deep wells,the drilling fluid circulation usually causes erosion damage to downhole casing and drilling tools.However,the extent and process of this damage to the downhole tools is intricate and less understood.In order to systematically evaluate and clarify this damage process for different types of drilling fluid contamination,this research uses a high-temperature drilling fluid damage device to simulate the damage caused to the casing/drilling tools by various drilling fluid under a field thermal gradient.The results show that the drilling fluid residues are mainly solid-phase particles and organic components.The degree of casing/tool damage decreases with an increase in bottom hole temperature,and the casing/tool is least damaged within a temperature range of 150–180°C.Moreover,the surface of the casing/tool damaged by different types of drilling fluid shows different roughness,and the wettability of drilling fluid on the casing/tool surface increases with an increase in the degree of roughness.Oil-based drilling fluid have the strongest adhesion contamination on casing/drilling tools.In contrast,polysulfonated potassium drilling fluid and super-micro drilling fluid have the most potent erosion damage on casing/drilling tools.By analyzing the damage mechanism,it was established that the damage was mainly dominated by the abrasive wearing from solid-phase particles in concert with corrosion ions in drilling fluid,with solids producing many abrasion marks and corrosive ions causing a large number of pits.Clarifying drilling fluid's contamination and damage mechanism is significant in guiding the wellbore cleaning process and cutting associated costs.展开更多
Temperature is a critical factor influencing the performance of coal catalytic hydrogasification in bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers.Numerical simulations at various temperatures(1023 K,1073 K,1123 K,and 1173 K)are co...Temperature is a critical factor influencing the performance of coal catalytic hydrogasification in bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers.Numerical simulations at various temperatures(1023 K,1073 K,1123 K,and 1173 K)are conducted to elucidate the mechanisms by which temperature affects bubble size,global reaction performance,and particle-scale reactivity.The simulation results indicate that bubble size increases at elevated temperatures,while H_(2)-char hydrogasification reactivity is enhanced.Particle trajectory analyses reveal that particles sized between 100 and 250μm undergo intense char hydrogasification in the dense phase,contributing to the formation of hot spots.To assess the impact of temperature on the particle-scale flow-transfer-reaction process,the dimensionless quantities of Reynolds,Nusselt,and Sherwood numbers,along with the solids dispersion coefficient,are calculated.It is found that higher temperatures inhibit bubble-induced mass and heat transfer.In general,3 MPa,1123 K,and 3-4 fluidization numbers are identified as the optimal conditions for particles ranging from 0 to350μm.These findings provide valuable insights into the inherent interactions between temperature and gas-particle reaction.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are prevalent among patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)and can adversely contribute to treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.Poor fluid restriction adherence is a widespread ...BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are prevalent among patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)and can adversely contribute to treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.Poor fluid restriction adherence is a widespread challenge in the management of CHF.To effectively manage disease progression and alleviate symptoms,it is crucial to identify key influencing factors to facilitate the implementation of targeted interventions.AIM To investigate the status of anxiety and depression among patients with CHF and determine the factors contributing to poor fluid restriction adherence.METHODS Three hundred CHF patients seeking medical treatment at The First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between June 2021 and June 2023 were included in the study.Questionnaires,including the Psychosomatic Symptom Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,and Fluid Restriction Adherence Questionnaire were administered to patients.Based on their anxiety and depression scores,patients were categorized into anxiety/depression and non-anxiety/depression groups,as well as fluid restriction adherence and fluid restriction non-adherence groups.General patient data were collected,and univariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the occurrence of depression and anxiety.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors influencing fluid restriction adherence.RESULTS Statistically significant differences in age,New York Heart Association(NYHA)grading,marital status,educational attainment,and family support were observed between depressed and non-depressed CHF patients(P<0.05).Age,NYHA grading,marital status,educational attainment,and family support were identified as factors influencing the development of depression.The anxiety and non-anxiety groups differed statistically in terms of gender,age,NYHA grading,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,monthly income,educational attainment,and family support(P<0.05).Gender,smoking,alcohol consumption,monthly income,and educational attainment affected anxiety in these patients.The fluid restriction adherence rate was 28.0%,and thirst sensation,anxiety,and depression were identified as independent influencing factors.CONCLUSION CHF patients are susceptible to anxiety and depression,with multiple associated influencing factors.Moreover,anxiety and depression are independent factors that can influence fluid restriction adherence in these patients.展开更多
In the application of high-pressure water jet assisted breaking of deep underground rock engineering,the influence mechanism of rock temperature on the rock fragmentation process under jet action is still unclear.Ther...In the application of high-pressure water jet assisted breaking of deep underground rock engineering,the influence mechanism of rock temperature on the rock fragmentation process under jet action is still unclear.Therefore,the fluid evolution characteristics and rock fracture behavior during jet impingement were studied.The results indicate that the breaking process of high-temperature rock by jet impact can be divided into four stages:initial fluid-solid contact stage,intense thermal exchange stage,perforation and fracturing stage,and crack propagation and penetration stage.With the increase of rock temperature,the jet reflection angles and the time required for complete cooling of the impact surface significantly decrease,while the number of cracks and crack propagation rate significantly increase,and the rock breaking critical time is shortened by up to 34.5%.Based on numerical simulation results,it was found that the center temperature of granite at 400℃ rapidly decreased from 390 to 260℃ within 0.7 s under jet impact.In addition,a critical temperature and critical heat flux prediction model considering the staged breaking of hot rocks was established.These findings provide valuable insights to guide the water jet technology assisted deep ground hot rock excavation project.展开更多
Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the t...Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.展开更多
The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and ...The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and fluid mobility due to the influences of the northeast and northwest dual provenance systems.This study performed multiple experimental analyses on nine samples from the area to determine the petrological and petrophysical properties,as well as the PTS characteristics of reservoirs in different provenance-controlled regions.On this basis,the pore-throat size distribution(PSD)obtained from high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)was utilized to convert the NMR movable fluid T2spectrum,allowing for quantitative characterization of the full PSD and the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids.A systematic analysis was conducted on the primary controlling factors affecting fluid mobility in the reservoir.The results indicated that the lithology in the eastern and western regions is lithic arkose.The eastern sandstones,being farther from the provenance,exhibit higher contents of feldspar and lithic fragments,along with the development of more dissolution pores.The reservoir possesses good petrophysical properties,low displacement pressure,and high pore-throat connectivity and homogeneity,indicating strong fluid mobility.In contrast,the western sandstones,being nearer to the provenance,exhibit poor grain sorting,high contents of lithic fragments,strong compaction and cementation effects,resulting in poor petrophysical properties,and strong pore-throat heterogeneity,revealing weak fluid mobility.The range of full PSD in the eastern reservoir is wider than that in the western reservoir,with relatively well-developed macropores.The macropores are the primary space for occurrence of movable fluids,and controls the fluid mobility of the reservoir.The effective porosity of movable fluids(EPMF)quantitatively represents the pore space occupied by movable fluids within the reservoir and correlates well with porosity,permeability,and PTS parameters,making it a valuable parameter for evaluating fluid mobility.Under the multi-provenance system,the eastern and western reservoirs underwent different sedimentation and diagenesis processes,resulting in differential distribution of reservoir mineral components and pore types,which in turn affects the PTS heterogeneity and reservoir quality.The composition and content of reservoir minerals are intrinsic factors influencing fluid mobility,while the microscopic PTS is the primary factor controlling it.Low clay mineral content,welldeveloped macropores,and weak pore-throat heterogeneity all contribute to the storage and seepage of reservoir fluids.展开更多
Oil shale is characterized by a dense structure,low proportion of pores and fissures,and low permeability.Pore-fracture systems serve as crucial channels for shale oil migration,directly influencing the production eff...Oil shale is characterized by a dense structure,low proportion of pores and fissures,and low permeability.Pore-fracture systems serve as crucial channels for shale oil migration,directly influencing the production efficiency of shale oil resources.Effectively stimulating oil shale reservoirs remains a challenging and active research topic.This investigation employed shale specimens obtained from the Longmaxi Formation.Scanning electron microscopy,fluid injection experiments,and fluid-structure interaction simulations were used to comprehensively analyze structural changes and fluid flow behavior under high temperatures from microscopic to macroscopic scales.Experimental results indicate that the temperature has little effect on the structure and permeability of shale before 300℃.However,there are two threshold temperatures within the range of 300 to 600℃that have significant effects on the structure and permeability of oil shale.The first threshold temperature is between 300 and 400℃,which causes the oil shale porosity,pore-fracture ratio,and permeability begin to increase.This is manifested by the decrease in micropores and mesopores,the increase in macropores,and the formation of a large number of isolated pores and fissures within the shale.The permeability increases but not significantly.The second threshold temperature is between 500 and 600℃,which increases the permeability of oil shale significantly.During this stage,micropores and mesopores are further reduced,and macropores are significantly enlarged.A large number of connected and penetrated pores and fissures are formed.More numerous and thicker streamlines appear inside the oil shale.The experimental results demonstrate that high temperatures significantly alter the microstructure and permeability of oil shale.At the same time,the experimental results can provide a reference for the research of in-situ heating techniques in oil shale reservoir transformation.展开更多
Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical...Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical multiple bacterial infections and monitor food microbial contamination in production sites in real-time.In this work,we developed a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid gold nanoparticles(4-MPBA-AuNPs)-functionalized hydrogel microneedle(MPBA-H-MN)for bacteria detection in skin interstitial fluid.MPBA-H-MN could conveniently capture and enrich a variety of bacteria within 5 min.Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)detection was then performed and combined with machine learning technology to distinguish and identify a variety of bacteria.Overall,the capture efficiency of this method exceeded 50%.In the concentration range of 1×10_(7) to 1×10^(10) colony-forming units/mL(CFU/mL),the corresponding SERS intensity showed a certain linear relationship with the bacterial concentration.Using random forest(RF)-based machine learning,bacteria were effectively distinguished with an accuracy of 97.87%.In addition,the harmless disposal of used MNs by photothermal ablation was convenient,environmentally friendly,and inexpensive.This technique provided a potential method for rapid and real-time diagnosis of multiple clinical bacterial infections and for monitoring microbial contamination of food in production sites.展开更多
Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing po...Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge concentrations.The waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution levels.This study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle deposition.To explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are considered.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations.The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary conditions.The integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of parameters.Graphical outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current problem.Results reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter increases.The concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic parameter.An upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass transport.The surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters.展开更多
Aiming to address the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) formation collision avoidance problem in Three-Dimensional(3-D) low-altitude environments where dense various obstacles exist, a fluid-based path planning framework n...Aiming to address the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) formation collision avoidance problem in Three-Dimensional(3-D) low-altitude environments where dense various obstacles exist, a fluid-based path planning framework named the Formation Interfered Fluid Dynamical System(FIFDS) with Moderate Evasive Maneuver Strategy(MEMS) is proposed in this study.First, the UAV formation collision avoidance problem including quantifiable performance indexes is formulated. Second, inspired by the phenomenon of fluids continuously flowing while bypassing objects, the FIFDS for multiple UAVs is presented, which contains a Parallel Streamline Tracking(PST) method for formation keeping and the traditional IFDS for collision avoidance. Third, to rationally balance flight safety and collision avoidance cost, MEMS is proposed to generate moderate evasive maneuvers that match up with collision risks. Comprehensively containing the time and distance safety information, the 3-D dynamic collision regions are modeled for collision prediction. Then, the moderate evasive maneuver principle is refined, which provides criterions of the maneuver amplitude and direction. On this basis, an analytical parameter mapping mechanism is designed to online optimize IFDS parameters. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is validated by comparative simulation results and real flight experiments using fixed-wing UAVs.展开更多
A novel method employing magnetic compound fluid(MCF)wheel was proposed for polishing the outer surface of stainless steel tube.Firstly,a polishing apparatus was constructed.In addition,the distribution of the magneti...A novel method employing magnetic compound fluid(MCF)wheel was proposed for polishing the outer surface of stainless steel tube.Firstly,a polishing apparatus was constructed.In addition,the distribution of the magnetic field of MCF wheel on the workpiece surface was explored by Maxwell software and Tesla meter,and the relationship between magnetic field distribution and material removal(MR)on the workpiece surface was investigated.Then,MR model was established and proved by the experiment results under specific experiment conditions.Finally,the influence laws of carbonyl iron powder particle size d_(CIP),abrasive particle size d_(AP),magnet speed n_(m),workpiece speed n_(c),and MCF supply amount V on surface roughness R_(a) and reduction rate were investigated through experiments,and the mechanisms of different parameters on surface quality were explored.Results show that the magnetic induction intensity during polishing is positively correlated with the polished profile of the workpiece.The trend of MR simulation is consistent with that of the experiment value,which proves the accuracy of MR model.When the revolution speeds of magnet and workpiece are 200 and 5000 r/min,respectively,and 2 mL MCF slurry containing 50wt%carbonyl iron powder(15μm),12wt%abrasive particle(7μm),3wt%α-cellulose,and 35wt%magnetic fluid was used,the final surface roughness decreases from 0.411μm to 0.007μm.After polishing for 100 min,the reduction rate is 98.297%,demonstrating that this method is appropriate for polishing the outer surface of tube.展开更多
The aim of this study is to address the issues associated with traditional magnetorheological fluid(MRF)dampers,such as insufficient damping force after power failure and susceptibility to settlement.In order to achie...The aim of this study is to address the issues associated with traditional magnetorheological fluid(MRF)dampers,such as insufficient damping force after power failure and susceptibility to settlement.In order to achieve this,a bidirectional adjustable MRF damper was designed and developed.Magnetic field simulation analysis was conducted on the damper,along with simulation analysis on its dynamic characteristics.The dynamic characteristics were ultimately validated through experimental testing on the material testing machine,thereby corroborating the theoretical simulation results.Concurrently,this process generated valuable test data for subsequent implementation of the semi-active vibration control system.The simulation and test results demonstrate that the integrated permanent magnet effectively accomplishes bidirectional regulation.The magnetic induction intensity of the damping channel is 0.2 T in the absence of current,increases to 0.5 T when a maximum forward current of 4 A is applied,and becomes 0 T when a maximum reverse current of 3.8 A is applied.When the excitation amplitude is 8 mm and the frequency is 2 Hz,with the applied currents varying,the maximum damping force reaches 8 kN,while the minimum damping force measures at 511 N.Additionally,at zero current,the damping force stands at 2 kN,which aligns closely with simulation results.The present paper can serve as a valuable reference for the design and research of semi-active MRF dampers.展开更多
Transcritical and supercritical fluids widely exist in aerospace propulsion systems,such as the coolant flow in the regenerative cooling channels of scramjet engines.To numerically simulate the coolant flow,we must ad...Transcritical and supercritical fluids widely exist in aerospace propulsion systems,such as the coolant flow in the regenerative cooling channels of scramjet engines.To numerically simulate the coolant flow,we must address the challenges in solving Riemann problems(RPs)for real fluids under complex flow conditions.In this study,an exact numerical solution for the one-dimensional RP of two-parameter fluids is developed.Due to the comprehensive resolution of fluid thermodynamics,the proposed solution framework is suitable for all forms of the two-parameter equation of state(EoS).The pressure splitting method is introduced to enable parallel calculation of RPs across multiple grid points.Theoretical analysis demonstrates the isentropic nature of weak waves in two-parameter fluids,ensuring that the same mathematical properties as ideal gas could be applied in Newton's iteration.A series of numerical cases validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.A comparative analysis is conducted on the exact Riemann solutions for the real fluid EoS,the ideal gas EoS,and the improved ideal gas EoS under supercritical and transcritical conditions.The results indicate that the improved one produces smaller errors in the calculation of momentum and energy fluxes.展开更多
The Gejiu tin-copper-(tungsten)(Sn-Cu-(W))polymetallic district is located in the southwest of the W-Sn metallogenic belt in the western Youjiang Basin,Yunnan,Southwest China.Abundant W minerals have been identified i...The Gejiu tin-copper-(tungsten)(Sn-Cu-(W))polymetallic district is located in the southwest of the W-Sn metallogenic belt in the western Youjiang Basin,Yunnan,Southwest China.Abundant W minerals have been identified in the region via exploration.However,metallogenic sources and evolution of W remain unclear,and the existing metallogenic model has to be updated to guide further ore prospecting.Elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic data for scheelites assist in the determination of sources and evolution of the W-mineralizing fluids and metals in the district.Based on field geological survey,the scheelites in the Gejiu district can be categorized into three types:altered granite(Type Ⅰ),quartz vein(Type Ⅱ)from the Laochang deposit,and skarn(Type Ⅲ)from the Kafang deposit.Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ scheelites have low molybdenum(Mo)and strontium(Sr)contents,and Type Ⅱ scheelite has lower Sr contents than Type Ⅰ as well as higher Mo and Sr contents than Type Ⅲ scheelites.Varying Mo contents across the scheelite types suggests that the oxygen fugacity varied during ore accumulation.Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ scheelites exhibit similar rare earth elements(REE)patterns;Type Ⅲ scheelite contains lower REE content,particularly HREE,compared with the other scheelites.All scheelites exhibit negative Eu anomalies in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns.As the W-mineralization and two-mica granite share close spatial and temporal relationships,the negative Eu anomalies were likely inherited from the two-mica granite.Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ scheelites display varied(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(82 Ma)(0.7090-0.7141)andε_(Nd)(82 Ma)(from−9.9 to−5.4)values,similar to those of granite.However,Type Ⅲ scheelite exhibits lower(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(82 Ma)(0.7083-0.7087)and lowerε_(Nd)(82 Ma)(from−10.5 to−6.9)values than the two-mica granite.This indicates that the two-mica granite alone did not provide the ore-forming fluids and metals and that the Type Ⅲ scheelite ore-forming fluids likely involved external fluids that were probably derived from carbonate rocks.The implication is that highly differentiated two-mica granites were the source of primary W-bearing metals and fluids,which is consistent with earlier research on the origin of Sn ore-forming materials.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of cumulative fluid balance(CFB)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and analyze the relationship between different trajectory groups and the occu...Objective:This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of cumulative fluid balance(CFB)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and analyze the relationship between different trajectory groups and the occurrence of pressure injuries(PIs).Methods:In this retrospective longitudinal study,we obtained health-related data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database,including sociodemographic,disease-related variables,and ICU treatment variables.The daily CFB adjusted for body weight was calculated,and the occurrence of PIs during the ICU stay was recorded.A group-based trajectory model was used to explore the different CFB trajectories.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the CFB trajectory group and PIs.Results:Among the 4,294 included participants,we identified four distinct trajectories of CFB in ICU patients:the rapid accumulation group(12.5%),the slow accumulation group(28.5%),the neutral balance group(41.7%),and the negative decrease group(17.3%).After adjusting for some sociodemographic,disease-related variables,and ICU treatment variables,the rapid accumulation group had an OR of 1.63(95%CI:1.30,2.04)for all stages of PIs and an OR of 1.36(95%CI:1.08,1.72)for stage II or higher PIs compared to the neutral balance group.Conclusions:Four unique trajectories of CFB were identified among patients in the ICU,including rapid accumulation,slow accumulation,neutral balance,and negative decrease.Rapid accumulation independently increased the risk of PIs during ICU stay.展开更多
Dear Editor,We introduce a novel surgical instrument designed to overcome the challenges in draining fluid from the suprachoroidal space in patients with choroidal detachment.In the evolving landscape of ophthalmic su...Dear Editor,We introduce a novel surgical instrument designed to overcome the challenges in draining fluid from the suprachoroidal space in patients with choroidal detachment.In the evolving landscape of ophthalmic surgeries,procedures that were once considered complex,such as those for choroidal detachment,are becoming increasingly common.Drainage of subchoroidal fluid was derived from 1985[1]with indirect visualization during scleral buckle surgery[2-4].展开更多
Understanding the thermodynamic behavior of complex fluids in confined environments is critical for various industrial and natural processes including but not limited to polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery(EOR).In ...Understanding the thermodynamic behavior of complex fluids in confined environments is critical for various industrial and natural processes including but not limited to polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery(EOR).In this work,we develop Atif-V2.0,an extended classical density functional theory(cDFT)framework that integrates the interfacial statistical associating fluid theory(iSAFT)to model multicomponent associating fluids composed of water-soluble polymers,alkanes,and water.Building on the original theoretical framework of Atif for modeling nanoconfined inhomogeneous fluids,Atif-V2.0 embeds explicit solvent and captures additional physical interactions-hydrogen bonding,which are critical in associating fluid systems.The other key feature of Atif-V2.0 is its ability to account for polymer topology.We demonstrate its capability by predicting the equilibrium structure and thermodynamic behavior of branched hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions near hard walls with various branching topologies,which provides a robust theoretical tool for the rational design of EOR polymers.展开更多
Bubble breakup at T-junction microchannels is the basis for the numbering-up of gas−liquid two-phase flow in parallelized microchannels. This article presents the bubble breakup in viscous liquids at a microfluidic T-...Bubble breakup at T-junction microchannels is the basis for the numbering-up of gas−liquid two-phase flow in parallelized microchannels. This article presents the bubble breakup in viscous liquids at a microfluidic T-junction. Nitrogen is used as the gas phase, and glycerol-water mixtures with different mass concentration of glycerol as the liquid phase. The evolution of the gas−liquid interface during bubble breakup at the microfluidic T-junction is explored. The thinning of the bubble neck includes the squeezing stage and the rapid pinch-off stage. In the squeezing stage, the power law relation is found between the minimum width of the bubble neck and the time, and the values of exponents α1 and α2 are influenced by the viscous force. The values of pre-factors m_(1) and m_(2) are negatively correlated with the capillary number. In the rapid pinch-off stage, the thinning of the bubble neck is predominated by the surface tension, and the minimum width of the bubble neck can be scaled with the remaining time as power-law. The propagation of the bubble tip can be characterized by the power law between the movement distance and the time, with decreasing exponent as increased liquid viscosity.展开更多
文摘Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)is a serious ocular condition marked by the separation of the neuroretina from the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).The pathogenesis of RRD involves intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms,including inflammation,cell migration,and the activation of proliferative signaling pathways.One of the most challenging complications of RRD is proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR),which refers to the proliferation and contraction of fibrocellular membranes on the retinal surface and in the vitreous cavity.PVR is a major cause of surgical failure in RRD,as it can lead to recurrent retinal detachment and severe vision loss.However,the pathogenesis of PVR is not yet fully understood,and the treatment options are quite limited.Recent advances in analytical techniques have offered valuable insights into the molecular alterations present in the subretinal fluid(SRF)of patients with RRD.This review seeks to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the SRF profile in RRD and PVR,emphasizing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
基金the Australian Research Council Discovery Project(ARC DP 220100851)scheme and would acknowledge that.
文摘Particle-fluid two-phase flows in rock fractures and fracture networks play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing operations,a vital component in unconventional oil and gas extraction.Central to this phenomenon is the transport of proppants,tiny solid particles injected into the fractures to prevent them from closing once the injection is stopped.However,effective transport and deposition of proppant is critical in keeping fracture pathways open,especially in lowpermeability reservoirs.This review explores,then quantifies,the important role of fluid inertia and turbulent flows in governing proppant transport.While traditional models predominantly assume and then characterise flow as laminar,this may not accurately capture the complexities inherent in realworld hydraulic fracturing and proppant emplacement.Recent investigations highlight the paramount importance of fluid inertia,especially at the high Reynolds numbers typically associated with fracturing operations.Fluid inertia,often overlooked,introduces crucial forces that influence particle settling velocities,particle-particle interactions,and the eventual deposition of proppants within fractures.With their inherent eddies and transient and chaotic nature,turbulent flows introduce additional complexities to proppant transport,crucially altering proppant settling velocities and dispersion patterns.The following comprehensive survey of experimental,numerical,and analytical studies elucidates controls on the intricate dynamics of proppant transport under fluid inertia and turbulence-towards providing a holistic understanding of the current state-of-the-art,guiding future research directions,and optimising hydraulic fracturing practices.
基金support and funding from the CNPC Project(2021ZG10)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174047)Sinopec Project(No.P23138).
文摘In drilling ultra-deep wells,the drilling fluid circulation usually causes erosion damage to downhole casing and drilling tools.However,the extent and process of this damage to the downhole tools is intricate and less understood.In order to systematically evaluate and clarify this damage process for different types of drilling fluid contamination,this research uses a high-temperature drilling fluid damage device to simulate the damage caused to the casing/drilling tools by various drilling fluid under a field thermal gradient.The results show that the drilling fluid residues are mainly solid-phase particles and organic components.The degree of casing/tool damage decreases with an increase in bottom hole temperature,and the casing/tool is least damaged within a temperature range of 150–180°C.Moreover,the surface of the casing/tool damaged by different types of drilling fluid shows different roughness,and the wettability of drilling fluid on the casing/tool surface increases with an increase in the degree of roughness.Oil-based drilling fluid have the strongest adhesion contamination on casing/drilling tools.In contrast,polysulfonated potassium drilling fluid and super-micro drilling fluid have the most potent erosion damage on casing/drilling tools.By analyzing the damage mechanism,it was established that the damage was mainly dominated by the abrasive wearing from solid-phase particles in concert with corrosion ions in drilling fluid,with solids producing many abrasion marks and corrosive ions causing a large number of pits.Clarifying drilling fluid's contamination and damage mechanism is significant in guiding the wellbore cleaning process and cutting associated costs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308170).
文摘Temperature is a critical factor influencing the performance of coal catalytic hydrogasification in bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers.Numerical simulations at various temperatures(1023 K,1073 K,1123 K,and 1173 K)are conducted to elucidate the mechanisms by which temperature affects bubble size,global reaction performance,and particle-scale reactivity.The simulation results indicate that bubble size increases at elevated temperatures,while H_(2)-char hydrogasification reactivity is enhanced.Particle trajectory analyses reveal that particles sized between 100 and 250μm undergo intense char hydrogasification in the dense phase,contributing to the formation of hot spots.To assess the impact of temperature on the particle-scale flow-transfer-reaction process,the dimensionless quantities of Reynolds,Nusselt,and Sherwood numbers,along with the solids dispersion coefficient,are calculated.It is found that higher temperatures inhibit bubble-induced mass and heat transfer.In general,3 MPa,1123 K,and 3-4 fluidization numbers are identified as the optimal conditions for particles ranging from 0 to350μm.These findings provide valuable insights into the inherent interactions between temperature and gas-particle reaction.
基金Huxiang TCM Physique Intervention Clinical Research Center,No.2023SK4061Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project of Hunan Province,No.B2023065+4 种基金Hunan Province"14th Five-Year Plan"key specialty of TCM,No.[2023]4Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and Hospital Joint Foundation,No.2023XYLH019 and 2024XYLH365R&D Plan for Key Areas of Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.2019SK2321Excellent Youth Program of Hunan Education Department,No.24B0346Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists,No.2025JJ60626.
文摘BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are prevalent among patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)and can adversely contribute to treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.Poor fluid restriction adherence is a widespread challenge in the management of CHF.To effectively manage disease progression and alleviate symptoms,it is crucial to identify key influencing factors to facilitate the implementation of targeted interventions.AIM To investigate the status of anxiety and depression among patients with CHF and determine the factors contributing to poor fluid restriction adherence.METHODS Three hundred CHF patients seeking medical treatment at The First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between June 2021 and June 2023 were included in the study.Questionnaires,including the Psychosomatic Symptom Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,and Fluid Restriction Adherence Questionnaire were administered to patients.Based on their anxiety and depression scores,patients were categorized into anxiety/depression and non-anxiety/depression groups,as well as fluid restriction adherence and fluid restriction non-adherence groups.General patient data were collected,and univariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the occurrence of depression and anxiety.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors influencing fluid restriction adherence.RESULTS Statistically significant differences in age,New York Heart Association(NYHA)grading,marital status,educational attainment,and family support were observed between depressed and non-depressed CHF patients(P<0.05).Age,NYHA grading,marital status,educational attainment,and family support were identified as factors influencing the development of depression.The anxiety and non-anxiety groups differed statistically in terms of gender,age,NYHA grading,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,monthly income,educational attainment,and family support(P<0.05).Gender,smoking,alcohol consumption,monthly income,and educational attainment affected anxiety in these patients.The fluid restriction adherence rate was 28.0%,and thirst sensation,anxiety,and depression were identified as independent influencing factors.CONCLUSION CHF patients are susceptible to anxiety and depression,with multiple associated influencing factors.Moreover,anxiety and depression are independent factors that can influence fluid restriction adherence in these patients.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U23A20597)National Major Science and Technology Project of China (No.2024ZD1003803)+1 种基金Chongqing Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing Municipality (No.CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0028)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (No.CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0503)。
文摘In the application of high-pressure water jet assisted breaking of deep underground rock engineering,the influence mechanism of rock temperature on the rock fragmentation process under jet action is still unclear.Therefore,the fluid evolution characteristics and rock fracture behavior during jet impingement were studied.The results indicate that the breaking process of high-temperature rock by jet impact can be divided into four stages:initial fluid-solid contact stage,intense thermal exchange stage,perforation and fracturing stage,and crack propagation and penetration stage.With the increase of rock temperature,the jet reflection angles and the time required for complete cooling of the impact surface significantly decrease,while the number of cracks and crack propagation rate significantly increase,and the rock breaking critical time is shortened by up to 34.5%.Based on numerical simulation results,it was found that the center temperature of granite at 400℃ rapidly decreased from 390 to 260℃ within 0.7 s under jet impact.In addition,a critical temperature and critical heat flux prediction model considering the staged breaking of hot rocks was established.These findings provide valuable insights to guide the water jet technology assisted deep ground hot rock excavation project.
文摘Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.
文摘The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and fluid mobility due to the influences of the northeast and northwest dual provenance systems.This study performed multiple experimental analyses on nine samples from the area to determine the petrological and petrophysical properties,as well as the PTS characteristics of reservoirs in different provenance-controlled regions.On this basis,the pore-throat size distribution(PSD)obtained from high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)was utilized to convert the NMR movable fluid T2spectrum,allowing for quantitative characterization of the full PSD and the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids.A systematic analysis was conducted on the primary controlling factors affecting fluid mobility in the reservoir.The results indicated that the lithology in the eastern and western regions is lithic arkose.The eastern sandstones,being farther from the provenance,exhibit higher contents of feldspar and lithic fragments,along with the development of more dissolution pores.The reservoir possesses good petrophysical properties,low displacement pressure,and high pore-throat connectivity and homogeneity,indicating strong fluid mobility.In contrast,the western sandstones,being nearer to the provenance,exhibit poor grain sorting,high contents of lithic fragments,strong compaction and cementation effects,resulting in poor petrophysical properties,and strong pore-throat heterogeneity,revealing weak fluid mobility.The range of full PSD in the eastern reservoir is wider than that in the western reservoir,with relatively well-developed macropores.The macropores are the primary space for occurrence of movable fluids,and controls the fluid mobility of the reservoir.The effective porosity of movable fluids(EPMF)quantitatively represents the pore space occupied by movable fluids within the reservoir and correlates well with porosity,permeability,and PTS parameters,making it a valuable parameter for evaluating fluid mobility.Under the multi-provenance system,the eastern and western reservoirs underwent different sedimentation and diagenesis processes,resulting in differential distribution of reservoir mineral components and pore types,which in turn affects the PTS heterogeneity and reservoir quality.The composition and content of reservoir minerals are intrinsic factors influencing fluid mobility,while the microscopic PTS is the primary factor controlling it.Low clay mineral content,welldeveloped macropores,and weak pore-throat heterogeneity all contribute to the storage and seepage of reservoir fluids.
基金supported by the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0333)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJZD-K202401205)+1 种基金Chongqing Three Gorges University Graduate Research and Innovation Project Funding(No.YJSKY24045)Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Disaster Prevention&Control for Banks and Structures in Three Gorges Reservoir Area(No.SXAPGC24YB14,No.SXAPGC24YB03,No.SXAPGC24YB12)。
文摘Oil shale is characterized by a dense structure,low proportion of pores and fissures,and low permeability.Pore-fracture systems serve as crucial channels for shale oil migration,directly influencing the production efficiency of shale oil resources.Effectively stimulating oil shale reservoirs remains a challenging and active research topic.This investigation employed shale specimens obtained from the Longmaxi Formation.Scanning electron microscopy,fluid injection experiments,and fluid-structure interaction simulations were used to comprehensively analyze structural changes and fluid flow behavior under high temperatures from microscopic to macroscopic scales.Experimental results indicate that the temperature has little effect on the structure and permeability of shale before 300℃.However,there are two threshold temperatures within the range of 300 to 600℃that have significant effects on the structure and permeability of oil shale.The first threshold temperature is between 300 and 400℃,which causes the oil shale porosity,pore-fracture ratio,and permeability begin to increase.This is manifested by the decrease in micropores and mesopores,the increase in macropores,and the formation of a large number of isolated pores and fissures within the shale.The permeability increases but not significantly.The second threshold temperature is between 500 and 600℃,which increases the permeability of oil shale significantly.During this stage,micropores and mesopores are further reduced,and macropores are significantly enlarged.A large number of connected and penetrated pores and fissures are formed.More numerous and thicker streamlines appear inside the oil shale.The experimental results demonstrate that high temperatures significantly alter the microstructure and permeability of oil shale.At the same time,the experimental results can provide a reference for the research of in-situ heating techniques in oil shale reservoir transformation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82204340,82173954,and 82073815)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.:BK20221048)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,China(Grant No.:2022ZB295)Key Laboratory Project of Quality Control of Chinese Herbal Medicines and Decoction Pieces,Gansu Institute for Drug Control,China(Grant No.:2024GSMPA-KL02).
文摘Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical multiple bacterial infections and monitor food microbial contamination in production sites in real-time.In this work,we developed a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid gold nanoparticles(4-MPBA-AuNPs)-functionalized hydrogel microneedle(MPBA-H-MN)for bacteria detection in skin interstitial fluid.MPBA-H-MN could conveniently capture and enrich a variety of bacteria within 5 min.Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)detection was then performed and combined with machine learning technology to distinguish and identify a variety of bacteria.Overall,the capture efficiency of this method exceeded 50%.In the concentration range of 1×10_(7) to 1×10^(10) colony-forming units/mL(CFU/mL),the corresponding SERS intensity showed a certain linear relationship with the bacterial concentration.Using random forest(RF)-based machine learning,bacteria were effectively distinguished with an accuracy of 97.87%.In addition,the harmless disposal of used MNs by photothermal ablation was convenient,environmentally friendly,and inexpensive.This technique provided a potential method for rapid and real-time diagnosis of multiple clinical bacterial infections and for monitoring microbial contamination of food in production sites.
文摘Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge concentrations.The waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution levels.This study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle deposition.To explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are considered.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations.The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary conditions.The integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of parameters.Graphical outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current problem.Results reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter increases.The concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic parameter.An upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass transport.The surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.61175084,61673042 and 62203046)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M713006).
文摘Aiming to address the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) formation collision avoidance problem in Three-Dimensional(3-D) low-altitude environments where dense various obstacles exist, a fluid-based path planning framework named the Formation Interfered Fluid Dynamical System(FIFDS) with Moderate Evasive Maneuver Strategy(MEMS) is proposed in this study.First, the UAV formation collision avoidance problem including quantifiable performance indexes is formulated. Second, inspired by the phenomenon of fluids continuously flowing while bypassing objects, the FIFDS for multiple UAVs is presented, which contains a Parallel Streamline Tracking(PST) method for formation keeping and the traditional IFDS for collision avoidance. Third, to rationally balance flight safety and collision avoidance cost, MEMS is proposed to generate moderate evasive maneuvers that match up with collision risks. Comprehensively containing the time and distance safety information, the 3-D dynamic collision regions are modeled for collision prediction. Then, the moderate evasive maneuver principle is refined, which provides criterions of the maneuver amplitude and direction. On this basis, an analytical parameter mapping mechanism is designed to online optimize IFDS parameters. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is validated by comparative simulation results and real flight experiments using fixed-wing UAVs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52265056,52262013)Lanzhou Young Talent Program(2023-QN-38)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRA776)。
文摘A novel method employing magnetic compound fluid(MCF)wheel was proposed for polishing the outer surface of stainless steel tube.Firstly,a polishing apparatus was constructed.In addition,the distribution of the magnetic field of MCF wheel on the workpiece surface was explored by Maxwell software and Tesla meter,and the relationship between magnetic field distribution and material removal(MR)on the workpiece surface was investigated.Then,MR model was established and proved by the experiment results under specific experiment conditions.Finally,the influence laws of carbonyl iron powder particle size d_(CIP),abrasive particle size d_(AP),magnet speed n_(m),workpiece speed n_(c),and MCF supply amount V on surface roughness R_(a) and reduction rate were investigated through experiments,and the mechanisms of different parameters on surface quality were explored.Results show that the magnetic induction intensity during polishing is positively correlated with the polished profile of the workpiece.The trend of MR simulation is consistent with that of the experiment value,which proves the accuracy of MR model.When the revolution speeds of magnet and workpiece are 200 and 5000 r/min,respectively,and 2 mL MCF slurry containing 50wt%carbonyl iron powder(15μm),12wt%abrasive particle(7μm),3wt%α-cellulose,and 35wt%magnetic fluid was used,the final surface roughness decreases from 0.411μm to 0.007μm.After polishing for 100 min,the reduction rate is 98.297%,demonstrating that this method is appropriate for polishing the outer surface of tube.
文摘The aim of this study is to address the issues associated with traditional magnetorheological fluid(MRF)dampers,such as insufficient damping force after power failure and susceptibility to settlement.In order to achieve this,a bidirectional adjustable MRF damper was designed and developed.Magnetic field simulation analysis was conducted on the damper,along with simulation analysis on its dynamic characteristics.The dynamic characteristics were ultimately validated through experimental testing on the material testing machine,thereby corroborating the theoretical simulation results.Concurrently,this process generated valuable test data for subsequent implementation of the semi-active vibration control system.The simulation and test results demonstrate that the integrated permanent magnet effectively accomplishes bidirectional regulation.The magnetic induction intensity of the damping channel is 0.2 T in the absence of current,increases to 0.5 T when a maximum forward current of 4 A is applied,and becomes 0 T when a maximum reverse current of 3.8 A is applied.When the excitation amplitude is 8 mm and the frequency is 2 Hz,with the applied currents varying,the maximum damping force reaches 8 kN,while the minimum damping force measures at 511 N.Additionally,at zero current,the damping force stands at 2 kN,which aligns closely with simulation results.The present paper can serve as a valuable reference for the design and research of semi-active MRF dampers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12525202)。
文摘Transcritical and supercritical fluids widely exist in aerospace propulsion systems,such as the coolant flow in the regenerative cooling channels of scramjet engines.To numerically simulate the coolant flow,we must address the challenges in solving Riemann problems(RPs)for real fluids under complex flow conditions.In this study,an exact numerical solution for the one-dimensional RP of two-parameter fluids is developed.Due to the comprehensive resolution of fluid thermodynamics,the proposed solution framework is suitable for all forms of the two-parameter equation of state(EoS).The pressure splitting method is introduced to enable parallel calculation of RPs across multiple grid points.Theoretical analysis demonstrates the isentropic nature of weak waves in two-parameter fluids,ensuring that the same mathematical properties as ideal gas could be applied in Newton's iteration.A series of numerical cases validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.A comparative analysis is conducted on the exact Riemann solutions for the real fluid EoS,the ideal gas EoS,and the improved ideal gas EoS under supercritical and transcritical conditions.The results indicate that the improved one produces smaller errors in the calculation of momentum and energy fluxes.
基金financed by Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(Grant No.202202AG050006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42462011)Projects of Yunnan Province Technology Hall(Grant No.202305AT350004).
文摘The Gejiu tin-copper-(tungsten)(Sn-Cu-(W))polymetallic district is located in the southwest of the W-Sn metallogenic belt in the western Youjiang Basin,Yunnan,Southwest China.Abundant W minerals have been identified in the region via exploration.However,metallogenic sources and evolution of W remain unclear,and the existing metallogenic model has to be updated to guide further ore prospecting.Elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic data for scheelites assist in the determination of sources and evolution of the W-mineralizing fluids and metals in the district.Based on field geological survey,the scheelites in the Gejiu district can be categorized into three types:altered granite(Type Ⅰ),quartz vein(Type Ⅱ)from the Laochang deposit,and skarn(Type Ⅲ)from the Kafang deposit.Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ scheelites have low molybdenum(Mo)and strontium(Sr)contents,and Type Ⅱ scheelite has lower Sr contents than Type Ⅰ as well as higher Mo and Sr contents than Type Ⅲ scheelites.Varying Mo contents across the scheelite types suggests that the oxygen fugacity varied during ore accumulation.Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ scheelites exhibit similar rare earth elements(REE)patterns;Type Ⅲ scheelite contains lower REE content,particularly HREE,compared with the other scheelites.All scheelites exhibit negative Eu anomalies in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns.As the W-mineralization and two-mica granite share close spatial and temporal relationships,the negative Eu anomalies were likely inherited from the two-mica granite.Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ scheelites display varied(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(82 Ma)(0.7090-0.7141)andε_(Nd)(82 Ma)(from−9.9 to−5.4)values,similar to those of granite.However,Type Ⅲ scheelite exhibits lower(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(82 Ma)(0.7083-0.7087)and lowerε_(Nd)(82 Ma)(from−10.5 to−6.9)values than the two-mica granite.This indicates that the two-mica granite alone did not provide the ore-forming fluids and metals and that the Type Ⅲ scheelite ore-forming fluids likely involved external fluids that were probably derived from carbonate rocks.The implication is that highly differentiated two-mica granites were the source of primary W-bearing metals and fluids,which is consistent with earlier research on the origin of Sn ore-forming materials.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of cumulative fluid balance(CFB)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and analyze the relationship between different trajectory groups and the occurrence of pressure injuries(PIs).Methods:In this retrospective longitudinal study,we obtained health-related data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database,including sociodemographic,disease-related variables,and ICU treatment variables.The daily CFB adjusted for body weight was calculated,and the occurrence of PIs during the ICU stay was recorded.A group-based trajectory model was used to explore the different CFB trajectories.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the CFB trajectory group and PIs.Results:Among the 4,294 included participants,we identified four distinct trajectories of CFB in ICU patients:the rapid accumulation group(12.5%),the slow accumulation group(28.5%),the neutral balance group(41.7%),and the negative decrease group(17.3%).After adjusting for some sociodemographic,disease-related variables,and ICU treatment variables,the rapid accumulation group had an OR of 1.63(95%CI:1.30,2.04)for all stages of PIs and an OR of 1.36(95%CI:1.08,1.72)for stage II or higher PIs compared to the neutral balance group.Conclusions:Four unique trajectories of CFB were identified among patients in the ICU,including rapid accumulation,slow accumulation,neutral balance,and negative decrease.Rapid accumulation independently increased the risk of PIs during ICU stay.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin Eye Hospital(No.YKPY2207)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-016A).
文摘Dear Editor,We introduce a novel surgical instrument designed to overcome the challenges in draining fluid from the suprachoroidal space in patients with choroidal detachment.In the evolving landscape of ophthalmic surgeries,procedures that were once considered complex,such as those for choroidal detachment,are becoming increasingly common.Drainage of subchoroidal fluid was derived from 1985[1]with indirect visualization during scleral buckle surgery[2-4].
基金financially supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(No.KJGG2021-0504)。
文摘Understanding the thermodynamic behavior of complex fluids in confined environments is critical for various industrial and natural processes including but not limited to polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery(EOR).In this work,we develop Atif-V2.0,an extended classical density functional theory(cDFT)framework that integrates the interfacial statistical associating fluid theory(iSAFT)to model multicomponent associating fluids composed of water-soluble polymers,alkanes,and water.Building on the original theoretical framework of Atif for modeling nanoconfined inhomogeneous fluids,Atif-V2.0 embeds explicit solvent and captures additional physical interactions-hydrogen bonding,which are critical in associating fluid systems.The other key feature of Atif-V2.0 is its ability to account for polymer topology.We demonstrate its capability by predicting the equilibrium structure and thermodynamic behavior of branched hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions near hard walls with various branching topologies,which provides a robust theoretical tool for the rational design of EOR polymers.
基金supports for this project from State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety(SKLCS–2024001)are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘Bubble breakup at T-junction microchannels is the basis for the numbering-up of gas−liquid two-phase flow in parallelized microchannels. This article presents the bubble breakup in viscous liquids at a microfluidic T-junction. Nitrogen is used as the gas phase, and glycerol-water mixtures with different mass concentration of glycerol as the liquid phase. The evolution of the gas−liquid interface during bubble breakup at the microfluidic T-junction is explored. The thinning of the bubble neck includes the squeezing stage and the rapid pinch-off stage. In the squeezing stage, the power law relation is found between the minimum width of the bubble neck and the time, and the values of exponents α1 and α2 are influenced by the viscous force. The values of pre-factors m_(1) and m_(2) are negatively correlated with the capillary number. In the rapid pinch-off stage, the thinning of the bubble neck is predominated by the surface tension, and the minimum width of the bubble neck can be scaled with the remaining time as power-law. The propagation of the bubble tip can be characterized by the power law between the movement distance and the time, with decreasing exponent as increased liquid viscosity.
