[Objectives] To study the optimal conditions for extracting procyanidins fromLycium ruthenicum Murr. with sub-critical fluid R134 a( 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in 1 L extraction kettle. [Methods]Taking the extraction ...[Objectives] To study the optimal conditions for extracting procyanidins fromLycium ruthenicum Murr. with sub-critical fluid R134 a( 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in 1 L extraction kettle. [Methods]Taking the extraction rate of procyanidins as an indicator,the influence of pressure,temperature,and extraction time on extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. Ruthenicum Murr. was studied by single factor experimental methods and orthogonal array design. [Results]The order of factors affecting extraction rate of procyanidins was extraction temperature > extraction pressure > extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. ruthenicum Murr. was the highest with extraction pressure of 1. 2 MPa,extraction temperature of 50℃ and extraction time of 90 min. The content of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr. from different producing areas was determined by vanillin-HCl method under the optimal conditions. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of easy operation,good selectivity,low extraction temperature and high extraction efficiency,which is suitable for extraction of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr.展开更多
The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)metallogenic province of southwest China is one of the most important Zn-Pb ore zones in China,with^200 Mt ZnPb ores at mean grades of 10 wt.%Zn and 5 wt.%Pb.The source and mechanism of ...The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)metallogenic province of southwest China is one of the most important Zn-Pb ore zones in China,with^200 Mt ZnPb ores at mean grades of 10 wt.%Zn and 5 wt.%Pb.The source and mechanism of the regional Zn-Pb mineralization remain controversial despite many investigations that have been conducted.The Wusihe Zn-Pb deposit is a representative large-scale Zn-Pb deposit in the northern SYG,which mainly occurs in the Dengying Formation and yields Zn-Pb resources of^3.7 Mt.In this paper,Zn and S isotopes,and Fe and Cd contents of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit were investigated in an attempt to constrain the controls on Zn and S isotopic variations,the potential sources of ore-forming components,and the possible mineralization mechanisms.Both theδ66Zn andδ34S values in sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit increase systematically from the bottom to the top of the strata-bound orebodies.Such spatial evolution inδ66Zn andδ34S values of sphalerite can be attributed to isotopic Rayleigh fractionation during sphalerite precipitation with temperature variations.The strong correlations between the Zn-S isotopic compositions and Fe-Cd concentrations in sphalerite suggest that their variations were dominated by a similar mechanism.However,the Rayleigh fractionation mechanism cannot explain the spatial variations of Fe and Cd concentrations of sphalerite in this deposit.It is noted that the bottom and top sphalerites from the strata-bound orebodies document contrasting Zn and S isotopic compositions which correspond to the Zn and S isotopic characteristics of basement rocks and host rocks,respectively.Therefore,the mixing of two-source fluids with distinct Zn-S isotopic signatures was responsible for the spatial variations of Zn-S isotopic compositions of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit.The fluids from basement rocks are characterized by relatively lighter Zn(~0.2‰)and S(~5‰)isotopic compositions while the fluids from host rocks are marked by relatively heavier Zn(~0.6‰)and S(~15‰)isotopic compositions.展开更多
Objective: It has been suggested that the use of hypotonic intravenous fluid (IVF) puts hospitalized children at a greater risk of developing hyponatremia in children with increased arginine vasopressin (AVP) producti...Objective: It has been suggested that the use of hypotonic intravenous fluid (IVF) puts hospitalized children at a greater risk of developing hyponatremia in children with increased arginine vasopressin (AVP) production. To reduce its risk, the National Patient Safety Agency in UK issued alert 22 in 2007, of which recommendations were to use isotonic solutions for these children at risk of hyponatremia, instead of the previously most commonly used IVF (0.18% saline/ 4% dextrose) for maintenance fluid therapy. Recent observations, however, revealed that hypokalemia are also common in hospitalized patients who do not receive potassium in their IVF. This study was conducted to validate the potassium added IVF for the prevention of hospital-acquired hypokalemia in maintenance fluid therapy. Design: For maintenance fluid therapy, a commercially available IVF solution in Japan named as Solita-T2R (Na 84 mmol/L, K 20 mmol/L, Cl 66 mmol/L, glucose 3.2%) was infused for 41 sick children with a median age of 3.01 years. Its composition is close equivalent to 0.45% saline/5% dextrose (Na 77 mmol/L, K 0 mmol/L, Cl 77 mmol/L, dextrose 5%) except K content. The patients in states of AVP excess were excluded from the analysis. Results: Median serum potassium value did not drop significantly at a median interval of 48 hours (before IVF: 4.30 mmol/L, after IVF: 4.10 mmol/L, p > 0.05), whereas median serum sodium level significantly increased from 136.0 mmol/L to 139.0 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Potassium added (20 mmol/L) IVF solution reduces the risk of developing “hospital-acquired hypokalemia” in children who are not in states of AVP excess in maintenance fluid therapy. It is worthwhile to study prospectively in a larger number of sick children.展开更多
Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer?(PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rap...Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer?(PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rapid, direct, preferably non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the screening for PCa. Method: The levels of trace elements (TE) Br, Fe, Rb, Sr,?and Zn were prospectively evaluated in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF). Also?Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, Zn/Sr concentration ratios as well as ZnRb and (ZnRb)/Fe concentration combinations were calculated for EPF samples, obtained from 38 apparently healthy males and from 33, 51, and 24 patients with chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and PCa, respectively. Measurements were performed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) microanalysis. Results: It was found that in the EPF of cancerous prostates the levels of Rb, Zn, Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Sr, ZnRb, and (ZnRb)/Fe were significantly lower in comparison with those in the EPF of normal, inflamed, and hyperplastic prostates. For example, in comparison hyperplastic?with cancerous prostates p values obtained using Student’s t-test and?Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test were Conclusions: The levels of TE and their combinations in EPF, obtained by EDXRF, is a fast, reliable, andnon-invasive diagnostic tool that can be successfully used by local, non- urologist physicians at the point-of-care to provide a highly effective PCa screening and as an additional confirmatory test before a prostate gland biopsy.展开更多
准确量化页岩储层中的原位游离和吸附流体对于储量估算和优化开采策略至关重要。有学者提出了一种使用二维(2D)核磁共振(NMR)评估游离和吸附流体含量的方法——图版法(Li Jinbu et al.,2020),该方法引起了广泛关注。同时,其他学者也提...准确量化页岩储层中的原位游离和吸附流体对于储量估算和优化开采策略至关重要。有学者提出了一种使用二维(2D)核磁共振(NMR)评估游离和吸附流体含量的方法——图版法(Li Jinbu et al.,2020),该方法引起了广泛关注。同时,其他学者也提出了离心法和加热法来评估游离和吸附流体含量。然而,这些研究是在仅含有饱和单相流体(水或油)的常规岩心上进行的,因此尚不清楚它们是否适用于饱和油水两相流体的密闭取芯样品。此外,对于密闭样品,这3种方法的结果是否一致还有待深入研究。展开更多
基金Supported by 2016 Instrument Functional Development Project of Lanzhou Regional Center of Resources and Environmental Science Instrument,CAS(2018gl11)
文摘[Objectives] To study the optimal conditions for extracting procyanidins fromLycium ruthenicum Murr. with sub-critical fluid R134 a( 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in 1 L extraction kettle. [Methods]Taking the extraction rate of procyanidins as an indicator,the influence of pressure,temperature,and extraction time on extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. Ruthenicum Murr. was studied by single factor experimental methods and orthogonal array design. [Results]The order of factors affecting extraction rate of procyanidins was extraction temperature > extraction pressure > extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction rate of procyanidins fromL. ruthenicum Murr. was the highest with extraction pressure of 1. 2 MPa,extraction temperature of 50℃ and extraction time of 90 min. The content of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr. from different producing areas was determined by vanillin-HCl method under the optimal conditions. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of easy operation,good selectivity,low extraction temperature and high extraction efficiency,which is suitable for extraction of procyanidins in L. ruthenicum Murr.
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB18030302)the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0602503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1812402, 41430315, 41573011, 41625006)
文摘The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)metallogenic province of southwest China is one of the most important Zn-Pb ore zones in China,with^200 Mt ZnPb ores at mean grades of 10 wt.%Zn and 5 wt.%Pb.The source and mechanism of the regional Zn-Pb mineralization remain controversial despite many investigations that have been conducted.The Wusihe Zn-Pb deposit is a representative large-scale Zn-Pb deposit in the northern SYG,which mainly occurs in the Dengying Formation and yields Zn-Pb resources of^3.7 Mt.In this paper,Zn and S isotopes,and Fe and Cd contents of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit were investigated in an attempt to constrain the controls on Zn and S isotopic variations,the potential sources of ore-forming components,and the possible mineralization mechanisms.Both theδ66Zn andδ34S values in sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit increase systematically from the bottom to the top of the strata-bound orebodies.Such spatial evolution inδ66Zn andδ34S values of sphalerite can be attributed to isotopic Rayleigh fractionation during sphalerite precipitation with temperature variations.The strong correlations between the Zn-S isotopic compositions and Fe-Cd concentrations in sphalerite suggest that their variations were dominated by a similar mechanism.However,the Rayleigh fractionation mechanism cannot explain the spatial variations of Fe and Cd concentrations of sphalerite in this deposit.It is noted that the bottom and top sphalerites from the strata-bound orebodies document contrasting Zn and S isotopic compositions which correspond to the Zn and S isotopic characteristics of basement rocks and host rocks,respectively.Therefore,the mixing of two-source fluids with distinct Zn-S isotopic signatures was responsible for the spatial variations of Zn-S isotopic compositions of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit.The fluids from basement rocks are characterized by relatively lighter Zn(~0.2‰)and S(~5‰)isotopic compositions while the fluids from host rocks are marked by relatively heavier Zn(~0.6‰)and S(~15‰)isotopic compositions.
文摘Objective: It has been suggested that the use of hypotonic intravenous fluid (IVF) puts hospitalized children at a greater risk of developing hyponatremia in children with increased arginine vasopressin (AVP) production. To reduce its risk, the National Patient Safety Agency in UK issued alert 22 in 2007, of which recommendations were to use isotonic solutions for these children at risk of hyponatremia, instead of the previously most commonly used IVF (0.18% saline/ 4% dextrose) for maintenance fluid therapy. Recent observations, however, revealed that hypokalemia are also common in hospitalized patients who do not receive potassium in their IVF. This study was conducted to validate the potassium added IVF for the prevention of hospital-acquired hypokalemia in maintenance fluid therapy. Design: For maintenance fluid therapy, a commercially available IVF solution in Japan named as Solita-T2R (Na 84 mmol/L, K 20 mmol/L, Cl 66 mmol/L, glucose 3.2%) was infused for 41 sick children with a median age of 3.01 years. Its composition is close equivalent to 0.45% saline/5% dextrose (Na 77 mmol/L, K 0 mmol/L, Cl 77 mmol/L, dextrose 5%) except K content. The patients in states of AVP excess were excluded from the analysis. Results: Median serum potassium value did not drop significantly at a median interval of 48 hours (before IVF: 4.30 mmol/L, after IVF: 4.10 mmol/L, p > 0.05), whereas median serum sodium level significantly increased from 136.0 mmol/L to 139.0 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Potassium added (20 mmol/L) IVF solution reduces the risk of developing “hospital-acquired hypokalemia” in children who are not in states of AVP excess in maintenance fluid therapy. It is worthwhile to study prospectively in a larger number of sick children.
文摘Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer?(PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rapid, direct, preferably non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the screening for PCa. Method: The levels of trace elements (TE) Br, Fe, Rb, Sr,?and Zn were prospectively evaluated in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF). Also?Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Rb, Zn/Sr concentration ratios as well as ZnRb and (ZnRb)/Fe concentration combinations were calculated for EPF samples, obtained from 38 apparently healthy males and from 33, 51, and 24 patients with chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and PCa, respectively. Measurements were performed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) microanalysis. Results: It was found that in the EPF of cancerous prostates the levels of Rb, Zn, Zn/Br, Zn/Fe, Zn/Sr, ZnRb, and (ZnRb)/Fe were significantly lower in comparison with those in the EPF of normal, inflamed, and hyperplastic prostates. For example, in comparison hyperplastic?with cancerous prostates p values obtained using Student’s t-test and?Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test were Conclusions: The levels of TE and their combinations in EPF, obtained by EDXRF, is a fast, reliable, andnon-invasive diagnostic tool that can be successfully used by local, non- urologist physicians at the point-of-care to provide a highly effective PCa screening and as an additional confirmatory test before a prostate gland biopsy.
文摘准确量化页岩储层中的原位游离和吸附流体对于储量估算和优化开采策略至关重要。有学者提出了一种使用二维(2D)核磁共振(NMR)评估游离和吸附流体含量的方法——图版法(Li Jinbu et al.,2020),该方法引起了广泛关注。同时,其他学者也提出了离心法和加热法来评估游离和吸附流体含量。然而,这些研究是在仅含有饱和单相流体(水或油)的常规岩心上进行的,因此尚不清楚它们是否适用于饱和油水两相流体的密闭取芯样品。此外,对于密闭样品,这3种方法的结果是否一致还有待深入研究。
